|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

TRANSPORTING

|  | B60 |
VEHICLES IN GENERAL

|  | B60 |
Note(s) In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "vehicle" means all vehicles except those restricted to one of the following types of vehicles: rail vehicles, waterborne vessels, aircraft, space vehicles, hand carts, cycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and sledges, which are covered by the relevant subclasses of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61-B64. Thus the term "vehicle" includes: vehicular characteristics which are common to more than one of the above-listed types; certain characteristics restricted to automobiles, road or cross-country trailers. The following exceptions to the above should be noted: subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60B or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C embrace all vehicle wheels and tyres, except wheels for roller skates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63C 17/22, wheels for model railway vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63H 19/22, and special adaptations of wheels or tyres for aircraft Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64C 25/36; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C embraces the connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies in general, and in this respect it is not limited to vehicles; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L embraces certain electric equipment of all electrically-propelled vehicles; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60M embraces certain power supply equipment for, but external to, any kind of electrically-propelled vehicle; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60R embraces safety belts or body harnesses used in all types of land vehicles; [4] subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60S relates to all kinds of vehicles, except the servicing of rail locomotives Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61K 11/00, ground equipment for aircraft Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64F, or cleaning apparatus peculiar to waterborne vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 57/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 59/00; subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T includes brake control systems of general applicability, and in this respect it is not limited to vehicles. It also includes rail-vehicle power-brake systems and some other features of rail-vehicle brake systems.

|  | B60T |
VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS, OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL (electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L; brakes per se, i.e. devices where braking effect occurs, including ultimate brake actuators, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | B60T |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "brake control systems" includes brake control systems for vehicles or of general applicability.

|  | B60T 1/00 |
Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs

|  | B60T 1/02 |
· | acting by retarding wheels

|  | B60T 1/04 |
· · | acting directly on tread

|  | B60T 1/06 |
· · | acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission

|  | B60T 1/08 |
· · | using fluid or powdered medium

|  | B60T 1/087 |
· · · | in hydrodynamic, i.e. non-positive displacement, retarders [3]

|  | B60T 1/093 |
· · · | in hydrostatic, i.e. positive displacement, retarders [3]

|  | B60T 1/10 |
· · | by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors (using propulsion unit as braking means, see the relevant class)

|  | B60T 1/12 |
· | acting otherwise than by retarding wheels, e.g. jet- action

|  | B60T 1/14 |
· · | directly on road (portable devices, e.g. chocks, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 3/00)

|  | B60T 1/16 |
· · | by increasing air resistance, e.g. flaps

|  | B60T 3/00 |
Portable devices for preventing unwanted movement of vehicles, e.g. chocks

|  | B60T 5/00 |
Vehicle modifications to facilitate cooling of brakes

|  | B60T 7/00 - B60T 17/00 |
Brake control systems or parts thereof

|  | B60T 7/00 |
Brake-action initiating means

|  | B60T 7/02 |
· | for personal initiation

|  | B60T 7/04 |
· · | foot-actuated

|  | B60T 7/06 |
· · · | Disposition of pedal

|  | B60T 7/08 |
· · | hand-actuated

|  | B60T 7/10 |
· · · | Disposition of hand control

|  | B60T 7/12 |
· | for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger

|  | B60T 7/14 |
· · | operated upon collapse of driver (dead-man's devices for electrically-propelled vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L 3/02)

|  | B60T 7/16 |
· · | operated by remote control, i.e. initiating means not mounted on vehicle

|  | B60T 7/18 |
· · · | operated by wayside apparatus

|  | B60T 7/20 |
· · | specially for trailers, e.g. in case of uncoupling of trailer (inertia-actuated overrun brakes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/08)

|  | B60T 7/22 |
· · | initiated by contact of vehicle, e.g. bumper, with an external object, e.g. another vehicle [4]

|  | B60T 8/00 |
Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force (by changing number of effective brake cylinders in power brake systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 17/10)

|  | B60T 8/18 |
· | responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/30 takes precedence; responsive to weight and speed condition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/58) [4]

|  | B60T 8/20 |
· · | with stepwise control action

|  | B60T 8/22 |
· · | with continuous control action

|  | B60T 8/24 |
· | responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction, e.g. negotiating bends

|  | B60T 8/26 |
· | characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels

|  | B60T 8/28 |
· · | responsive to deceleration [4]

|  | B60T 8/30 |
· · | responsive to load [4]

|  | B60T 8/32 |
· | responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/28 takes precedence; electric devices on electrically propelled vehicles indicating the wheel slip Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L 3/10; measuring linear or angular speed per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P 3/00) [4]

|  | B60T 8/34 |
· · | having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition [4]

|  | B60T 8/36 |
· · · | including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force [4]

|  | B60T 8/38 |
· · · | including valve means of the relay or driver controlled type [4]

|  | B60T 8/40 |
· · · | comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system [4]

|  | B60T 8/42 |
· · · | having expanding chambers for controlling pressure [4]

|  | B60T 8/44 |
· · · | co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device [4]

|  | B60T 8/46 |
· · · | the pressure being reduced by exhausting fluid [4]

|  | B60T 8/48 |
· · · | connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure [4]

|  | B60T 8/50 |
· · · | having means for controlling the rate at which pressure is reapplied to the brake [4]

|  | B60T 8/52 |
· · | Torque sensing, i.e. wherein the braking action is controlled by forces producing or tending to produce a twisting or rotating motion on a braked rotating member [4]

|  | B60T 8/54 |
· · | by mechanical means [4]

|  | B60T 8/56 |
· · | having means for changing the coefficient of friction [4]

|  | B60T 8/58 |
· · | responsive to speed and another condition or to plural speed conditions [4]

|  | B60T 8/58 |
Note(s) In this group, a single condition which is itself responsive to, or representative of, another single condition is not regarded as plural conditions. [4]

|  | B60T 8/60 |
· · · | using electrical circuitry for controlling the braking action, the circuitry deriving a control function relating to the dynamic of the braked vehicle or wheel [4]

|  | B60T 8/62 |
· · · · | wherein the individual vehicle wheels are provided (i) with self-contained braking systems operating the individual wheels in accordance with its dynamic state or (ii) with a central processing unit which receives input from individual wheels or wheel groups and produces a plurality of control signals for separately operating individual wheels or groups of wheels [4]

|  | B60T 8/64 |
· · · · | wherein the controlled braking action is characterised by the manner in which the braking fluid pressure is reduced or reapplied [4]

|  | B60T 8/66 |
· · · · | wherein the braking action is responsive to the difference between a computed or other theoretical vehicle speed and an actual speed of a wheel thereof [4]

|  | B60T 8/68 |
· · · · · | wherein the braking action is controlled by a difference between the rate of change of vehicle velocity and the rate of change of wheel velocity [4]

|  | B60T 8/70 |
· · · · · | sensing both acceleration and deceleration of either the vehicle or the wheel [4]

|  | B60T 8/72 |
· · | responsive to a difference between a speed condition, e.g. deceleration, and a fixed reference (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/66 takes precedence) [4]

|  | B60T 8/74 |
· · · | sensing a rate of change of velocity [4]

|  | B60T 8/76 |
· · · | two or more sensing means from different wheels indicative of the same type of speed condition [4]

|  | B60T 8/78 |
· · · | using electrical circuitry for controlling the braking action, the circuitry deriving a control function relating to the dynamics of the braked vehicle or wheel [4]

|  | B60T 8/80 |
· · · · | means sensing a rate of change of velocity [4]

|  | B60T 8/82 |
· · · · | two or more sensing means from different wheels indicative of the same type of speed condition [4]

|  | B60T 8/84 |
· · · · | wherein two wheels or wheel groups are controlled in dependence on the behaviour of a reference wheel or wheel group, with means for changing the reference wheel, e.g. "select high, select low" operation [4]

|  | B60T 8/86 |
· · | wherein the brakes are automatically applied in accordance with a speed condition and having means for overriding the automatic braking device when a skid condition occurs [4]

|  | B60T 8/88 |
· · | with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means [4]

|  | B60T 8/90 |
· · · | using a simulated speed signal to test speed responsive control means [4]

|  | B60T 8/92 |
· · · | automatically taking corrective action [4]

|  | B60T 8/94 |
· · · · | on a fluid pressure regulator [4]

|  | B60T 8/96 |
· · · · | on speed responsive control means [4]

|  | B60T 10/00 |
Control or regulation for continuous braking making use of fluid or powdered medium, e.g. for use when descending a long slope [4]

|  | B60T 10/02 |
· | with hydrodynamic brake [4]

|  | B60T 10/04 |
· | with hydrostatic brake [4]

|  | B60T 11/00 |
Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant (the power assistance or drive being essential Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/00) [5]

|  | B60T 11/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/00 )

|  | B60T 11/04 |
· | transmitting mechanically [5]

|  | B60T 11/06 |
· · | Equalising arrangements [5]

|  | B60T 11/08 |
· · | providing variable leverage [5]

|  | B60T 11/10 |
· | transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic [5]

|  | B60T 11/12 |
· · | the transmitted force being varied therein (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/16-B60T 11/28 take precedence) [5]

|  | B60T 11/14 |
· · | the transmitted force being substantially unchanged [5]

|  | B60T 11/16 |
· · | Master control, e.g. master cylinders (master cylinders associated with vacuum boosters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/565) [5]

|  | B60T 11/18 |
· · · | Connection thereof to initiating means [5]

|  | B60T 11/20 |
· · · | Tandem, side-by-side, or other multiple master-cylinder units [5]

|  | B60T 11/21 |
· · · · | with two pedals operating on respective circuits, pressures therein being equalised when both pedals are operated together, e.g. for steering (steering non-deflectable wheels or endless tracks by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides using brakes as main steering effecting means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62D 11/08) [5]

|  | B60T 11/22 |
· · · | characterised by being integral with reservoir [5]

|  | B60T 11/224 |
· · · | with pressure-varying means, e.g. with two stage operation provided by use of different piston diameters including continuous variation from one diameter to another [5]

|  | B60T 11/228 |
· · · | Pressure-maintaining arrangements, e.g. for replenishing the master cylinder chamber with fluid from a reservoir (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/232 takes precedence) [5]

|  | B60T 11/232 |
· · · | Recuperation valves [5]

|  | B60T 11/236 |
· · · | Piston sealing arrangements [5]

|  | B60T 11/24 |
· · | Single initiating means operating on more than one circuit, e.g. dual circuits (multiple master-cylinder units Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/20) [5]

|  | B60T 11/26 |
· · | Reservoirs (integral with master controls Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/22) [5]

|  | B60T 11/28 |
· · | Valves specially adapted therefor (recuperation valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/232) [5]

|  | B60T 11/30 |
· · · | Bleed valves for hydraulic brake systems [5]

|  | B60T 11/32 |
· · · | Automatic cut-off valves for defective pipes [5]

|  | B60T 11/34 |
· · · | Pressure-reducing or limiting valves [5]

|  | B60T 13/00 |
Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems (arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/00; valves incorporated in such systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 15/00)

|  | B60T 13/02 |
· | with mechanical assistance or drive

|  | B60T 13/04 |
· · | by spring or weight (fluid-released Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/10)

|  | B60T 13/06 |
· · | by inertia, e.g. flywheel

|  | B60T 13/08 |
· · · | Overrun brakes (automatic brake-action initiating means specially for trailers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 7/20)

|  | B60T 13/10 |
· | with fluid assistance, drive, or release

|  | B60T 13/12 |
· · | the fluid being liquid

|  | B60T 13/14 |
· · · | using accumulators or reservoirs

|  | B60T 13/16 |
· · · | using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs

|  | B60T 13/18 |
· · · · | with control of pump output delivery

|  | B60T 13/20 |
· · · · | with control of pump driving means

|  | B60T 13/22 |
· · · | Brakes applied by springs or weights and released hydraulically

|  | B60T 13/24 |
· · | the fluid being gaseous

|  | B60T 13/26 |
· · · | Compressed-air systems

|  | B60T 13/36 |
· · · · | direct, i.e. brakes applied directly by compressed air

|  | B60T 13/38 |
· · · · | Brakes applied by springs or weights and released by compressed air

|  | B60T 13/40 |
· · · · | indirect, i.e. compressed-air booster units

|  | B60T 13/42 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/40 )

|  | B60T 13/44 |
· · · · · | with two-chamber booster units

|  | B60T 13/45 |
· · · · · | with multiple booster units, e.g. tandem booster units [5]

|  | B60T 13/46 |
· · · | Vacuum systems

|  | B60T 13/48 |
· · · · | direct, i.e. brakes applied directly by vacuum

|  | B60T 13/50 |
· · · · | Brakes applied by springs or weights and released by vacuum

|  | B60T 13/52 |
· · · · | indirect, i.e. vacuum booster units

|  | B60T 13/54 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/52 )

|  | B60T 13/56 |
· · · · · | with two-chamber booster units

|  | B60T 13/563 |
· · · · · | with multiple booster units, e.g. tandem booster units [5]

|  | B60T 13/565 |
· · · · · | characterised by being associated with master cylinders, e.g. integrally formed [5]

|  | B60T 13/567 |
· · · · · | characterised by constructional features of the casing or by its strengthening or mounting arrangements [5]

|  | B60T 13/569 |
· · · · · | characterised by piston details, e.g. construction, mounting of diaphragm [5]

|  | B60T 13/57 |
· · · · · | characterised by constructional features of control valves [5]

|  | B60T 13/573 |
· · · · · | characterised by reaction devices [5]

|  | B60T 13/575 |
· · · · · · | using resilient discs or pads [5]

|  | B60T 13/577 |
· · · · · · | using levers [5]

|  | B60T 13/58 |
· · | Combined or convertible systems

|  | B60T 13/60 |
· · · | both fluid pressure and vacuum

|  | B60T 13/62 |
· · · | both straight and automatic

|  | B60T 13/64 |
· · · | both single and multiple, e.g. single and tandem

|  | B60T 13/66 |
· · | Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems

|  | B60T 13/68 |
· · · | by electrically-controlled valves

|  | B60T 13/70 |
· · · | by fluid-controlled switches

|  | B60T 13/72 |
· · · | in vacuum systems

|  | B60T 13/74 |
· | with electrical assistance or drive

|  | B60T 15/00 |
Construction, arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 11/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/00 (valve structures responsive to a speed condition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/34; connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C 29/00) [4]

|  | B60T 15/02 |
· | Application and release valves

|  | B60T 15/04 |
· · | Driver's valves

|  | B60T 15/06 |
· · · | Single driver's valves for pressure brakes without automatic control

|  | B60T 15/08 |
· · · | Driver's valves for pressure brakes having automatic control (automatic initiation of braking per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 7/12)

|  | B60T 15/10 |
· · · | for vacuum brakes

|  | B60T 15/12 |
· · · | combined with relay valves or the like

|  | B60T 15/14 |
· · · | influencing electric control means

|  | B60T 15/16 |
· · · | Arrangements enabling systems to be controlled from two or more positions

|  | B60T 15/18 |
· · | Triple or other relay valves which allow step-wise application or release and which are actuated by brake-pipe pressure variation to connect brake cylinders or equivalent to compressed-air or vacuum source or atmosphere

|  | B60T 15/20 |
· · · | controlled by two fluid pressures

|  | B60T 15/22 |
· · · · | with one or more auxiliary valves, for braking, releasing, filling reservoirs

|  | B60T 15/24 |
· · · | controlled by three fluid pressures

|  | B60T 15/26 |
· · · · | without a quick braking action

|  | B60T 15/28 |
· · · · · | and having auxiliary valves

|  | B60T 15/30 |
· · · · | with a quick braking action

|  | B60T 15/32 |
· · · · · | and having auxiliary valves

|  | B60T 15/34 |
· · · | controlled alternatively by two or three fluid pressures

|  | B60T 15/36 |
· · | Other control devices or valves characterised by definite functions

|  | B60T 15/38 |
· · · | for quick take-up and heavy braking, e.g. with auxiliary reservoir for taking-up slack

|  | B60T 15/40 |
· · · · | with separate take-up and applying cylinders

|  | B60T 15/42 |
· · · | with a quick braking action, i.e. with accelerating valves actuated by brake-pipe pressure variation

|  | B60T 15/44 |
· · · · | and operating independently of the main control device

|  | B60T 15/46 |
· · · | for retarding braking action to prevent rear vehicles of a vehicle train from overtaking the forward ones

|  | B60T 15/48 |
· · · | for filling reservoirs

|  | B60T 15/50 |
· · · · | with means for limiting or relieving pressure in reservoirs

|  | B60T 15/52 |
· · · | for quick release of brakes, e.g. for influencing counter-pressure in triple valve or recirculating air from reservoir or brake cylinder to brake pipe

|  | B60T 15/54 |
· · · | for controlling exhaust from triple valve or from brake cylinder

|  | B60T 15/56 |
· · · | for filling reservoirs by means of a secondary supply pipe

|  | B60T 15/58 |
· · · | for supplying control impulses through a secondary air pipe

|  | B60T 15/60 |
· · · | for releasing or applying brakes when vehicles of a vehicle train are uncoupled

|  | B60T 17/00 |
Component parts, details, or accessories of brake systems not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 8/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 13/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T 15/00, or presenting other characteristic features (air compressors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04) [4]

|  | B60T 17/02 |
· | Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor

|  | B60T 17/04 |
· | Arrangement of piping, valves in the piping, e.g. cut-off valves, couplings or air hoses (traction couplings involving joints for supply lines, electric circuits, or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60D 1/62; couplings peculiar to railway vehicles for, or combined with, couplings or connectors for fluid conduits or electric cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61G 5/06; pipes, cut-off valves, couplings, air hoses per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L) [4]

|  | B60T 17/06 |
· | Applications or arrangements of reservoirs

|  | B60T 17/08 |
· | Brake cylinders other than ultimate actuators (with built-in wear-compensating mechanisms, ultimate actuators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | B60T 17/10 |
· · | Two or more cylinders acting on the same brake with means for rendering them effective selectively or successively, the number of effective cylinders being variable

|  | B60T 17/12 |
· · · | according to vehicle weight

|  | B60T 17/14 |
· · · | according to vehicle speed

|  | B60T 17/16 |
· · | Locking of brake cylinders

|  | B60T 17/18 |
· | Safety devices; Monitoring

|  | B60T 17/20 |
· · | Safety devices operable by passengers other than the driver

|  | B60T 17/22 |
· · | Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices