C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

Definitions for Section C:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In the field of sub-classes C12M-C12Q, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. Within this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3]
  3. Within this class, non-obligatory classifications may be given as additional information relating to the micro-organisms used by means of the symbols of sub-class C12R[3]
 C12B
( transferred to C12M, C12N, C12P )

 C12C
BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials A23N; pitching and depitching machines, cellar tools C12L; propagating yeasts C12N 1/14; non-beverage ethanolic fermentation C12P 7/06)

 C12D
( transferred to C12N, C12P )

 C12F
DISTILLATION AND RECTIFICATION OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS; DENATURING OF, AND DENATURED, ALCOHOL

 C12G
WINE; OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION THEREOF (beer C12C)

 C12H
PASTEURISATION; STERILISATION; PRESERVATION; PURIFICATION; CLARIFICATION; AGEING

 C12J
VINEGAR; ITS PREPARATION

 C12K
( transferred to C12M, C12N, C12Q, covered by A61K )

 C12L
PITCHING AND DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS (cleaning of casks B08B 9/00)

 C12M
APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; UNICELLULAR ALGAE, PLANT OR ANIMAL CELL, TISSUE, OR VIRUS-CULTURE APPARATUS (installations for fermenting manure A01C 3/02; preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02; physical or chemical apparatus in general B01; malting or mashing apparatus C12C 1/00; brewing apparatus C12C 13/00; fermentation apparatus for wine C12G; apparatus for preparing vinegar C12J 1/10)  [3]

 C12N
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material A01N 63/00; food compositions A21, A23; medicinal preparations A61K; fertilisers C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR TISSUE (preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q)  [3]
 C12N

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to the scope of the term "micro-organisms" in Note (2) following the title of class C12[3]


 C12P
FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION (fermentation processes to form a food composition A21, A23; compounds per se, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C01, C07; separation of optically active isomers by microbiological processes C07, e.g. C07B 19/02; brewing of beer C12C; producing vinegar C12J; processes for producing enzymes per se C12N)  [3]
 C12P

Note(s)

  1. This sub-class includes both major and minor chemical modifications. If a particular reaction is considered to be pertinent, it is also classified in the relevant chemical compound class, e.g. C07, C08[3]
  2. Group C12P 1/00 provides for processes for producing organic compounds not sufficiently identified to be placed in groups C12P 3/00-C12P 37/00. Compounds identified only by their empirical formulae are not considered to be sufficiently identified. [3]
  3. Metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound. [3]
  4. Compositions are classified in the relevant compound groups. [3]

 C12Q
MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N 33/54); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES  [3]
 C12Q

Note(s)

  1. The term "involving", when used in relation to a substance, includes the testing for the substance as well as employing the substance as a determinant or reactant in a test for a different substance. Test media are classified with the relevant test process. [3]
  2. Inventions dealing with the observation of the progress or of the result of processes specified in this sub-class by any of the methods specified in sub-class G01N 3/00-G01N 29/00, are dealt with in sub-class G01N[3]

 C12R
PROCESSES USING MICRO-ORGANISMS  [3]
 C12R

Note(s)

  1. This sub-class is only for non-obligatory classifications as additional information relating to inventions already classified as obligatory classifications in other sub-classes of class C12. The classification symbols of this sub-class may be added, in conformity with paragraph 80 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke so as to provide information concerning the micro-organisms used in the processes classified in sub-classes C12C-C12Q[3]
  2. The basis for the bacteria terminology is "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology", Eighth Edition, 1975. [3]