|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C12 |
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

|  | C12 |
Note(s) In the field of sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M-C12Q, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Within this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3] Within this class, non-obligatory classifications may be given as additional information relating to the micro-organisms used by means of the symbols of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12R. [3]

|  | C12B |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P )

|  | C12C |
BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23N; pitching and depitching machines, cellar tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12L; propagating yeasts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 1/14; non-beverage ethanolic fermentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P 7/06)

|  | C12D |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P )

|  | C12F |
DISTILLATION AND RECTIFICATION OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS; DENATURING OF, AND DENATURED, ALCOHOL

|  | C12G |
WINE; OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION THEREOF (beer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C)

|  | C12H |
PASTEURISATION; STERILISATION; PRESERVATION; PURIFICATION; CLARIFICATION; AGEING

|  | C12J |
VINEGAR; ITS PREPARATION

|  | C12K |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K )

|  | C12L |
PITCHING AND DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS (cleaning of casks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 9/00)

|  | C12M |
APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; UNICELLULAR ALGAE, PLANT OR ANIMAL CELL, TISSUE, OR VIRUS-CULTURE APPARATUS (installations for fermenting manure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01C 3/02; preservation of living parts of humans or animals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N 1/02; physical or chemical apparatus in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01; malting or mashing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C 1/00; brewing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C 13/00; fermentation apparatus for wine Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12G; apparatus for preparing vinegar Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12J 1/10) [3]

|  | C12N |
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N 63/00; food compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; medicinal preparations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K; fertilisers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR TISSUE (preservation of living parts of humans or animals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q) [3]

|  | C12N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the scope of the term "micro-organisms" in Note (2) following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12. [3]

|  | C12P |
FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION (fermentation processes to form a food composition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23; compounds per se, see the relevant compound class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07; separation of optically active isomers by microbiological processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07B 19/02; brewing of beer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C; producing vinegar Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12J; processes for producing enzymes per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N) [3]

|  | C12P |
Note(s) This sub-class includes both major and minor chemical modifications. If a particular reaction is considered to be pertinent, it is also classified in the relevant chemical compound class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08. [3] Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P 1/00 provides for processes for producing organic compounds not sufficiently identified to be placed in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P 3/00-C12P 37/00. Compounds identified only by their empirical formulae are not considered to be sufficiently identified. [3] Metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound. [3] Compositions are classified in the relevant compound groups. [3]

|  | C12Q |
MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS (immunoassay Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/54); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES [3]

|  | C12Q |
Note(s) The term "involving", when used in relation to a substance, includes the testing for the substance as well as employing the substance as a determinant or reactant in a test for a different substance. Test media are classified with the relevant test process. [3] Inventions dealing with the observation of the progress or of the result of processes specified in this sub-class by any of the methods specified in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 29/00, are dealt with in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N. [3]

|  | C12R |
PROCESSES USING MICRO-ORGANISMS [3]

|  | C12R |
Note(s) This sub-class is only for non-obligatory classifications as additional information relating to inventions already classified as obligatory classifications in other sub-classes of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12. The classification symbols of this sub-class may be added, in conformity with paragraph 80 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke so as to provide information concerning the micro-organisms used in the processes classified in sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C-C12Q. [3] The basis for the bacteria terminology is "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology", Eighth Edition, 1975. [3]