|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01S |
RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING, LOCATING, DISTANCE OR VELOCITY MEASURING; RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS; ANALOGOUS SYSTEMS EMPLOYING OTHER WAVES (for special applications, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; navigation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C; measuring infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01H; measuring infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet radiation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J; transducers per se, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; detecting masses or objects not involving reflection or reradiation, geophysics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V; aerials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01Q)

|  | G01S |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), and to Note (1) following the title of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B.

|  | G01S 1/00 |
Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith (position-fixing by co-ordinating a plurality of determinations of direction or position lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 5/00) [2]

|  | G01S 1/02 |
· | using radio waves

|  | G01S 1/04 |
· · | Details

|  | G01S 1/06 |
· · · | Means for providing multiple indication, e.g. coarse and fine indications

|  | G01S 1/08 |
· · | Systems for determining direction or position line

|  | G01S 1/10 |
· · · | using amplitude comparison of signals transmitted sequentially from aerials or aerial systems having differently-oriented overlapping directivity-characteristics, e.g. equi-signal A-N type

|  | G01S 1/12 |
· · · · | the signals being transmitted sequentially from an aerial or aerial system having the orientation of its directivity characteristic periodically varied, e.g. by means of sequentially effective reflectors

|  | G01S 1/14 |
· · · | using amplitude comparison of signals transmitted simultaneously from aerials or aerial systems having differently-oriented overlapping directivity-characteristics

|  | G01S 1/16 |
· · · · | Azimuthal guidance systems, e.g. system for defining aircraft approach path, localiser system

|  | G01S 1/18 |
· · · · | Elevational guidance systems, e.g. system for defining aircraft glide path

|  | G01S 1/20 |
· · · | using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional aerials or aerial systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems

|  | G01S 1/22 |
· · · · | the synchronised signals being frequency modulations on carrier waves and the transit times being compared by measuring difference of instantaneous frequencies of received carrier waves

|  | G01S 1/24 |
· · · · | the synchronised signals being pulses or equivalent modulations on carrier waves and the transit times being compared by measuring the difference in arrival time of a significant part of the modulations

|  | G01S 1/26 |
· · · · · | Systems in which pulses or time-base signals are generated locally at the receiver and brought into predetermined time-relationship with received signals, e.g. pulse duration coincides with time interval between arrival of significant part of modulation of signals received from first and second aerials or aerial systems

|  | G01S 1/28 |
· · · · · · | wherein the predetermined time-relationship is maintained automatically

|  | G01S 1/30 |
· · · · | the synchronised signals being continuous waves or intermittent trains of continuous waves, the intermittency not being for the purpose of determining direction or position line and the transit times being compared by measuring the phase difference

|  | G01S 1/32 |
· · · · · | Systems in which the signals received, with or without amplification, or signals derived therefrom, are compared in phase directly

|  | G01S 1/34 |
· · · · · | Systems in which first and second synchronised signals are transmitted from both aerials or aerial systems and a beat frequency, obtained by heterodyning the first signals with each other is compared in phase with a beat frequency obtained by heterodyning the second signals with each other

|  | G01S 1/36 |
· · · · · | Systems in which a beat frequency, obtained by heterodyning the synchronised signals, is compared in phase with a reference signal having a phase substantially independent of direction

|  | G01S 1/38 |
· · · | using comparison of (1) the phase of the envelope of the change of frequency, due to Doppler effect, of the signal transmitted by an aerial moving, or appearing to move, in a cyclic path with (2) the phase of a reference signal, the frequency of this reference signal being synchronised with that of the cyclic movement, or apparent cyclic movement, of the aerial

|  | G01S 1/40 |
· · · · | the apparent movement of the aerial being produced by cyclic sequential energisation of fixed aerials

|  | G01S 1/42 |
· · | Conical-scan beam beacons transmitting signals which indicate at a mobile receiver any displacement of the receiver from the conical-scan axis, e.g. for "beam-riding" missile control

|  | G01S 1/44 |
· · | Rotating or oscillating beam beacons defining directions in the plane of rotation or oscillation

|  | G01S 1/46 |
· · · | Broad-beam systems producing at a receiver a substantially continuous sinusoidal envelope signal of the carrier wave of the beam, the phase angle of which is dependent upon the angle between the direction of the receiver from the beacon and a reference direction from the beacon, e.g. cardioid system

|  | G01S 1/48 |
· · · · | wherein the phase angle of the direction-dependent envelope signal is a multiple of the direction angle, e.g. for "fine" bearing indication

|  | G01S 1/50 |
· · · · | wherein the phase angle of the direction-dependent envelope signal is compared with a non-direction-dependent reference signal

|  | G01S 1/52 |
· · · · | wherein the phase angles of a plurality of direction-dependent envelope signals produced by a plurality of beams rotating at different speeds or in different directions are compared

|  | G01S 1/54 |
· · · | Narrow-beam systems producing at a receiver a pulse-type envelope signal of the carrier wave of the beam, the timing of which is dependent upon the angle between the direction of the receiver from the beacon and a reference direction from the beacon; Overlapping broad beam systems defining a narrow zone and producing at a receiver a pulse-type envelope signal of the carrier wave of the beam, the timing of which is dependent upon the angle between the direction of the receiver from the beacon and a reference direction from the beacon

|  | G01S 1/56 |
· · · · | Timing the pulse-type envelope signals derived by reception of beam

|  | G01S 1/58 |
· · · · | wherein a characteristic of the beam transmitted or of an auxiliary signal is varied in time synchronously with rotation or oscillation of the beam

|  | G01S 1/60 |
· · · · · | Varying frequency of beam signal or of auxiliary signal

|  | G01S 1/62 |
· · · · · | Varying phase-relationship between beam and auxiliary signal

|  | G01S 1/64 |
· · · · · | Varying pulse timing, e.g. varying interval between pulses radiated in pairs

|  | G01S 1/66 |
· · · · · | Superimposing direction-indicating intelligence signals, e.g. speech, Morse

|  | G01S 1/68 |
· · | Marker, boundary, call-sign, and like beacons transmitting signals not carrying directional information

|  | G01S 1/69 |
· | using subatomic particles [2]

|  | G01S 1/70 |
· | using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

|  | G01S 1/72 |
· | using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves (signalling devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B)

|  | G01S 3/00 |
Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received (position-fixing by co-ordinating a plurality of determinations of direction or position lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 5/00; for geophysical measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C; telescope mountings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B)

|  | G01S 3/02 |
· | using radio waves

|  | G01S 3/04 |
· · | Details

|  | G01S 3/06 |
· · · | Means for increasing effective directivity, e.g. by combining signals having differently- oriented directivity characteristics, by sharpening the envelope waveform of the signal desired from a rotating or oscillating beam aerial (comparing amplitude of signals having differently-oriented directivity characteristics to determine direction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/28; modifications of aerials or aerial systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01Q)

|  | G01S 3/08 |
· · · | Means for reducing polarisation errors, e.g. by use of Adcock or spaced loop aerial systems

|  | G01S 3/10 |
· · · | Means for reducing or compensating for quadrantal, site, or like errors

|  | G01S 3/12 |
· · · | Means for determining sense of direction, e.g. by combining signals from directional aerial or goniometer search coil with those from non-directional aerial (determining direction by amplitude comparison of signals derived by combining directional and non-directional signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/34)

|  | G01S 3/14 |
· · | Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction

|  | G01S 3/16 |
· · · | using amplitude comparison of signals derived sequentially from receiving aerials or aerial systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics or from an aerial system having periodically-varied orientation of directivity characteristic

|  | G01S 3/18 |
· · · · | derived directly from separate directional aerials

|  | G01S 3/20 |
· · · · | derived by sampling signal received by an aerial system having periodically-varied orientation of directivity characteristic

|  | G01S 3/22 |
· · · · | derived from different combinations of signals from separate aerials, e.g. comparing sum with difference

|  | G01S 3/24 |
· · · · · | the separate aerials comprising one directional aerial and one non-directional aerial, e.g. combination of loop and open aerials producing a reversed cardioid directivity characteristic

|  | G01S 3/26 |
· · · · · | the separate aerials having differently- oriented directivity characteristics

|  | G01S 3/28 |
· · · | using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving aerials or aerial systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics

|  | G01S 3/30 |
· · · · | derived directly from separate directional systems

|  | G01S 3/32 |
· · · · | derived from different combinations of signals from separate aerials, e.g. comparing sum with difference

|  | G01S 3/34 |
· · · · · | the separate aerials comprising one directional aerial and one non-directional aerial, e.g. combination of loop and open aerials producing a reversed cardioid directivity characteristic

|  | G01S 3/36 |
· · · · · | the separate aerials having differently- oriented directivity characteristics

|  | G01S 3/38 |
· · · | using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristic of an aerial or an aerial system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that aerial or aerial system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01S 3/40 |
· · · · | adjusting orientation of a single directivity characteristic to produce maximum or minimum signal, e.g. rotatable loop aerial, equivalent goniometer system

|  | G01S 3/42 |
· · · · | the desired condition being maintained automatically

|  | G01S 3/44 |
· · · · | the adjustment being varied periodically or continuously until it is halted automatically when the desired condition is attained

|  | G01S 3/46 |
· · · | using aerials spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems

|  | G01S 3/48 |
· · · · | the waves arriving at the aerials being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured

|  | G01S 3/50 |
· · · · | the waves arriving at the aerials being pulse modulated and the time difference of their arrival being measured

|  | G01S 3/52 |
· · · | using a receiving aerial moving, or appearing to move, in a cyclic path to produce a Doppler variation of frequency of the received signal

|  | G01S 3/54 |
· · · · | the apparent movement of the aerial being produced by coupling the receiver cyclically and sequentially to each of several fixed spaced aerials

|  | G01S 3/56 |
· · · | Conical-scan beam systems using signals indicative of the deviation of the direction of reception from the scan axis

|  | G01S 3/58 |
· · · | Rotating or oscillating beam systems using continuous analysis of received signal for determining direction in the plane of rotation or oscillation or for determining deviation from a predetermined direction in such a plane (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/14 takes precedence)

|  | G01S 3/60 |
· · · · | Broad-beam systems producing in the receiver a substantially-sinusoidal envelope signal of the carrier wave of the beam, the phase angle of which is dependent upon the angle between the direction of the transmitter from the receiver and a reference direction from the receiver, e.g. cardioid system

|  | G01S 3/62 |
· · · · · | wherein the phase angle of the signal is indicated by a cathode-ray tube

|  | G01S 3/64 |
· · · · · | wherein the phase angle of the signal is determined by phase comparison with a reference alternating signal varying in synchronism with the directivity variation

|  | G01S 3/66 |
· · · · | Narrow-beam systems producing in the receiver a pulse-type envelope signal of the carrier wave of the beam, the timing of which is dependent upon the angle between the direction of the transmitter from the receiver and a reference direction from the receiver; Overlapping broad-beam systems defining in the receiver a narrow zone and producing a pulse-type envelope signal of the carrier wave of the beam, the timing of which is dependent upon the angle between the direction of the transmitter from the receiver and a reference direction from the receiver

|  | G01S 3/68 |
· · · · · | wherein the timing of the pulse-type envelope signal is indicated by cathode-ray tube (radar cathode-ray tube indicators providing co-ordinated display of distance and direction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 7/10)

|  | G01S 3/70 |
· · · · · | wherein the timing of the pulse-type envelope signal is determined by bringing a locally-generated pulse-type signal into coincidence or other predetermined time-relationship with the envelope signal

|  | G01S 3/72 |
· · | Diversity systems specially adapted for direction-finding

|  | G01S 3/74 |
· · | Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single aerial system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals (systems in which the directions of different signals are determined sequentially and displayed simultaneously Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/14)

|  | G01S 3/76 |
· | using subatomic particles

|  | G01S 3/78 |
· | using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

|  | G01S 3/80 |
· | using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves

|  | G01S 3/82 |
· · | with means for adjusting phase or compensating for time-lag errors

|  | G01S 3/84 |
· · | with indication presented on cathode-ray tubes

|  | G01S 3/86 |
· · | with means for eliminating undesired waves, e.g. disturbing noises

|  | G01S 5/00 |
Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations [2]

|  | G01S 5/02 |
· | using radio waves

|  | G01S 5/04 |
· · | Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders

|  | G01S 5/06 |
· · | Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 5/12 takes precedence)

|  | G01S 5/08 |
· · | Position of single direction-finder fixed by determining direction of a plurality of spaced sources of known location

|  | G01S 5/10 |
· · | Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 5/12 takes precedence)

|  | G01S 5/12 |
· · | by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical, radial (radar indicators providing co-ordinated display of direction and distance Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 7/10)

|  | G01S 5/14 |
· · | Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

|  | G01S 5/15 |
· | using subatomic particles [2]

|  | G01S 5/16 |
· | using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

|  | G01S 5/18 |
· | using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves

|  | G01S 7/00 |
Details of systems according to groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/00

|  | G01S 7/02 |
· | of radio-wave systems

|  | G01S 7/04 |
· · | Display arrangements

|  | G01S 7/06 |
· · · | Cathode-ray tube displays

|  | G01S 7/08 |
· · · · | with vernier indication of distance, e.g. using two cathode-ray tubes

|  | G01S 7/10 |
· · · · | Providing two-dimensional co-ordinated display of distance and direction

|  | G01S 7/12 |
· · · · · | Plan-position indicators, i.e. P. P. I.

|  | G01S 7/14 |
· · · · · · | Sector, off-centre, or expanded- angle display

|  | G01S 7/16 |
· · · · · | Signals displayed as intensity modulation with rectangular co-ordinates representing distance and bearing, e.g. type B

|  | G01S 7/18 |
· · · · · | Distance-height displays; Distance-elevation displays, e.g. type RHI, type E

|  | G01S 7/20 |
· · · · | Stereoscopic displays; Three-dimensional displays; Pseudo-three-dimensional displays

|  | G01S 7/22 |
· · · · | Producing cursor lines and indicia by electronic means

|  | G01S 7/24 |
· · · · | the display being orientated or displaced in accordance with movement of object carrying the transmitting and receiving apparatus, e.g. true-motion radar

|  | G01S 7/26 |
· · · | Displays using electroluminescent panels

|  | G01S 7/28 |
· · | Details of pulse systems

|  | G01S 7/30 |
· · · | Employing storage or delay devices which preserve the pulse form of the echo signal, e.g. for comparing and combining echoes received during different periods

|  | G01S 7/32 |
· · · | Shaping echo pulse signals; Deriving non-pulse signals from echo pulse signals

|  | G01S 7/34 |
· · · | Gain of receiver varied automatically during pulse-recurrence period, e.g. anti-clutter gain control

|  | G01S 7/36 |
· · | Means for anti-jamming (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04K 3/00)

|  | G01S 7/38 |
· · | Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04K 3/00) [2]

|  | G01S 7/40 |
· · | Means for monitoring or calibrating

|  | G01S 7/42 |
· · | Diversity systems specially adapted for radar

|  | G01S 7/44 |
· · | Means for transforming co-ordinates or for evaluating data, e.g. using computers

|  | G01S 7/46 |
· · | Means for tracking by using numerical data

|  | G01S 7/48 |
· | of electromagnetic-wave systems other than radio-wave systems

|  | G01S 7/50 |
· · | of infra-red systems

|  | G01S 7/52 |
· | of ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic systems

|  | G01S 7/54 |
· · | with receivers spaced apart

|  | G01S 7/56 |
· · | Display arrangements

|  | G01S 7/58 |
· · · | for providing variable ranges

|  | G01S 7/60 |
· · · | for providing a permanent recording

|  | G01S 7/62 |
· · | Cathode-ray tube displays

|  | G01S 7/64 |
· · · | Luminous indications (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 7/62 takes precedence)

|  | G01S 7/66 |
· · | with means for eliminating undesired waves, e.g. disturbing noises

|  | G01S 9/00 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/00 )

|  | G01S 9/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/66, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/74, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/86, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/87, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/88 )

|  | G01S 9/04 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/08 )

|  | G01S 9/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/10 )

|  | G01S 9/08 - G01S 9/10 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/12 )

|  | G01S 9/12 - G01S 9/18 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/18 )

|  | G01S 9/20 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/14 )

|  | G01S 9/22 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/44 )

|  | G01S 9/23 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/26 )

|  | G01S 9/233 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/28 )

|  | G01S 9/24 - G01S 9/36 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/34 )

|  | G01S 9/37 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/32 )

|  | G01S 9/38 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/36 )

|  | G01S 9/39 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/38 )

|  | G01S 9/40 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/40 )

|  | G01S 9/42 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/52 )

|  | G01S 9/44 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/58 )

|  | G01S 9/46 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/60 )

|  | G01S 9/48 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/50 )

|  | G01S 9/50 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/62 )

|  | G01S 9/52 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/50 )

|  | G01S 9/56 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/74 )

|  | G01S 9/58 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/84 )

|  | G01S 9/60 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/95 )

|  | G01S 9/62 - G01S 9/64 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/00 )

|  | G01S 9/66 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/00 )

|  | G01S 9/68 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/08 )

|  | G01S 9/70 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/96 )

|  | G01S 11/00 |
Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation (direction-finders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/00; position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 5/00) [2]

|  | G01S 13/00 |
Radar systems, i.e. systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves; Analogous systems where the wavelength or the kind of the wave is irrelevant (using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/00; using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/00) [3]

|  | G01S 13/00 |
Note(s) This group includes: [3] Systems for detecting the presence of an object, for determining the distance or relative velocity of an object, or for providing a co-ordinated display of the distance and direction of an object. Systems for determining the direction of an object by means not employing reflection or reradiation are classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 1/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 3/00. Systems for determining distance or velocity of an object by means not employing reflection or reradiation are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 11/00. [3] Systems arranged for mounting on a moving craft or vehicle and using the reflection of waves from an extended surface external to the craft, e.g. the surface of the earth, to determine the velocity and direction of motion of the craft relative to the surface. [3]

|  | G01S 13/02 |
· | Primary radar systems, i.e. systems using reflection of radio waves; Analogous systems where the wavelength or the kind of wave is irrelevant (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/66 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01S 13/04 |
· · | Systems determining presence of a target (based on relative movement of target Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/56) [3]

|  | G01S 13/06 |
· · | Systems determining position data of a target [3]

|  | G01S 13/08 |
· · · | Systems for measuring distance only (indirect measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/46) [3]

|  | G01S 13/10 |
· · · · | using transmission of interrupted pulse modulated waves (determination of distance by phase measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/32) [3]

|  | G01S 13/12 |
· · · · · | wherein the pulse-recurrence frequency is varied to provide a desired time relationship between the transmission of a pulse and the receipt of the echo of a preceding pulse [3]

|  | G01S 13/14 |
· · · · · | wherein a voltage or current pulse is initiated and terminated in accordance respectively with the pulse transmission and echo reception [3]

|  | G01S 13/16 |
· · · · · · | using counters [3]

|  | G01S 13/18 |
· · · · · | wherein range gates are used [3]

|  | G01S 13/20 |
· · · · · | whereby multiple time-around echos are used or eliminated [3]

|  | G01S 13/22 |
· · · · · | using irregular pulse repetition frequency [3]

|  | G01S 13/24 |
· · · · · | using frequency agility of carrier wave [3]

|  | G01S 13/26 |
· · · · · | wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave [3]

|  | G01S 13/28 |
· · · · · · | with time compression of received pulses [3]

|  | G01S 13/30 |
· · · · · | using more than one pulse per radar period [3]

|  | G01S 13/32 |
· · · · | using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency- or phase-modulated waves [3]

|  | G01S 13/34 |
· · · · · | using transmission of frequency-modulated waves and the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, being heterodyned with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneous transmitted signal to give a beat-frequency signal [3]

|  | G01S 13/36 |
· · · · · | with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal [3]

|  | G01S 13/38 |
· · · · · · | wherein more than one modulation frequency is used [3]

|  | G01S 13/40 |
· · · · · · | wherein the frequency of transmitted signal is adjusted to give a predetermined phase relationship [3]

|  | G01S 13/42 |
· · · | Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates (indirect measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/46) [3]

|  | G01S 13/44 |
· · · · | Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing [3]

|  | G01S 13/46 |
· · · | Indirect determination of position data [3]

|  | G01S 13/48 |
· · · · | using multiple beams at emission or reception [3]

|  | G01S 13/50 |
· · | Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target [3]

|  | G01S 13/52 |
· · · | Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds [3]

|  | G01S 13/54 |
· · · · | with elimination of blind speeds [3]

|  | G01S 13/56 |
· · · · | for presence detection [3]

|  | G01S 13/58 |
· · · | Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems [3]

|  | G01S 13/60 |
· · · · | wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/64 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01S 13/62 |
· · · · | Sense-of-movement determination [3]

|  | G01S 13/64 |
· · · · | Velocity measuring systems using range gates [3]

|  | G01S 13/66 |
· | Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems where the wavelength or the kind of wave is irrelevant [3]

|  | G01S 13/68 |
· · | for angle tracking only [3]

|  | G01S 13/70 |
· · | for range tracking only [3]

|  | G01S 13/72 |
· · | for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar (tracking by using numerical data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 7/46) [3]

|  | G01S 13/74 |
· | Secondary radar systems, i.e. systems using reradiation of radio waves; Analogous systems where the wavelength or the kind of wave is irrelevant [3]

|  | G01S 13/76 |
· · | wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted [3]

|  | G01S 13/78 |
· · · | discriminating between different kinds of targets, e.g. IFF-radar, i.e. identification of friend or foe (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/80 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01S 13/80 |
· · · | Responders; Transponders [3]

|  | G01S 13/82 |
· · | wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted [3]

|  | G01S 13/84 |
· · · | for distance determination by phase measurement [3]

|  | G01S 13/86 |
· | Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder [3]

|  | G01S 13/87 |
· | Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar [3]

|  | G01S 13/88 |
· | Applications of radar or analogous systems where the wavelength or the kind of wave is irrelevant (traffic control systems in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08G) [3]

|  | G01S 13/89 |
· · | Mapping systems; Imaging systems [3]

|  | G01S 13/90 |
· · · | using synthetic aperture techniques [3]

|  | G01S 13/91 |
· · | Traffic control systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/93 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01S 13/92 |
· · · | for velocity measurement [3]

|  | G01S 13/93 |
· · | Anti-collision systems [3]

|  | G01S 13/94 |
· · | Terrain-avoidance systems [3]

|  | G01S 13/95 |
· · | Meteorological radar [3]

|  | G01S 15/00 |
Sonar systems, i.e. systems using the reflection or reradiation of ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves [3]

|  | G01S 15/00 |
Note(s) The note after group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/00 also applies to this group. [3]

|  | G01S 15/02 |
· | using reflection of acoustical waves (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/66 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01S 15/04 |
· · | Systems determining presence of a target [3]

|  | G01S 15/06 |
· · | Systems determining position data of a target [3]

|  | G01S 15/08 |
· · · | Systems for measuring distance only (indirect measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/46) [3]

|  | G01S 15/10 |
· · · · | using transmission of interrupted pulse-modulated waves (determination of distance by phase measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/32) [3]

|  | G01S 15/12 |
· · · · · | wherein the pulse-recurrence frequency is varied to provide a desired time relationship between the transmission of a pulse and the receipt of the echo of a preceding pulse [3]

|  | G01S 15/14 |
· · · · · | wherein a voltage or current pulse is initiated and terminated in accordance respectively with the pulse transmission and echo reception [3]

|  | G01S 15/18 |
· · · · · | wherein range gates are used [3]

|  | G01S 15/32 |
· · · · | using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency- or phase-modulated waves [3]

|  | G01S 15/34 |
· · · · · | using transmission of frequency-modulated waves and the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, being heterodyned with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneous transmitted signal to give a beat-frequency signal [3]

|  | G01S 15/36 |
· · · · · | with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal [3]

|  | G01S 15/42 |
· · · | Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates (indirect measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/46) [3]

|  | G01S 15/46 |
· · · | Indirect determination of position data [3]

|  | G01S 15/50 |
· · | Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target [3]

|  | G01S 15/52 |
· · · | Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds [3]

|  | G01S 15/58 |
· · · | Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems [3]

|  | G01S 15/60 |
· · · · | wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track [3]

|  | G01S 15/62 |
· · · · | Sense-of-movement determination [3]

|  | G01S 15/66 |
· | Sonar tracking systems [3]

|  | G01S 15/74 |
· | Systems using reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe [3]

|  | G01S 15/87 |
· | Combinations of sonar systems [3]

|  | G01S 15/88 |
· | Applications of sonar systems (traffic control systems in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08G) [3]

|  | G01S 15/89 |
· · | Mapping systems; Imaging systems [3]

|  | G01S 15/93 |
· · | Anti-collision systems [3]

|  | G01S 15/96 |
· · | Fish locating systems [3]

|  | G01S 17/00 |
Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves [3]

|  | G01S 17/00 |
Note(s) The note after group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/00 also applies to this group. [3]

|  | G01S 17/02 |
· | Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/66 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01S 17/06 |
· · | Systems determining position data of a target [3]

|  | G01S 17/08 |
· · · | for measuring distance only (indirect measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/46; using a parallactic triangle Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/26) [3]

|  | G01S 17/10 |
· · · · | using transmission of interrupted pulse-modulated waves (determination of distance by phase measurements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/32) [3]

|  | G01S 17/32 |
· · · · | using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves [3]

|  | G01S 17/36 |
· · · · · | with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal [3]

|  | G01S 17/42 |
· · · | Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates (indirect measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/46) [3]

|  | G01S 17/46 |
· · · | Indirect determination of position data [3]

|  | G01S 17/50 |
· · | Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target [3]

|  | G01S 17/58 |
· · · | Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems [3]

|  | G01S 17/66 |
· | Tracking systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves [3]

|  | G01S 17/74 |
· | Systems using reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe [3]

|  | G01S 17/87 |
· | Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves [3]

|  | G01S 17/88 |
· | Applications of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves (traffic control systems in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08G) [3]