|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01N |
INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (apparatus fully provided for in a single other sub-class, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01L; separating components of materials in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07; measuring or testing involving enzymes or micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q; investigation of foundation soil in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 1/00; sensing humidity changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in humidity, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D or relevant sub-class for variable measured; testing or determining the properties of structures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M; measuring or investigating electric or magnetic properties of materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; determining sensitivity, graininess, or density of photographic materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C 5/02; testing component parts of nuclear reactors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 17/00)

|  | G01N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). In this sub-class, the term "investigating" means testing or determining, and the term "materials" includes solid, liquid, and gaseous media, e.g. the atmosphere.

|  | G01N 1/00 |
Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation (handling materials for automatic analysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 35/00)

|  | G01N 1/02 |
· | Devices for withdrawing samples (for medical or veterinary purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; obtaining samples of soil or well fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 49/00)

|  | G01N 1/04 |
· · | in the solid state, e.g. by cutting

|  | G01N 1/06 |
· · · | providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome

|  | G01N 1/08 |
· · · | involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit

|  | G01N 1/10 |
· · | in the liquid or fluent state

|  | G01N 1/12 |
· · · | Dippers; Dredgers

|  | G01N 1/14 |
· · · | Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices

|  | G01N 1/16 |
· · · | with provision for intake at several levels (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/14 take precedence)

|  | G01N 1/18 |
· · · | with provision for splitting samples into portions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/14 take precedence; fraction-collection apparatus for chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/08)

|  | G01N 1/20 |
· · · | for flowing or falling materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/14 take precedence)

|  | G01N 1/22 |
· · | in the gaseous state

|  | G01N 1/24 |
· · · | Suction devices

|  | G01N 1/26 |
· · · | with provision for intake from several spaces

|  | G01N 1/28 |
· | Preparing specimens for investigation (mounting specimens on microscopic slides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 21/34; means for supporting the objects or the materials to be analysed in electron microscopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/20)

|  | G01N 1/30 |
· · | Staining; Impregnating

|  | G01N 1/32 |
· · | Polishing; Etching

|  | G01N 1/34 |
· · | Purifying; Cleaning

|  | G01N 3/00 |
Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress (strain-gauging Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; measuring stress in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L)

|  | G01N 3/00 |
Note(s) This group includes the stressing of materials not only below but also beyond the elastic limit, e.g. until breaking occurs.

|  | G01N 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | G01N 3/04 |
· · | Chucks

|  | G01N 3/06 |
· · | Special adaptations of indicating or recording means (indicating or recording means for measuring in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G01N 3/08 |
· | by applying steady tensile or compressive forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/10 |
· · | generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/12 |
· · · | Pressure-testing (testing fluid-tightness Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M 3/00)

|  | G01N 3/14 |
· · | generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by spring tension (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/16 |
· · | applied through gearing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/18 |
· · | Performing tests at high or low temperatures

|  | G01N 3/20 |
· | by applying steady bending forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01N 3/22 |
· | by applying steady torsional forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01N 3/24 |
· | by applying steady shearing forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01N 3/26 |
· | Investigating twisting or coiling properties

|  | G01N 3/28 |
· | Investigating ductility, e.g. suitability of sheet metal for deep-drawing or spinning

|  | G01N 3/30 |
· | by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight

|  | G01N 3/32 |
· | by applying repeated or pulsating forces (generation of such forces in general, see such classes or sub-classes as Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | G01N 3/34 |
· · | generated by mechanical means, e.g. hammer blows

|  | G01N 3/36 |
· · | generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means

|  | G01N 3/38 |
· · | generated by electromagnetic means

|  | G01N 3/40 |
· | Investigating hardness or rebound hardness

|  | G01N 3/42 |
· · | by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/44 |
· · · | the indentors being put under a minor load and a subsequent major load, i.e. Rockwell system

|  | G01N 3/46 |
· · · | the indentors performing a scratching movement

|  | G01N 3/48 |
· · | by performing impressions under impulsive load by indentors, e.g. falling ball (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/50 |
· · | by measuring rolling friction, e.g. by rocking pendulum (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/52 |
· · | by measuring extent of rebound of a striking body (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/54 |
· · | Performing tests at high or low temperatures

|  | G01N 3/56 |
· | Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

|  | G01N 3/58 |
· | Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools

|  | G01N 3/60 |
· | Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes

|  | G01N 3/62 |
· | Manufacturing, calibrating, or repairing devices used in investigations covered by the preceding sub-groups

|  | G01N 5/00 |
Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 9/00 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 5/02 |
· | by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content

|  | G01N 5/04 |
· | by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder

|  | G01N 7/00 |
Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour

|  | G01N 7/02 |
· | by absorption, adsorption, or combustion of components and measurement of the change in pressure or volume of the remainder

|  | G01N 7/04 |
· · | by absorption or adsorption alone

|  | G01N 7/06 |
· · | by combustion alone

|  | G01N 7/08 |
· · | by combustion followed by absorption or adsorption of the combustion products

|  | G01N 7/10 |
· | by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference

|  | G01N 7/12 |
· · | the diffusion being followed by combustion or catalytic oxidation

|  | G01N 7/14 |
· | by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference

|  | G01N 7/16 |
· · | by heating the material

|  | G01N 7/18 |
· · | by allowing the material to react

|  | G01N 7/20 |
· · · | the reaction being fermentation

|  | G01N 7/22 |
· · · · | of dough

|  | G01N 9/00 |
Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity (weighing apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G)

|  | G01N 9/02 |
· | by measuring weight of a known volume

|  | G01N 9/04 |
· · | of fluids

|  | G01N 9/06 |
· · · | with continuous circulation through a pivotally-supported member

|  | G01N 9/08 |
· | by measuring buoyant force of solid materials by weighing both in air and in a liquid

|  | G01N 9/10 |
· | by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials

|  | G01N 9/12 |
· · | by observing the depth of immersion of the bodies, e.g. hydrometers

|  | G01N 9/14 |
· · · | the body being built into a container

|  | G01N 9/16 |
· · · | the body being pivoted

|  | G01N 9/18 |
· · · | Special adaptations for indicating, recording, or control

|  | G01N 9/20 |
· · | by balancing the weight of the bodies

|  | G01N 9/22 |
· · · | with continuous circulation of the fluid

|  | G01N 9/24 |
· | by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material

|  | G01N 9/26 |
· | by measuring pressure differences

|  | G01N 9/28 |
· · | by measuring the blowing pressure of gas bubbles escaping from nozzles at different depths in a liquid

|  | G01N 9/30 |
· | by using centrifugal effects

|  | G01N 9/32 |
· | by using flow properties of fluids, e.g. flow through tubes or apertures

|  | G01N 9/34 |
· · | by using elements moving through the fluid, e.g. vane

|  | G01N 9/36 |
· | Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture (methods of measurement in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 9/02-G01N 9/32)

|  | G01N 11/00 |
Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties

|  | G01N 11/02 |
· | by measuring flow of the material

|  | G01N 11/04 |
· · | through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture

|  | G01N 11/06 |
· · · | by timing the outflow of a known quantity

|  | G01N 11/08 |
· · · | by measuring pressure required to produce a known flow

|  | G01N 11/10 |
· | by moving a body within the material

|  | G01N 11/12 |
· · | by measuring rising or falling speed of the body; by measuring penetration of wedged gauges (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 11/16 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 11/14 |
· · | by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 11/16 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 11/16 |
· · | by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body

|  | G01N 13/00 |
Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects

|  | G01N 13/02 |
· | Investigating surface tension of liquids

|  | G01N 13/04 |
· | Investigating osmotic effects

|  | G01N 15/00 |
Investigating particle size or concentration; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials; Analysing materials by determining these properties (identification of micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q)

|  | G01N 15/02 |
· | Investigating particle size or size distribution (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/07 take precedence; by measuring osmotic pressure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 7/10; by filtering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; by sifting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B)

|  | G01N 15/04 |
· | Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions

|  | G01N 15/06 |
· | Investigating concentration of particle suspensions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/07 take precedence; by weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 5/00)

|  | G01N 15/07 |
· | Investigating number of individual particles suspended in a flowing stream, e.g. Coulter counters (electric pulse counters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K) [3]

|  | G01N 15/08 |
· | Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials

|  | G01N 17/00 |
Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light

|  | G01N 19/00 |
Investigating materials by mechanical methods (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 17/00 take precedence)

|  | G01N 19/02 |
· | Measuring coefficient of friction between materials

|  | G01N 19/04 |
· | Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating

|  | G01N 19/06 |
· | Investigating by removing material, e.g. spark-testing

|  | G01N 19/08 |
· | Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities (measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B 5/28)

|  | G01N 19/10 |
· | Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers

|  | G01N 21/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 19/00 take precedence; by investigating a spectrum Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J 3/00; optical elements of measuring instruments Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B)

|  | G01N 21/01 |
· | Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation [3]

|  | G01N 21/03 |
· · | Cuvette constructions [3]

|  | G01N 21/05 |
· · · | Flow-through cuvettes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/09 takes precedence; handling fluid samples Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/10) [3]

|  | G01N 21/07 |
· · · | Centrifugal type cuvettes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/09 takes precedence; centrifuges per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04B) [3]

|  | G01N 21/09 |
· · · | adapted to resist hostile environments or corrosive or abrasive materials [3]

|  | G01N 21/11 |
· · | Filling or emptying of cuvettes [3]

|  | G01N 21/13 |
· · | Moving of cuvettes or solid samples to or from the investigating station [3]

|  | G01N 21/15 |
· · | Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path [3]

|  | G01N 21/17 |
· | Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated (where the material investigated is optically excited causing a change in wavelength of the incident light Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/63) [3]

|  | G01N 21/19 |
· · | Dichroism [3]

|  | G01N 21/21 |
· · | Polarisation-affecting properties (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/19 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/23 |
· · · | Bi-refringence [3]

|  | G01N 21/25 |
· · | Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands [3]

|  | G01N 21/27 |
· · · | using photo-electric detection (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/31 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/29 |
· · · | using visual detection (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/31 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/31 |
· · · | investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry [3]

|  | G01N 21/33 |
· · · · | using ultra-violet light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/39 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/35 |
· · · · | using infra-red light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/39 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/37 |
· · · · · | using pneumatic detection [3]

|  | G01N 21/39 |
· · · · | using tunable lasers [3]

|  | G01N 21/41 |
· · | Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/21 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/43 |
· · · | by measuring critical angle [3]

|  | G01N 21/45 |
· · · | using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods [3]

|  | G01N 21/47 |
· · | Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/25, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/41 take precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/49 |
· · · | within a body or fluid [3]

|  | G01N 21/51 |
· · · · | inside a container, e.g. in an ampoule (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/53 takes precedence; checking containers for cleanness Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67C 1/14) [3]

|  | G01N 21/53 |
· · · · | within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke (alarm devices actuated by smoke Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B 17/10) [3]

|  | G01N 21/55 |
· · | Specular reflectivity [3]

|  | G01N 21/57 |
· · · | measuring gloss [3]

|  | G01N 21/59 |
· · | Transmissivity (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/25 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/61 |
· · · | Non-dispersive gas analysers [3]

|  | G01N 21/62 |
· | Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light [3]

|  | G01N 21/63 |
· · | optically excited [3]

|  | G01N 21/64 |
· · · | Fluorescence; Phosphorescence [3]

|  | G01N 21/65 |
· · · | Raman scattering [3]

|  | G01N 21/66 |
· · | electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence [3]

|  | G01N 21/67 |
· · · | using electric arcs or discharges (spark gaps per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T) [3]

|  | G01N 21/68 |
· · · | using high frequency electric fields [3]

|  | G01N 21/69 |
· · · | specially adapted for fluids [3]

|  | G01N 21/70 |
· · | mechanically excited, e.g. triboluminescence [3]

|  | G01N 21/71 |
· · | thermally excited [3]

|  | G01N 21/72 |
· · · | using flame burners [3]

|  | G01N 21/73 |
· · · | using plasma burners or torches [3]

|  | G01N 21/74 |
· · · | using flameless atomising, e.g. graphite furnaces [3]

|  | G01N 21/75 |
· | Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated (systems in which material is burnt in a flame or plasma Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/72, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/73) [3]

|  | G01N 21/76 |
· · | Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence [3]

|  | G01N 21/77 |
· · | by observing the effect on a chemical indicator [3]

|  | G01N 21/78 |
· · · | producing a change of colour [3]

|  | G01N 21/79 |
· · · · | Photometric titration [3]

|  | G01N 21/80 |
· · · · | Indicating pH value [3]

|  | G01N 21/81 |
· · · · | Indicating humidity [3]

|  | G01N 21/82 |
· · · | producing a precipitate or turbidity [3]

|  | G01N 21/83 |
· · · · | Turbidimetric titration [3]

|  | G01N 21/84 |
· | Systems specially adapted for particular applications [3]

|  | G01N 21/85 |
· · | Investigating moving fluids or granular solids [3]

|  | G01N 21/86 |
· · | Investigating moving sheets (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/89 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/87 |
· · | Investigating jewels (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/88 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/88 |
· · | Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination [3]

|  | G01N 21/89 |
· · · | in moving material, e.g. paper, textiles (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/90, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/91 take precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/90 |
· · · | in a container or its contents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/91 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 21/91 |
· · · | using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink [3]

|  | G01N 22/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 24/00 take precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 22/02 |
· | Investigating the presence of flaws [3]

|  | G01N 22/04 |
· | Investigating moisture content [3]

|  | G01N 23/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation not covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 22/00, e.g. X-rays, neutrons (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 17/00 take precedence; using radar or sonar methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; measurement of nuclear or X-radiation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T; introducing objects or materials into nuclear reactors, or removing them therefrom, or storing them after treatment therein Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C; construction or operation of X-ray apparatus or circuits therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05G)

|  | G01N 23/02 |
· | by transmitting the radiation through the material

|  | G01N 23/04 |
· · | and forming a picture (electron microscopes per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J)

|  | G01N 23/05 |
· · · | using neutrons [3]

|  | G01N 23/06 |
· · | and measuring the absorption

|  | G01N 23/08 |
· · · | using electric detection means

|  | G01N 23/09 |
· · · · | the radiation being neutrons [3]

|  | G01N 23/10 |
· · · · | the material being confined in a container (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/09 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 23/12 |
· · · · | the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/09 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 23/14 |
· · · · · | specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling

|  | G01N 23/16 |
· · · · | the material being a moving sheet (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/09, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/18 take precedence)

|  | G01N 23/18 |
· · · · | Investigating the presence of flaws (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/09 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 23/20 |
· | by using diffraction of the radiation, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using reflection of the radiation

|  | G01N 23/201 |
· · | by measuring small-angle scattering [2]

|  | G01N 23/202 |
· · · | using neutrons [3]

|  | G01N 23/203 |
· · | by measuring back scattering [2]

|  | G01N 23/204 |
· · · | using neutrons [3]

|  | G01N 23/205 |
· · | by means of diffraction cameras (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/201 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G01N 23/206 |
· · · | the radiation being neutrons [3]

|  | G01N 23/207 |
· · | by means of diffractometry using detectors, e.g. using an analysing crystal or a crystal to be analysed in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/201 takes precedence; spectrometry of detected or measured radiation intensity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T 1/36) [2]

|  | G01N 23/22 |
· | by measuring secondary emission [2]

|  | G01N 23/221 |
· · | by activation analysis [2]

|  | G01N 23/222 |
· · · | using neutrons [3]

|  | G01N 23/223 |
· · | by irradiating the sample with X-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence [2]

|  | G01N 23/225 |
· · | using electron or ion microprobe (electron or ion-beam tubes for microprobe analysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 37/00) [2]

|  | G01N 23/227 |
· · | by measuring photoelectric effect, e.g. Auger electrons [2]

|  | G01N 23/24 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 22/00 )

|  | G01N 24/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects [3]

|  | G01N 24/02 |
· | Details [3]

|  | G01N 24/04 |
· · | Probes [3]

|  | G01N 24/06 |
· · | Generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of magnetic fields (regulating magnetic variables in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F 7/00; electromagnets in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 7/06) [3]

|  | G01N 24/08 |
· | by using nuclear magnetic resonance (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 24/12 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 24/10 |
· | by using electron paramagnetic resonance (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 24/12 takes precedence) [3]

|  | G01N 24/12 |
· | by using double resonance [3]

|  | G01N 24/14 |
· | by using cyclotron resonance [3]

|  | G01N 25/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 23/00 take precedence)

|  | G01N 25/02 |
· | by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering

|  | G01N 25/04 |
· · | of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point

|  | G01N 25/06 |
· · · | Analysis by measuring change of freezing point

|  | G01N 25/08 |
· · | of boiling point

|  | G01N 25/10 |
· · · | Analysis by measuring change of boiling point

|  | G01N 25/12 |
· · | of critical point; of other phase change

|  | G01N 25/14 |
· | by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/02 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 25/16 |
· | by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion

|  | G01N 25/18 |
· | by investigating thermal conductivity (by calorimetry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/20; by measuring change of resistance of an electrically-heated body Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/18)

|  | G01N 25/20 |
· | by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity (calorimeters per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K)

|  | G01N 25/22 |
· · | on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures

|  | G01N 25/24 |
· · · | using combustion tubes, e.g. for micro-analysis

|  | G01N 25/26 |
· · · | using combustion with oxygen under pressure, e.g. in bomb calorimeter

|  | G01N 25/28 |
· · · | the rise in temperature of the gases resulting from combustion being measured directly

|  | G01N 25/30 |
· · · · | using electric temperature-responsive elements

|  | G01N 25/32 |
· · · · · | using thermoelectric elements

|  | G01N 25/34 |
· · · · | using mechanical temperature-responsive elements, e.g. bimetallic (bimetallic elements per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B 1/02)

|  | G01N 25/36 |
· · · · · | for investigating the composition of gas mixtures

|  | G01N 25/38 |
· · · · | using the melting or combustion of a solid

|  | G01N 25/40 |
· · · | the heat developed being transferred to a flowing fluid

|  | G01N 25/42 |
· · · · | continuously

|  | G01N 25/44 |
· · · | the heat developed being transferred to a fixed quantity of fluid

|  | G01N 25/46 |
· · · · | for investigating the composition of gas mixtures

|  | G01N 25/48 |
· · | on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation

|  | G01N 25/50 |
· | by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility

|  | G01N 25/52 |
· · | by determining flash-point of liquids

|  | G01N 25/54 |
· · | by determining explosibility

|  | G01N 25/56 |
· | by investigating moisture content

|  | G01N 25/58 |
· · | by measuring changes of properties of the material due to heat, cold, or expansion

|  | G01N 25/60 |
· · · | for determining the wetness of steam

|  | G01N 25/62 |
· · | by psychrometric means, e.g. wet-and-dry-bulb thermometers

|  | G01N 25/64 |
· · · | using electric temperature-responsive elements

|  | G01N 25/66 |
· · | by investigating dew-point

|  | G01N 25/68 |
· · · | by varying the temperature of a condensing surface

|  | G01N 25/70 |
· · · | by varying the temperature of the material, e.g. by compression, by expansion

|  | G01N 25/72 |
· | Investigating presence of flaws (by investigating thermal conductivity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/18)

|  | G01N 27/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 25/00 take precedence; measurement or testing of electric or magnetic variables or of electric or magnetic properties of materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R)

|  | G01N 27/02 |
· | by investigating impedance

|  | G01N 27/04 |
· · | by investigating resistance

|  | G01N 27/06 |
· · · | of a liquid (involving electrolysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/26, involving polarography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/48; measuring electric resistance of fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 27/22)

|  | G01N 27/07 |
· · · · | Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor [2]

|  | G01N 27/08 |
· · · · | which is flowing continuously

|  | G01N 27/10 |
· · · · · | Investigation or analysis specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling (regulating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D)

|  | G01N 27/12 |
· · · | of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid

|  | G01N 27/14 |
· · · | of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature

|  | G01N 27/16 |
· · · · | caused by burning or catalytic oxidation of surrounding material to be tested, e.g. of gas

|  | G01N 27/18 |
· · · · | caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/20 |
· · · | Investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 27/22 |
· · | by investigating capacitance

|  | G01N 27/24 |
· · · | Investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 27/26 |
· | by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis (using chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/08; electrochemical processes or apparatus in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J; standard cells Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M 6/28)

|  | G01N 27/28 |
· · | Details, e.g. containers

|  | G01N 27/30 |
· · · | Electrodes, e.g. testing electrodes

|  | G01N 27/32 |
· · · · | Calomel electrodes

|  | G01N 27/34 |
· · · · | Dropping-mercury electrodes

|  | G01N 27/36 |
· · · · | Glass electrodes

|  | G01N 27/38 |
· · · · | Cleaning of electrodes

|  | G01N 27/40 |
· · · | Semi-permeable membranes or partitions

|  | G01N 27/42 |
· · | by measuring deposition or liberation of materials from an electrolyte; Coulometry, i.e. measuring coulomb-equivalent of material in an electrolyte

|  | G01N 27/44 |
· · · | using electrolysis to generate a reagent, e.g. for titration

|  | G01N 27/46 |
· · | by measuring currents or voltages in voltaic cells (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/02 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/48 |
· · · | Polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage

|  | G01N 27/50 |
· · · | due to effect at an electrode (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/48 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/52 |
· · · · | using oxidation of an electrode; using oxidation-reduction effects

|  | G01N 27/54 |
· · · · | using depolarisation at an electrode

|  | G01N 27/56 |
· · · | due to effect in the electrolyte, e.g. for pH measurement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/48 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/58 |
· · · · | Concentration cells

|  | G01N 27/60 |
· | by investigating electrostatic variables (by investigating capacitance Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/22)

|  | G01N 27/61 |
· · | Investigating the presence of flaws [3]

|  | G01N 27/62 |
· | by investigating the ionisation of gases; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode (particle spectrometers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 49/00)

|  | G01N 27/64 |
· · | using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber

|  | G01N 27/66 |
· · · | and measuring current or voltage

|  | G01N 27/68 |
· · | using electric discharge to ionise a gas

|  | G01N 27/70 |
· · · | and measuring current or voltage

|  | G01N 27/72 |
· | by investigating magnetic variables

|  | G01N 27/74 |
· · | of fluids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 24/00 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/76 |
· · · | by investigating susceptibility

|  | G01N 27/78 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 24/00 )

|  | G01N 27/80 |
· · | for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material

|  | G01N 27/82 |
· · | for investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 27/83 |
· · · | by investigating stray magnetic fields [3]

|  | G01N 27/84 |
· · · · | by applying magnetic powder or magnetic ink

|  | G01N 27/85 |
· · · · | using magnetographic methods [3]

|  | G01N 27/86 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/83, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/90, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/82 )

|  | G01N 27/87 |
· · · · | using probes [3]

|  | G01N 27/88 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/83, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/90, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/82 )

|  | G01N 27/90 |
· · · | using eddy currents [3]

|  | G01N 27/92 |
· | by investigating breakdown voltage (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/60, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/62 take precedence; testing of articles or specimens of solids or fluids for dielectric strength or breakdown voltage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 31/12) [3]

|  | G01N 29/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of sonic or ultrasonic vibrations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 27/00 take precedence; measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01H 15/00)

|  | G01N 29/02 |
· | for analysing fluids

|  | G01N 29/04 |
· | for investigating presence of flaws

|  | G01N 31/00 |
Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the sub-groups (measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q 1/00); Apparatus specially adapted for such methods (chromatographic separation processes per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D) [2]

|  | G01N 31/00 |
Note(s) The observation of the progress of the reactions specified below by any of the methods specified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 29/00, if this is of major importance, is dealt with in the group concerned.

|  | G01N 31/02 |
· | using precipitation

|  | G01N 31/04 |
· | using ion-exchange

|  | G01N 31/06 |
· | using absorption or adsorption

|  | G01N 31/08 |
· | using chromatography (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/06 take precedence)

|  | G01N 31/10 |
· | using catalysis

|  | G01N 31/12 |
· | using combustion (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 31/14 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/54, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q )

|  | G01N 31/16 |
· | using titration

|  | G01N 31/18 |
· · | Burettes specially adapted for titration (burettes in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01L 3/02)

|  | G01N 31/20 |
· | using micro-analysis, e.g. drop reaction

|  | G01N 31/22 |
· | using chemical indicators (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/02 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups (measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q 1/00)

|  | G01N 33/02 |
· | food

|  | G01N 33/04 |
· · | dairy products

|  | G01N 33/06 |
· · · | Determining fat content, e.g. by butyrometer

|  | G01N 33/08 |
· · | eggs, e.g. by candling

|  | G01N 33/10 |
· · | starch-containing substances, e.g. dough

|  | G01N 33/12 |
· · | meat; fish

|  | G01N 33/14 |
· · | beverages

|  | G01N 33/15 |
· | medicinal preparations [3]

|  | G01N 33/16 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/48 )

|  | G01N 33/18 |
· | water

|  | G01N 33/20 |
· | metals

|  | G01N 33/22 |
· | fuels; explosives

|  | G01N 33/24 |
· | earth materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/42 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/26 |
· | oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/22 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/28 |
· · | oils

|  | G01N 33/30 |
· · · | for lubricating properties

|  | G01N 33/32 |
· · | paints; inks

|  | G01N 33/34 |
· | paper

|  | G01N 33/36 |
· | textiles

|  | G01N 33/38 |
· | concrete; lime; mortar; gypsum; bricks; ceramics; glass

|  | G01N 33/40 |
· | grinding-materials

|  | G01N 33/42 |
· | road-making materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/38 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/44 |
· | resins; plastics; rubber; leather

|  | G01N 33/46 |
· | wood

|  | G01N 33/48 |
· | biological material, e.g. blood, urine (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/02-G01N 33/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/44, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/46 take precedence; determining the germinating capacity of seeds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01C 1/02) [3]

|  | G01N 33/50 |
· · | Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing (measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms, compositions or test papers therefore; processes of forming such compositions, condition responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q) [3]

|  | G01N 33/52 - G01N 33/96 |
Note(s) The term "involving", when used in relation to a material, includes the testing for the material as well as employing the material as a determinant or reactant in a test for a different material. [3] In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/52-G01N 33/96, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]

|  | G01N 33/52 |
· · · | Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper [3]

|  | G01N 33/54 |
· · · | Immunoassay [3]

|  | G01N 33/56 |
· · · · | Radioimmunoassay [3]

|  | G01N 33/58 |
· · · | involving labelled substances (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/54 takes precedence; for testing in vivo Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61K 49/00) [3]

|  | G01N 33/60 |
· · · · | involving radioactive labelled substances (tracers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21H 5/02) [3]

|  | G01N 33/62 |
· · · | involving urea [3]

|  | G01N 33/64 |
· · · | involving ketones [3]

|  | G01N 33/66 |
· · · | involving blood sugars, e.g. galactose [3]

|  | G01N 33/68 |
· · · | involving proteins, peptides or amino acids [3]

|  | G01N 33/70 |
· · · | involving creatine or creatinine [3]

|  | G01N 33/72 |
· · · | involving blood pigments, e.g. hemoglobin, bilirubin [3]

|  | G01N 33/74 |
· · · | involving hormones [3]

|  | G01N 33/76 |
· · · · | Human chorionic gonadotropin [3]

|  | G01N 33/78 |
· · · · | Thyroid gland hormones [3]

|  | G01N 33/80 |
· · · | involving blood groups or blood types [3]

|  | G01N 33/82 |
· · · | involving vitamins [3]

|  | G01N 33/84 |
· · · | involving inorganic compounds or pH [3]

|  | G01N 33/86 |
· · · | involving blood coagulating time [3]

|  | G01N 33/88 |
· · · | involving prostaglandins [3]

|  | G01N 33/90 |
· · · | involving iron binding capacity of blood [3]

|  | G01N 33/92 |
· · · | involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol [3]

|  | G01N 33/94 |
· · · | involving narcotics [3]

|  | G01N 33/96 |
· · · | involving blood or serum control standard [3]

|  | G01N 35/00 |
Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in a single one of the preceding groups; Handling materials therefor [3]

|  | G01N 35/02 |
· | using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations [3]

|  | G01N 35/04 |
· · | Details of the conveyer system [3]

|  | G01N 35/06 |
· · | with sample transferring devices [3]

|  | G01N 35/08 |
· | using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system [3]

|  | G01N 37/00 |
Details not covered by any preceding group [3]