F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINES OR PUMPS
 F01
MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines F02; machines for liquids F03, F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
 F02
COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves therefor, lubricating, exhausting, or silencing engines F01); HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
 F03
MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04); WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, OR MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
 F04
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS (charging or scavenging combustion engines by pumps F02B; engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J 41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K 44/02)
 F04

Note(s)

Combinations of positive-displacement and non-positive-displacement pumps are classified in subclass F04B as a general subclass for pumps, and in subclasses F04C, F04D in respect of matter specific to those subclasses.

  
ENGINEERING IN GENERAL
 F15
FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
 F16
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
 F17
STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS (water supply E03B)
  
LIGHTING; HEATING
 F21
LIGHTING (electric aspects or elements Section H, e.g. electric light sources H01J, H01K, H05B)
 F21

Note(s)

  1. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "portable" means "intended to be carried personally";
    • "non-portable" means "not intended to be carried personally, even if capable of being moved from place to place";
    • "electric" includes "not stated to be non-electric".
  2. Attention is drawn to Note III following the Contents of Section of section H.
 F22
STEAM GENERATION (chemical or physical apparatus for generating gases B01J; chemical generation of gas, e.g. under pressure, Section C; removal of combustion products or residues, e.g. cleaning of the combustion contaminated surfaces of tubes of boilers, F23J; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; water heaters not for steam generation F24H, F28; cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers, F28G)
 F22

Note(s)

In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

  • "steam" covers also other condensable vapours, e.g. mercury, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide.

 F23
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
 F23

Note(s)

In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

  • "combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is covered by section C or by subclass F24J;
  • "combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame;
  • "burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame;
  • "air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

 F24
HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING (protecting plants by heating in gardens, orchards, or forests A01G 13/06; baking ovens and apparatus A21B; cooking devices other than ranges A47J; specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant subclasses of classes B60-B64; combustion apparatus in general F23; drying F26B; ovens in general F27; electric heating elements or arrangements H05B)
 F24

Note(s)

In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

  • "stove" includes apparatus which may have an open fire, e.g. fireplace;
  • "range" means an apparatus for cooking having elements that perform different cooking operations or cooking and heating operations.

 F25
REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
 F26
DRYING
 F27
FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned per se in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens A21B, glass melting furnaces C03B, coke or gas-making apparatus C10B, C10J, apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons C10G, blast furnaces C21B, converters for making steel C21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal C21D, enamelling ovens C23D; combustion apparatus F23; electric heating H05B)  [4]
 F27

Note(s)

  1. This class covers:
    • furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sintering apparatus, and details or accessories therefor, in general;
    • the arrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces.
  2. This class does not cover:
    • electrical heating elements per se;
    • processes carried on within the furnaces.
  3. In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "furnaces" covers kilns, ovens, or retorts.
 F28
HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
 F28

Note(s)

  1. In this class, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "heat exchange" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct or indirect contact with a heated or cooled fluid or fluent solid; alpha
    • "heat transfer" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct contact with a heated or cooled surface or body.
  2. Apparatus using heat exchange or heat transfer (as defined in Note (1) above) for specific purposes is classified either in subclass F28B or in the appropriate subclasses of, for example, classes F22, F24, F25, F26, or F27; if no such other subclass is appropriate, such apparatus is classified in sub-clas F28C or D.
  
WEAPONS; BLASTING
 F41
WEAPONS
 F41

Note(s)

  1. This class covers also means for practice and training which may have aspects of simulation, e.g. in apparatus for so-called "military games", although simulators are generally covered by class G09.
  2. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "semi-automatic firearm" means a firearm from which one shot is fired after actuation of the trigger and which then returns to a condition for firing a subsequent shot upon renewed actuation of the trigger;
    • "automatic gun" means a gun which will continue firing so long as the initial firing pressure is maintained on the trigger; alpha
    • "sighting" means bringing into visual coincidence a direction defined by a so-called "sighting" device with the direction of a target;
    • "aiming" means bringing a weapon to a direction differing from the sighting direction by corrections in order that the projectile may hit the target;
    • "laying" means setting a weapon in the correct position for hitting a mark.
  3. Attention is drawn to the definitions of "projectile", "missile" and "rocket" given in Note (2) following the title of class F42. [4]
 F42
AMMUNITION; BLASTING
 F42

Note(s)

  1. This class covers also means for practice or training which may have aspects of simulation, although simulators are generally covered by class G09.
  2. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "primer" effects the first explosive step in the sequence of explosion; [2]
    • "percussion cap" means a primer which is struck to explode; [2]
    • "igniter" effects the first spark-producing or heat-producing step but may not be explosive; [2]
    • "firing-means" or "initiator" (used respectively in the arts of weaponry and blasting) means a device acting directly on the primer, which device may or may not form part of the fuze; [2]
    • "detonator charge" means a charge used to amplify the explosion of the primer; [2]
    • "fuze" means an assembly which determines the moment of the explosion (instantaneous or delayed) and which incorporates firing-means for initiating the explosion spark; [2]
    • "ammunition" covers expulsion charge and projectile whether or not forming a single body, unless otherwise made clear; [2]
    • "projectile", "missile" or "projectile or missile" means any body which is projected or propelled; [4]
    • "guided missile" means projectile or missile which is guided during at least part of its trajectory; [4]
    • "rocket" means projectile or missile which is self-propelled, during at least part of its trajectory, by a rocket engine, i.e. by a jet-propulsion engine carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor. [4]