|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C12 |
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

|  | C12 |
Note(s) In the field of sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M-C12Q, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Within this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3] Within this class, non-obligatory classifications may be given as additional information relating to the micro-organisms used by means of the symbols of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12R. [3]

|  | C12N |
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N 63/00; food compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; medicinal preparations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; fertilisers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR TISSUE (preservation of living parts of humans or animals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q) [3]

|  | C12N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the scope of the term "micro-organisms" in Note (2) following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12. [3]

|  | C12N 1/00 |
Micro-organisms per se, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof (medicinal preparations containing material from micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 35/66; preparing medicinal bacterial antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. bacterial vaccines, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 39/00); Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving micro-organisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a micro-organism; Culture media therefor (edible compositions containing micro-organisms and processes of preparing same Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23) [3]

|  | C12N 1/02 |
· | Separating micro-organisms from their culture media [3]

|  | C12N 1/04 |
· | Preserving or maintaining viable micro-organisms (immobilised micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 11/00) [3]

|  | C12N 1/06 |
· | Lysis of micro-organisms [3]

|  | C12N 1/08 |
· | Reducing the nucleic acid content [3]

|  | C12N 1/10 |
· | Protozoa; Culture media therefor [3]

|  | C12N 1/12 |
· | Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor (culture of multi-cellular plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01G; as new plants per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01H 13/00) [3]

|  | C12N 1/14 |
· | Fungi (culture of mushrooms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01G 1/04; as new plants per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01H 15/00); Culture media therefor [3]

|  | C12N 1/16 |
· · | Yeasts; Culture media therefor [3]

|  | C12N 1/18 |
· · · | Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast [3]

|  | C12N 1/20 |
· | Bacteria; Culture media therefor [3]

|  | C12N 1/22 |
· | Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof [3]

|  | C12N 1/24 |
· | Processes using, or culture media containing, waste sulphite liquor [3]

|  | C12N 1/26 |
· | Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons (refining of hydrocarbon oils by using micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 32/00) [3]

|  | C12N 1/28 |
· · | aliphatic [3]

|  | C12N 1/30 |
· · · | having five or less carbon atoms [3]

|  | C12N 1/32 |
· | Processes using, or culture media containing, lower alkanols, i.e. C1 to C6 [3]

|  | C12N 1/34 |
· | Processes using foam culture [3]

|  | C12N 1/36 |
· | Adaptation or attenuation of cells [3]

|  | C12N 1/38 |
· | Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 1/34 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C12N 3/00 |
Spore-forming or isolating processes [3]

|  | C12N 5/00 |
Undifferentiated animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor [3]

|  | C12N 5/02 |
· | Propagation of single cells or cells in suspension; Maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor [3]

|  | C12N 7/00 |
Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof (medicinal preparations containing viruses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 35/76; preparing medicinal viral antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. virus vaccines, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 39/00) [3]

|  | C12N 7/02 |
· | Recovery or purification [3]

|  | C12N 7/04 |
· | Inactivation or attenuation; Producing viral sub-units [3]

|  | C12N 7/06 |
· · | by chemical treatment [3]

|  | C12N 7/08 |
· · | by serial passage of virus [3]

|  | C12N 9/00 |
Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.); Proenzymes; Compositions thereof (preparations containing enzymes for cleaning teeth Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 7/28; medicinal preparations containing enzymes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 37/48; enzyme containing detergent compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11D); Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes (preparation of malt Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C 1/00) [3]

|  | C12N 9/00 |
Note(s) Enzymes are generally categorised below according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the groups below in parenthesis. [3]

|  | C12N 9/02 |
· | Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase [3]

|  | C12N 9/04 |
· · | acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1) [3]

|  | C12N 9/06 |
· · | acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7) [3]

|  | C12N 9/08 |
· · | acting on hydrogen peroxide as acceptor (1.11) [3]

|  | C12N 9/10 |
· | Transferases (2.) (ribonucleases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 9/22) [3]

|  | C12N 9/12 |
· · | transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7) [3]

|  | C12N 9/14 |
· | Hydrolases (3.) [3]

|  | C12N 9/16 |
· · | acting on ester bonds (3.1) [3]

|  | C12N 9/18 |
· · · | Carboxylic ester hydrolases [3]

|  | C12N 9/20 |
· · · · | Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase [3]

|  | C12N 9/22 |
· · · | Ribonucleases [3]

|  | C12N 9/24 |
· · | acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) [3]

|  | C12N 9/26 |
· · · | acting on alpha-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. hyaluronidase, invertase, amylase [3]

|  | C12N 9/28 |
· · · · | alpha-amylase from microbial source, e.g. bacterial amylase [3]

|  | C12N 9/30 |
· · · · · | Fungal source [3]

|  | C12N 9/32 |
· · · · | alpha-amylase from plant source [3]

|  | C12N 9/34 |
· · · · | Glucoamylase [3]

|  | C12N 9/36 |
· · · | acting on beta-1, 4 bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and 2-acetylamino 2-deoxy-D-glucose, e.g. lysozyme [3]

|  | C12N 9/38 |
· · · | acting on beta-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. beta-galactosidase [3]

|  | C12N 9/40 |
· · · | acting on alpha-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. alpha-galactosidase [3]

|  | C12N 9/42 |
· · · | acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase [3]

|  | C12N 9/44 |
· · · | acting on alpha-1, 6-glucosidic bonds, e.g. isoamylase, pullulanase [3]

|  | C12N 9/46 |
· · · · | Dextranase [3]

|  | C12N 9/48 |
· · | acting on peptide bonds, e.g. thromboplastin, leucine aminopeptidase (3.4) [3]

|  | C12N 9/50 |
· · · | Proteinases [3]

|  | C12N 9/52 |
· · · · | derived from bacteria [3]

|  | C12N 9/54 |
· · · · · | bacteria being Bacillus [3]

|  | C12N 9/56 |
· · · · · · | Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis [3]

|  | C12N 9/58 |
· · · · | derived from fungi [3]

|  | C12N 9/60 |
· · · · · | from yeast [3]

|  | C12N 9/62 |
· · · · · | from Aspergillus [3]

|  | C12N 9/64 |
· · · · | derived from animal tissue, e.g. rennin [3]

|  | C12N 9/66 |
· · · | Elastase [3]

|  | C12N 9/68 |
· · · | Plasmin, i.e. fibrinolysin [3]

|  | C12N 9/70 |
· · · | Streptokinase [3]

|  | C12N 9/72 |
· · · | Urokinase [3]

|  | C12N 9/74 |
· · · | Thrombin [3]

|  | C12N 9/76 |
· · · | Trypsin; Chymotrypsin [3]

|  | C12N 9/78 |
· · | acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5) [3]

|  | C12N 9/80 |
· · · | acting on amide bonds in linear amides [3]

|  | C12N 9/82 |
· · · · | Asparaginase [3]

|  | C12N 9/84 |
· · · · | Penicillin amidase [3]

|  | C12N 9/86 |
· · · | acting on amide bonds in cyclic amides, e.g. penicillinase [3]

|  | C12N 9/88 |
· | Lyases (4.) [3]

|  | C12N 9/90 |
· | Isomerases (5.) [3]

|  | C12N 9/92 |
· · | Glucose isomerase [3]

|  | C12N 9/94 |
· | Pancreatin [3]

|  | C12N 9/96 |
· | Stabilising an enzyme by forming an adduct or a composition; Forming enzyme conjugates [3]

|  | C12N 9/98 |
· | Preparation of granular or free-flowing enzyme compositions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 9/96 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C12N 9/99 |
· | Enzyme inactivation by chemical treatment [3]

|  | C12N 11/00 |
Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof [3]

|  | C12N 11/02 |
· | Enzymes or microbial cells being immobilised on or in an organic carrier [3]

|  | C12N 11/04 |
· · | entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel, hollow fibre [3]

|  | C12N 11/06 |
· · | attached to the carrier via a bridging agent [3]

|  | C12N 11/08 |
· · | carrier being a synthetic polymer [3]

|  | C12N 11/10 |
· · | carrier being a carbohydrate [3]

|  | C12N 11/12 |
· · · | Cellulose or derivative thereof [3]

|  | C12N 11/14 |
· | Enzyme or microbial cells being immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier [3]

|  | C12N 11/16 |
· | Enzymes or microbial cells being immobilised on or in a biological cell [3]

|  | C12N 11/18 |
· | Multi-enzyme systems [3]

|  | C12N 13/00 |
Treatment of micro-organisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves [3]

|  | C12N 15/00 |
Mutation or genetic engineering (processes for producing plant mutations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01H 1/06) [3]

|  | C12N 15/00 |
Note(s) Processes included in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 15/00 are those wherein there is a modification of the genetic material which would not normally occur in nature without intervention of man which produce a change in the gene structure which is passed on to succeeding generations. [3]