|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SEPARATING; MIXING

|  | B01 - B09 |
Note(s) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations. In this sub-section, the separation of different materials, e.g. of different matter, size, or state, is predominantly found in the following subclasses: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C. The classifying characteristics of these subclasses are: the physical state of the matter to be separated; the principle of the process used; particular kinds of apparatus. The first of these characteristics involves six different aspects, assembled in three groups: liquid/liquid or liquid/gas and gas/gas; solid/liquid or solid/gas; solid/solid. These subclasses are to be used according to the following general rules: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D is the most general class as far as separation other than solids from solids is concerned. Apparatus for separating solids from solids are covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B when the process concerned is regarded as the equivalent of ''washing'' in the sense of the mining art, even if such apparatus is a pneumatic one, especially pneumatic tables or jigs. Screens per se are not covered by this subclass but are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B, even if they are being used in a wet process. All other apparatus for the separation of solids from solids according to dry methods are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B. If the separation takes place as a result of the detection or measurement of some feature of the material or articles to be sorted it is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C. It should also be noted that the separation of isotopes of the same chemical element is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00, whatever process or apparatus is employed. The following scheme illustrates the classification according to these rules.

|  | B01 |
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | B01J |
CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS (processes or apparatus for specific applications, see the relevant places for these processes or apparatus, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B 3/08) [2]

|  | B01J |
Note(s) In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "solid particles" includes such particles whether catalysts, reactants or inert in solid, semi-solid or pasty state; [2] "fluidised particles" means finely divided solid particles lifted and agitated by a stream of fluid; [2] "fluidised-bed technique" means fluid-solid contacting technique in which finely divided particles are lifted and agitated by a rising stream of fluid, said stream having such a speed as to form a lower dense phase (the "bed") and an upper dilute fluidised phase of "fluidised particles"; [2] "processes conducted in the presence of solid particles" does not include processes wherein the only solid particles present are formed during the reaction. [3]

|  | B01J 2/00 |
Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general (granulating metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22F 9/00, slag Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 5/02, ores or scrap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 1/14; mechanical aspects of working of plastics or substances in a plastic state to make granules Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29B 9/00; processes for granulating fertilisers characterised by their chemical constitution, see the relevant groups in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B-C05G; chemical aspects of powdering or granulating of macromolecular substances Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08J 3/12); Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic [4]

|  | B01J 2/02 |
· | by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops (evaporating by spraying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/16)

|  | B01J 2/04 |
· · | in a gaseous medium

|  | B01J 2/06 |
· · | in a liquid medium

|  | B01J 2/08 |
· · · | Gelation of a colloidal solution

|  | B01J 2/10 |
· | in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances

|  | B01J 2/12 |
· | in rotating drums

|  | B01J 2/14 |
· | in rotating dishes or pans

|  | B01J 2/16 |
· | by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain

|  | B01J 2/18 |
· | using a vibrating apparatus

|  | B01J 2/20 |
· | by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length

|  | B01J 2/22 |
· | by pressing in moulds or between rollers

|  | B01J 2/24 |
· | Obtaining flakes by scraping a solid layer from a surface

|  | B01J 2/26 |
· | on endless conveyer belts

|  | B01J 2/28 |
· | using special binding agents

|  | B01J 2/30 |
· | using agents to prevent the granules sticking together; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic [4]

|  | B01J 3/00 |
Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor (apparatus for compacting or sintering of metal powders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22F 3/00; pressure vessels in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J 12/00; pressure vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquefied or solidified gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17C; pressure vessels for nuclear reactors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C) [2]

|  | B01J 3/02 |
· | Feed or outlet devices therefor

|  | B01J 3/03 |
· | Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor [3]

|  | B01J 3/04 |
· | Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves [2]

|  | B01J 3/06 |
· | Processes using ultra high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds, dies (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/04 takes precedence; presses in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B) [2]

|  | B01J 3/08 |
· · | Application of shock waves for chemical reactions or for modifying the crystal structure of substances (blasting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F42D) [3]

|  | B01J 4/00 |
Feed devices; Feed or outlet regulating devices (feed or outlet devices for pressure vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/02)

|  | B01J 4/02 |
· | for feeding measured quantities of reagents

|  | B01J 4/04 |
· | using osmotic pressure [4]

|  | B01J 6/00 |
Calcining; Fusing

|  | B01J 7/00 |
Apparatus for generating gases (production of inert gas mixtures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/14; for generating specific gases, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10J)

|  | B01J 7/02 |
· | by wet methods

|  | B01J 8/00 |
Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes (processes or devices for granulating material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00; furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B) [2]

|  | B01J 8/02 |
· | with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds [2]

|  | B01J 8/04 |
· · | the fluid passing successively through two or more beds [2]

|  | B01J 8/06 |
· · | in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes [2]

|  | B01J 8/08 |
· | with moving particles (with fluidised particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/18) [2]

|  | B01J 8/10 |
· · | moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles [2]

|  | B01J 8/12 |
· · | moved by gravity in a downward flow [2]

|  | B01J 8/14 |
· · | moving in free vortex flow apparatus (free vortex flow apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C) [2]

|  | B01J 8/16 |
· | with particles being subjected to vibrations or pulsations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/40 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01J 8/18 |
· | with fluidised particles [2]

|  | B01J 8/20 |
· · | with liquid as a fluidising medium [2]

|  | B01J 8/22 |
· · · | gas being introduced into the liquid [2]

|  | B01J 8/24 |
· · | according to "fluidised-bed" technique (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/20 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01J 8/26 |
· · · | with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations [2]

|  | B01J 8/28 |
· · · · | the one above the other [2]

|  | B01J 8/30 |
· · · · · | the edge of a lower bed projecting beyond the edge of the superjacent bed [2]

|  | B01J 8/32 |
· · · | with introduction into the fluidised bed of more than one kind of moving particles [2]

|  | B01J 8/34 |
· · · | with stationary packing material in the fluidised bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles [2]

|  | B01J 8/36 |
· · · | with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles [2]

|  | B01J 8/38 |
· · · | with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation [2]

|  | B01J 8/40 |
· · · | with fluidised bed subjected to vibrations or pulsations [2]

|  | B01J 8/42 |
· · · | with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations [2]

|  | B01J 8/44 |
· · · | Fluidisation grids [2]

|  | B01J 8/46 |
· · · | for treatment of endless filamentary, band or sheet material [2]

|  | B01J 10/00 |
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08 takes precedence; separation, e.g. distillation, also combined with chemical reactions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D) [3]

|  | B01J 10/02 |
· | of the thin-film type [3]

|  | B01J 12/00 |
Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08 take precedence) [3]

|  | B01J 12/02 |
· | for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state [3]

|  | B01J 13/00 |
Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons (use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing or foam producing agents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01F 17/00)

|  | B01J 13/02 |
· | Making microcapsules or microballoons

|  | B01J 13/04 |
· · | by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying [5]

|  | B01J 13/06 |
· · | by phase separation [5]

|  | B01J 13/08 |
· · · | Simple coacervation, i.e. addition of highly hydrophilic material [5]

|  | B01J 13/10 |
· · · | Complex coacervation, i.e. interaction of oppositely charged particles [5]

|  | B01J 13/12 |
· · · | removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution [5]

|  | B01J 13/14 |
· · · | Polymerisation, crosslinking [5]

|  | B01J 13/16 |
· · · · | Interfacial polymerisation [5]

|  | B01J 13/18 |
· · · · | In situ polymerisation with all reactants being present in the same phase [5]

|  | B01J 13/20 |
· · | After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening [5]

|  | B01J 13/22 |
· · · | Coating [5]

|  | B01J 14/00 |
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with liquids; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08 take precedence) [3]

|  | B01J 15/00 |
Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B01J 16/00 |
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B01J 19/00 |
Chemical, physical, or physico-chemical processes in general (physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or fibrous goods made from such materials, see the relevant places for such treatment, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06M 10/00); Their relevant apparatus (packings, fillings or grids specially adapted for biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 3/10; splashing boards or grids specially adapted for trickle coolers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F 25/08) [3]

|  | B01J 19/02 |
· | Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties (refractory details of furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D) [3]

|  | B01J 19/06 |
· | Solidifying liquids (making micro-capsules Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 13/02) [3]

|  | B01J 19/08 |
· | Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor (application of shock waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/08; generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations for performing mechanical work in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B06B; generating or handling plasma Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05H 1/00) [3]

|  | B01J 19/10 |
· · | employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations (for auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 51/08; for cleaning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 3/12) [3]

|  | B01J 19/12 |
· · | employing electromagnetic waves [3]

|  | B01J 19/14 |
· | Production of inert gas mixtures; Use of inert gases in general (apparatus for generating gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 7/00; separation of gases or vapours Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/00) [3]

|  | B01J 19/16 |
· | Preventing evaporation or oxidation of non-metallic liquids by applying a floating layer, e.g. of micro-balloons [3]

|  | B01J 19/18 |
· | Stationary reactors having moving elements inside (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/26 take precedence) [3]

|  | B01J 19/20 |
· · | in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors (thin-film reactors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 10/02) [3]

|  | B01J 19/22 |
· · | in the form of endless belts [3]

|  | B01J 19/24 |
· | Stationary reactors without moving elements inside (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/02) [3]

|  | B01J 19/26 |
· | Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles [3]

|  | B01J 19/28 |
· | Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 19/08 takes precedence; centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; rotary drum furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 7/00) [3]

|  | B01J 19/30 |
· | Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer [5]

|  | B01J 19/32 |
· | Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer [5]

|  | B01J 20/00 - B01J 38/00 |
Solid sorbent compositions; Filter aid compositions; Catalysts [3]

|  | B01J 20/00 - B01J 37/00 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/00-B01J 31/00, metal salts having an anion composed of metal and oxygen only, e.g. molybdates, are considered as chemically bound mixtures of the component metal oxides. [2,5] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/00-B01J 38/00, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "catalyst" covers also a carrier forming part of the catalyst. [2,5] Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of section C. [2] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/00-B01J 38/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [2,5] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/00-B01J 38/00, if a carrier is considered of interest, further classification is made in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 32/00. [4] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/00-B01J 31/00, if a regeneration or reactivation process is considered of interest, further classification is made in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 38/00. [4] Classification of the: carriers; forms or physical properties; preparation or activation; regeneration or reactivation of catalysts according to more than one of main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/00-B01J 31/00 is made in the following general groups: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 32/00 for such carriers; Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 35/00 for such forms or physical properties; Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 37/00 for such preparation or activation; Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 38/00 for such regeneration or reactivation. [4,5] Pure compounds or elements, or their recovery from solid sorbent compositions, filter aid compositions, or catalysts, are classified in the appropriate subclass for chemical compounds or elements. However, when it is explicitly stated that the pure compound or element, in a particular form, is especially useful as a solid sorbent, filter aid, or catalyst, it is further classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 35/00. [2]

|  | B01J 20/00 |
Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof (use of sorbent compositions in liquid separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/00, use of filter aid compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 37/02; use of sorbent compositions in gas separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/14; sorbent materials for column chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 30/48) [3]

|  | B01J 20/02 |
· | comprising inorganic material [3]

|  | B01J 20/04 |
· · | comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium [3]

|  | B01J 20/06 |
· · | comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/04 [3]

|  | B01J 20/08 |
· · · | comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite [3]

|  | B01J 20/10 |
· · | comprising silica or silicate [3]

|  | B01J 20/12 |
· · · | Naturally occuring clays or bleaching earth [3]

|  | B01J 20/14 |
· · · | Diatomaceous earth [3]

|  | B01J 20/16 |
· · · | Alumino-silicates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 20/12 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B01J 20/18 |
· · · · | Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves [3]

|  | B01J 20/20 |
· · | comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes (active carbon Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 31/08) [3]

|  | B01J 20/22 |
· | comprising organic material [3]

|  | B01J 20/24 |
· · | Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives [3]

|  | B01J 20/26 |
· · | Synthetic macromolecular compounds [3]

|  | B01J 20/28 |
· | characterised by their form or physical properties [3]

|  | B01J 20/30 |
· | Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating [3]

|  | B01J 20/32 |
· · | Impregnating or coating [3]

|  | B01J 20/34 |
· · | Regenerating or reactivating [3]

|  | B01J 21/00 |
Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium [2]

|  | B01J 21/02 |
· | Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof [2]

|  | B01J 21/04 |
· · | Alumina [2]

|  | B01J 21/06 |
· | Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof [2]

|  | B01J 21/08 |
· · | Silica [2]

|  | B01J 21/10 |
· | Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof [2]

|  | B01J 21/12 |
· | Silica and alumina [2]

|  | B01J 21/14 |
· | Silica and magnesia [2]

|  | B01J 21/16 |
· | Clays or other mineral silicates [2]

|  | B01J 21/18 |
· | Carbon [2]

|  | B01J 21/20 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 23/00 |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/00 (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/16 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01J 23/02 |
· | of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium [2]

|  | B01J 23/04 |
· · | Alkali metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/06 |
· | of zinc, cadmium or mercury [2]

|  | B01J 23/08 |
· | of gallium, indium or thallium [2]

|  | B01J 23/10 |
· | of rare earths [2]

|  | B01J 23/12 |
· | of actinides [2]

|  | B01J 23/14 |
· | of germanium, tin or lead [2]

|  | B01J 23/16 |
· | of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/18 |
· · | Arsenic, antimony or bismuth [2]

|  | B01J 23/20 |
· · | Vanadium, niobium or tantalum [2]

|  | B01J 23/22 |
· · · | Vanadium [2]

|  | B01J 23/24 |
· · | Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten [2]

|  | B01J 23/26 |
· · · | Chromium [2]

|  | B01J 23/28 |
· · · | Molybdenum [2]

|  | B01J 23/30 |
· · · | Tungsten [2]

|  | B01J 23/31 |
· · · | combined with bismuth [3]

|  | B01J 23/32 |
· · | Manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/34 |
· · · | Manganese [2]

|  | B01J 23/36 |
· · · | Rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/38 |
· | of noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/40 |
· · | of the platinum group metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/42 |
· · · | Platinum [2]

|  | B01J 23/44 |
· · · | Palladium [2]

|  | B01J 23/46 |
· · · | Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium [2]

|  | B01J 23/48 |
· · | Silver or gold [2]

|  | B01J 23/50 |
· · · | Silver [2]

|  | B01J 23/52 |
· · · | Gold [2]

|  | B01J 23/54 |
· · | combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 23/02-B01J 23/36 [2]

|  | B01J 23/56 |
· · · | Platinum group metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/58 |
· · · · | with alkali- or alkaline earth metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/60 |
· · · · | with zinc, cadmium or mercury [2]

|  | B01J 23/62 |
· · · · | with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead [2]

|  | B01J 23/64 |
· · · · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/66 |
· · · | Silver or gold [2]

|  | B01J 23/68 |
· · · · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/70 |
· | of the iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 23/72 |
· · | Copper [2]

|  | B01J 23/74 |
· · | Iron group metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/76 |
· · | combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 23/02-B01J 23/36 [2]

|  | B01J 23/78 |
· · · | with alkali- or alkaline earth metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/80 |
· · · | with zinc, cadmium or mercury [2]

|  | B01J 23/82 |
· · · | with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead [2]

|  | B01J 23/84 |
· · · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/85 |
· · · · | Chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten [3]

|  | B01J 23/86 |
· · · · · | Chromium [2,3]

|  | B01J 23/88 |
· · · · · | Molybdenum [2,3]

|  | B01J 23/89 |
· · | combined with noble metals [3]

|  | B01J 23/90 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 23/92 |
· · | of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 23/02-B01J 23/36 [2]

|  | B01J 23/94 |
· · | of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 23/96 |
· · | of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 25/00 |
Catalysts of the Raney type [2]

|  | B01J 25/02 |
· | Raney nickel [2]

|  | B01J 25/04 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 27/00 |
Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds [4]

|  | B01J 27/00 |
Note(s) Metal catalysts or metal oxide catalysts activated or conditioned by halogens, sulfur or phosphorus, or compounds thereof are classified in the appropriate groups for metal catalysts or metal oxide catalysts. [2,5]

|  | B01J 27/02 |
· | Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof [4]

|  | B01J 27/04 |
· · | Sulfides [2]

|  | B01J 27/043 |
· · · | with iron group metals or platinum group metals [4]

|  | B01J 27/045 |
· · · · | Platinum group metals [4]

|  | B01J 27/047 |
· · · | with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium [4]

|  | B01J 27/049 |
· · · · | with iron group metals or platinum group metals [4]

|  | B01J 27/051 |
· · · · | Molybdenum [4]

|  | B01J 27/053 |
· · | Sulfates [4]

|  | B01J 27/055 |
· · · | with alkali metals, copper, gold or silver [4]

|  | B01J 27/057 |
· · | Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof [4]

|  | B01J 27/06 |
· | Halogens; Compounds thereof [4]

|  | B01J 27/08 |
· · | Halides [2]

|  | B01J 27/10 |
· · · | Chlorides [2]

|  | B01J 27/12 |
· · · | Fluorides [2]

|  | B01J 27/122 |
· · · | of copper [4]

|  | B01J 27/125 |
· · | with scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium [4]

|  | B01J 27/128 |
· · | with iron group metals or platinum group metals [4]

|  | B01J 27/13 |
· · · | Platinum group metals [4]

|  | B01J 27/132 |
· · | with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium [4]

|  | B01J 27/135 |
· · | with titanium, zirconium, hafnium, germanium, tin or lead [4]

|  | B01J 27/138 |
· · | with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury [4]

|  | B01J 27/14 |
· | Phosphorus; Compounds thereof [4]

|  | B01J 27/16 |
· · | containing oxygen [2]

|  | B01J 27/18 |
· · · | with metals [2]

|  | B01J 27/182 |
· · | with silicon [4]

|  | B01J 27/185 |
· · | with iron group metals or platinum group metals [4]

|  | B01J 27/186 |
· · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [5]

|  | B01J 27/187 |
· · · | with manganese, technetium or rhenium [5]

|  | B01J 27/188 |
· · · | with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium [4,5]

|  | B01J 27/19 |
· · · · | Molybdenum [4,5]

|  | B01J 27/192 |
· · · · · | with bismuth [4,5]

|  | B01J 27/195 |
· · · | with vanadium, niobium or tantalum [4,5]

|  | B01J 27/198 |
· · · · | Vanadium [4,5]

|  | B01J 27/199 |
· · · · · | with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium [5]

|  | B01J 27/20 |
· | Carbon compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/22 |
· · | Carbides [2]

|  | B01J 27/224 |
· · · | Silicon carbide [4]

|  | B01J 27/228 |
· · · · | with phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or bismuth [4]

|  | B01J 27/232 |
· · | Carbonates [4]

|  | B01J 27/236 |
· · · | Hydroxy carbonates [4]

|  | B01J 27/24 |
· | Nitrogen compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/25 |
· · | Nitrates [4]

|  | B01J 27/26 |
· · | Cyanides [2]

|  | B01J 27/28 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 27/30 |
· · | of catalysts comprising of sulfur, selenium or tellurium [2]

|  | B01J 27/32 |
· · | of catalysts comprising compounds of halogens [2]

|  | B01J 29/00 |
Catalysts comprising molecular sieves [2]

|  | B01J 29/02 |
· | Synthetic non-zeolitic molecular sieves [2]

|  | B01J 29/04 |
· | Zeolitic molecular sieves [2]

|  | B01J 29/06 |
· · | Alumino-silicates [2]

|  | B01J 29/08 |
· · · | of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y [2]

|  | B01J 29/10 |
· · · · | containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/12 |
· · · · · | Noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 29/14 |
· · · · · | Iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/16 |
· · · · | containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 29/18 |
· · · | of the mordenite type [2]

|  | B01J 29/20 |
· · · · | containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/22 |
· · · · · | Noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 29/24 |
· · · · · | Iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/26 |
· · · · | containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 29/28 |
· · · | Alumino-silicates not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 29/08-B01J 29/26 [2]

|  | B01J 29/30 |
· · · · | containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/32 |
· · · · · | Noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 29/34 |
· · · · · | Iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/36 |
· · · · | containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 29/38 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 31/00 |
Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds (catalyst compositions used only in polymerisation reactions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08) [2]

|  | B01J 31/00 |
Note(s) In this group, the presence of water is disregarded for classification purposes. [2]

|  | B01J 31/02 |
· | containing organic compounds or metal hydrides [2]

|  | B01J 31/04 |
· · | containing carboxylic acids or their salts [2]

|  | B01J 31/06 |
· · | containing polymers [2]

|  | B01J 31/08 |
· · · | Ion-exchange resins [2]

|  | B01J 31/10 |
· · · · | sulfonated [2]

|  | B01J 31/12 |
· · | containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides [2]

|  | B01J 31/14 |
· · · | of aluminium or boron [2]

|  | B01J 31/16 |
· | containing coordination complexes [2]

|  | B01J 31/18 |
· · | containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony [2]

|  | B01J 31/20 |
· · | Carbonyls [2]

|  | B01J 31/22 |
· · | Organic complexes [2]

|  | B01J 31/24 |
· · | Phosphines [2]

|  | B01J 31/26 |
· | containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 31/02-B01J 31/24 [2]

|  | B01J 31/28 |
· · | of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 31/30 |
· · · | Halides [2]

|  | B01J 31/32 |
· · | of manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 31/34 |
· · | of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten [2]

|  | B01J 31/36 |
· · | of vanadium, niobium or tantalum [2]

|  | B01J 31/38 |
· · | of titanium, zirconium or hafnium [2]

|  | B01J 31/40 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 32/00 |
Catalyst carriers in general [4]

|  | B01J 33/00 |
Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating [2]

|  | B01J 35/00 |
Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties [2]

|  | B01J 35/02 |
· | Solids [2]

|  | B01J 35/04 |
· · | Foraminous structures, sieves, grids, honeycombs [2]

|  | B01J 35/06 |
· · | Fabrics or filaments [2]

|  | B01J 35/08 |
· · | Spheres [2]

|  | B01J 35/10 |
· · | characterised by their surface properties or porosity [2]

|  | B01J 35/12 |
· | Liquids or melts [2]

|  | B01J 37/00 |
Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts [4]

|  | B01J 37/02 |
· | Impregnation, coating or precipitation (protecting by coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 33/00) [2]

|  | B01J 37/03 |
· · | Precipitation; Co-precipitation [4]

|  | B01J 37/04 |
· | Mixing [2]

|  | B01J 37/06 |
· | Washing [2]

|  | B01J 37/08 |
· | Heat treatment [2]

|  | B01J 37/10 |
· · | in the presence of water, e.g. steam [2]

|  | B01J 37/12 |
· | Oxidising [2]

|  | B01J 37/14 |
· · | with gases containing free oxygen [2]

|  | B01J 37/16 |
· | Reducing [2]

|  | B01J 37/18 |
· · | with gases containing free hydrogen [2]

|  | B01J 37/20 |
· | Sulfiding [2]

|  | B01J 37/22 |
· | Halogenating [2]

|  | B01J 37/24 |
· · | Chlorinating [2]

|  | B01J 37/26 |
· · | Fluorinating [2]

|  | B01J 37/28 |
· | Phosphorising [2]

|  | B01J 37/30 |
· | Ion-exchange [2]

|  | B01J 37/32 |
· | Freeze drying, i.e. lyophilisation [2]

|  | B01J 37/34 |
· | Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves [2]

|  | B01J 37/36 |
· | Biochemical methods [2]

|  | B01J 38/00 |
Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general [4]

|  | B01J 38/02 |
· | Heat treatment [4]

|  | B01J 38/04 |
· | Gas or vapor treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst [4]

|  | B01J 38/06 |
· · | using steam [4]

|  | B01J 38/08 |
· · | using ammonia or derivatives thereof [4]

|  | B01J 38/10 |
· · | using elemental hydrogen [4]

|  | B01J 38/12 |
· · | Treating with free oxygen-containing gas [4]

|  | B01J 38/14 |
· · · | with control of oxygen content in oxidation gas [4]

|  | B01J 38/16 |
· · · | Oxidation gas comprising essentially steam and oxygen [4]

|  | B01J 38/18 |
· · · | with subsequent reactive gas treating [4]

|  | B01J 38/20 |
· · · | Plural distinct oxidation stages [4]

|  | B01J 38/22 |
· · · | Moving bed, e.g. vertically or horizontally moving bulk [4]

|  | B01J 38/24 |
· · · · | having mainly transverse, i.e. lateral, flow of oxygen-containing gas and material [4]

|  | B01J 38/26 |
· · · · | having mainly counter-current flow of oxygen-containing gas and material [4]

|  | B01J 38/28 |
· · · · | having mainly concurrent flow of oxygen-containing gas and material [4]

|  | B01J 38/30 |
· · · | in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed [4]

|  | B01J 38/32 |
· · · · | Indirectly heating or cooling material within regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone [4]

|  | B01J 38/34 |
· · · · | with plural distinct serial combustion stages [4]

|  | B01J 38/36 |
· · · · | and with substantially complete oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide within regeneration zone [4]

|  | B01J 38/38 |
· · · | and adding heat by solid heat carrier [4]

|  | B01J 38/40 |
· · · | and forming useful by-products [4]

|  | B01J 38/42 |
· · | using halogen-containing material [4]

|  | B01J 38/44 |
· · · | and adding simultaneously or subsequently free oxygen; using oxyhalogen compound [4]

|  | B01J 38/46 |
· · · | fluorine-containing [4]

|  | B01J 38/48 |
· | Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended [4]

|  | B01J 38/50 |
· · | using organic liquids [4]

|  | B01J 38/52 |
· · · | oxygen-containing [4]

|  | B01J 38/54 |
· · · | halogen-containing [4]

|  | B01J 38/56 |
· · · | Hydrocarbons [4]

|  | B01J 38/58 |
· · · | and gas addition thereto [4]

|  | B01J 38/60 |
· · | using acids [4]

|  | B01J 38/62 |
· · · | organic [4]

|  | B01J 38/64 |
· · | using alkaline material; using salts [4]

|  | B01J 38/66 |
· · · | using ammonia or derivatives thereof [4]

|  | B01J 38/68 |
· · | including substantial dissolution or chemical precipitation of a catalyst component in the ultimate reconstitution of the catalyst [4]

|  | B01J 38/70 |
· · | Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid [4]

|  | B01J 38/72 |
· | including segregation of diverse particles [4]

|  | B01J 38/74 |
· | utilising ion-exchange [4]

|  | B01J 39/00 - B01J 49/00 |
Ion-exchange (treatment of milk Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23C 9/14; separation by liquid ion-exchangers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 11/00; separation of isotopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00; compounds per se, see the relevant classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; treatment of water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/42; refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 25/00; purification of sugar juices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13D 3/14; extraction of sugar from molasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13J 1/06; extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 3/00; using ion-exchange for investigating or analysing materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 30/96; treating radioactively contaminated material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F 9/12) [3]

|  | B01J 39/00 - B01J 49/00 |
Note(s) In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 39/00-B01J 49/00: ion-exchange covers all processes whereby ions are exchanged between the solid exchanger and the liquid to be treated and wherein the exchanger is not soluble in the liquid to be treated; [3] ion-exchange processes cover also ion-exchange in combination with complex or chelate forming reactions. [3] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 39/00-B01J 49/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Ion-exchange compositions are classified in the groups providing for "use of material as ion-exchangers; treatment of material for improving the ion-exchange properties". [3]

|  | B01J 39/00 |
Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties [3]

|  | B01J 39/02 |
· | Processes using inorganic exchangers [3]

|  | B01J 39/04 |
· | Processes using organic exchangers [3]

|  | B01J 39/06 |
· | Chromatographic ion-exchange processes using cation exchangers [3]

|  | B01J 39/08 |
· | Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties [3]

|  | B01J 39/10 |
· · | Oxides or hydroxides [3]

|  | B01J 39/12 |
· · | Compounds containing phosphorus [3]

|  | B01J 39/14 |
· · | Base exchange silicates, e.g. zeolites [3]

|  | B01J 39/16 |
· · | Organic material [3]

|  | B01J 39/18 |
· · · | Macromolecular compounds [3]

|  | B01J 39/20 |
· · · · | Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [3]

|  | B01J 39/22 |
· · · · | Cellulose or wood; Derivatives thereof [3]

|  | B01J 39/24 |
· · | Carbon, coal or tar [3]

|  | B01J 41/00 |
Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties [3]

|  | B01J 41/02 |
· | Processes using inorganic exchangers [3]

|  | B01J 41/04 |
· | Processes using organic exchangers [3]

|  | B01J 41/06 |
· | Chromatographic ion-exchange processes using anion exchangers [3]

|  | B01J 41/08 |
· | Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties [3]

|  | B01J 41/10 |
· · | Inorganic material (carbon, coal or tar Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 41/18) [3]

|  | B01J 41/12 |
· · | Macromolecular compounds [3]

|  | B01J 41/14 |
· · · | Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [3]

|  | B01J 41/16 |
· · · | Cellulose or wood; Derivatives thereof [3]

|  | B01J 41/18 |
· · | Carbon, coal or tar [3]

|  | B01J 43/00 |
Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groups; Use of material as amphoteric ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties [3]

|  | B01J 45/00 |
Ion-exchange in which a complex or a chelate is formed; Use of material as complex or chelate forming ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the complex or chelate forming ion-exchange properties [3]

|  | B01J 47/00 |
Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor [3]

|  | B01J 47/02 |
· | Column or bed processes [3]

|  | B01J 47/04 |
· · | Mixed-bed processes [3]

|  | B01J 47/06 |
· · | during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation, vibration (electrodialysis, electro-osmosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/42) [3]

|  | B01J 47/08 |
· · · | subjected to a direct electric current [3]

|  | B01J 47/10 |
· | with moving ion-exchange material; with ion-exchange material in suspension or in fluidised-bed form [3]

|  | B01J 47/12 |
· | characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of sheets, ribbons or filaments, e.g. membranes (electrodialysis, electro-osmosis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 61/42) [3]

|  | B01J 47/14 |
· | Controlling or regulating (controlling or regulating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05) [3]

|  | B01J 49/00 |
Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor [3]

|  | B01J 49/02 |
· | having devices which prevent back-flow of the ion-exchange mass during regenerating [3]