|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

SEPARATING AND MIXING

|  | B01 |
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | B01D |
SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B; by other dry methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04)

|  | B01D |
Note(s) The processes covered by this sub-class include evaporation, distillation, crystallisation, filtration, dust precipitation, gas cleaning, absorption, adsorption. This sub-class also includes similar processes which are not concerned with, or limited to, separation (except in the case of absorption or adsorption). The word "filtration" and related words should be interpreted as embracing straining liquids from solids. For apparatus used in drying or evaporation, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26 takes precedence over Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D. When considering the sub-divisions of this sub-class, it should be borne in mind that group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00 takes precedence over the other groups of this sub-class and over other sub-classes.

|  | B01D 1/00 |
Evaporating (removal of incrustation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B; sugar or starch industry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13; prevention of incrustation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F; drying solid materials or objects by evaporating liquids therefrom Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26)

|  | B01D 1/02 |
· | Evaporators with heating coils

|  | B01D 1/04 |
· | Evaporators with horizontal tubes

|  | B01D 1/06 |
· | Evaporators with vertical tubes

|  | B01D 1/08 |
· · | with short tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/10 |
· · | with long tubes, e.g. Kestner evaporators (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/12 |
· · | and forced circulation

|  | B01D 1/14 |
· | with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid

|  | B01D 1/16 |
· | by spraying (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/22 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/18 |
· · | to obtain dry solids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 1/24 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 1/20 |
· · | Sprayers (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B)

|  | B01D 1/22 |
· | by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface

|  | B01D 1/24 |
· · | to obtain dry solids

|  | B01D 1/26 |
· | Multiple-effect evaporating

|  | B01D 1/28 |
· | with vapour compression

|  | B01D 1/30 |
· | Accessories for evaporators

|  | B01D 3/00 |
Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping (gas chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/08; destructive distillation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B) [2]

|  | B01D 3/02 |
· | in boilers or stills [2]

|  | B01D 3/04 |
· | pipe stills

|  | B01D 3/06 |
· | Flash distillation [2]

|  | B01D 3/08 |
· | in rotating vessels; Atomisation on rotating discs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/10 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 3/10 |
· | Vacuum distillation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/12 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01D 3/12 |
· | Molecular distillation [2]

|  | B01D 3/14 |
· | Fractional distillation

|  | B01D 3/16 |
· · | Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid (loose filling elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/20)

|  | B01D 3/18 |
· · · | with horizontal bubble plates

|  | B01D 3/20 |
· · · · | Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid

|  | B01D 3/22 |
· · · | with horizontal sieve plates or grids; Construction of sieve plates or grids

|  | B01D 3/24 |
· · · | with sloping plates or elements mounted stepwise

|  | B01D 3/26 |
· · | Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow pass each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction

|  | B01D 3/28 |
· · · | Fractionating columns with surface contact and vertical guides, e.g. film action

|  | B01D 3/30 |
· · | Fractionating columns with movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused

|  | B01D 3/32 |
· · | Other features of fractionating columns

|  | B01D 3/34 |
· | with one or more auxiliary substances

|  | B01D 3/36 |
· · | Azeotropic distillation

|  | B01D 3/38 |
· · | Steam distillation

|  | B01D 3/40 |
· · | Extractive distillation

|  | B01D 3/42 |
· | Regulation; Control

|  | B01D 5/00 |
Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 8/00 takes precedence; condensers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28B)

|  | B01D 7/00 |
Sublimation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 8/00 takes precedence; freeze-drying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26)

|  | B01D 7/02 |
· | Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase (into single crystals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B 23/00) [2]

|  | B01D 8/00 |
Cold traps; Cold baffles (pumps for evacuating by condensing or freezing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 37/08) [3]

|  | B01D 9/00 |
Crystallisation (crystallisation directly from the vapour phase Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 7/02; making single crystals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B)

|  | B01D 9/02 |
· | from solutions

|  | B01D 9/04 |
· · | concentrating solutions by removing frozen solvent therefrom

|  | B01D 11/00 |
Solvent extraction

|  | B01D 11/02 |
· | of solids

|  | B01D 11/04 |
· | of solutions which are liquid

|  | B01D 12/00 |
Displacing liquid, e.g. from wet solids or from dispersions of liquids or from solids in liquids, by means of another liquid

|  | B01D 13/00 |
Processes of separation employing semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis

|  | B01D 13/02 |
· | Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis

|  | B01D 13/04 |
· | Special methods for the production of semi-permeable membranes (manufacture of films of plastics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08J 5/18, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29; manufacture of parchmentised paper Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21)

|  | B01D 15/00 |
Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with adsorbents (ion exchange processes, absorption or adsorption in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J)

|  | B01D 15/02 |
· | with moving adsorbents

|  | B01D 15/04 |
· | with ion-exchange materials as adsorbents

|  | B01D 15/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J )

|  | B01D 15/08 |
· | Selective adsorption; Chromatography

|  | B01D 17/00 |
Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e. g by thermal diffusion (devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water, or sewage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/40)

|  | B01D 17/02 |
· | Separation of non-miscible liquids

|  | B01D 17/04 |
· · | Breaking emulsions

|  | B01D 17/06 |
· | Separation of liquids from each other by electricity (electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C)

|  | B01D 17/08 |
· | Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration

|  | B01D 17/10 |
· · | with stationary filtering elements

|  | B01D 19/00 |
Degasification of liquids

|  | B01D 19/02 |
· | Foam dispersion or prevention (during boiling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01B 1/02; during fermentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12)

|  | B01D 19/04 |
· · | by addition of chemical substances

|  | B01D 21/00 |
Separation of suspended particles from liquids by sedimentation (differential sedimentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D 3/00)

|  | B01D 21/01 |
· | using flocculating agents (for purifying water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/52; for liquid radioactive waste Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F 9/10) [2]

|  | B01D 21/02 |
· | Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid

|  | B01D 21/04 |
· · | with moving scrapers

|  | B01D 21/06 |
· · · | with rotating scrapers

|  | B01D 21/08 |
· · | provided with flocculating compartments

|  | B01D 21/10 |
· | Settling tanks with multiple outlets for the separated liquids

|  | B01D 21/12 |
· · | with moving scrapers

|  | B01D 21/14 |
· · · | with rotating scrapers

|  | B01D 21/16 |
· · | provided with flocculating compartments

|  | B01D 21/18 |
· | Construction of the scrapers or the driving mechanisms for settling tanks

|  | B01D 21/20 |
· · | Driving mechanisms

|  | B01D 21/22 |
· · | Safety mechanisms

|  | B01D 21/24 |
· | Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks

|  | B01D 21/26 |
· | Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C)

|  | B01D 23/00 - B01D 41/00 |
Filtration; Filtering material, regeneration thereof (screens or sieves per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B 1/00)

|  | B01D 23/00 |
Gravity filters (with moving filtering elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 33/18)

|  | B01D 23/02 |
· | with fixed filter bodies

|  | B01D 23/04 |
· · | with filter bags filtering from the inside

|  | B01D 23/06 |
· · | with rigid tubular bodies

|  | B01D 23/08 |
· · | with saucer-shaped filtering elements

|  | B01D 23/10 |
· | with loose filter material

|  | B01D 23/12 |
· · | with filtering material supported on louvred sides

|  | B01D 23/14 |
· · | Carbon filters

|  | B01D 23/16 |
· · | Sand or gravel filters

|  | B01D 23/18 |
· · | Bottoms of filter beds

|  | B01D 23/20 |
· | Feed or discharge devices (nozzles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B)

|  | B01D 23/24 |
· | Regeneration of the filter material in the filter

|  | B01D 23/26 |
· | integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration

|  | B01D 23/28 |
· | Filter funnels; Holders therefor (funnels in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67C)

|  | B01D 25/00 |
Filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts of such elements

|  | B01D 25/02 |
· | in which the elements are pre-formed independent filtering units

|  | B01D 25/04 |
· | with screens or sheets, e.g. cloths, paper (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 25/06 |
· | with loose, granular or fibrous filtering material

|  | B01D 25/08 |
· | with rigid self-supporting filtering elements

|  | B01D 25/10 |
· | in which the suspended particles form the filtering medium

|  | B01D 25/12 |
· | Filter presses, i.e. of the plate or plate and frame type

|  | B01D 25/14 |
· · | Clamping means

|  | B01D 25/16 |
· | Edge filters, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces

|  | B01D 25/18 |
· · | filtering between the edges of flat stacked bodies

|  | B01D 25/20 |
· · | filtering between the windings of helically wound elements

|  | B01D 25/22 |
· | Cell-type filters

|  | B01D 25/24 |
· · | Cell-type roll filters

|  | B01D 25/26 |
· · | Cell-type stack filters

|  | B01D 25/28 |
· | Leaching or washing filter cakes in the filter

|  | B01D 25/30 |
· | Feeding devices

|  | B01D 25/32 |
· | Removal of filter cakes

|  | B01D 25/34 |
· · | by moving the filter elements

|  | B01D 25/36 |
· · · | by centrifugal force

|  | B01D 25/38 |
· · | by moving parts, e.g. scrapers, contacting stationary filter elements

|  | B01D 27/00 |
Cartridge filters

|  | B01D 27/02 |
· | with cartridges made from a mass of loose material

|  | B01D 27/04 |
· | with cartridges made of a piece of unitary material, e.g. filter paper

|  | B01D 27/06 |
· · | with folds or corrugations

|  | B01D 27/08 |
· | Construction of the casing

|  | B01D 27/10 |
· | Safety devices, e.g. by-passes (by-passes in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/14)

|  | B01D 27/12 |
· | Regeneration

|  | B01D 29/00 |
Other pressure filters with filtering elements which are stationary during filtration

|  | B01D 29/02 |
· | in which the filtering elements are moved between filtering operations

|  | B01D 29/04 |
· | with screens or sheets, e.g. cloth, paper

|  | B01D 29/06 |
· · | with corrugated, folded, or wound sheets

|  | B01D 29/08 |
· | with loose, granular, or fibrous filtering material

|  | B01D 29/10 |
· | Bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve, or like filters

|  | B01D 29/12 |
· · | having flexible filtering material

|  | B01D 29/14 |
· · · | which is supported

|  | B01D 29/16 |
· · · · | on solid frames with surface grooves and the like

|  | B01D 29/18 |
· · · · | to take up a concertina shape during filtration

|  | B01D 29/20 |
· · | having rigid self-supporting filtering material

|  | B01D 29/22 |
· · · | by edge filtration, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces (with mechanical pressure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 25/16)

|  | B01D 29/24 |
· · | with multiple filtering units

|  | B01D 29/26 |
· · · | arranged concentrically

|  | B01D 29/28 |
· · | which are vibrated

|  | B01D 29/30 |
· · | which are open-ended

|  | B01D 29/32 |
· · | Filter candles

|  | B01D 29/34 |
· | with hollow discs side-by-side on or around one or more tubes

|  | B01D 29/36 |
· | integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration

|  | B01D 29/38 |
· | Regeneration of the filtering material in the filter

|  | B01D 29/40 |
· · | by centrifugal force

|  | B01D 29/42 |
· | having feed or discharge devices

|  | B01D 31/00 |
Ultra-filters

|  | B01D 31/02 |
· | Electric ultra-filters (electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C)

|  | B01D 33/00 |
Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation

|  | B01D 33/02 |
· | with rotating filtering surfaces

|  | B01D 33/04 |
· · | with filtering bands and the like supported on non-filtering cylinders

|  | B01D 33/06 |
· · | with cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums

|  | B01D 33/08 |
· · · | Drums provided with cells each independently connected with pressure distributor

|  | B01D 33/10 |
· · · | Drums with a single compartment

|  | B01D 33/12 |
· · · | combined with filtering bands and the like

|  | B01D 33/14 |
· · · · | with endless filtering bands

|  | B01D 33/16 |
· · · | with loose, granular, or fibrous filtering material

|  | B01D 33/18 |
· · · | Gravity filters

|  | B01D 33/20 |
· · · · | with external feed

|  | B01D 33/22 |
· · | with plane surfaces

|  | B01D 33/24 |
· · · | with rotary tables

|  | B01D 33/26 |
· · · | with hollow discs transversely mounted on a hollow shaft

|  | B01D 33/28 |
· · · | with hollow frames axially mounted on a hollow shaft

|  | B01D 33/30 |
· · · | with loose, granular, or fibrous filtering material

|  | B01D 33/32 |
· · | with filtering surfaces travelling along conveyers (tipping bucket type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 35/08)

|  | B01D 33/34 |
· | Accessories

|  | B01D 33/36 |
· · | Devices for handling the filter cake

|  | B01D 33/38 |
· · | Feed or discharge devices for liquids

|  | B01D 33/40 |
· · | Pressure distribution systems

|  | B01D 35/00 |
Other filtering devices; Auxiliary devices for filtration (filtering material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 39/00; devices specially adapted for filtering gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 46/00)

|  | B01D 35/02 |
· | Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks

|  | B01D 35/04 |
· · | Plug, tap, and cock filters

|  | B01D 35/06 |
· | Filters making use of electricity or magnetism (electric ultra-filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 31/02; devices comprising filters and magnetic separators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C 1/30)

|  | B01D 35/08 |
· | Filters with tipping buckets or trays

|  | B01D 35/10 |
· | Brush filters

|  | B01D 35/12 |
· | Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi-unit filters, e.g. for regeneration

|  | B01D 35/14 |
· | Safety devices specially adapted for filtration (preventing or minimising fires or explosions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C); Devices for indicating clogging

|  | B01D 35/16 |
· | Cleaning-out devices

|  | B01D 35/18 |
· | Heating or cooling the filters

|  | B01D 35/20 |
· | Vibrating the filters

|  | B01D 35/22 |
· | Directing the mixture to be filtered on to the filters in a manner to clean the filters

|  | B01D 35/24 |
· | Providing loose granular material to scratch the filters clean

|  | B01D 35/26 |
· | Filters with built-in pumps

|  | B01D 35/28 |
· | Strainers not provided for elsewhere

|  | B01D 37/00 |
Processes of filtration (processes specially adapted for filtering gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 46/00)

|  | B01D 37/02 |
· | Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered

|  | B01D 37/04 |
· | Controlling the filtration

|  | B01D 39/00 |
Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids (materials per se, see the relevant classes)

|  | B01D 39/02 |
· | Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres

|  | B01D 39/04 |
· · | Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton

|  | B01D 39/06 |
· · | Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres

|  | B01D 39/08 |
· | Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material (metallic Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 39/10)

|  | B01D 39/10 |
· | Filter screens essentially made of metal

|  | B01D 39/12 |
· · | of wire gauze; of knitted wire; of expanded metal

|  | B01D 39/14 |
· | Other self-supporting filtering material

|  | B01D 39/16 |
· · | of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres

|  | B01D 39/18 |
· · · | the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof (making filter paper Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21F 11/14)

|  | B01D 39/20 |
· · | of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires (porous ceramic material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B 21/00; sintering metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C 1/04)

|  | B01D 41/00 |
Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids

|  | B01D 41/02 |
· | of loose filtering material

|  | B01D 41/04 |
· | of rigid self-supporting filtering material

|  | B01D 43/00 |
Separating particles from liquids, or liquids from solids, otherwise than by sedimentation or filtration (magnetic or electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C; flotation processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D 1/00; drying solid materials or objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26B)

|  | B01D 45/00 - B01D 51/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours (separating pneumatically-conveyed materials from propelling gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 53/60; air cleaners for the intakes of combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M 35/00, of compressors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B 39/16)

|  | B01D 45/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces

|  | B01D 45/02 |
· | by utilising gravity

|  | B01D 45/04 |
· | by utilising inertia (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 45/12 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 45/06 |
· · | by reversal of direction of flow

|  | B01D 45/08 |
· · | by impingement against baffle separators

|  | B01D 45/10 |
· · · | which are wetted

|  | B01D 45/12 |
· | by centrifugal forces (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C)

|  | B01D 45/14 |
· · | generated by rotating vanes, discs, drums or brushes

|  | B01D 45/16 |
· · | generated by the winding course of the gas stream

|  | B01D 45/18 |
· | Cleaning-out devices

|  | B01D 46/00 |
Filters and filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours (filtering elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 23/00-B01D 35/00; filtering material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 39/00; their regeneration outside the filters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 41/00)

|  | B01D 46/02 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material

|  | B01D 46/04 |
· · | Cleaning filters

|  | B01D 46/06 |
· · | with means keeping the working surfaces flat

|  | B01D 46/08 |
· · · | the working surfaces forming a star shape

|  | B01D 46/10 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets, or pads having plane surfaces

|  | B01D 46/12 |
· · | in multiple arrangements

|  | B01D 46/14 |
· · | arranged in a star shape

|  | B01D 46/16 |
· · | arranged on non-filtering conveyers

|  | B01D 46/18 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filtering belts

|  | B01D 46/20 |
· · | the belts combined with drums

|  | B01D 46/22 |
· · | the belts travelling during filtering

|  | B01D 46/24 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies

|  | B01D 46/26 |
· · | rotatable

|  | B01D 46/28 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter brushes

|  | B01D 46/30 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material

|  | B01D 46/32 |
· · | the material moving during filtering

|  | B01D 46/34 |
· · · | not horizontally, e.g. using shoots

|  | B01D 46/36 |
· · · | as a substantially horizontal layer, e.g. on rotary tables, drums, conveyer belts

|  | B01D 46/38 |
· · · | as fluidised bed

|  | B01D 46/40 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using edge filters, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces

|  | B01D 46/42 |
· | Auxiliary equipment and operation thereof

|  | B01D 46/44 |
· · | controlling filtration

|  | B01D 46/46 |
· · · | automatic

|  | B01D 46/48 |
· · | Removing dust other than cleaning filters

|  | B01D 46/50 |
· · | Means for discharging electrostatic potential

|  | B01D 46/52 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded material

|  | B01D 46/54 |
· | Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms

|  | B01D 47/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or air or vapours by liquid as separating agent (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 45/10 takes precedence; fractionating columns or parts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/16)

|  | B01D 47/02 |
· | by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath

|  | B01D 47/04 |
· | by passing the gas or air or vapour through foam

|  | B01D 47/05 |
· | by condensation of the separating agent [3]

|  | B01D 47/06 |
· | Spray cleaning

|  | B01D 47/08 |
· · | with rotary nozzles

|  | B01D 47/10 |
· | Venturi scrubbers

|  | B01D 47/12 |
· | Washers with plural different washing sections (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 47/14 takes precedence)

|  | B01D 47/14 |
· | Packed scrubbers

|  | B01D 47/16 |
· | Apparatus having rotary means, other than rotatable nozzles, for atomising the cleaning liquid

|  | B01D 47/18 |
· · | with horizontally-arranged shafts

|  | B01D 49/00 |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or air or vapours by other methods (magnetic or electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C)

|  | B01D 49/02 |
· | by thermal repulsion

|  | B01D 50/00 |
Combinations of devices for separating particles from gases or vapours

|  | B01D 51/00 |
Auxiliary pre-treatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned (preventing dust fires Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C)

|  | B01D 51/02 |
· | Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation

|  | B01D 51/04 |
· · | by seeding, e.g. by adding particles

|  | B01D 51/06 |
· · | by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour

|  | B01D 51/08 |
· · · | by sound or ultrasonics

|  | B01D 51/10 |
· | Conditioning the gas to be cleaned

|  | B01D 53/00 |
Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical purification of smoke, fumes, or exhaust gases (recovery of volatile solvents by condensation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 5/00; sublimation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 7/00; cold traps, cold baffles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 8/00; adsorption or absorption in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J; cleaning coal gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10K; separation of difficultly-condensable gases or air by liquefaction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25J)

|  | B01D 53/02 - B01D 53/32 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/34 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/02-B01D 53/32.

|  | B01D 53/02 |
· | by adsorption

|  | B01D 53/04 |
· · | with stationary adsorbents

|  | B01D 53/06 |
· · | with moving adsorbents

|  | B01D 53/08 |
· · · | according to the "moving bed" method

|  | B01D 53/10 |
· · · | with dispersed adsorbents

|  | B01D 53/12 |
· · · · | according to the "fluidised technique"

|  | B01D 53/14 |
· | by absorption

|  | B01D 53/16 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 53/14 )

|  | B01D 53/18 |
· · | Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 3/30 take precedence)

|  | B01D 53/20 |
· · · | Loose filling elements for absorbing units

|  | B01D 53/22 |
· | by diffusion

|  | B01D 53/24 |
· | by centrifugal force (centrifuges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B; cyclones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C)

|  | B01D 53/26 |
· | Drying gases or vapours

|  | B01D 53/28 |
· · | Selection of materials for use as drying agents

|  | B01D 53/30 |
· | Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus (regulating non electrical variables in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D)

|  | B01D 53/32 |
· | by electrical effects other than those provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 13/02 (electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C)

|  | B01D 53/34 |
· | Chemical purification of waste gases, e.g. smoke, fumes, flue gases, engine exhaust gases (non-chemical aspects of purifying or otherwise treating engine exhaust gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N 3/00)

|  | B01D 53/36 |
· · | by catalytic conversion [3]

|  | B01D 57/00 |
Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or sub-class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C

|  | B01D 57/02 |
· | by electrophoresis (electrophoretic production of compounds or non-metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 7/00; investigating or analysing materials by using eletrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/26) [3]

|  | B01D 59/00 |
Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element (preventing occurrence of critical conditions when producing fissile material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21; shielding from radioactivity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F)

|  | B01D 59/02 |
· | Separation by phase transition

|  | B01D 59/04 |
· · | by distillation

|  | B01D 59/06 |
· · | by fractional melting; by zone melting

|  | B01D 59/08 |
· · | by fractional crystallisation, by precipitation, by zone freezing

|  | B01D 59/10 |
· | Separation by diffusion

|  | B01D 59/12 |
· · | by diffusion through barriers

|  | B01D 59/14 |
· · · | Construction of the barrier

|  | B01D 59/16 |
· · | by thermal diffusion

|  | B01D 59/18 |
· · | by separation jets

|  | B01D 59/20 |
· | Separation by centrifuging

|  | B01D 59/22 |
· | Separation by extracting

|  | B01D 59/24 |
· · | by solvent extraction

|  | B01D 59/26 |
· · | by sorption, i.e. absorption, adsorption, persorption

|  | B01D 59/28 |
· | Separation by chemical exchange

|  | B01D 59/30 |
· · | by ion exchange

|  | B01D 59/32 |
· · | by exchange between fluids

|  | B01D 59/33 |
· · · | involving dual temperature exchange [2]

|  | B01D 59/34 |
· | Separation by photochemical methods

|  | B01D 59/36 |
· | Separation by biological methods

|  | B01D 59/38 |
· | Separation by electrochemical methods (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J)

|  | B01D 59/40 |
· · | by electrolysis

|  | B01D 59/42 |
· · | by electromigration; by electrophoresis

|  | B01D 59/44 |
· | Separation by mass spectrography (particle spectrometer or separator tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 49/00)

|  | B01D 59/46 |
· · | using only electrostatic fields

|  | B01D 59/48 |
· · | using electrostatic and magnetic fields

|  | B01D 59/50 |
· | Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/34, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/38, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/44