H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H03
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
 H03K
PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; mechanical counters having an electrical input G06M; information storage devices in general G11; sample-and-hold arrangements in electric analogue stores G11C 27/02; construction of switches involving contact making and breaking for generation of pulses, e.g. by using a moving magnet, H01H; static conversion of electric power H02M; generation of oscillations by circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching manner H03B; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C, H04L; discriminator circuits involving pulse counting H03D; automatic control of generators H03L; starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)
 H03K

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • methods, circuits, devices, or apparatus using active elements operating in a discontinuous or switching manner for generating, counting, amplifying, shaping, modulating, demodulating, or otherwise manipulating signals;
    • electronic switching not involving contact-making and braking;
    • logic circuits handling electric pulses.
  2. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "active element" exercises control over the conversion of input energy into an oscillation or a discontinuous flow of energy.
 H03K 3/00
Generating electric pulses (H03K 4/00 takes precedence)
 H03K 3/01
·  Details  [3]
 H03K 3/013
·  ·  Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference  [3]
 H03K 3/017
·  ·  Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses (pulse width modulation H03K 7/08)  [3]
 H03K 3/02
·  Generators characterised by the type of circuit or other means used for producing pulses (H03K 3/64-H03K 3/84 take precedence)
 H03K 3/023
·  ·  using differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback  [3]
 H03K 3/027
·  ·  using logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback  [3]
 H03K 3/03
·  ·  ·  Astable generators  [3]
 H03K 3/033
·  ·  ·  Mono-stable generators  [3]
 H03K 3/037
·  ·  ·  Bi-stable generators  [3]
 H03K 3/04
·  ·  using as active elements vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence)  [3]
 H03K 3/05
·  ·  ·  using means other than a transformer for feedback
 H03K 3/06
·  ·  ·  ·  using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
 H03K 3/08
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  astable
 H03K 3/09
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Stabilisation of output  [2]
 H03K 3/10
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  mono-stable
 H03K 3/12
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  bi-stable
 H03K 3/14
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  multi-stable
 H03K 3/15
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Circuits of which the state is dependent on the level of the input signal, e.g. Schmitt trigger
 H03K 3/16
·  ·  ·  using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core
 H03K 3/22
·  ·  ·  ·  specially adapted for amplitude comparison, i.e. Multiar
 H03K 3/26
·  ·  using as active elements bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence)  [2]
 H03K 3/28
·  ·  ·  using means other than a transformer for feedback
 H03K 3/281
·  ·  ·  ·  using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
 H03K 3/282
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  astable
 H03K 3/283
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Stabilisation of output  [2]
 H03K 3/284
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  mono-stable
 H03K 3/286
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  bi-stable (H03K 3/295 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03K 3/287
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using additional transistors in the feedback circuit (H03K 3/289 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03K 3/288
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using additional transistors in the input circuit (H03K 3/289 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03K 3/289
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  of the master-slave type  [3]
 H03K 3/29
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  multi-stable
 H03K 3/295
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Circuits of which the state is dependent on the level of the input signal, e.g. Schmitt trigger
 H03K 3/30
·  ·  ·  using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
 H03K 3/313
·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes, one or two potential-jump barriers, and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic  [3]
 H03K 3/315
·  ·  ·  using tunnel diodes
 H03K 3/33
·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect
 H03K 3/335
·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect
 H03K 3/35
·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence)  [3]
 H03K 3/351
·  ·  ·  using unijunction transistors  [3]
 H03K 3/352
·  ·  ·  using thyristors  [3]
 H03K 3/353
·  ·  using as active elements field effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence)  [3]
 H03K 3/354
·  ·  ·  Astable generators  [3]
 H03K 3/355
·  ·  ·  Mono-stable generators  [3]
 H03K 3/356
·  ·  ·  Bi-stable generators  [3]
 H03K 3/357
·  ·  using as active elements bulk negative resistance devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices  [2]
 H03K 3/36
·  ·  using semiconductors as active elements and not otherwise provided for  [2]
 H03K 3/37
·  ·  using gas-filled tubes as active elements, e.g. astable trigger circuits (H03K 3/55 takes precedence)
 H03K 3/38
·  ·  using superconductive devices as active elements  [3]
 H03K 3/40
·  ·  using electrochemical cells as active elements
 H03K 3/42
·  ·  using electro-optical devices as active elements to produce electric pulses
 H03K 3/43
·  ·  using beam deflection tubes as active elements
 H03K 3/45
·  ·  using as active elements non-linear magnetic devices; using as active elements non-linear dielectric devices
 H03K 3/47
·  ·  ·  using parametrons
 H03K 3/49
·  ·  ·  using ferro-resonant devices
 H03K 3/51
·  ·  ·  using multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxor
 H03K 3/53
·  ·  using an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (H03K 3/335 takes precedence)
 H03K 3/537
·  ·  ·  using spark gaps  [3]
 H03K 3/543
·  ·  ·  using vacuum tubes  [3]
 H03K 3/55
·  ·  ·  using gas-filled tubes having a control electrode
 H03K 3/57
·  ·  ·  using semiconductor devices
 H03K 3/59
·  ·  using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices  [2]
 H03K 3/64
·  Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
 H03K 3/66
·  ·  by interrupting the output of a generator
 H03K 3/70
·  ·  ·  time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal
 H03K 3/72
·  ·  with means for varying repetition rate of trains
 H03K 3/78
·  Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
 H03K 3/80
·  Generating trains of sinusoidal oscillations (by interrupting H03C, H04L)
 H03K 3/84
·  Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators  [2]
 H03K 3/86
·  Generating pulses by means of delay lines and not covered by the preceding subgroups  [2]
 H03K 4/00
Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
 H03K 4/02
·  having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform
 H03K 4/04
·  having parabolic shape
 H03K 4/06
·  having triangular shape
 H03K 4/08
·  ·  having sawtooth shape
 H03K 4/10
·  ·  ·  using as active elements vacuum tubes only
 H03K 4/12
·  ·  ·  ·  in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
 H03K 4/14
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using two tubes so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator
 H03K 4/16
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a single tube with positive feedback through transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator
 H03K 4/18
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron
 H03K 4/20
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
 H03K 4/22
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron
 H03K 4/24
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Boot-strap generators
 H03K 4/26
·  ·  ·  ·  in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
 H03K 4/28
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a tube operating as a switching device  [3]
 H03K 4/32
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  combined with means for generating the driving pulses
 H03K 4/34
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer
 H03K 4/36
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron
 H03K 4/38
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  combined with Miller integrator
 H03K 4/39
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a tube operating as an amplifier  [3]
 H03K 4/41
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator  [3]
 H03K 4/43
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  combined with means for generating the driving pulses  [3]
 H03K 4/48
·  ·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices (H03K 4/787-H03K 4/84 take precedence)
 H03K 4/50
·  ·  ·  ·  in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
 H03K 4/52
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using two semiconductor devices so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator
 H03K 4/54
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a single semiconductor device with positive feedback through a transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator
 H03K 4/56
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a semiconductor device with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
 H03K 4/58
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Boot-strap generators
 H03K 4/60
·  ·  ·  ·  in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
 H03K 4/62
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a semiconductor device operating as a switching device  [3]
 H03K 4/64
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  combined with means for generating the driving pulses
 H03K 4/66
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a single device with positive feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
 H03K 4/68
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Generators in which the switching device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle
 H03K 4/69
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using a semiconductor device operating as an amplifier  [3]
 H03K 4/71
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator  [3]
 H03K 4/72
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  combined with means for generating the driving pulses
 H03K 4/787
·  ·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic  [2]
 H03K 4/793
·  ·  ·  ·  using tunnel diodes  [2]
 H03K 4/80
·  ·  ·  using as active elements multi-layer diodes
 H03K 4/83
·  ·  ·  using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions or with more than three electrodes or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region  [2]
 H03K 4/84
·  ·  ·  ·  Generators in which the semiconductor device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle
 H03K 4/86
·  ·  ·  using as active elements gas-filled tubes
 H03K 4/88
·  ·  ·  using as active elements electrochemical cells
 H03K 4/90
·  ·  ·  Linearisation of ramp; Synchronisation of pulses (in pictorial communication systems H04N 1/36, H04N 5/04; colour synchronisation H04N 9/44)  [2]
 H03K 4/92
·  having a waveform comprising a portion of a sinusoid (generating sinusoidal oscillations H03B)  [2]
 H03K 4/94
·  having trapezoidal shape  [2]
 H03K 5/00
Manipulating pulses not covered by one of the other main groups in this subclass (circuits with regenerative action H03K 3/00, H03K 4/00; using non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices H03K 3/45)
 H03K 5/00

Note(s)

In this group, the input signals are of the pulse type. [3]

 H03K 5/01
·  Shaping pulses
 H03K 5/02
·  ·  by amplifying (H03K 5/04 takes precedence; wide-band amplifiers in general H03F)
 H03K 5/04
·  ·  by increasing duration; by decreasing duration
 H03K 5/05
·  ·  ·  using time reference signals, e.g. clock signals  [3]
 H03K 5/06
·  ·  ·  using delay lines  [3]
 H03K 5/07
·  ·  ·  using resonant circuits  [3]
 H03K 5/08
·  ·  by limiting, by thresholding, by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding (H03K 5/07 takes precedence; comparing one pulse with another H03K 5/22; providing a determined threshold for switching H03K 17/30)  [3]
 H03K 5/12
·  ·  by steepening leading or trailing edges
 H03K 5/13
·  Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
 H03K 5/135
·  ·  using time reference signals, e.g. clock signals  [3]
 H03K 5/14
·  ·  using delay lines  [3]
 H03K 5/145
·  ·  using resonant circuits  [3]
 H03K 5/15
·  Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors (distributing, switching, or gating arrangements H03K 17/00)  [2]
 H03K 5/153
·  Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant (switching at zero crossing H03K 17/13)
 H03K 5/156
·  Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern
 H03K 5/159
·  Applications of delay lines not covered by the preceding subgroups
 H03K 5/19
·  Monitoring patterns of pulse trains (indicating amplitude G01R 19/00; indicating frequency G01R 23/00; measuring characteristics of individual pulses G01R 29/02)  [3]
 H03K 5/22
·  Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral (indicating phase difference of two cyclic pulse trains G01R 25/00)  [3]
 H03K 5/24
·  ·  the characteristic being amplitude  [3]
 H03K 5/26
·  ·  the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence  [3]
 H03K 6/00
Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass (circuits with regenerative action H03K 4/00)
 H03K 6/00

Note(s)

In this group, the input signals are of the pulse type. [3]

 H03K 6/02
·  Amplifying pulses
 H03K 6/04
·  Modifying slopes of pulses
 H03K 7/00
Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
 H03K 7/02
·  Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM
 H03K 7/04
·  Position modulation, i.e. PPM
 H03K 7/06
·  Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM
 H03K 7/08
·  Duration or width modulation
 H03K 7/10
·  Combined modulation, e.g. rate modulation and amplitude modulation
 H03K 9/00
Demodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal
 H03K 9/02
·  of amplitude-modulated pulses
 H03K 9/04
·  of position-modulated pulses
 H03K 9/06
·  of frequency- or rate-modulated pulses
 H03K 9/08
·  of duration- or width-modulated pulses
 H03K 9/10
·  of pulses having combined modulation
 H03K 11/00
Transforming types of modulation, e.g. position-modulated pulses into duration-modulated pulses
 H03K 12/00
Producing pulses by distorting or combining sinusoidal waveforms (combining sinewaves using elements operating in a non-switching manner H03B)  [3]
 H03K 13/00
( transferred to H03M )
 H03K 13/01
( transferred to H03M 1/00, H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00 )
 H03K 13/02
( transferred to H03M 1/00 )
 H03K 13/03
( transferred to H03M 1/14, H03M 1/18, H03M 1/34,H03M 1/66-H03M 1/80 )
 H03K 13/05
( transferred to H03M 1/38,H03M 1/66-H03M 1/80 )
 H03K 13/08
( transferred to H03M 1/38 )
 H03K 13/09
( transferred to H03M 1/40, H03M 1/44, H03M 1/46 )
 H03K 13/11
( transferred to H03M 1/36, H03M 1/38, H03M 1/42, H03M 1/46 )
 H03K 13/17
( transferred to H03M 1/38-H03M 1/42, H03M 1/46 )
 H03K 13/175
( transferred to H03M 1/36 )
 H03K 13/18
( transferred to H03M 1/22 )
 H03K 13/20
( transferred to H03M 1/50, H03M 1/60, H03M 1/82, H03M 1/86 )
 H03K 13/22
( transferred to H03M 3/00, H03M 7/34, H03M 7/38 )
 H03K 13/24
( transferred to H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00 )
 H03K 13/243 - 
H03K 13/254
( transferred to H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00, H03M 11/00 )
 H03K 13/256 - 
H03K 13/258
( transferred to H03M 9/00 )
 H03K 13/32 - 
H03K 13/34
( transferred to H03M )
 H03K 17/00
Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking (sample-and-hold arrangements G11C 27/02; switching or interrupting devices in waveguides H01P; gated amplifiers H03F 3/72; switching arrangements for exchange systems using static devices H04Q 3/52)
 H03K 17/04
·  Modifications for accelerating switching  [3]
 H03K 17/06
·  Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state  [3]
 H03K 17/08
·  Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overload  [3]
 H03K 17/10
·  Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage  [3]
 H03K 17/12
·  Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current  [3]
 H03K 17/13
·  Modifications for switching at zero crossing (generating an impulse at zero crossing H03K 5/153)  [3]
 H03K 17/14
·  Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature  [3]
 H03K 17/16
·  Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents  [3]
 H03K 17/18
·  Modifications for indicating state of switch  [3]
 H03K 17/20
·  Modifications for resetting core switching units to a predetermined state  [3]
 H03K 17/22
·  Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied (bi-stable generators H03K 3/12)  [3]
 H03K 17/24
·  ·  Storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails  [3]
 H03K 17/26
·  Modifications for temporary blocking after receipt of control pulses  [3]
 H03K 17/28
·  Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching (time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action H03K 17/296)  [3]
 H03K 17/284
·  ·  in field-effect transistor switches  [3]
 H03K 17/288
·  ·  in tube switches  [3]
 H03K 17/292
·  ·  in thyristor, unijunction transistor or programmable unijunction transistor switches  [3]
 H03K 17/296
·  Time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed (electronic clocks comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time-intervals G04G 15/00)  [3]
 H03K 17/30
·  Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching (shaping pulses by thresholding H03K 5/08)  [3]
 H03K 17/51
·  characterised by the components used (H03K 17/04-H03K 17/30, H03K 17/94 take precedence)  [3]
 H03K 17/52
·  ·  using gas-filled tubes  [3]
 H03K 17/54
·  ·  using vacuum tubes (using diodes H03K 17/74)  [3]
 H03K 17/56
·  ·  using semiconductor devices (using diodes H03K 17/74)  [3]
 H03K 17/58
·  ·  ·  using tunnel diodes  [3]
 H03K 17/60
·  ·  ·  using bipolar transistors  [3]
 H03K 17/62
·  ·  ·  ·  Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals (code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00)  [3]
 H03K 17/64
·  ·  ·  ·  having inductive loads  [3]
 H03K 17/66
·  ·  ·  ·  Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will  [3]
 H03K 17/68
·  ·  ·  ·  specially adapted for switching ac currents or voltages  [3]
 H03K 17/687
·  ·  ·  using field-effect transistors  [3]
 H03K 17/693
·  ·  ·  ·  Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals (code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00)  [3]
 H03K 17/70
·  ·  ·  having two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance (using tunnel diodes H03K 17/58)  [3]
 H03K 17/72
·  ·  ·  having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region  [3]
 H03K 17/725
·  ·  ·  ·  for ac voltages or currents (H03K 17/735 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03K 17/73
·  ·  ·  ·  for dc voltages or currents (H03K 17/735 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03K 17/735
·  ·  ·  ·  Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals  [3]
 H03K 17/74
·  ·  using diodes  [3]
 H03K 17/76
·  ·  ·  Switching arrangements with several inputor output-terminals (code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00)  [3]
 H03K 17/78
·  ·  using electro-optical devices  [3]
 H03K 17/80
·  ·  using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices  [3]
 H03K 17/81
·  ·  ·  Switching arrangements with several inputor output-terminals (code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00)  [3]
 H03K 17/82
·  ·  ·  using transfluxors  [3]
 H03K 17/84
·  ·  ·  using thin-film devices  [3]
 H03K 17/86
·  ·  ·  using twistors  [3]
 H03K 17/88
·  ·  using beam-deflection tubes  [3]
 H03K 17/90
·  ·  using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices (H03K 17/95, H03K 17/97 take precedence)  [3]
 H03K 17/92
·  ·  using superconductive devices  [3]
 H03K 17/94
·  characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated (mechanical structural details of control members of switches or keyboards, such as keys, push-buttons, levers or other mechanisms for transferring force to the activated elements, not directly producing electronic effects H01H; keyboards for special applications, see the relevant places, e.g. B41J, G06F 3/023, H04L 15/00, H04L 17/00, H04M 1/00)  [3]
 H03K 17/945
·  ·  Proximity switches (H03K 17/96 takes precedence)  [3]
 H03K 17/95
·  ·  ·  using a magnetic detector  [3]
 H03K 17/955
·  ·  ·  using a capacitive detector  [3]
 H03K 17/96
·  ·  Touch switches  [3]
 H03K 17/965
·  ·  Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch  [3]
 H03K 17/967
·  ·  ·  having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard (H03K 17/969, H03K 17/972, H03K 17/98 take precedence)  [4]
 H03K 17/968
·  ·  ·  using opto-electronic devices  [4]
 H03K 17/969
·  ·  ·  ·  having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard  [4]
 H03K 17/97
·  ·  ·  using a magnetic movable element  [3]
 H03K 17/972
·  ·  ·  ·  having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard  [4]
 H03K 17/975
·  ·  ·  using a capacitive movable element  [3]
 H03K 17/98
·  ·  ·  ·  having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard  [4]
 H03K 19/00
Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
 H03K 19/003
·  Modifications for increasing the reliability  [3]
 H03K 19/007
·  Fail-safe circuits  [3]
 H03K 19/01
·  Modifications for accelerating switching  [3]
 H03K 19/013
·  ·  in bipolar transistor circuits  [3]
 H03K 19/017
·  ·  in field-effect transistor circuits  [3]
 H03K 19/02
·  characterised by the components used (H03K 19/003-H03K 19/017 take precedence)
 H03K 19/04
·  ·  using gas-filled tubes
 H03K 19/06
·  ·  using vacuum tubes (using diode rectifiers H03K 19/12)
 H03K 19/08
·  ·  using semiconductor devices (H03K 19/173 takes precedence; wherein the semiconductor devices are only diode rectifiers H03K 19/12)  [3]
 H03K 19/082
·  ·  ·  using bipolar transistors  [3]
 H03K 19/084
·  ·  ·  ·  Diode—transistor logic  [3]
 H03K 19/086
·  ·  ·  ·  Emitter coupled logic  [3]
 H03K 19/088
·  ·  ·  ·  Transistor—transistor logic  [3]
 H03K 19/09
·  ·  ·  ·  Resistor—transistor logic  [3]
 H03K 19/091
·  ·  ·  ·  Integrated injection logic or merged transistor logic  [3]
 H03K 19/092
·  ·  ·  ·  Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements  [3]
 H03K 19/094
·  ·  ·  using field-effect transistors  [3]
 H03K 19/096
·  ·  ·  ·  Synchronous circuits, i.e. using clock signals  [3]
 H03K 19/098
·  ·  ·  using thyristors  [3]
 H03K 19/10
·  ·  ·  using tunnel diodes  [3]
 H03K 19/12
·  ·  using diode rectifiers
 H03K 19/14
·  ·  using electro-optical devices (optical logic elements per se G02F 3/00)
 H03K 19/16
·  ·  using saturable magnetic devices
 H03K 19/162
·  ·  ·  using parametrons
 H03K 19/164
·  ·  ·  using ferro-resonant devices
 H03K 19/166
·  ·  ·  using transfluxors
 H03K 19/168
·  ·  ·  using thin-film devices
 H03K 19/17
·  ·  using twistors
 H03K 19/173
·  ·  using elementary logic circuits as components  [3]
 H03K 19/177
·  ·  ·  arranged in matrix form  [3]
 H03K 19/18
·  ·  using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices  [2]
 H03K 19/185
·  ·  using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors  [2]
 H03K 19/19
·  ·  ·  using ferro-resonant devices  [2]
 H03K 19/195
·  ·  using superconductive devices  [3]
 H03K 19/20
·  characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits (H03K 19/003-H03K 19/01 take precedence)
 H03K 19/21
·  ·  EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits, i.e. giving output if input signal exists at only one input; COINCIDENCE circuits, i.e. giving output only if all input signals are identical  [3]
 H03K 19/23
·  ·  Majority or minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the majority or the minority of the inputs  [3]
 H03K 21/00
Details of pulse counters or frequency dividers
 H03K 21/02
·  Input circuits
 H03K 21/04 - 
H03K 21/06
( covered by H03K 21/02 )
 H03K 21/08
·  Output circuits
 H03K 21/10
·  ·  comprising logic circuits
 H03K 21/12
·  ·  with parallel read-out
 H03K 21/14
·  ·  with series read-out of number stored
 H03K 21/16
·  Circuits for carrying-over pulses between successive decades
 H03K 21/17
·  ·  with field-effect transistors  [4]
 H03K 21/18
·  Circuits for visual indication of the result
 H03K 21/20
·  ·  using glow-discharge lamps
 H03K 21/22
( covered by H03K 21/20 )
 H03K 21/24 - 
H03K 21/28
( covered by H03K 21/18 )
 H03K 21/30 - 
H03K 21/32
( transferred to H03K 21/38, H03K 21/40,H03K 23/48-H03K 23/66 )
 H03K 21/34
( transferred to H03K 21/40 )
 H03K 21/36
( transferred to H03K 23/48-H03K 23/66 )
 H03K 21/38
·  Starting, stopping, or resetting the counter (counters with a base other than a power of two H03K 23/48, H03K 23/66)  [4]
 H03K 21/40
·  Monitoring; Error detection; Preventing or correcting improper counter operation  [4]
 H03K 23/00
Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains (H03K 29/00 takes precedence)
 H03K 23/02
( transferred to H03K 23/40-H03K 23/56 )
 H03K 23/03 - 
H03K 23/035
( transferred to H03K 23/74 )
 H03K 23/04
( transferred to H03K 23/50-H03K 23/56 )
 H03K 23/06
( transferred to H03K 23/50, H03K 23/54, H03K 23/56 )
 H03K 23/08
( transferred to H03K 23/50-H03K 23/56 )
 H03K 23/10
( transferred to H03K 23/76 )
 H03K 23/12
( transferred to H03K 23/78 )
 H03K 23/14 - 
H03K 23/16
( transferred to H03K 23/80 )
 H03K 23/18
( transferred to H03K 23/82 )
 H03K 23/20 - 
H03K 23/22
( transferred to H03K 23/40-H03K 23/56 )
 H03K 23/24
( transferred to H03K 23/58-H03K 23/62, H03K 23/84 )
 H03K 23/25 - 
H03K 23/255
( transferred to H03K 23/74 )
 H03K 23/26 - 
H03K 23/30
( transferred to H03K 23/58-H03K 23/62 )
 H03K 23/32
( transferred to H03K 23/76 )
 H03K 23/34
( transferred to H03K 23/78 )
 H03K 23/36
( transferred to H03K 23/80 )
 H03K 23/38
( transferred to H03K 23/82 )
 H03K 23/40
·  Gating or clocking signals applied to all stages, i.e. synchronous counters  [4]
 H03K 23/42
·  ·  Out-of-phase gating or clocking signals applied to counter stages  [4]
 H03K 23/44
·  ·  ·  using field-effect transistors  [4]
 H03K 23/46
·  ·  ·  using charge transfer devices, i.e. bucket brigade or charge coupled devices  [4]
 H03K 23/48
·  ·  with a base or radix other than a power of two (H03K 23/42 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/50
·  ·  using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits (H03K 23/42-H03K 23/48 take precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/52
·  ·  ·  using field-effect transistors  [4]
 H03K 23/54
·  ·  ·  Ring counters, i.e. feedback shift register counters (H03K 23/52 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/56
·  ·  ·  Reversible counters (H03K 23/52 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/58
·  Gating or clocking signals not applied to all stages, i.e. asynchronous counters (H03K 23/74-H03K 23/84 take precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/60
·  ·  with field-effect transistors  [4]
 H03K 23/62
·  ·  reversible  [4]
 H03K 23/64
·  with a base or radix other than a power of two (H03K 23/40-H03K 23/62 take precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/66
·  ·  with a variable counting base, e.g. by presetting or by adding or suppressing pulses  [4]
 H03K 23/68
·  ·  with a base which is a non-integer  [4]
 H03K 23/70
·  ·  with a base which is an odd number (H03K 23/66 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/72
·  ·  Decade counters (H03K 23/66 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03K 23/74
·  using relays  [4]
 H03K 23/76
·  using magnetic cores or ferro-electric capacitors  [4]
 H03K 23/78
·  using opto-electronic devices  [4]
 H03K 23/80
·  using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode  [4]
 H03K 23/82
·  using gas-filled tubes  [4]
 H03K 23/84
·  using thyristors or unijunction transistors  [4]
 H03K 23/86
·  reversible (H03K 23/40-H03K 23/84 take precedence)  [4]
 H03K 25/00
Pulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers
 H03K 25/02
·  comprising charge storage, e.g. capacitor without polarisation hysteresis
 H03K 25/04
·  ·  using auxiliary pulse generator triggered by the incoming pulses
 H03K 25/06 - 
H03K 25/08
( covered by H03K 25/04 )
 H03K 25/10
( covered by H03K 25/02 )
 H03K 25/12
·  comprising hysteresis storage
 H03K 25/14 - 
H03K 25/18
( covered by H03K 25/12 )
 H03K 27/00
Pulse counters in which pulses are continuously circulated in a closed loop; Analogous frequency dividers (feedback shift register counters H03K 23/54)
 H03K 27/02
( covered by H03K 27/00 )
 H03K 29/00
Pulse counters comprising multi-stable elements, e.g. for ternary scale, for decimal scale; Analogous frequency dividers
 H03K 29/02
( transferred to H03K 29/04, H03K 29/06, covered by H03K 29/00 )
 H03K 29/04
·  Multi-cathode gas discharge tubes  [4]
 H03K 29/06
·  Beam type tubes, e.g. magnetron, cathode ray tubes  [4]