|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G06 |
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 71/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63D 15/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63F 1/18; combinations of writing appliances with computing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/08)

|  | G06 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes (particularly the definition of the term "variable") on page 7 of this Section. In this class: The term "data" is understood to be synonymous with "information", and the term "information" is therefore not used in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F. The terms "calculating" and "computing" are both understood to include, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form; of these words "computing" is used throughout the class. "Computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the word "calcul" will serve for either word. In those sub-classes which include simulators: a simulator in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 is concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system; control functions derived from simulators are not in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 but are generally in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, although they may be in the sub-class for the device controlled; measurement of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator is in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; a simulator is regarded as a teaching or training device proper to class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09 if the simulator gives perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations the student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the functioning of apparatus or of a system are in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06, if no provision exists elsewhere. Components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, are classified in the relevant sub-class for these devices or machines and not in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09; a simulator may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale; models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators. The term "record carrier" is understood to mean a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information.

|  | G06F |
DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN WHICH AT LEAST PART OF THE COMPUTATION IS EFFECTED ELECTRICALLY; ARRANGEMENTS FOR HANDLING DIGITAL DATA (computers in which a part of the computation is effected hydraulically or pneumatically Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06D; self-contained input or output peripheral equipment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; impedance networks using digital techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H)

|  | G06F |
Note(s) In this sub-class, the expression "handling" includes processing or transporting of data.

|  | G06F 1/00 |
Details of data-processing equipment not covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00-G06F 13/00

|  | G06F 1/02 |
· | Digital function generators

|  | G06F 1/04 |
· | Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom

|  | G06F 3/00 |
Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements (typewriters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J; conversion of physical variables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; coding or decoding in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/00; transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | G06F 3/02 |
· | Manual input, e.g. key, dial (electromechanical switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; electronic switches characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/94)

|  | G06F 3/023 |
· · | Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. keyboards for generating alphanumeric codes, operand codes, instruction codes (for transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 17/00; for telephone set Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04M 1/23) [3]

|  | G06F 3/027 |
· · · | for insertion of the decimal point [3]

|  | G06F 3/03 |
· · | Arrangements for converting the position of a member into a coded form (in combination with display device Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/033; position-indicating arrangements with manually operated feeler per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 11/06) [3]

|  | G06F 3/033 |
· · | using a movable member co-operating with a display device, e.g. lightpen, joystick, tracing-ball [3]

|  | G06F 3/037 |
· · · | wherein the display device is a cathode-ray tube [3]

|  | G06F 3/04 |
· | Digital input from, or digital output to, one or more distant stations (transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | G06F 3/05 |
· | Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time (sample-and-hold arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 27/02; analogue/digital conversion per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/02; sampling per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00)

|  | G06F 3/06 |
· | Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers

|  | G06F 3/08 |
· · | from or to individual record carriers, e.g. punched card

|  | G06F 3/09 |
· | Digital output to typewriters [3]

|  | G06F 3/10 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/09, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/02 )

|  | G06F 3/12 |
· | Digital output to print unit (digital output to typewriter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/09; printing of alphanumeric characters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/02)

|  | G06F 3/13 |
· | Digital output to plotter [3]

|  | G06F 3/14 |
· | Digital output to display device (output arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/00; control of display in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G)

|  | G06F 3/147 |
· · | using display panels [3]

|  | G06F 3/153 |
· · | using cathode-ray tubes [3]

|  | G06F 3/16 |
· | Sound input; sound output (conversion of speech into digital information or vice versa Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L 1/08)

|  | G06F 3/18 |
· | Digital input from automatic curve follower (automatic curve followers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 11/02) [3]

|  | G06F 5/00 |
Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled (by coding or decoding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/00)

|  | G06F 5/02 |
· | for converting multi-digit numbers from one notational system to another, e.g. decimal to four-line binary

|  | G06F 5/04 |
· | for series/parallel conversion or vice versa and adapted for conjoint operation with a processing unit

|  | G06F 5/06 |
· | for changing the speed of data flow, i.e. speed regularising

|  | G06F 7/00 |
Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled (logic circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/00)

|  | G06F 7/02 |
· | Comparing digital values (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/38 take precedence; comparing pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/22)

|  | G06F 7/04 |
· · | Identity comparison, i.e. for like or unlike values

|  | G06F 7/06 |
· | Arrangements for sorting, selecting, merging, or comparing data on individual record carriers (sorting of postal letters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C; conveying record carriers from one station to another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 13/02)

|  | G06F 7/08 |
· · | Sorting, i.e. grouping record carriers in numerical or other ordered sequence according to the classification of at least some of the information they carry (by merging two or more sets of carriers in ordered sequence Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/16)

|  | G06F 7/10 |
· · | Selecting, i.e. obtaining data of one kind from those record carriers which are identifiable by data of a second kind from a mass of ordered or randomly-distributed record carriers

|  | G06F 7/12 |
· · · | with provision for printing-out a list of selected items

|  | G06F 7/14 |
· · | Merging, i.e. combining at least two sets of record carriers each arranged in the same ordered sequence to produce a single set having the same ordered sequence

|  | G06F 7/16 |
· · · | Combined merging and sorting

|  | G06F 7/20 |
· · | Comparing separate sets of record carriers arranged in the same sequence to determine whether at least some of the data in one set is identical with that in the other set or sets

|  | G06F 7/22 |
· | Arrangements for sorting, selecting, merging, or comparing data on continuous record carriers, e.g. tape, drum, disc

|  | G06F 7/24 |
· · | Sorting, i.e. extracting data from one or more carriers, re-arranging the data in numerical or other ordered sequence, and re-recording the sorted data on the original carrier or on a different carrier or set of carriers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/36 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 7/26 |
· · · | the sorted data being recorded on the original record carrier within the same space in which the data had been recorded prior to their sorting, without using intermediate storage

|  | G06F 7/28 |
· · | Selecting, i.e. choosing digital data of a predetermined kind from a record carrier which has two or more kinds of digital data (special purpose computers for information retrieval, for compiling abstracts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/40)

|  | G06F 7/30 |
· · · | with provisions for printing-out a list of selected items

|  | G06F 7/32 |
· · | Merging, i.e. combining data contained in ordered sequence on at least two record carriers to produce a single carrier or set of carriers having all the original data in the ordered sequence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/36 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 7/34 |
· · | Comparing separate record carriers with data arranged in the same sequence to determine whether at least one of the data on one carrier is identical with that on the other

|  | G06F 7/36 |
· · | Combined merging and sorting

|  | G06F 7/38 |
· | Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation

|  | G06F 7/385 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/50 )

|  | G06F 7/39 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/52 )

|  | G06F 7/395 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/54 )

|  | G06F 7/40 |
· · | using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/46 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 7/42 |
· · · | Adding; Subtracting

|  | G06F 7/44 |
· · · | Multiplying; Dividing

|  | G06F 7/46 |
· · | using electromechanical counter-type accumulators

|  | G06F 7/48 |
· · | using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/56 takes precedence); using unspecified devices

|  | G06F 7/49 |
· · · | Computations with a radix, other than binary, 8, 16 or decimal, e.g. ternary, negative or imaginary radices, mixed radix [3]

|  | G06F 7/50 |
· · · | Adding; Subtracting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/49, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/544-G06F 7/556 take precedence)

|  | G06F 7/52 |
· · · | Multiplying; Dividing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/49, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/544-G06F 7/556 take precedence)

|  | G06F 7/54 |
· · · · | using column-shifting

|  | G06F 7/544 |
· · · | for evaluating functions by calculation (with a look-up table Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 1/02) [3]

|  | G06F 7/548 |
· · · · | Trigonometric functions; Co-ordinate transformations [3]

|  | G06F 7/552 |
· · · · | Powers or roots [3]

|  | G06F 7/556 |
· · · · | Logarithmic or exponential functions [3]

|  | G06F 7/56 |
· · | using electro-optical devices

|  | G06F 7/58 |
· | Random or pseudo-random number generators [3]

|  | G06F 7/60 |
· | Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations [3]

|  | G06F 7/62 |
· · | Performing operations exclusively by counting total number of pulses [3]

|  | G06F 7/64 |
· · | Digital differential analysers, i.e. computing devices for differentiation, integration or solving differential or integral equations, using pulses representing increments; Other incremental computing devices for solving difference equations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/70 takes precedence; differential analysers using hybrid computing techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06J 1/02) [3]

|  | G06F 7/66 |
· · · | wherein pulses represent unitary increments only [3]

|  | G06F 7/68 |
· · | using pulse rate multipliers or dividers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/70 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 7/70 |
· · | using stochastic pulse trains, i.e. randomly occurring pulses the average pulse rates of which represent numbers [3]

|  | G06F 7/72 |
· · | using residue arithmetic [3]

|  | G06F 9/00 |
Arrangements for programme control, e.g. control unit (in regulating or control systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B)

|  | G06F 9/02 |
· | using wired connections, e.g. plugboard

|  | G06F 9/04 |
· | using record carriers containing only programme instructions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/06 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 9/06 |
· | using stored programme, i.e. using internal store of processing equipment to receive and retain programme

|  | G06F 9/08 - G06F 9/10 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/30 )

|  | G06F 9/12 - G06F 9/16 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/22 )

|  | G06F 9/18 - G06F 9/19 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/46 )

|  | G06F 9/20 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/36 )

|  | G06F 9/22 |
· · | Micro-control or micro-programme arrangements [3]

|  | G06F 9/24 |
· · · | Loading of the micro-programme [3]

|  | G06F 9/26 |
· · · | Address formation of the next micro-instruction (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/28 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 9/28 |
· · · | Enhancement of operational speed, e.g. by using several micro-control devices operating in parallel [3]

|  | G06F 9/30 |
· · | Arrangements for executing machine-instructions (for executing micro-instructions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/22; for executing subprogrammes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/40) [3]

|  | G06F 9/32 |
· · · | Address formation of the next instruction, e.g. incrementing the instruction counter, jump (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/38 takes precedence; subprogramme jump Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/42) [3]

|  | G06F 9/34 |
· · · | Accessing the instruction operand, e.g. indirect addressing, variable length operand (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 9/38 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 9/36 |
· · · · | with provisions for address modifications, e.g. indexing [3]

|  | G06F 9/38 |
· · · | Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline, lock ahead [3]

|  | G06F 9/40 |
· · | Arrangements for executing subprogrammes, i.e. combinations of several instructions [3]

|  | G06F 9/42 |
· · · | Formation of subprogramme-jump address or of return address [3]

|  | G06F 9/44 |
· · | Arrangements for executing specific programmes, e.g. emulator, compiler, for Polish notation [3]

|  | G06F 9/46 |
· · | Multiprogramming arrangements, e.g. using interrupt; Priority circuits therefor [3]

|  | G06F 11/00 |
Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring (methods or arrangements for verifying the correctness of marking on a record carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 5/00; in coding or decoding, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/32; in digital-information transmission systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | G06F 11/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/26 )

|  | G06F 11/04 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/22 )

|  | G06F 11/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/30 )

|  | G06F 11/08 |
· | Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes

|  | G06F 11/10 |
· · | Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out nines or elevens

|  | G06F 11/12 |
· · | using codes with inherent redundancy, e.g. m-out-of-n codes

|  | G06F 11/14 |
· | Error detecting or correction of the data by redundancy in operation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/16 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G06F 11/16 |
· | Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware [3]

|  | G06F 11/18 |
· · | using passive faultmasking of the redundant circuits, e.g. by quadding or by majority decision circuits [3]

|  | G06F 11/20 |
· · | using active faultmasking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements [3]

|  | G06F 11/22 |
· | Detection or location of defective hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time [3]

|  | G06F 11/24 |
· · | Marginal checking [3]

|  | G06F 11/26 |
· · | by performing a computation, the result of which is known [3]

|  | G06F 11/28 |
· | by checking the correct order or processing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 11/08-G06F 11/26 take precedence; monitoring patterns of pulse trains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/19) [3]

|  | G06F 11/30 |
· | Monitoring [3]

|  | G06F 11/32 |
· · | with visual indication of the functioning of the machine [3]

|  | G06F 11/34 |
· · | Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation [3]

|  | G06F 13/00 |
Interconnection of storage devices with the functional units of the data-processing equipment

|  | G06F 13/02 |
· | the storage device being of the transit-time type, e.g. delay line

|  | G06F 13/04 |
· | the storage device requiring relative movement with respect to the recording or sensing element

|  | G06F 13/06 |
· | the storage device being a random-access store

|  | G06F 13/08 |
· · | being a magnetic store

|  | G06F 15/00 |
Data-processing equipment characterised by the combination of functions covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/00 and at least one other main group

|  | G06F 15/00 |
Note(s) Inventions classified in the sub-groups of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/00 are classified both in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/02-G06F 15/18 and also in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/20-G06F 15/58 so far as each of these sets of groups is relevant to the invention.

|  | G06F 15/02 |
· | manually operated with input through keyboard and computation using a built-in programme, e.g. desk calculator

|  | G06F 15/04 |
· | programmed simultaneously with the introduction of data to be processed, e.g. on the same record carrier

|  | G06F 15/06 |
· | with a store which receives a complete set of programme steps before the individual data to be processed are introduced

|  | G06F 15/08 |
· · | using a plugboard for programming

|  | G06F 15/10 |
· · · | Tabulators

|  | G06F 15/12 |
· · · · | having provision for both printed and punched output

|  | G06F 15/14 |
· · · | Calculating-punches

|  | G06F 15/16 |
· | Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a programme unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programmes

|  | G06F 15/18 |
· | in which a programme is changed according to experience gained by the computer itself during a complete run; Learning machines (adaptive control systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00)

|  | G06F 15/20 |
· | characterized by a specific application so far as the design or construction of the computing part is concerned

|  | G06F 15/21 |
· · | for administrative or commercial purposes (for language translation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/38; for information retrieval Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/40) [3]

|  | G06F 15/22 |
· · · | for invoicing

|  | G06F 15/24 |
· · · | for inventory purposes; for order filling

|  | G06F 15/26 |
· · · · | for seat reservation

|  | G06F 15/28 |
· · · | for betting on the outcome of an event, e.g. a race, an election; Totalisators

|  | G06F 15/30 |
· · · | for bank or analogous accounting; for calculating earned income

|  | G06F 15/31 |
· · | for complex mathematical operations, e.g. synthesis or analysis of complex mathematical functions [3]

|  | G06F 15/32 |
· · · | for solving equations

|  | G06F 15/324 |
· · · · | Simultaneous equations [3]

|  | G06F 15/328 |
· · · · | Differential equations (using digital differential analysers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/64) [3]

|  | G06F 15/332 |
· · · | Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations [3]

|  | G06F 15/336 |
· · · | Correlation function computation [3]

|  | G06F 15/34 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/31 )

|  | G06F 15/347 |
· · · | Matrix or vector computation [3]

|  | G06F 15/353 |
· · · | Function evaluation by approximation methods, e.g. inter- or extrapolation, smoothing, least mean square method (interpolation for numerical control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/18) [3]

|  | G06F 15/36 |
· · · | for evaluating statistical data

|  | G06F 15/38 |
· · | for language translation

|  | G06F 15/40 |
· · | for information retrieval; for compiling abstracts (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/21-G06F 15/30 take precedence; selecting data from a dynamic store Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 7/28)

|  | G06F 15/42 |
· · | for medical purposes; for biological purposes

|  | G06F 15/44 |
· · | for game playing

|  | G06F 15/46 |
· · | for industrial process control, e.g. quality or quantity control (for scientific processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/42, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/52; computer-controlled regulation systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 15/02; numerical control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/18)

|  | G06F 15/48 |
· · | for traffic control

|  | G06F 15/50 |
· · | for guiding a vehicle or missile along a prescribed course, e.g. carried on vehicle or missile

|  | G06F 15/52 |
· · | for nuclear physics or nuclear engineering (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/42 takes precedence)

|  | G06F 15/54 |
· · | for meteorology, e.g. for weather prediction

|  | G06F 15/56 |
· · | for distribution networks, e.g. electrical network

|  | G06F 15/58 |
· · | for gunlaying; for bomb aiming