|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

METALLURGY

|  | C21 |
METALLURGY OF IRON

|  | C21B |
MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL (preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 1/00; electric heating per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | C21B |
Note(s) This sub-class covers the production of iron or steel from source materials, e.g. the production of pig-iron, and apparatus specially adapted therefor, e.g. blast furnaces, air heaters (furnaces in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27).

|  | C21B 3/00 |
General features in the manufacture of pig-iron (mixers for pig-iron Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21C 1/06)

|  | C21B 3/02 |
· | by applying additives, e.g. fluxing agents

|  | C21B 3/04 |
· | Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag

|  | C21B 3/06 |
· · | Treatment of liquid slag (slag wool Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B; slag stones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | C21B 3/08 |
· · · | Cooling slag

|  | C21B 3/10 |
· · · | Slag pots; Slag cars

|  | C21B 5/00 |
Making pig-iron in the blast furnace

|  | C21B 5/02 |
· | Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals

|  | C21B 5/04 |
· | Making slag of special composition

|  | C21B 5/06 |
· | Using top gas in the blast furnace process (in coke ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B)

|  | C21B 7/00 |
Blast furnaces (lifts associated with blast furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66B 9/06)

|  | C21B 7/02 |
· | Internal forms

|  | C21B 7/04 |
· | with special refractories (refractory materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | C21B 7/06 |
· · | Linings for furnaces

|  | C21B 7/08 |
· | Top armourings

|  | C21B 7/10 |
· | Cooling; Devices therefor

|  | C21B 7/12 |
· | Opening or sealing the tap holes

|  | C21B 7/14 |
· | Discharging devices, e.g. for slag

|  | C21B 7/16 |
· | Tuyères

|  | C21B 7/18 |
· | Bell-and-hopper arrangements

|  | C21B 7/20 |
· · | with appliances for distributing the burden

|  | C21B 7/22 |
· | Dust arresters

|  | C21B 7/24 |
· | Test rods or other checking devices

|  | C21B 9/00 |
Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces

|  | C21B 9/02 |
· | Brick hot-blast stoves

|  | C21B 9/04 |
· · | with combustion shaft

|  | C21B 9/06 |
· · | Linings

|  | C21B 9/08 |
· | Iron hot-blast stoves

|  | C21B 9/10 |
· | Other details, e.g. blast mains

|  | C21B 9/12 |
· · | Hot-blast valves or slides for blast furnaces (valves in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K)

|  | C21B 9/14 |
· | Preheating the combustion air

|  | C21B 9/16 |
· | Cooling or drying the hot-blast

|  | C21B 11/00 |
Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces

|  | C21B 11/02 |
· | in low shaft furnaces

|  | C21B 11/06 |
· | in rotary kilns

|  | C21B 11/08 |
· | in hearth-type furnaces

|  | C21B 11/10 |
· | in electric furnaces

|  | C21B 13/00 |
Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes

|  | C21B 13/02 |
· | in shaft furnaces

|  | C21B 13/04 |
· | in retorts

|  | C21B 13/06 |
· | in multi-storied furnaces

|  | C21B 13/08 |
· | in rotary furnaces

|  | C21B 13/10 |
· | in hearth-type furnaces

|  | C21B 13/12 |
· | in electric furnaces

|  | C21B 13/14 |
· | Multi-stage processes

|  | C21B 15/00 |
Other processes for the manufacture of iron from iron compounds (general methods of reducing to metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 5/00; by electrolysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25C 1/06)

|  | C21B 15/02 |
· | Metallothermic processes, e.g. thermit reduction

|  | C21B 15/04 |
· | from iron carbonyl