F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
LIGHTING; HEATING
 F28
HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
 F28

Note(s)

  1. In this class, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "heat exchange" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct or indirect contact with a heated or cooled fluid or fluent solid; alpha
    • "heat transfer" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct contact with a heated or cooled surface or body.
  2. Apparatus using heat exchange or heat transfer (as defined in Note (1) above) for specific purposes is classified either in subclass F28B or in the appropriate subclasses of, for example, classes F22, F24, F25, F26, or F27; if no such other subclass is appropriate, such apparatus is classified in sub-clas F28C or D.
 F28F
DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water or air traps, air venting F16)
 F28F 1/00
Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00)
 F28F 1/02
·  Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular (F28F 1/08, F28F 1/10 take precedence)
 F28F 1/04
·  ·  polygonal, e.g. rectangular
 F28F 1/06
·  ·  crimped or corrugated in cross-section
 F28F 1/08
·  Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
 F28F 1/10
·  Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses (crimped or corrugated elements F28F 1/06, F28F 1/08)
 F28F 1/12
·  ·  the means being only outside the tubular element
 F28F 1/14
·  ·  ·  and extending longitudinally (F28F 1/38 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/16
·  ·  ·  ·  the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion (F28F 1/22 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/18
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  the element being built-up from finned sections
 F28F 1/20
·  ·  ·  ·  the means being attachable to the element (F28F 1/22 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/22
·  ·  ·  ·  the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
 F28F 1/24
·  ·  ·  and extending transversely (F28F 1/38 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/26
·  ·  ·  ·  the means being integral with the element (F28F 1/32 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/28
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  the element being built-up from finned sections
 F28F 1/30
·  ·  ·  ·  the means being attachable to the element (F28F 1/32 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/32
·  ·  ·  ·  the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
 F28F 1/34
·  ·  ·  and extending obliquely (F28F 1/38 takes precedence)
 F28F 1/36
·  ·  ·  ·  the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals
 F28F 1/38
·  ·  ·  and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages
 F28F 1/40
·  ·  the means being only inside the tubular element
 F28F 1/42
·  ·  the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
 F28F 1/44
·  ·  ·  and being formed of wire mesh
 F28F 3/00
Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00)
 F28F 3/02
·  Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations (F28F 3/08 takes precedence)
 F28F 3/04
·  ·  the means being integral with the element
 F28F 3/06
·  ·  the means being attachable to the element
 F28F 3/08
·  Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
 F28F 3/10
·  ·  Arrangement for sealing the margins
 F28F 3/12
·  Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
 F28F 3/14
·  ·  by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation (manufacture thereof B23P)
 F28F 5/00
Elements specially adapted for movement (arrangements for moving the elements, see the appropriate subclass for the apparatus concerned)
 F28F 5/02
·  Rotary drums or rollers
 F28F 5/04
·  Hollow impellers, e.g. stirring vane
 F28F 5/06
·  Hollow screw conveyers
 F28F 7/00
Elements not covered by group F28F 1/00, F28F 3/00, or F28F 5/00
 F28F 7/02
·  Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
 F28F 9/00
Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
 F28F 9/02
·  Header boxes; End plates
 F28F 9/04
·  ·  Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates (joining pipes to walls in general F16L 41/00)
 F28F 9/06
·  ·  ·  by dismountable joints
 F28F 9/08
·  ·  ·  ·  by wedge-type connections, e.g. taper ferrule
 F28F 9/10
·  ·  ·  ·  by screw-type connections, e.g. gland
 F28F 9/12
·  ·  ·  ·  by flange-type connections
 F28F 9/14
·  ·  ·  ·  by force-joining
 F28F 9/16
·  ·  ·  by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling (metal-working procedures in general B21, B23, particularly B21D 39/06, B23K)
 F28F 9/18
·  ·  ·  ·  by welding
 F28F 9/20
·  Arrangements of heat reflectors, e.g. separately-insertible reflecting walls
 F28F 9/22
·  Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
 F28F 9/24
·  Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates (F28F 1/38 takes precedence; in general F15D)
 F28F 9/26
·  Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators (connecting different sections in water heaters F24H 9/14)
 F28F 11/00
Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes or conduits (stopping flow from or in pipes in general F16L 55/10)
 F28F 11/02
·  using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other (F28F 11/06 takes precedence)
 F28F 11/04
·  using pairs of obturating elements, e.g. washers, mounted upon central operating rods (F28F 11/06 takes precedence)
 F28F 11/06
·  using automatic tube-obturating appliances
 F28F 13/00
Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing (F28F 1/00-F28F 11/00 take precedence)
 F28F 13/02
·  by influencing fluid boundary (boundary-layer control in general F15D)
 F28F 13/04
·  by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
 F28F 13/06
·  by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
 F28F 13/08
·  ·  by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
 F28F 13/10
·  ·  by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration
 F28F 13/12
·  ·  by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation (F28F 13/08 takes precedence)
 F28F 13/14
·  by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat
 F28F 13/16
·  by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium
 F28F 13/18
·  by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
 F28F 17/00
Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
 F28F 19/00
Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
 F28F 19/02
·  by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
 F28F 19/04
·  ·  of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
 F28F 19/06
·  ·  of metal
 F28F 21/00
Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
 F28F 21/02
·  of carbon, e.g. graphite
 F28F 21/04
·  of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
 F28F 21/06
·  of plastics material
 F28F 21/08
·  of metal
 F28F 23/00
Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
 F28F 23/02
·  Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state
 F28F 25/00
Component parts of trickle coolers (arrangements for increasing heat transfer F28F 13/00; controlling arrangements F28F 27/00)
 F28F 25/02
·  for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid (spraying or atomising in general B05B, B05D)
 F28F 25/04
·  ·  Distributing or accumulator troughs
 F28F 25/06
·  ·  Spray nozzles or spray pipes
 F28F 25/08
·  ·  Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Filter elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
 F28F 25/10
·  for feeding gas or vapour
 F28F 25/12
·  ·  Ducts; Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones
 F28F 27/00
Control arrangements specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus (control arrangements in general G05)
 F28F 27/02
·  for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels (arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes F28F 9/22, F28F 25/12)