C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C12M to Q and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. In this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3]
  3. In this class, it is desirable to add, in conformity with paragraph 83 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke, the indexing codes of subclass C12R (see Note (1) following the title of subclass C12R). [3]
 C12C
BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials A23N; pitching or depitching machines, cellar tools C12L; propagating yeasts C12N 1/14; non-beverage ethanolic fermentation C12P 7/06)

 C12F
DISTILLATION OR RECTIFICATION OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS; DENATURING OF, OR DENATURED, ALCOHOL

 C12G
WINE; OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION THEREOF (beer C12C)

 C12H
PASTEURISATION; STERILISATION; PRESERVATION; PURIFICATION; CLARIFICATION; AGEING

 C12J
VINEGAR; ITS PREPARATION

 C12L
PITCHING OR DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS (cleaning of casks B08B 9/00)

 C12M
APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; UNICELLULAR ALGAE, PLANT OR ANIMAL CELL, TISSUE, OR VIRUS-CULTURE APPARATUS (installations for fermenting manure A01C 3/02; preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02; physical or chemical apparatus in general B01; malting or mashing apparatus C12C 1/00; brewing apparatus C12C 13/00; fermentation apparatus for wine C12G; apparatus for preparing vinegar C12J 1/10)
 C12M

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of class C12[4]


 C12N
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material A01N 63/00; food compositions A21, A23; medicinal preparations A61K; fertilisers C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR TISSUE (preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q)  [4]
 C12N

Note(s)

  1. Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of class C12[4]
  2. Attention is drawn to Note (2) following the title of class C12, which defines the term "micro-organisms". [4]

 C12P
FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE (fermentation processes to form a food composition A21, A23; compounds per se, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C01, C07; brewing of beer C12C; producing vinegar C12J; processes for producing enzymes per se C12N)  [3]
 C12P

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers both major and minor chemical modifications. [3]
  2. Group C12P 1/00 covers processes for producing organic compounds not sufficiently identified to be classified in groups C12P 3/00-C12P 37/00. Compounds identified only by their empirical formulae are not considered to be sufficiently identified. [3]
  3. Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of class C12[4]
  4. If a particular reaction is considered to be pertinent, it is also classified in the relevant chemical compound class, e.g. C07, C08[3]
  5. In this subclass:
    • metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound. [3]
    • compositions are classified in the relevant compound groups. [3]

 C12Q
MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N 33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES  [4]
 C12Q

Note(s)

  1. This subclass does not cover inventions dealing with the observation of the progress or of the result of processes specified in this subclass by any of the methods specified in groups G01N 3/00-G01N 29/00, which are covered by subclass G01N[3]
  2. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:  [3]
    • "involving", when used in relation to a substance, includes the testing for the substance as well as employing the substance as a determinant or reactant in a test for a different substance. [3]
  3. Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of class C12[3]
  4. In this subclass, test media are classified in the appropriate group for the relevant test process. [3]

 C12R
INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C TO Q, RELATING TO MICRO-ORGANISMS  [3]
 C12R

Note(s)

  1. This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme for non-obligatory use only. The indexing scheme may be used to identify "additional information", which constitutes further information about subject matter already classified in other subclasses of class C12. The indexing codes of this subclass, of which only the pertinent ones should be selected, are added in conformity with paragraph 76 of the Guide so as to provide information concerning the micro-organisms used in the processes classified in subclasses C12C to Q. These indexing codes should be presented as linked to the classification symbols with which they are associated, in conformity with paragraph 85 (a) of the Guide. [3]
  2. The bacteria terminology is based on "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology", Eighth Edition, 1975. [3]