C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  
CHEMISTRY
 C10
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
 C10B
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS (cracking oils C10G)

 C10C
WORKING-UP TAR, PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID (compositions of bituminous materials C08L 95/00)

 C10F
CUTTING, DRYING, OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT

 C10G
CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES FROM MATERIALS OTHER THAN HYDROCARBONS, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to well-defined hydrocarbons C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES (inhibiting corrosion or incrustation in general C23F)
 C10G

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "in the presence of hydrogen" or "in the absence of hydrogen" mean treatments in which hydrogen, in free form or as hydrogen generating compounds, is added, or not added, respectively; [3]
    • "hydrotreatment" is used for conversion processes as defined in group C10G 45/00 or group C10G 47/00[3]
    • "hydrocarbon oils" covers mixtures of hydrocarbons such as tar oils or mineral oils. [3]
  2. In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  3. In this subclass:

 C10H
PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY WET METHODS; ITS PURIFICATION

 C10J
PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C01B); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES

 C10K
PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE

 C10L
FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (fuels for generating pressure gas, e.g. for rockets, C06D 5/00; candles C11C; nuclear fuel G21C 3/00); ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS

 C10M
LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well-drilling compositions C09K 7/00); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B22C 3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B29C 33/56, for glass C03B 40/02; textile lubricants D06M 11/10, D06M 13/00; use of particular substances in particular apparatus or conditions, see F16N or the relevant groups for the application, e.g. A21D 8/08, B21C 9/00, H01B 3/18)  [4]
 C10M

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [4]
    • "lubricant" or "lubricating composition" includes cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, flushing oils, slushing oils, or the like; [4]
    • "aliphatic" includes "cycloaliphatic". [4]
  2. In respect of the classification of mixtures, attention is drawn to Note (4) (e) below. [4]
  3. In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. Thus, a compound having an aromatic ring is classified as aromatic regardless of whether the substituent(s) of interest are on the ring or on an aliphatic part of the molecule. [4]
  4. In this subclass: [4]
    1. metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound; [4]
    2. salts or adducts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salt or adduct, if of interest; [4]
    3. a specified compound, e.g. phenols, acids, substituted by a macromolecular hydrocarbon radical is classified as that compound; [4]
    4. base-materials or thickeners or additives consisting of a mixture for which no specific main group is provided are classified in the most indented group covering all essential constituents of the mixture, for example, [4]
    5. except for aqueous lubricating compositions containing more than 10 % water, which are classified separately, classification is made according to the type of ingredient or mixture of types of ingredient (base-material, thickener or additive) which characterises the invention. Attention is drawn to the fact that a mixture of essential ingredients characterised by only one of its components, rather than by the mixture as a whole, is not classified as a mixture, e.g., a lubricating composition consisting of: [4]
      • a known base-material and a new additive is classified only in the "additive" part of the classification scheme; [4]
      • a known base-material with both a thickener and a further additive as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified as a mixture of thickener and additive; [4]
      • a known base-material with a combination of additives as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified in the appropriate place for the additive mixture. [4]
  5. In this subclass, it is desirable to add, in conformity with paragraph 83 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke, the indexing codes representing additional information which relates to individual constituents of a technical subject which is already classified as such. This additional information concerns: [4]
    These indexing codes should be presented as linked to the classification symbols with which they are associated, in conformity with paragraph 85(a) of the Guide. [4]
  6. In this subclass, it is desirable to add, in conformity with paragraph 83 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke, the indexing codes of subclass C10N (see Note (1) following the title of subclass C10N). [4]

 C10N
INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M  [4]
 C10N

Note(s)

  1. This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme for non-obligatory use only. The indexing scheme may be used to identify "additional information", which constitutes further information about subject matter already classified in subclass C10M. The indexing codes of this subclass, of which only the pertinent ones should be selected, are added in conformity with paragraph 76 of the Guide so as to provide information concerning: [4]
    These indexing codes should be presented as unlinked to the classification symbols with which they are associated, in conformity with paragraph 85 (b) of the Guide. [4]
  2. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [4]
    • "lubricant" or "lubricating composition" includes cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, flushing oils, slushing oils, or the like; [4]
    • "aliphatic" includes "cycloaliphatic". [4]