C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.

  1. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g. brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g. the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g. the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element of it; it has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g. the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g. after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

  
CHEMISTRY
 C10
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
 C10J
PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C01B; underground gasification of minerals E21B 43/295); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES  [5]
 C10J 1/00
Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis (for internal-combustion engines F02)
 C10J 1/02
·  Carburetting air
 C10J 1/04
·  ·  Controlling supply of air
 C10J 1/06
·  ·  with materials which are liquid at ordinary temperatures
 C10J 1/08
·  ·  ·  by passage of air through or over the surface of the liquid
 C10J 1/10
·  ·  ·  ·  with the liquid absorbed on carriers
 C10J 1/12
·  ·  ·  by atomisation of the liquid
 C10J 1/14
·  ·  ·  Controlling the supply of liquid in accordance with the air supply
 C10J 1/16
·  ·  with solid hydrocarbons
 C10J 1/18
·  ·  in rotary carburettors
 C10J 1/20
·  Carburetting gases other than air
 C10J 1/22
·  Adding materials to prevent vapour deposition
 C10J 1/24
·  Controlling humidity of the air or gas to be carburetted
 C10J 1/26
·  using raised temperatures or pressures
 C10J 1/28
·  Odorising air gas
 C10J 3/00
Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels (destructive distillation processes C10B)
 C10J 3/02
·  Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
 C10J 3/04
·  ·  Cyclic processes, e.g. alternate blast and run
 C10J 3/06
·  ·  Continuous processes
 C10J 3/08
·  ·  ·  with ash-removal in liquid state
 C10J 3/10
·  ·  ·  using external heating
 C10J 3/12
·  ·  ·  using solid heat-carriers
 C10J 3/14
·  ·  ·  using gaseous heat-carriers
 C10J 3/16
·  ·  ·  simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
 C10J 3/18
·  ·  ·  using electricity
 C10J 3/20
·  ·  Apparatus; Plants
 C10J 3/22
·  ·  ·  Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
 C10J 3/24
·  ·  ·  ·  to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
 C10J 3/26
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  downwardly
 C10J 3/28
·  ·  ·  ·  fully automatic
 C10J 3/30
·  ·  ·  Fuel charging devices
 C10J 3/32
·  ·  ·  Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed for stirring-up the fuel bed
 C10J 3/34
·  ·  ·  Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
 C10J 3/36
·  ·  ·  ·  Fixed grates
 C10J 3/38
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with stirring beams
 C10J 3/40
·  ·  ·  ·  Movable grates
 C10J 3/42
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Rotary grates
 C10J 3/44
·  ·  ·  adapted for use on vehicles
 C10J 3/46
·  Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels in suspension
 C10J 3/48
·  ·  Apparatus; Plants
 C10J 3/50
·  ·  ·  Fuel charging devices
 C10J 3/52
·  ·  ·  Ash-removing devices
 C10J 3/54
·  ·  Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
 C10J 3/56
·  ·  ·  Apparatus; Plants
 C10J 3/57
·  Gasification using molten salts or metals (C10J 3/02, C10J 3/46 take precedence)  [4]
 C10J 3/58
·  combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
 C10J 3/60
·  ·  Processes
 C10J 3/62
·  ·  ·  with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
 C10J 3/64
·  ·  ·  with decomposition of the distillation products
 C10J 3/66
·  ·  ·  ·  by introducing them into the gasification zone
 C10J 3/68
·  Carburetting by pyrolysis of carbonaceous material in the fuel bed (C10J 3/66 takes precedence)
 C10J 3/70
·  Carburetting by pyrolysis of carbonaceous material in a carburettor
 C10J 3/72
·  Other features
 C10J 3/74
·  ·  Construction of shells or jackets
 C10J 3/76
·  ·  ·  Water jackets; Steam boiler jackets
 C10J 3/78
·  ·  High-pressure apparatus
 C10J 3/80
·  ·  with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
 C10J 3/82
·  ·  Gas withdrawal means
 C10J 3/84
·  ·  ·  with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
 C10J 3/86
·  ·  combined with waste-heat boilers
 C10J 5/00
( transferred to E21B 43/295 )