C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

Definitions for Section C:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  
METALLURGY
 C22
METALLURGY (of iron C21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS (general methods or devices for heat treatment of ferrous or non-ferrous metals or alloys C21D; production of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25)
 C22B
PRODUCTION OR REFINING OF METALS (making metallic powder or suspensions thereof B22F 9/00; electrolytic C25); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
 C22B

Note(s)

In this sub-class, groups for obtaining metals include obtaining the metals by non-metallurgical processes, and obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes. Thus, for example, group C22B 11/00 covers the production of silver by reduction of ammoniacal silver oxide in solution, and group C22B 17/00 includes the production of cadmium oxide by a metallurgical process. Furthermore, although compounds of arsenic and antimony are classified in C01G, production of the elements themselves is included in C22B, as well as the production of their compounds by metallurgical processes.

 C22B 1/00
Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap (furnaces, sintering apparatus F27B)
 C22B 1/02
·  Roasting processes (C22B 1/16 takes precedence)
 C22B 1/04
·  ·  Blast roasting
 C22B 1/06
·  ·  Sulphating roasting
 C22B 1/08
·  ·  Chloridising roasting
 C22B 1/10
·  ·  in fluidised form
 C22B 1/11
·  Removing sulphur, phosphorus or arsenic, other than by roasting  [2]
 C22B 1/14
·  Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
 C22B 1/16
·  ·  Sintering; Agglomerating
 C22B 1/18
·  ·  ·  in sinter pots
 C22B 1/20
·  ·  ·  in sintering machines with movable grates
 C22B 1/212
·  ·  ·  in tunnel furnaces  [2]
 C22B 1/214
·  ·  ·  in shaft furnaces  [2]
 C22B 1/216
·  ·  ·  in rotary furnaces  [2]
 C22B 1/22
·  ·  ·  in other sintering apparatus
 C22B 1/24
·  ·  Binding; Briquetting
 C22B 1/242
·  ·  ·  with binders  [2]
 C22B 1/243
·  ·  ·  ·  inorganic  [2]
 C22B 1/244
·  ·  ·  ·  organic  [2]
 C22B 1/245
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates  [2]
 C22B 1/248
·  ·  ·  of metal scrap or alloys  [2]
 C22B 1/26
·  Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores
 C22B 3/00
Extraction of metal compounds from ores by wet methods
 C22B 3/02
·  Apparatus therefor
 C22B 4/00
Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys (general methods of refining or remelting metals C22B 9/00; obtaining iron or steel C21B, C21C)  [2]
 C22B 4/02
·  Light metals  [2]
 C22B 4/04
·  Heavy metals  [2]
 C22B 4/06
·  Alloys  [2]
 C22B 4/08
·  Apparatus (electric heating elements H05B)  [2]
 C22B 5/00
General methods of reducing to metals
 C22B 5/02
·  Dry methods
 C22B 5/04
·  ·  by aluminium, other metals, or silicon
 C22B 5/06
·  ·  by carbides or the like
 C22B 5/08
·  ·  by sulphides; Roasting reaction methods
 C22B 5/10
·  ·  by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
 C22B 5/12
·  ·  by gases
 C22B 5/14
·  ·  ·  fluidised material
 C22B 5/16
·  ·  with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced
 C22B 5/18
·  ·  Reducing step-by-step
 C22B 5/20
·  ·  from metal carbonyls
 C22B 7/00
Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
 C22B 7/02
·  Working-up flue dust
 C22B 7/04
·  Working-up slag
 C22B 9/00
General methods of refining or remelting metals
 C22B 9/02
·  Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling or supersonic wave action
 C22B 9/04
·  Refining by applying a vacuum
 C22B 9/05
·  Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing  [3]
 C22B 9/06
( transferred to C22B 9/05 )
 C22B 9/08
( covered by C22B 9/00 )
 C22B 9/10
·  with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor (C22B 9/18 takes precedence)
 C22B 9/12
( covered by C22B 9/00 )
 C22B 9/14
·  Refining in the solid state
 C22B 9/16
·  Remelting metals (liquating C22B 9/02)  [3]
 C22B 9/18
·  ·  Electroslag remelting  [3]
 C22B 9/20
·  ·  Arc remelting  [3]
 C22B 9/22
·  ·  with heating by wave energy or particle radiation  [3]
 C22B 11/00
Obtaining noble metals
 C22B 11/02
·  by dry processes
 C22B 11/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 11/06
·  chloridising
 C22B 11/08
·  by cyaniding
 C22B 11/10
·  by amalgamating
 C22B 11/12
·  ·  Apparatus therefor
 C22B 13/00
Obtaining lead
 C22B 13/02
·  by dry processes
 C22B 13/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 13/06
·  Refining
 C22B 13/08
·  ·  Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. by Parkes process
 C22B 13/10
·  ·  Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process
 C22B 15/00
Obtaining copper
 C22B 15/02
·  in blast furnaces
 C22B 15/04
·  in reverberatory furnaces
 C22B 15/06
·  in converters
 C22B 15/08
·  with leaching with acids and salt solutions
 C22B 15/10
·  with leaching with ammonia or ammonia-salt solutions
 C22B 15/12
·  by precipitating from solutions
 C22B 15/14
·  Refining
 C22B 17/00
Obtaining cadmium
 C22B 17/02
·  by dry process
 C22B 17/04
·  by wet process
 C22B 17/06
·  Refining
 C22B 19/00
Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
 C22B 19/02
·  Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide
 C22B 19/04
·  Obtaining zinc by distilling
 C22B 19/06
·  ·  in muffle furnaces
 C22B 19/08
·  ·  in blast furnaces
 C22B 19/10
·  ·  in reverberatory furnaces
 C22B 19/12
·  ·  in crucible furnaces
 C22B 19/14
·  ·  in vertical retorts
 C22B 19/16
·  ·  Distilling vessels
 C22B 19/18
·  ·  ·  Condensers; Receiving vessels
 C22B 19/20
·  Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
 C22B 19/22
·  ·  with leaching with acids
 C22B 19/24
·  ·  with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia
 C22B 19/26
·  ·  Refining solutions obtained by leaching zinc ores
 C22B 19/28
·  from muffle furnace residues
 C22B 19/30
·  from metallic residues or scraps
 C22B 19/32
·  Refining zinc
 C22B 19/34
·  Obtaining zinc oxide (purifying zinc oxide C01G 9/02)
 C22B 19/36
·  ·  in blast or reverberatory furnaces
 C22B 19/38
·  ·  in rotary furnaces
 C22B 21/00
Obtaining aluminium
 C22B 21/02
·  with reducing
 C22B 21/04
·  with alkali metals
 C22B 21/06
·  Refining
 C22B 23/00
Obtaining nickel or cobalt
 C22B 23/02
·  by dry processess
 C22B 23/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 23/06
·  Refining
 C22B 25/00
Obtaining tin
 C22B 25/02
·  by dry processes
 C22B 25/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 25/06
·  from scrap, especially tin scrap (by electrolytic procedure C25C 1/14)
 C22B 25/08
·  Refining
 C22B 26/00
Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium  [2]
 C22B 26/10
·  Obtaining alkali metals  [2]
 C22B 26/12
·  ·  Obtaining lithium  [2]
 C22B 26/20
·  Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium  [2]
 C22B 26/22
·  ·  Obtaining magnesium  [2]
 C22B 30/00
Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth  [2]
 C22B 30/02
·  Obtaining antimony  [2]
 C22B 30/04
·  Obtaining arsenic  [2]
 C22B 30/06
·  Obtaining bismuth  [2]
 C22B 34/00
Obtaining refractory metals  [2]
 C22B 34/10
·  Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium  [2]
 C22B 34/12
·  ·  Obtaining titanium  [2]
 C22B 34/14
·  ·  Obtaining zirconium or hafnium  [2]
 C22B 34/20
·  Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium  [2]
 C22B 34/22
·  ·  Obtaining vanadium  [2]
 C22B 34/24
·  ·  Obtaining niobium or tantalum  [2]
 C22B 34/30
·  Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten  [2]
 C22B 34/32
·  ·  Obtaining chromium  [2]
 C22B 34/34
·  ·  Obtaining molybdenum  [2]
 C22B 34/36
·  ·  Obtaining tungsten  [2]
 C22B 35/00
Obtaining beryllium
 C22B 41/00
Obtaining germanium
 C22B 43/00
Obtaining mercury
 C22B 47/00
Obtaining manganese
 C22B 58/00
Obtaining gallium or indium  [2]
 C22B 59/00
Obtaining rare-earth metals
 C22B 60/00
Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals  [2]
 C22B 60/02
·  Obtaining thorium, uranium or other actinides  [2]
 C22B 60/04
·  ·  Obtaining plutonium  [2]
 C22B 61/00
Obtaining metals not elsewhere provided for in this sub-class (iron C21)  [2]