|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulphides, and oxysulphides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid and salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00) [2]

|  | C07 |
Note(s) Anhydrides and halides of carboxylic acids are classified as the relevant acids unless otherwise indicated. Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 87/52), sodium malonate is classified as malonic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/08), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F— the alcoholates in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/235 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/44. Salts or adducts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts or adducts. [2] In the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a steroid is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/70), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Albumens, proteins, alkaloids of unknown structure, glucosides of unknown structure are examples of compounds to be found unter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G. Inventions dealing with chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation should be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed when such groups exist. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed when such groups exist. The compounds prepared may be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of compounds prepared.

|  | C07H |
SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF (derivatives of aldonic or saccharic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D; aldonic acids, saccharic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/105, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/285; cyanohydrins Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 121/36; glycals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D; compounds of unknown constitution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G; polysaccharides, derivatives thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08B; sugar and starch industry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13) [2]

|  | C07H |
Note(s) This sub-class is concerned with compounds containing saccharide radicals. Excluded are polysaccharides which for the purpose of this sub-class are defined as having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages. A "saccharide radical" is derived from acyclic polyhydroxy-aldehydes or acyclic polyhydroxy-ketones, or from their cyclic tautomers, by removing hydrogen atoms or by replacing hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium, in accordance with either of the following definitions: A "saccharide radical" consists of an uninterrupted carbon skeleton and oxygen atoms directly attached thereto, and is considered to be terminated by every bond to a cyclic structure and by every bond to a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, and contains within the carbon skeleton an unconjugated sequence of at the most six carbon atoms in which at least three carbon atoms — at least two in the case of a skeleton having only four carbon atoms — have one single bond to an oxygen atom as the only hetero bond, and in a cyclic or acyclic sequence, at least one other carbon atom has two single bonds to oxygen atoms as the only hetero bonds, or in an acyclic sequence, at least one other carbon atom has one double bond to an oxygen atom as the only hetero bond. A "saccharide radical" is also a radical derived from a radical as defined in (a) above by replacing at the most four of the specified hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium. [2] Attention is drawn to the notes following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07. [2] In the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. [2] The terms "heterocyclic radical" and "hetero ring" are considered to exclude saccharide radicals as defined above. [2]

|  | C07H 1/00 |
Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives [2]

|  | C07H 1/02 |
· | Phosphorylation [2]

|  | C07H 1/04 |
· · | Introducing polyphosphoric acid radicals [2]

|  | C07H 1/06 |
· | Separation; Purification [2]

|  | C07H 1/08 |
· · | from natural products [2]

|  | C07H 3/00 |
Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (preparation by hydrolysis of di- or polysaccharides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13; separation or purification of sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose or maltose Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13) [2]

|  | C07H 3/02 |
· | Monosaccharides [2]

|  | C07H 3/04 |
· | Disaccharides [2]

|  | C07H 3/06 |
· | Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages [2]

|  | C07H 3/08 |
· | Deoxysugars; Unsaturated sugars (1,2-dideoxy-1-enoses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D); Osones [2]

|  | C07H 3/10 |
· | Anhydrosugars, e.g. epoxides [2]

|  | C07H 5/00 |
Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium [2]

|  | C07H 5/02 |
· | to halogen [2]

|  | C07H 5/04 |
· | to nitrogen [2]

|  | C07H 5/06 |
· · | Aminosugars [2]

|  | C07H 5/08 |
· | to sulphur, selenium, or tellurium [2]

|  | C07H 5/10 |
· · | to sulphur [2]

|  | C07H 7/00 |
Compounds containing non-saccharide radicals linked to saccharide radicals by a carbon-to-carbon bond [2]

|  | C07H 7/02 |
· | Acyclic radicals, e.g. glucuronic acids [2]

|  | C07H 7/04 |
· | Carbocyclic radicals [2]

|  | C07H 7/06 |
· | Heterocyclic radicals [2]

|  | C07H 9/00 |
Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical [2]

|  | C07H 9/02 |
· | the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms [2]

|  | C07H 9/04 |
· · | Cyclic acetals [2]

|  | C07H 9/06 |
· | the hetero ring containing nitrogen as ring hetero atoms [2]

|  | C07H 11/00 |
Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by inorganic acids; Metal salts thereof (halo-sugars Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 5/02; thio-, seleno-, or telluro-sugars Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 5/08; esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 13/12) [2]

|  | C07H 11/02 |
· | Nitrates; Nitrites [2]

|  | C07H 11/04 |
· | Phosphates; Phosphites; Polyphosphates (phosphonates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 13/00) [2]

|  | C07H 13/00 |
Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids [2]

|  | C07H 13/02 |
· | by carboxylic acids [2]

|  | C07H 13/04 |
· · | having the esterifying carboxyl radicals attached to acyclic carbon atoms [2]

|  | C07H 13/06 |
· · · | Fatty acids [2]

|  | C07H 13/08 |
· · | having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings [2]

|  | C07H 13/10 |
· · | having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to heterocyclic rings [2]

|  | C07H 13/12 |
· | by acids having the group —X—C (=X)—X—, or halides thereof, in which X means nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium, e.g. carbonic acid, carbamic acid [2]

|  | C07H 15/00 |
Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals [2]

|  | C07H 15/02 |
· | Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures [2]

|  | C07H 15/04 |
· · | attached to an oxygen atom of a saccharide radical [2]

|  | C07H 15/06 |
· · · | Fatty acid esters of sugar ethers [2]

|  | C07H 15/08 |
· · · | Polyoxyalkylene derivatives (polyoxyalkylene derivatives of polyols in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 41/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 43/00) [2]

|  | C07H 15/10 |
· · · | containing unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [2]

|  | C07H 15/12 |
· · | attached to a nitrogen atom of a saccharide radical [2]

|  | C07H 15/14 |
· · | attached to a sulphur, selenium or tellurium atom of a saccharide radical [2]

|  | C07H 15/16 |
· · · | Lincomycin; Derivatives thereof [2]

|  | C07H 15/18 |
· | Acyclic radicals, substituted by carbocyclic rings [2]

|  | C07H 15/20 |
· | Carbocyclic rings [2]

|  | C07H 15/22 |
· · | Cyclohexyl radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms, e.g. streptomycins [2]

|  | C07H 15/24 |
· · | Condensed ring systems having three or more rings (steroid glycosides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J) [2]

|  | C07H 15/26 |
· | Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings [2]

|  | C07H 17/00 |
Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals [2]

|  | C07H 17/02 |
· | Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen as ring hetero atoms [2]

|  | C07H 17/04 |
· | Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms [2]

|  | C07H 17/06 |
· · | Benzopyran radicals, e.g. anthocyanins [2]

|  | C07H 17/08 |
· · | Hetero rings containing eight or more ring members, e.g. erythromycins [2]

|  | C07H 19/00 |
Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Mononucleotides [2]

|  | C07H 19/02 |
· | sharing nitrogen [2]

|  | C07H 19/04 |
· · | Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen as ring hetero atom [2]

|  | C07H 19/06 |
· · · | Pyrimidine radicals [2]

|  | C07H 19/08 |
· · · · | with the saccharide radical being esterified by carboxylic acids [2]

|  | C07H 19/10 |
· · · · | with the saccharide radical being esterified by phosphoric acids [2]

|  | C07H 19/12 |
· · · | Triazine radicals [2]

|  | C07H 19/14 |
· · · | Pyrrolo-pyrimidine radicals [2]

|  | C07H 19/16 |
· · · | Purine radicals [2]

|  | C07H 19/18 |
· · · · | with the saccharide radical being esterified by carboxylic acids [2]

|  | C07H 19/20 |
· · · · | with the saccharide radical being esterified by phosphoric acids [2]

|  | C07H 19/22 |
· · · | Pteridine radicals [2]

|  | C07H 19/24 |
· · | Heterocyclic radicals containing oxygen or sulphur as ring hetero atom [2]

|  | C07H 21/00 |
Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units, e.g. nucleic acids [2]

|  | C07H 21/02 |
· | with ribosyl as saccharide radical [2]

|  | C07H 21/04 |
· | with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical [2]

|  | C07H 23/00 |
Compounds containing boron, silicon, or a metal, e.g. chelates, vitamin B12 (esters with inorganic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 11/00; metal salts, see parent compounds) [2]