C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C12M to Q and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. In this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3]
  3. In this class, it is desirable to add, in conformity with paragraph 83 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke, the indexing codes of subclass C12R (see Note (1) following the title of subclass C12R). [3]
 C12N
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material A01N 63/00; food compositions A21, A23; medicinal preparations A61K; fertilisers C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR TISSUE (preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q)  [4]
 C12N

Note(s)

  1. Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of class C12[4]
  2. Attention is drawn to Note (2) following the title of class C12, which defines the term "micro-organisms". [4]
 C12N 1/00
Micro-organisms per se, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof (medicinal preparations containing material from micro-organisms A61K 35/66; preparing medicinal bacterial antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. bacterial vaccines, A61K 39/00); Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving micro-organisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a micro-organism; Culture media therefor (edible compositions containing micro-organisms or processes of preparing same A21, A23)  [3]
 C12N 1/02
·  Separating micro-organisms from their culture media  [3]
 C12N 1/04
·  Preserving or maintaining viable micro-organisms (immobilised micro-organisms C12N 11/00)  [3]
 C12N 1/06
·  Lysis of micro-organisms  [3]
 C12N 1/08
·  Reducing the nucleic acid content  [3]
 C12N 1/10
·  Protozoa; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/12
·  Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor (culture of multi-cellular plants A01G; as new plants per se A01H 13/00)  [3]
 C12N 1/14
·  Fungi (culture of mushrooms A01G 1/04; as new plants per se A01H 15/00); Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/16
·  ·  Yeasts; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/18
·  ·  ·  Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast  [3]
 C12N 1/20
·  Bacteria; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/22
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof  [3]
 C12N 1/24
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, waste sulphite liquor  [3]
 C12N 1/26
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons (refining of hydrocarbon oils by using micro-organisms C10G 32/00)  [3]
 C12N 1/28
·  ·  aliphatic  [3]
 C12N 1/30
·  ·  ·  having five or less carbon atoms  [3]
 C12N 1/32
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, lower alkanols, i.e. C1 to C6  [3]
 C12N 1/34
·  Processes using foam culture  [3]
 C12N 1/36
·  Adaptation or attenuation of cells  [3]
 C12N 1/38
·  Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound (C12N 1/34 takes precedence)  [3]
 C12N 3/00
Spore-forming or isolating processes  [3]
 C12N 5/00
Undifferentiated animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 5/02
·  Propagation of single cells or cells in suspension; Maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 7/00
Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof (medicinal preparations containing viruses A61K 35/76; preparing medicinal viral antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. virus vaccines, A61K 39/00)  [3]
 C12N 7/02
·  Recovery or purification  [3]
 C12N 7/04
·  Inactivation or attenuation; Producing viral sub-units  [3]
 C12N 7/06
·  ·  by chemical treatment  [3]
 C12N 7/08
·  ·  by serial passage of virus  [3]
 C12N 9/00
Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.); Proenzymes; Compositions thereof (preparations containing enzymes for cleaning teeth A61K 7/28; medicinal preparations containing enzymes A61K 37/48; enzyme containing detergent compositions C11D); Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes (preparation of malt C12C 1/00)  [3]
 C12N 9/00

Note(s)

In this group, enzymes are generally categorised according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the groups below in parenthesis. [3]

 C12N 9/02
·  Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase  [3]
 C12N 9/04
·  ·  acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)  [3]
 C12N 9/06
·  ·  acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)  [3]
 C12N 9/08
·  ·  acting on hydrogen peroxide as acceptor (1.11)  [3]
 C12N 9/10
·  Transferases (2.) (ribonucleases C12N 9/22)  [3]
 C12N 9/12
·  ·  transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)  [3]
 C12N 9/14
·  Hydrolases (3.)  [3]
 C12N 9/16
·  ·  acting on ester bonds (3.1)  [3]
 C12N 9/18
·  ·  ·  Carboxylic ester hydrolases  [3]
 C12N 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase  [3]
 C12N 9/22
·  ·  ·  Ribonucleases  [3]
 C12N 9/24
·  ·  acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)  [3]
 C12N 9/26
·  ·  ·  acting on a-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. hyaluronidase, invertase, amylase  [3]
 C12N 9/28
·  ·  ·  ·  a-amylase from microbial source, e.g. bacterial amylase  [3]
 C12N 9/30
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Fungal source  [3]
 C12N 9/32
·  ·  ·  ·  a-amylase from plant source  [3]
 C12N 9/34
·  ·  ·  ·  Glucoamylase  [3]
 C12N 9/36
·  ·  ·  acting on -1, 4 bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and 2-acetylamino 2-deoxy-D-glucose, e.g. lysozyme  [3]
 C12N 9/38
·  ·  ·  acting on -galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. -galactosidase  [3]
 C12N 9/40
·  ·  ·  acting on a-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. a-galactosidase  [3]
 C12N 9/42
·  ·  ·  acting on -1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase  [3]
 C12N 9/44
·  ·  ·  acting on a-1, 6-glucosidic bonds, e.g. isoamylase, pullulanase  [3]
 C12N 9/46
·  ·  ·  ·  Dextranase  [3]
 C12N 9/48
·  ·  acting on peptide bonds, e.g. thromboplastin, leucine aminopeptidase (3.4)  [3]
 C12N 9/50
·  ·  ·  Proteinases  [3]
 C12N 9/52
·  ·  ·  ·  derived from bacteria  [3]
 C12N 9/54
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  bacteria being Bacillus  [3]
 C12N 9/56
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis  [3]
 C12N 9/58
·  ·  ·  ·  derived from fungi  [3]
 C12N 9/60
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  from yeast  [3]
 C12N 9/62
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  from Aspergillus  [3]
 C12N 9/64
·  ·  ·  ·  derived from animal tissue, e.g. rennin  [3]
 C12N 9/66
·  ·  ·  Elastase  [3]
 C12N 9/68
·  ·  ·  Plasmin, i.e. fibrinolysin  [3]
 C12N 9/70
·  ·  ·  Streptokinase  [3]
 C12N 9/72
·  ·  ·  Urokinase  [3]
 C12N 9/74
·  ·  ·  Thrombin  [3]
 C12N 9/76
·  ·  ·  Trypsin; Chymotrypsin  [3]
 C12N 9/78
·  ·  acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)  [3]
 C12N 9/80
·  ·  ·  acting on amide bonds in linear amides  [3]
 C12N 9/82
·  ·  ·  ·  Asparaginase  [3]
 C12N 9/84
·  ·  ·  ·  Penicillin amidase  [3]
 C12N 9/86
·  ·  ·  acting on amide bonds in cyclic amides, e.g. penicillinase  [3]
 C12N 9/88
·  Lyases (4.)  [3]
 C12N 9/90
·  Isomerases (5.)  [3]
 C12N 9/92
·  ·  Glucose isomerase  [3]
 C12N 9/94
·  Pancreatin  [3]
 C12N 9/96
·  Stabilising an enzyme by forming an adduct or a composition; Forming enzyme conjugates  [3]
 C12N 9/98
·  Preparation of granular or free-flowing enzyme compositions (C12N 9/96 takes precedence)  [3]
 C12N 9/99
·  Enzyme inactivation by chemical treatment  [3]
 C12N 11/00
Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof  [3]
 C12N 11/02
·  Enzymes or microbial cells being immobilised on or in an organic carrier  [3]
 C12N 11/04
·  ·  entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel, hollow fibre  [3]
 C12N 11/06
·  ·  attached to the carrier via a bridging agent  [3]
 C12N 11/08
·  ·  the carrier being a synthetic polymer  [3]
 C12N 11/10
·  ·  the carrier being a carbohydrate  [3]
 C12N 11/12
·  ·  ·  Cellulose or derivatives thereof  [3]
 C12N 11/14
·  Enzyme or microbial cells being immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier  [3]
 C12N 11/16
·  Enzymes or microbial cells being immobilised on or in a biological cell  [3]
 C12N 11/18
·  Multi-enzyme systems  [3]
 C12N 13/00
Treatment of micro-organisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves  [3]
 C12N 15/00
Mutation or genetic engineering (processes for producing plant mutations A01H 1/06)  [3]
 C12N 15/00

Note(s)

This group covers processes wherein there is a modification of the genetic material which would not normally occur in nature without intervention of man which produce a change in the gene structure which is passed on to succeeding generations. [3]