C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.

  1. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g. brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g. the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g. the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element of it; it has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g. the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g. after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

  
CHEMISTRY
 C10
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
 C10C
WORKING-UP TAR, PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID (compositions of bituminous materials C08L 95/00; carbon filaments by decomposition of organic filaments D01F 9/14)
 C10C 1/00
Working-up tar (coumarone resins C08F 244/00; obtaining hydrocarbon oils C10G)  [4]
 C10C 1/02
·  Removal of water (by distillation C10C 1/06)
 C10C 1/04
·  by distillation
 C10C 1/06
·  ·  Removal of water
 C10C 1/08
·  ·  Winning of aromatic fractions
 C10C 1/10
·  ·  ·  benzene fraction
 C10C 1/12
·  ·  ·  naphthalene fraction
 C10C 1/14
·  ·  Winning of tar oils from tar
 C10C 1/16
·  ·  Winning of pitch
 C10C 1/18
·  by extraction with selective solvents
 C10C 1/19
·  by thermal treatment not involving distillation  [4]
 C10C 1/20
·  Refining by chemical means
 C10C 3/00
Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen
 C10C 3/02
·  by chemical means
 C10C 3/04
·  ·  by blowing or oxidising
 C10C 3/06
·  by distillation
 C10C 3/08
·  by selective extraction
 C10C 3/10
·  Melting
 C10C 3/12
·  ·  Devices therefor
 C10C 3/14
·  Solidifying; Disintegrating, e.g. granulating
 C10C 3/16
·  ·  by direct contact with liquids
 C10C 3/18
·  Removing in solid form from reaction vessels, containers and the like, e.g. by cutting out, by pressing
 C10C 5/00
Production of pyroligneous acid (carbonisation of wood C10B)