|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C10 |
PETROLEUM, GAS AND COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

|  | C10B |
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS (cracking oils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G)

|  | C10C |
WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID

|  | C10F |
CUTTING, DRYING, AND WORKING-UP OF PEAT

|  | C10G |
CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES FROM MATERIALS OTHER THAN HYDROCARBONS, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to well-defined hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C; cracking to cokes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES (inhibiting corrosion or incrustation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F)

|  | C10G |
Note(s) In this sub-class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 9/00-C10G 49/00 are limited to inventions dealing with only one process step. Combined or multi-step processes are covered by groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 51/00-C10G 69/00. [3] Refining or recovery of mineral waxes is covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 73/00. [3] The expressions "in the presence of hydrogen" and "in the absence of hydrogen" mean treatments in which hydrogen, in free form or as hydrogen generating compounds, is added, or not added, respectively. [3] The term "hydrotreatment" is used for conversion processes as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 45/00 or group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 47/00. [3] The expression "hydrocarbon oils" comprises mixtures of hydrocarbons such as tar oils or mineral oils. [3]

|  | C10H |
PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY WET METHODS; ITS PURIFICATION

|  | C10J |
PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES

|  | C10K |
PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE

|  | C10L |
FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (fuels for generating pressure gas, e.g. for rockets, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C06D 5/00; candles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11C; nuclear fuel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 3/00); ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS

|  | C10M |
LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well drilling compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 7/00); THE USE AS LUBRICANTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A COMPOSITION (use of particular substances in particular apparatus or conditions, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N or the relevant class for the application, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21D 8/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21C 9/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C 1/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B 40/00)

|  | C10M |
Note(s) In this sub-class, the terms "lubricants" and "lubricating compositions" are intended to cover also cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, mould release agents, textile lubricants, flushing oils, slushing oils, insulating oils, and the like. In this sub-class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary: [3] a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. Salts of a compound are classified as that compound, e.g. lead-naphthenate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 1/24 and not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 1/54; [3] if more than one ingredient is essential, a mixture is classified at least according to the essential ingredient which belongs to the last appropriate place in the sequence of substances. [3]