C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.

  1. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g. brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g. the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g. the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element of it; it has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g. the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g. after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.

  
CHEMISTRY
 C01
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (fermentation or enzyme-using processes for the preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide C12P 3/00; obtaining metal compounds from mixtures, e.g. ores, which are intermediate compounds in a metallurgical process for obtaining a free metal C21B, C22B; production of non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B)
 C01

Note(s)

  1. In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. Inventions relating to processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
    1. liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
    2. treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
    are further classified in subclass C12S[5]
 C01F
COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS (metal hydrides C01B 6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B 11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C01B 15/00; sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium C01B 17/42; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B 17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C01B 19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B 21/06; azides C01B 21/08; metal amides C01B 21/092; nitrites C01B 21/50; phosphides C01B 25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B 25/16; carbides C01B 31/30; compounds containing silicon C01B 33/00; compounds containing boron C01B 35/00; cyanides C01C 3/08; salts of cyanic acid C01C 3/14; salts of cyanamide C01C 3/16; thiocyanates C01C 3/20)
 C01F 1/00
Methods of preparing compounds of the metals beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, thorium, or the rare earths, in general
 C01F 3/00
Compounds of beryllium
 C01F 3/02
·  Oxides; Hydroxides  [3]
 C01F 5/00
Compounds of magnesium
 C01F 5/02
·  Magnesia
 C01F 5/04
·  ·  by oxidation of metallic magnesium
 C01F 5/06
·  ·  by thermal decomposition of magnesium compounds (calcining magnesite or dolomite C04B 2/10)
 C01F 5/08
·  ·  ·  by calcining magnesium hydroxide
 C01F 5/10
·  ·  ·  by thermal decomposition of magnesium chloride with water vapour
 C01F 5/12
·  ·  ·  by thermal decomposition of magnesium sulfate, with or without reduction
 C01F 5/14
·  Magnesium hydroxide
 C01F 5/16
·  ·  by treating magnesia, e.g. calcined dolomite, with water or solutions of salts not containing magnesium
 C01F 5/20
·  ·  by precipitation from solutions of magnesium salts with ammonia
 C01F 5/22
·  ·  from magnesium compounds with alkali hydroxides or alkaline-earth oxides or hydroxides
 C01F 5/24
·  Magnesium carbonates
 C01F 5/26
·  Magnesium halides
 C01F 5/28
·  ·  Fluorides
 C01F 5/30
·  ·  Chlorides
 C01F 5/32
·  ·  ·  Preparation of anhydrous magnesium chloride by chlorinating magnesium compounds
 C01F 5/34
·  ·  ·  Dehydrating magnesium chloride containing water of crystallisation
 C01F 5/36
·  ·  Bromides
 C01F 5/38
·  Magnesium nitrates
 C01F 5/40
·  Magnesium sulfates (double sulfates of magnesium with sodium or potassium C01D 5/12, with other alkali metals C01D 15/06, C01D 17/00)  [3]
 C01F 5/42
·  Magnesium sulfites
 C01F 7/00
Compounds of aluminium
 C01F 7/02
·  Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
 C01F 7/04
·  ·  Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
 C01F 7/06
·  ·  ·  by treating aluminous minerals with alkali hydroxide
 C01F 7/08
·  ·  ·  by treating aluminous minerals with sodium carbonate
 C01F 7/10
·  ·  ·  by treating aluminous minerals with alkali sulfates and reducing agents
 C01F 7/12
·  ·  ·  Alkali metal aluminates from alkaline-earth metal aluminates
 C01F 7/14
·  ·  ·  Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates
 C01F 7/16
·  ·  Preparation of alkaline-earth metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
 C01F 7/18
·  ·  ·  Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkaline-earth metal aluminates
 C01F 7/20
·  ·  Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from aluminous ores with acids or salts
 C01F 7/22
·  ·  ·  with halides
 C01F 7/24
·  ·  ·  with nitric acid or nitrogen oxides
 C01F 7/26
·  ·  ·  with sulfuric acids or sulfates
 C01F 7/28
·  ·  ·  with sulfurous acid
 C01F 7/30
·  ·  Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide by thermal decomposition of aluminium compounds
 C01F 7/32
·  ·  ·  of sulfates
 C01F 7/34
·  ·  Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
 C01F 7/36
·  ·  ·  from organic aluminium salts
 C01F 7/38
·  ·  Preparation of aluminium oxide by thermal reduction of aluminous minerals
 C01F 7/40
·  ·  ·  in the presence of aluminium sulfide
 C01F 7/42
·  ·  Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from metallic aluminium, e.g. by oxidation
 C01F 7/44
·  ·  Dehydration of aluminium hydroxide
 C01F 7/46
·  ·  Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates  [5]
 C01F 7/47
·  ·  ·  of aluminates  [5]
 C01F 7/48
·  Aluminium halides
 C01F 7/50
·  ·  Fluorides
 C01F 7/52
·  ·  ·  Double compounds containing both fluorine and other acid groups
 C01F 7/54
·  ·  ·  Double compounds containing both aluminium and alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals
 C01F 7/56
·  ·  Chlorides (containing fluorine C01F 7/52)  [3]
 C01F 7/58
·  ·  ·  Preparation of anhydrous aluminium chloride
 C01F 7/60
·  ·  ·  ·  from oxygen-containing aluminium compounds
 C01F 7/62
·  ·  ·  Purification
 C01F 7/64
·  ·  Bromides (containing fluorine C01F 7/52)  [3]
 C01F 7/66
·  Aluminium nitrates (containing fluorine C01F 7/52)  [3]
 C01F 7/68
·  Aluminium compounds containing sulfur (containing fluorine C01F 7/52)  [3]
 C01F 7/70
·  ·  Sulfides
 C01F 7/72
·  ·  Sulfites
 C01F 7/74
·  ·  Sulfates
 C01F 7/76
·  ·  ·  Double salts, e.g. alums
 C01F 11/00
Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium (C01F 7/00 takes precedence)  [3]
 C01F 11/02
·  Oxides or hydroxides (production of lime C04B 2/00)
 C01F 11/04
·  ·  by thermal decomposition
 C01F 11/06
·  ·  ·  of carbonates
 C01F 11/08
·  ·  by reduction of sulfates
 C01F 11/10
·  ·  from sulfides
 C01F 11/12
·  ·  from silicates
 C01F 11/16
·  ·  Purification
 C01F 11/18
·  Carbonates
 C01F 11/20
·  Halides
 C01F 11/22
·  ·  Fluorides
 C01F 11/24
·  ·  Chlorides
 C01F 11/26
·  ·  ·  from sulfides
 C01F 11/28
·  ·  ·  by chlorination of alkaline earth metal compounds
 C01F 11/30
·  ·  ·  Concentrating; Dehydrating; Preventing the adsorption of moisture or caking
 C01F 11/32
·  ·  ·  Purification
 C01F 11/34
·  ·  Bromides
 C01F 11/36
·  Nitrates
 C01F 11/38
·  ·  Preparation with nitric acid or nitrogen oxides
 C01F 11/40
·  ·  Preparation by double decomposition with nitrates
 C01F 11/42
·  ·  Double salts (with magnesium C01F 5/38)
 C01F 11/44
·  ·  Concentrating; Crystallising; Dehydrating; Preventing the adsorption of moisture or caking
 C01F 11/46
·  Sulfates (dehydration of gypsum C04B 11/02)
 C01F 11/48
·  Sulfites
 C01F 13/00
Compounds of radium
 C01F 15/00
Compounds of thorium
 C01F 17/00
Compounds of the rare-earth metals, i.e. scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, or the group of the lanthanides