C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.

  1. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g. brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g. the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g. the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element of it; it has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g. the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g. after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

  
CHEMISTRY
 C04
CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES (alloys based on refractory metals C22C)  [4]
 C04

Note(s)

This class does not cover mechanical features provided for elsewhere, e.g. mechanical working B28, kilns F27.

 C04B
LIME; MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C 10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE  [4]
 C04B

Note(s)

  1. In groups C04B 7/00-C04B 32/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [4]
  2. A composition classified in groups C04B 26/00 or C04B 28/00 is also classified in groups C04B 14/00-C04B 24/00, if a filler or active ingredient is of interest. [4]
  3. Grinding aids used after the burning process or used in the absence of a burning process are classified as active ingredients. [4]
  4. In groups C04B 26/00-C04B 30/00, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to individual constituents. The indexing codes, which are chosen from groups C04B 14/00-C04B 30/00, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be linked. [4]
 C04B 2/00 - 
C04B 5/00
Lime; Magnesia; Slag
 C04B 2/00
Lime, magnesia or dolomite (hydraulic lime cements C04B 7/34)  [4]
 C04B 2/02
·  Lime  [4]
 C04B 2/04
·  ·  Slaking  [4]
 C04B 2/06
·  ·  ·  with addition of substances, e.g. hydrophobic agents  [4]
 C04B 2/08
·  ·  ·  Devices therefor  [4]
 C04B 2/10
·  Preheating, burning, calcining or cooling (decarbonation during burning of cement raw materials C04B 7/43)  [4]
 C04B 2/12
·  ·  in shaft or vertical furnaces (shaft or vertical furnaces per se F27B 1/00)  [4]
 C04B 5/00
Treatment of molten slag (manufacture of slag wool C03B; in, or for, the production of metals C21B, C22B); Artificial stone from molten slag (mechanical aspects B28B 1/54)  [4]
 C04B 5/02
·  Granulating (apparatus B01J 2/00); Dehydrating; Drying
 C04B 5/06
·  Ingredients, other than water, added to the molten slag; Treatment with gases or gas generating material, e.g. to obtain porous slag  [4]
 C04B 7/00 - 
C04B 12/00
Cements
 C04B 7/00
Hydraulic cements (calcium sulfate cements C04B 11/00)
 C04B 7/02
·  Portland cement
 C04B 7/04
·  ·  using raw materials containing gypsum
 C04B 7/06
·  ·  using alkaline raw materials
 C04B 7/12
·  Natural pozzuolanas; Natural pozzuolana cements (cements containing slag C04B 7/14)  [4]
 C04B 7/13
·  ·  Mixtures thereof with inorganic cementitious materials, e.g. Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 7/14
·  Cements containing slag
 C04B 7/147
·  ·  Metallurgical slag  [4]
 C04B 7/153
·  ·  ·  Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators  [4]
 C04B 7/17
·  ·  ·  ·  with calcium oxide containing activators  [4]
 C04B 7/19
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 7/21
·  ·  ·  ·  with calcium sulfate containing activators  [4]
 C04B 7/22
·  Iron ore cements
 C04B 7/24
·  Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag  [4]
 C04B 7/26
·  ·  from raw materials containing flue dust
 C04B 7/28
·  ·  from combustion residues (C04B 7/26 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 7/30
·  ·  from oil shale; from oil shale residues  [4]
 C04B 7/32
·  Aluminous cements
 C04B 7/34
·  Hydraulic lime cements; Roman cements
 C04B 7/345
·  Hydraulic cements not provided for in one of the groups C04B 7/02-C04B 7/34  [4]
 C04B 7/36
·  Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
 C04B 7/38
·  ·  Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches  [4]
 C04B 7/40
·  ·  ·  Dehydrating; Forming, e.g. granulating (apparatus for granulating B01J 2/00)
 C04B 7/42
·  ·  ·  Active ingredients added before, or during, the burning process (after the burning process C04B 22/00, C04B 24/00)
 C04B 7/43
·  ·  Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling  [4]
 C04B 7/44
·  ·  ·  Burning; Melting  [4]
 C04B 7/45
·  ·  ·  ·  in fluidised beds  [4]
 C04B 7/46
·  ·  ·  ·  electric  [4]
 C04B 7/47
·  ·  ·  Cooling  [4]
 C04B 7/48
·  ·  Clinker treatment (C04B 7/47 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 7/51
·  ·  ·  Hydrating  [4]
 C04B 7/52
·  ·  ·  Grinding
 C04B 7/60
·  ·  Methods for eliminating alkali metals or compounds thereof  [4]
 C04B 9/00
Magnesium cements or silimar cements
 C04B 9/02
·  Magnesium cements containing chlorides, e.g. Sorel cement
 C04B 9/04
·  Magnesium cements containing sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, or fluorides
 C04B 9/06
·  Cements containing metal compounds other than magnesium compounds, e.g. compounds of zinc or lead
 C04B 9/11
·  Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials  [4]
 C04B 9/12
·  ·  with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 9/20
·  Manufacture, e.g. preparing the batches (preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime stone, magnesite or dolomite C04B 2/10)
 C04B 11/00
Calcium sulfate cements
 C04B 11/02
·  Dehydrating gypsum
 C04B 11/024
·  ·  Ingredients added before, or during, the calcining process, e.g. calcination modifiers  [4]
 C04B 11/028
·  ·  Devices therefor  [4]
 C04B 11/032
·  ·  ·  for the wet process, e.g. dehydrating in solution or under saturated vapor conditions  [4]
 C04B 11/036
·  ·  ·  for the dry process, e.g. dehydrating in a fluidised bed or in a rotary kiln  [4]
 C04B 11/05
·  obtaining anhydrite (C04B 11/028 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 11/06
·  starting from anhydrite
 C04B 11/26
·  starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke (C04B 11/02 takes precedence; chemical purification of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases B01D 53/00)  [4]
 C04B 11/28
·  Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials (C04B 7/04, C04B 7/153 take precedence)  [4]
 C04B 11/30
·  ·  with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 12/00
Cements not provided for in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 11/00  [4]
 C04B 12/02
·  Phosphate cements (in, or for, the manufacture of ceramics C04B 33/00, C04B 35/00)  [4]
 C04B 12/04
·  Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements (alkali metal silicates per se, their preparation C01B 33/32; ammonium silicates per se, their preparation C01C 1/00)  [4]
 C04B 14/00 - 
C04B 20/00
Use of materials as fillers (ceramics C04B 33/00, C04B 35/00; reinforcing elements for building materials E04C 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 14/00
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like (expanding or defibrilating materials C04B 20/00)  [4]
 C04B 14/02
·  Granular materials  [4]
 C04B 14/04
·  ·  Silica-rich materials; Silicates  [4]
 C04B 14/06
·  ·  ·  Quartz; Sand  [4]
 C04B 14/08
·  ·  ·  Diatomaceous earth  [4]
 C04B 14/10
·  ·  ·  Clay  [4]
 C04B 14/12
·  ·  ·  ·  Expanded clay  [4]
 C04B 14/14
·  ·  ·  Minerals of vulcanic origin  [4]
 C04B 14/16
·  ·  ·  ·  porous, e.g. pumice  [4]
 C04B 14/18
·  ·  ·  ·  Perlite  [4]
 C04B 14/20
·  ·  ·  Mica; Vermiculite  [4]
 C04B 14/22
·  ·  ·  Glass  [4]
 C04B 14/24
·  ·  ·  ·  porous, e.g. foamed glass  [4]
 C04B 14/26
·  ·  Carbonates  [4]
 C04B 14/28
·  ·  ·  of calcium  [4]
 C04B 14/30
·  ·  Oxides other than silica  [4]
 C04B 14/32
·  ·  Carbides; Nitrides; Borides  [4]
 C04B 14/34
·  ·  Metals  [4]
 C04B 14/36
·  ·  Inorganic materials not provided for in groups C04B 14/04-C04B 14/34  [4]
 C04B 14/38
·  Fibrous materials; Whiskers  [4]
 C04B 14/40
·  ·  Asbestos  [4]
 C04B 14/42
·  ·  Glass  [4]
 C04B 14/44
·  ·  ·  Treatment for enhancing alkali resistance  [4]
 C04B 14/46
·  ·  Rock wool  [4]
 C04B 14/48
·  ·  Metal  [4]
 C04B 16/00
Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like  [4]
 C04B 16/02
·  Cellulosic materials (cellulosic waste materials, e.g. sawdust, rice husks, C04B 18/24)  [4]
 C04B 16/04
·  Macromolecular compounds (C04B 16/02 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 16/06
·  ·  fibrous  [4]
 C04B 16/08
·  ·  porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads  [4]
 C04B 16/10
·  ·  ·  Treatment for enhancing the mixability with the mortar  [4]
 C04B 16/12
·  characterised by the shape (fibrous macromolecular compounds C04B 16/06; porous macromolecular compounds C04B 16/08)  [4]
 C04B 18/00
Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like (use of waste materials for the manufacture of cement C04B 7/24); Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like  [4]
 C04B 18/02
·  Agglomerated materials  [4]
 C04B 18/04
·  Waste materials; Refuse  [4]
 C04B 18/06
·  ·  Combustion residues, e.g. purfication products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases  [4]
 C04B 18/08
·  ·  ·  Flue dust  [4]
 C04B 18/10
·  ·  ·  Burned refuse  [4]
 C04B 18/12
·  ·  from quarries, mining or the like  [4]
 C04B 18/14
·  ·  from metallurgical processes (treatment of molten slag C04B 5/00; for manufacture of cement C04B 7/14)  [4]
 C04B 18/16
·  ·  from building or ceramic industry  [4]
 C04B 18/18
·  ·  organic (C04B 18/10 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 18/20
·  ·  ·  from macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 18/22
·  ·  ·  ·  Rubber  [4]
 C04B 18/24
·  ·  ·  Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper  [4]
 C04B 18/26
·  ·  ·  ·  Wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shavings  [4]
 C04B 18/28
·  ·  ·  ·  Mineralising; Compositions therefor  [4]
 C04B 18/30
·  ·  Mixed waste; Waste of undefined composition, e.g. municipal waste (C04B 18/10 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 20/00
Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like according to more than one of groups C04B 14/00-C04B 18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00-C04B 18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like; Expanding or defibrilating materials  [4]
 C04B 20/02
·  Treatment  [4]
 C04B 20/04
·  ·  Heat treatment  [4]
 C04B 20/06
·  ·  ·  Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials  [4]
 C04B 20/08
·  ·  Defibrilating asbestos  [4]
 C04B 20/10
·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 20/12
·  ·  Multiple coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 22/00 - 
C04B 24/00
Use of materials as active ingredients  [4]
 C04B 22/00 - 
C04B 24/00

Note(s)

Active ingredients which react with cement compounds for forming new or modified mineralogical phases and are added before the hardening process, as well as cements added as additives to other cements, are classified in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 12/00, e.g. in group C04B 7/42[4]

 C04B 22/00
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like, e.g. accelerators  [4]
 C04B 22/02
·  Elements  [4]
 C04B 22/04
·  ·  Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent  [4]
 C04B 22/06
·  Oxides; Hydroxides  [4]
 C04B 22/08
·  Acids or salts thereof  [4]
 C04B 22/10
·  ·  containing carbon in the anion, e.g. carbonates  [4]
 C04B 22/12
·  ·  containing halogen in the anion, e.g. calcium chloride  [4]
 C04B 22/14
·  ·  containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides  [4]
 C04B 22/16
·  ·  containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates  [4]
 C04B 24/00
Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like, e.g. plasticisers  [4]
 C04B 24/02
·  Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers  [4]
 C04B 24/04
·  Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/06
·  ·  containing hydroxy groups  [4]
 C04B 24/08
·  Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats  [4]
 C04B 24/10
·  Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/12
·  Nitrogen containing compounds  [4]
 C04B 24/14
·  ·  Peptides; Proteins; Derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/16
·  Sulfur-containing compounds  [4]
 C04B 24/18
·  ·  Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfite lye  [4]
 C04B 24/20
·  ·  Sulfonated aromatic compounds  [4]
 C04B 24/22
·  ·  ·  Condensation products thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/24
·  Macromolecular compounds (C04B 24/14, C04B 24/18, C04B 24/22 take precedence)  [4]
 C04B 24/26
·  ·  obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 24/28
·  ·  obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 24/30
·  ·  ·  Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones  [4]
 C04B 24/32
·  ·  ·  Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether  [4]
 C04B 24/34
·  ·  Natural resins, e.g. rosin  [4]
 C04B 24/36
·  ·  Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch  [4]
 C04B 24/38
·  ·  Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/40
·  Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium  [4]
 C04B 24/42
·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 26/00 - 
C04B 32/00
Compositions of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like (artificial stone from molten slag C04B 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 26/00
Compositions of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like, containing only organic binders  [4]
 C04B 26/02
·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 26/04
·  ·  obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 26/06
·  ·  ·  Acrylates  [4]
 C04B 26/08
·  ·  ·  containing halogen  [4]
 C04B 26/10
·  ·  obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 26/12
·  ·  ·  Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones  [4]
 C04B 26/14
·  ·  ·  Polyepoxides  [4]
 C04B 26/16
·  ·  ·  Polyurethanes  [4]
 C04B 26/18
·  ·  ·  Polyesters; Polycarbonates  [4]
 C04B 26/20
·  ·  ·  Polyamides  [4]
 C04B 26/22
·  ·  Natural resins, e.g. rosin  [4]
 C04B 26/24
·  ·  ·  Cellulosic waste liquor, e.g. sulfite lye  [4]
 C04B 26/26
·  ·  Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch  [4]
 C04B 26/28
·  ·  Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 26/30
·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 26/32
·  ·  containing silicon  [4]
 C04B 28/00
Compositions of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or the like, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements  [4]
 C04B 28/02
·  containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates  [4]
 C04B 28/04
·  ·  Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 28/06
·  ·  Aluminous cements (refractory mortars C04B 35/66)  [4]
 C04B 28/08
·  ·  Slag cements  [4]
 C04B 28/10
·  ·  Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements  [4]
 C04B 28/12
·  ·  ·  Hydraulic lime  [4]
 C04B 28/14
·  containing calcium sulfate cements  [4]
 C04B 28/16
·  ·  containing anhydrite  [4]
 C04B 28/18
·  containing mixtures of the silica-lime type  [4]
 C04B 28/20
·  ·  Sand-lime  [4]
 C04B 28/22
·  ·  Lime and pozzuolanas  [4]
 C04B 28/24
·  containing alkyl ammonium or alkali metal silicates; containing silica sols  [4]
 C04B 28/26
·  ·  Silicates of the alkali metals  [4]
 C04B 28/28
·  containing organic polyacids, e.g. polycarboxylate cements  [4]
 C04B 28/30
·  containing magnesium cements (magnesium oxide cements C04B 28/10)  [4]
 C04B 28/32
·  ·  Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement  [4]
 C04B 28/34
·  containing cold phosphate binders  [4]
 C04B 28/36
·  containing sulfur, sulfides or selenium  [4]
 C04B 30/00
Compositions for artificial stone, or the like, not containing binders  [4]
 C04B 30/02
·  containing fibrous materials  [4]
 C04B 32/00
Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass  [4]
 C04B 32/02
·  with reinforcements  [4]
 C04B 33/00 - 
C04B 38/00
Ceramics
 C04B 33/00
Clay-wares (refractory mortars or tamping materials C04B 35/66; porous products C04B 38/00)  [2]
 C04B 33/02
·  Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
 C04B 33/04
·  ·  Clay; Kaolin
 C04B 33/06
·  ·  ·  Rendering lime harmless
 C04B 33/08
·  ·  ·  ·  Preventing efflorescence
 C04B 33/10
·  ·  Eliminating iron or lime
 C04B 33/13
·  ·  Compounding ingredients (C04B 33/36, C04B 35/71 take precedence)  [2]
 C04B 33/14
·  ·  ·  Colouring matters
 C04B 33/16
·  ·  ·  Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz
 C04B 33/18
·  ·  ·  for liquefying the batches
 C04B 33/20
·  ·  for dry-pressing (C04B 33/13 takes precedence)
 C04B 33/22
·  Grog products
 C04B 33/24
·  Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
 C04B 33/26
·  ·  of porcelain for electrical insulation
 C04B 33/28
·  Slip casting (mechanical features B28B 1/26)
 C04B 33/30
·  Drying methods
 C04B 33/32
·  Burning methods
 C04B 33/34
·  ·  combined with glazing
 C04B 33/36
·  Reinforced clay-wares  [2]
 C04B 35/00
Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition (porous products C04B 38/00; articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes); Ceramic compositions (containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides, other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C)  [4]
 C04B 35/00

Note(s)

In this group, compositions are classified according to the constituent present in the highest proportion by weight. [3]

 C04B 35/02
·  based on basic refractory products  [2]
 C04B 35/04
·  ·  based on magnesia
 C04B 35/06
·  ·  ·  based on dolomite
 C04B 35/08
·  based on beryllium oxide
 C04B 35/10
·  based on alumina
 C04B 35/12
·  based on chromium oxide
 C04B 35/14
·  based on silica
 C04B 35/16
·  based on silicates other than clay
 C04B 35/18
·  ·  rich in alumina
 C04B 35/20
·  ·  rich in magnesia
 C04B 35/22
·  ·  rich in calcium oxide
 C04B 35/26
·  based on ferrites  [2]
 C04B 35/28
·  ·  with nickel oxide as the principal oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/30
·  ·  ·  with zinc oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/32
·  ·  with cobalt oxide as the principal oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/34
·  ·  ·  with zinc oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/36
·  ·  with manganese oxide as the principal oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/38
·  ·  ·  with zinc oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/40
·  ·  with rare earth oxide  [2]
 C04B 35/42
·  based on chromites  [2]
 C04B 35/44
·  based on aluminates  [2]
 C04B 35/46
·  based on titanium oxides or titanates (containing also zirconium oxide or zirconates C04B 35/49)
 C04B 35/48
·  based on zirconium oxide or zirconates
 C04B 35/49
·  ·  containing also titanium oxides or titanates  [3]
 C04B 35/50
·  based on rare earth compounds
 C04B 35/51
·  based on compounds of actinides  [2]
 C04B 35/52
·  based on carbon or carbides
 C04B 35/54
·  ·  based on graphite
 C04B 35/56
·  ·  based on carbides  [4]
 C04B 35/58
·  based on borides, nitrides or silicides  [4]
 C04B 35/60
·  by processes involving a melting step
 C04B 35/62
·  ·  refractories
 C04B 35/64
·  Burning or sintering processes (chemical part) (C04B 33/32 takes precedence; powder metallurgy B22F)
 C04B 35/65
·  ·  Reaction sintering of free metal or free Si containing compositions  [3]
 C04B 35/66
·  Refractory mortars or materials for tamping, including those whether or not containing clay
 C04B 35/68
·  Refractory or ray-absorbing linings
 C04B 35/71
·  Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents  [3,4]
 C04B 35/74
·  ·  containing shaped metallic materials  [2]
 C04B 35/76
·  ·  ·  Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like  [2]
 C04B 35/78
·  ·  containing non-metallic materials (for mortar, concrete, artificial stone, cements or abrasive bodies C04B 14/00-C04B 20/00)  [2]
 C04B 35/80
·  ·  ·  Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like  [2]
 C04B 35/82
·  ·  ·  ·  Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica  [2]
 C04B 35/84
·  ·  ·  Impregnated or coated materials  [2]
 C04B 37/00
Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating (laminated products B32B, E04C)
 C04B 37/02
·  with metallic articles
 C04B 37/04
·  with articles made from glass
 C04B 38/00
Porous artificial stone or porous ceramic ware; Preparation thereof (treating slag with gases or gas generating material C04B 5/06)  [4]
 C04B 38/00

Note(s)

Inventions characterised by the ingredients or compositions are also classified in groups C04B 2/00-C04B 35/00[4]

 C04B 38/02
·  by adding chemical blowing agents  [4]
 C04B 38/04
·  by dissolving-out added substances  [4]
 C04B 38/06
·  by burning-out added substances  [4]
 C04B 38/08
·  by adding porous substances  [4]
 C04B 38/10
·  by using foaming agents (C04B 38/02 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 40/00
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortar compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability (active ingredients C04B 22/00-C04B 24/00; hardening of a well-defined composition C04B 26/00-C04B 28/00; mechanical aspects B28; conditioning the materials prior to shaping B28B 17/02)  [4]
 C04B 40/02
·  Selection of the hardening environment  [4]
 C04B 40/04
·  Preventing evaporation of the mixing water (permanent coverings C04B 41/00)  [4]
 C04B 40/06
·  Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers  [4]
 C04B 41/00
After-treatment of artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone (applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general B05; grinding or polishing B24; apparatus or processes for treating or working shaped articles of clay or other ceramic compositions, slag or mixtures containing cementitious material B28B 11/00; working stone or stone-like materials B28D; glazes, other than cold glazes, C03C 8/00; etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions C09K 13/00)  [3]
 C04B 41/45 - 
C04B 41/91

Note(s)

  1. In groups C04B 41/45-C04B 41/91, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [4]
  2. Treating, e.g. coating or impregnating, a material with the same material or with a substance which ultimately is transformed into the same material is not considered after-treatment for this group but is classified as preparation of the material, e.g. a carbon body impregnated with a carbonisable substance is classified in C04B 35/52[4]
 C04B 41/45
·  Coating or impregnating (paints C09D)  [4]
 C04B 41/46
·  ·  with organic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/47
·  ·  ·  Oils, fats or waxes  [4]
 C04B 41/48
·  ·  ·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 41/49
·  ·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 41/50
·  ·  with inorganic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/51
·  ·  ·  Metallising  [4]
 C04B 41/52
·  ·  Multiple coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/53
·  involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated article  [4]
 C04B 41/60
·  of only artificial stone  [4]
 C04B 41/61
·  ·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/62
·  ·  ·  with organic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/63
·  ·  ·  ·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 41/64
·  ·  ·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 41/65
·  ·  ·  with inorganic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/66
·  ·  ·  ·  Fluorides, e.g. ocratation  [4]
 C04B 41/67
·  ·  ·  ·  Phosphates  [4]
 C04B 41/68
·  ·  ·  ·  Silicic acid; Silicates  [4]
 C04B 41/69
·  ·  ·  ·  Metals  [4]
 C04B 41/70
·  ·  ·  for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions  [4]
 C04B 41/71
·  ·  ·  ·  at least one coating being an organic material  [4]
 C04B 41/72
·  ·  involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching  [4]
 C04B 41/80
·  of only ceramics  [4]
 C04B 41/81
·  ·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/82
·  ·  ·  with organic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/83
·  ·  ·  ·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 41/84
·  ·  ·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 41/85
·  ·  ·  with inorganic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/86
·  ·  ·  ·  Glazes; Cold glazes  [4]
 C04B 41/87
·  ·  ·  ·  Ceramics  [4]
 C04B 41/88
·  ·  ·  ·  Metals  [4]
 C04B 41/89
·  ·  ·  for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions  [4]
 C04B 41/90
·  ·  ·  ·  at least one coating being a metal  [4]
 C04B 41/91
·  ·  involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching  [4]