|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C02 |
TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (settling tanks, filtering, e.g. sand filters or screening devices, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D)

|  | C02F |
TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F; treating radioactively contaminated liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21F 9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) [3]

|  | C02F 1/00 |
Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 3/00-C02F 9/00 take precedence) [3]

|  | C02F 1/02 |
· | by heating (methods of steam generation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22B; preheating boiler feed-water or accumulating preheated boiler feed-water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22D) [3]

|  | C02F 1/04 |
· · | by distillation or evaporation [3]

|  | C02F 1/06 |
· · · | Flash evaporation [3]

|  | C02F 1/08 |
· · · | Thin film evaporation [3]

|  | C02F 1/10 |
· · · | by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium [3]

|  | C02F 1/12 |
· · · · | Spray evaporation [3]

|  | C02F 1/14 |
· · · | using solar energy [3]

|  | C02F 1/16 |
· · · | using waste heat from other processes [3]

|  | C02F 1/18 |
· · · | Transportable devices to obtain potable water [3]

|  | C02F 1/20 |
· | by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases (arrangement of degassing apparatus in boiler feed supply Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22D; degasification of liquids in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 19/00) [3]

|  | C02F 1/22 |
· | by freezing [3]

|  | C02F 1/24 |
· | by flotation [3]

|  | C02F 1/26 |
· | by extraction [3]

|  | C02F 1/28 |
· | by sorption (using ion-exchange Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/42; sorbent compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J) [3]

|  | C02F 1/30 |
· | by irradiation [3]

|  | C02F 1/32 |
· · | with ultra-violet light [3]

|  | C02F 1/34 |
· | with mechanical oscillations [3]

|  | C02F 1/36 |
· · | ultrasonic vibrations [3]

|  | C02F 1/38 |
· | by centrifugal separation [3]

|  | C02F 1/40 |
· | Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material (cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B 15/04; for use in drains leading to the main sewer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03F 5/16) [3]

|  | C02F 1/42 |
· | by ion-exchange (ion-exchange in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J) [3]

|  | C02F 1/44 |
· | by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis [3]

|  | C02F 1/46 |
· | by electrolysis, electro-osmosis or electrodialysis (electrolytic or electrophoretic processes and apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25) [3]

|  | C02F 1/48 |
· | with magnetic or electric fields (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/46 has precedence) [3]

|  | C02F 1/50 |
· | by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment [3]

|  | C02F 1/52 |
· | by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities [3]

|  | C02F 1/54 |
· · | using organic material [3]

|  | C02F 1/56 |
· · · | Macromolecular compounds [3]

|  | C02F 1/58 |
· | by removing specified dissolved compounds (using ion-exchange Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/42; softening water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 5/00) [3]

|  | C02F 1/60 |
· · | Silicon compounds [3]

|  | C02F 1/62 |
· · | Heavy metal compounds [3]

|  | C02F 1/64 |
· · · | of iron or manganese [3]

|  | C02F 1/66 |
· | by neutralisation; pH adjustment (for degassing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/20; using ion-exchange Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/42; for flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/52; for removing dissolved compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/58) [3]

|  | C02F 1/68 |
· | by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water (medicinal water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K) [3]

|  | C02F 1/70 |
· | by reduction [3]

|  | C02F 1/72 |
· | by oxidation [3]

|  | C02F 1/74 |
· · | with air (aeration of stretches of water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 7/00) [3]

|  | C02F 1/76 |
· · | with halogens or compounds of halogens [3]

|  | C02F 1/78 |
· · | with ozone [3]

|  | C02F 3/00 |
Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage [3]

|  | C02F 3/02 |
· | Aerobic processes [3]

|  | C02F 3/04 |
· · | using trickle filters [3]

|  | C02F 3/06 |
· · | using submerged filters [3]

|  | C02F 3/08 |
· · | using moving contact bodies [3]

|  | C02F 3/10 |
· · | Packings; Fillings; Grids [3]

|  | C02F 3/12 |
· · | Activated sludge processes [3]

|  | C02F 3/14 |
· · · | using surface aeration [3]

|  | C02F 3/16 |
· · · · | the aerator having a vertical axis [3]

|  | C02F 3/18 |
· · · · | the aerator having a horizontal axis [3]

|  | C02F 3/20 |
· · · | using diffusers [3]

|  | C02F 3/22 |
· · · | using circulation pipes [3]

|  | C02F 3/24 |
· · · | using free-fall aeration or spraying [3]

|  | C02F 3/26 |
· · · | using pure oxygen or oxygen-rich gas [3]

|  | C02F 3/28 |
· | Anaerobic digestion processes [3]

|  | C02F 3/30 |
· | Aerobic and anaerobic processes [3]

|  | C02F 3/32 |
· | characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae [3]

|  | C02F 3/34 |
· | characterised by the micro-organism used [3]

|  | C02F 5/00 |
Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents (softening using ion-exchange Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/42) [3]

|  | C02F 5/02 |
· | Softening water by precipitation of the hardness [3]

|  | C02F 5/04 |
· · | using phosphates (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 5/06 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C02F 5/06 |
· · | using calcium compounds [3]

|  | C02F 5/08 |
· | Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents [3]

|  | C02F 5/10 |
· · | using organic substances [3]

|  | C02F 5/12 |
· · · | containing nitrogen (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 5/14 takes precedence) [3]

|  | C02F 5/14 |
· · · | containing phosphorus [3]

|  | C02F 7/00 |
Aeration of stretches of water [3]

|  | C02F 9/00 |
Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage [3]

|  | C02F 9/00 |
Note(s) This group is intended to cover only those combined treating operations where the interest is directed to the relationship between the steps. It would not normally cover, for example, chemical treatment followed by settlement or biological treatment involving normal mechanical treatment. [3]

|  | C02F 11/00 |
Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor [3]

|  | C02F 11/02 |
· | Biological treatment [3]

|  | C02F 11/04 |
· · | Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes [3]

|  | C02F 11/06 |
· | by oxidation (incinerators for burning waste liquors, e.g. sulphite liquor from paper-making plant, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23G 7/04) [3]

|  | C02F 11/08 |
· · | Wet air oxidation [3]

|  | C02F 11/10 |
· | by pyrolysis [3]

|  | C02F 11/12 |
· | by de-watering, drying, or thickening [3]

|  | C02F 11/14 |
· · | with addition of chemical agents [3]

|  | C02F 11/16 |
· · | using drying or composting beds [3]

|  | C02F 11/18 |
· | by thermal conditioning (by pyrolysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 11/10) [3]

|  | C02F 11/20 |
· · | by freezing [3]