|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SHAPING

|  | B23 |
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; wire-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; making pins, needles, or nails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21G; making chains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21L; grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)

|  | B23 |
Note(s) In addition to operations not provided for in any other class, this class provides, in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, for combinations of operations provided for in different sub-classes of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21-B24, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single sub-class. In the following elaborations: The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise. The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding. The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe). The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe. The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machines for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.

|  | B23K |
SOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM (making metal-coated products by extruding metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 23/22; building up linings or coverings by casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 19/08; casting by dipping Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 23/04; manufacture of composite layers by sintering metal powder Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22F 7/00; arrangements on machine tools for copying or controlling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q; covering metals or covering materials with metals, not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C; burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D)

|  | B23K |
Note(s) Electric circuits specially adapted for these purposes are dealt with in this sub-class.

|  | B23K 1/00 - B23K 3/00 |
Soldering, i.e. uniting metals using solder and applying heat without melting either of the parts to be united (essentially requiring the use of welding machines or welding equipment, see the relevant groups for the welding machines or welding equipment)

|  | B23K 1/00 |
Soldering metal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 3/00 takes precedence; characterised only by the use of special materials or media Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/00; dip or wave soldering in the manufacture of printed circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 3/34)

|  | B23K 1/02 |
· | Soft soldering

|  | B23K 1/04 |
· | Brazing or high-temperature soldering

|  | B23K 1/06 |
· | making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations

|  | B23K 1/08 |
· | Soldering by means of dipping in molten solder

|  | B23K 1/10 |
· | Arc-stud soldering

|  | B23K 1/12 |
· | specially adapted for particular articles or work

|  | B23K 1/14 |
· · | for soldering seams (making tubes involving operations other than soldering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C)

|  | B23K 1/16 |
· · · | longitudinal seams, e.g. of shells

|  | B23K 1/18 |
· · · | circumferential seams, e.g. of shells

|  | B23K 1/19 |
· | taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered [3]

|  | B23K 1/20 |
· | Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating (preparation of surfaces in particular ways, see the relevant classes for the treatments or the materials treated, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B)

|  | B23K 3/00 |
Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, not adapted for special methods (materials used for soldering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/00)

|  | B23K 3/02 |
· | Soldering irons; Bits

|  | B23K 3/04 |
· | Heating appliances (soldering lamps or blowpipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D; electric heating elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | B23K 3/06 |
· | Solder feeding devices; Solder melting pans

|  | B23K 5/00 - B23K 7/00 |
Flame welding or cutting

|  | B23K 5/00 |
Gas flame welding

|  | B23K 5/02 |
· | Seam welding (making tubes involving operations other than welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C)

|  | B23K 5/04 |
· · | using additional profiled strips or like of welding metal along seam edges

|  | B23K 5/06 |
· · | Welding longitudinal seams

|  | B23K 5/08 |
· · | Welding circumferential seams

|  | B23K 5/10 |
· | Welding workpieces essentially comprising layers of different metals, e.g. plated workpieces

|  | B23K 5/12 |
· | taking account of the properties of the material to be welded

|  | B23K 5/14 |
· · | of non-ferrous metals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 5/16 takes precedence)

|  | B23K 5/16 |
· · | of different metals

|  | B23K 5/18 |
· | for purposes other than joining parts, e.g. built-up welding

|  | B23K 5/20 |
· | making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations

|  | B23K 5/207 |
· | specially adapted for particular articles or work [3]

|  | B23K 5/213 |
· | Preliminary treatment [3]

|  | B23K 5/22 |
· | Auxiliary equipment, e.g. backings, guides

|  | B23K 5/24 |
· · | Arrangements for supporting torches (not restricted to flame welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 37/02)

|  | B23K 7/00 |
Cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing by applying flames

|  | B23K 7/02 |
· | Machines, apparatus, or equipment for cutting plane workpieces, e.g. plates

|  | B23K 7/04 |
· | Machines, apparatus, or equipment specially adapted for cutting curved workpieces, e.g. tubes

|  | B23K 7/06 |
· | Machines, apparatus, or equipment specially designed for scarfing or desurfacing

|  | B23K 7/08 |
· | by applying additional compounds or means favouring the cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing procedure

|  | B23K 7/10 |
· | Auxiliary devices, e.g. for guiding or supporting the torch (guiding means applicable to other metal-working machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | B23K 9/00 - B23K 13/00 |
Electric welding or cutting

|  | B23K 9/00 |
Arc welding or cutting (electro-slag welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 25/00; welding transformers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F; welding generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | B23K 9/02 |
· | Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts

|  | B23K 9/04 |
· | Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding

|  | B23K 9/06 |
· | Arrangements or circuits for generating ignition voltage and stabilising the arc

|  | B23K 9/08 |
· | Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc

|  | B23K 9/09 |
· | Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage [3]

|  | B23K 9/10 |
· | Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls

|  | B23K 9/12 |
· | Automatic feeding of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting

|  | B23K 9/14 |
· | making use of insulated electrodes

|  | B23K 9/16 |
· | making use of shieldings gas

|  | B23K 9/18 |
· | Submerged-arc welding

|  | B23K 9/20 |
· | Stud welding

|  | B23K 9/22 |
· | Percussion welding

|  | B23K 9/225 |
· | specially adapted for particular articles or work [3]

|  | B23K 9/23 |
· | taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded [3]

|  | B23K 9/235 |
· | Preliminary treatment [3]

|  | B23K 9/24 |
· | Features related to electrodes (form or composition of electrodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/00)

|  | B23K 9/26 |
· · | Accessories for electrodes, e.g. ignition tips

|  | B23K 9/28 |
· · | Supporting devices for electrodes (not restricted to arc welding or cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 37/02)

|  | B23K 9/30 |
· · · | Vibrating holders for electrodes

|  | B23K 9/32 |
· | Accessories (earthing connections Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R)

|  | B23K 11/00 |
Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating

|  | B23K 11/02 |
· | Pressure butt welding

|  | B23K 11/04 |
· | Flash butt welding

|  | B23K 11/06 |
· | using roller electrodes

|  | B23K 11/08 |
· | Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding sub-groups

|  | B23K 11/10 |
· | Spot welding; Stitch welding

|  | B23K 11/12 |
· · | making use of vibrations

|  | B23K 11/14 |
· | Projection welding

|  | B23K 11/16 |
· | taking account of the properties of the material to be welded

|  | B23K 11/18 |
· · | of non-ferrous metals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 11/20 takes precedence)

|  | B23K 11/20 |
· · | of different metals

|  | B23K 11/22 |
· | Severing by resistance heating

|  | B23K 11/24 |
· | Electric supply or control circuits therefor

|  | B23K 11/26 |
· · | Storage discharge welding

|  | B23K 11/28 |
· | Portable welding equipment

|  | B23K 11/30 |
· | Features relating to electrodes (form or composition of electrodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/00)

|  | B23K 11/32 |
· | specially adapted for particular articles or work [3]

|  | B23K 11/34 |
· | Preliminary treatment [3]

|  | B23K 11/36 |
· | Auxiliary equipment [3]

|  | B23K 13/00 |
Welding by induction heating

|  | B23K 13/02 |
· | Seam welding

|  | B23K 15/00 - B23K 28/00 |
Other welding or cutting; Working by laser beam

|  | B23K 15/00 |
Electron-beam welding or cutting (electron- or ion-beam tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/00)

|  | B23K 17/00 |
Using the energy of nuclear particles in welding or related techniques

|  | B23K 19/00 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/00 )

|  | B23K 19/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/12 )

|  | B23K 19/04 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/10 )

|  | B23K 20/00 |
Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating [3]

|  | B23K 20/02 |
· | by means of a press [3]

|  | B23K 20/04 |
· | by means of a rolling mill [3]

|  | B23K 20/06 |
· | by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy [3]

|  | B23K 20/08 |
· · | Explosive welding [3]

|  | B23K 20/10 |
· | making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding [3]

|  | B23K 20/12 |
· | the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding [3]

|  | B23K 20/14 |
· | Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding (formed by material interposed between workpieces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/18) [3]

|  | B23K 20/16 |
· | with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas [3]

|  | B23K 20/18 |
· | Zonal welding by interposing weld-preventing substances between zones not to be welded [3]

|  | B23K 20/20 |
· | Special methods allowing subsequent separation, e.g. of metals of high quality from scrap material [3]

|  | B23K 20/22 |
· | taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded [3]

|  | B23K 20/24 |
· | Preliminary treatment [3]

|  | B23K 20/26 |
· | Auxiliary equipment [3]

|  | B23K 21/00 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/00 )

|  | B23K 21/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 20/10 )

|  | B23K 23/00 |
Alumino-thermic welding

|  | B23K 25/00 |
Slag welding, i.e. using a heated layer or mass of powder, slag, or the like in contact with the material to be joined (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 23/00 takes precedence; submerged-arc welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 9/18)

|  | B23K 26/00 |
Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting, boring (lasers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S 3/00) [2]

|  | B23K 26/02 |
· | Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam [3]

|  | B23K 26/04 |
· · | Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light [3]

|  | B23K 26/06 |
· · | Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focussing (optical elements, systems, or apparatus, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B) [3]

|  | B23K 26/08 |
· | Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece [3]

|  | B23K 26/10 |
· · | using a fixed support [3]

|  | B23K 26/12 |
· | in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure [3]

|  | B23K 26/14 |
· | using a flow, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 26/12 takes precedence) [3]

|  | B23K 26/16 |
· | Removing of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece (by a flow of gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 26/14) [3]

|  | B23K 26/18 |
· | using absorbing layers on the material being worked, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes [3]

|  | B23K 28/00 |
Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding [2]

|  | B23K 28/02 |
· | Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus [2]

|  | B23K 31/00 |
Processes relevant to this sub-class, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups (making tubes or profiled bars involving operations other than soldering or welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 37/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 37/08)

|  | B23K 31/02 |
· | relating to soldering or welding (dip or wave soldering in the manufacture of printed circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 3/34)

|  | B23K 31/04 |
· · | Connecting cutting edges or the like to tools

|  | B23K 31/06 |
· · | Making tubes with soldering or welding

|  | B23K 31/08 |
· · | Making profiled bars with soldered or welded seams

|  | B23K 31/10 |
· | relating to cutting or desurfacing

|  | B23K 33/00 |
Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby

|  | B23K 35/00 |
Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting

|  | B23K 35/02 |
· | characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape

|  | B23K 35/04 |
· · | specially designed for use as electrodes (ignition tips for arc welding or cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 9/26)

|  | B23K 35/06 |
· · · | of non-circular cross-section; with special arrangement, e.g. internal

|  | B23K 35/08 |
· · · · | multi-cored; multiple

|  | B23K 35/10 |
· · · · | with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material

|  | B23K 35/12 |
· · | not specially designed for use as electrodes

|  | B23K 35/14 |
· · · | for soldering

|  | B23K 35/16 |
· · · | of non-circular cross-section; with special arrangement, e.g. internal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/14 takes precedence)

|  | B23K 35/18 |
· · · · | multi-cored; multiple

|  | B23K 35/20 |
· · · · | with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material

|  | B23K 35/22 |
· | characterised by the composition or nature of the material

|  | B23K 35/24 |
· · | Selection of soldering or welding materials proper (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/34 takes precedence)

|  | B23K 35/26 |
· · · | with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 C

|  | B23K 35/28 |
· · · | with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 C

|  | B23K 35/30 |
· · · | with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 C

|  | B23K 35/32 |
· · · | with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 C

|  | B23K 35/34 |
· · | comprising compounds which yield metals when heated

|  | B23K 35/36 |
· · | Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/34 takes precedence); Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest (selection of soldering or welding materials proper Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/24) [2]

|  | B23K 35/362 |
· · · | Selection of compositions of fluxes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/365, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 35/368 take precedence) [2]

|  | B23K 35/365 |
· · · | Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials [2]

|  | B23K 35/368 |
· · · | Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials [2]

|  | B23K 35/38 |
· · | Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area

|  | B23K 35/40 |
· | Making wire or rods for soldering or welding (processes involving a single technical art, see the relevant classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C)

|  | B23K 37/00 |
Auxiliary devices not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups (eye-shields for welders worn on the operator's body or carried in the hand Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61F 9/00; applicable to metal-working machines other than soldering, welding, and flame-cutting machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q; other protective shields Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16P 1/06)

|  | B23K 37/02 |
· | Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element

|  | B23K 37/04 |
· | for holding or positioning work

|  | B23K 37/06 |
· | for positioning the molten material, e.g. confining it to a desired area