C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.

  1. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g. brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g. the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g. the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element of it; it has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g. the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g. after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C12M-C12Q or C12S, and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. [3,5]
  3. In this subclass, unless specifically provided for, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms. Sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [5]
  4. In this class, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass C12R. The indexing codes should be linked[3]
 C12C
BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials A23N; pitching or depitching machines, cellar tools C12L; propagating yeasts C12N 1/14; non-beverage ethanolic fermentation C12P 7/06)
 C12C 1/00
Preparation of malt
 C12C 1/02
·  Pretreatment of grains, e.g. washing, steeping
 C12C 1/04
·  Germinating; Drying
 C12C 1/06
·  ·  on single or multi-stage floors
 C12C 1/08
·  ·  in boxes or drums
 C12C 1/10
·  ·  Drying on fixed supports
 C12C 1/12
·  ·  Drying on moving supports
 C12C 1/14
·  Grain or malt turning apparatus
 C12C 1/16
·  After-treatment of malt, e.g. malt cleaning, detachment of the germ
 C12C 1/18
·  Preparation of malt extract or of special kinds of malt, e.g. caramel, black malt (malt products for use as foodstuffs A23L)
 C12C 3/00
Treatment of hops (hop extraction C12C 9/02)
 C12C 3/02
·  Drying
 C12C 3/04
·  Conserving; Storing; Packing
 C12C 5/00
Other raw materials for the preparation of beer
 C12C 5/02
·  Additives for beer
 C12C 5/04
·  ·  Colouring additives
 C12C 7/00
Preparation of wort (malt extract C12C 1/18)
 C12C 7/02
·  Mixing malt with water
 C12C 7/04
·  Preparation of the mash
 C12C 7/06
·  ·  Mashing apparatus
 C12C 7/08
·  ·  ·  with a horizontal stirrer shaft
 C12C 7/10
·  ·  ·  with a vertical stirrer shaft
 C12C 7/12
·  ·  Cooling devices for the mash
 C12C 7/14
·  Clarifying wort (Läuterung)
 C12C 7/16
·  ·  by straining
 C12C 7/18
·  After-treatment of wort, e.g. sterilisation
 C12C 9/00
Methods specially adapted for the making of beerwort
 C12C 9/02
·  Beerwort treatment; Boiling with hops; Hop extraction (brewing devices C12C 13/00)
 C12C 9/04
·  Clarifying beerwort between hop boiling and cooling
 C12C 9/06
·  Cooling beerwort; Clarifying beerwort during or after the cooling
 C12C 9/08
·  After-treatment
 C12C 11/00
Fermentation processes for beer (preparation of wine C12G 1/00)
 C12C 11/02
·  Pitching yeast
 C12C 11/04
·  Fermentation of beerwort
 C12C 11/06
·  Acidifying the wort for ethanolic fermentation
 C12C 13/00
Brewing devices  [3]
 C12C 13/02
·  Brew kettles  [3]
 C12C 13/04
·  ·  heated with steam  [3]
 C12C 13/06
·  ·  heated with fire  [3]