|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01B |
MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS, OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS (measuring human body, see the relevant places, where such exist, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A41H 1/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A43D 1/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B 5/10; measuring appliances combined with walking-sticks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A45B 3/08; sorting according to dimensions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07; tool-setting or drawing instruments not specially modified for measuring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 49/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43L; combinations of measuring devices with writing-appliances Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/08; geodetical, nautical or aeronautical measuring, surveying, rangefinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C; photogrammetry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 11/00; measuring force Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L 1/00; investigating particle size, investigating surface area of porous material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; using radar, using sonar, using analogous systems employing other waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; geophysical measuring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V; measuring length or roll diameter of film in cameras or projectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 1/60; combinations of measuring devices with means for controlling or regulating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05; measuring elapsed travel of recording medium in recording and playback equipment, sensing diameter of record in autochange gramophones Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B; means structurally associated with electric rotary current collectors for indicating brush wear Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01R 39/58; indicating consumption of electrodes in arc lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 31/34)

|  | G01B |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). Measuring, by methods of general application, displacements, e.g. of the pointer of a measuring instrument, which are caused by variables of which the measurement is not covered by this sub-class, is dealt with in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D. The groups of this sub-class are distinguished by the means of measurement which is of major importance. Thus the mere application of other means for giving a final indication does not affect the classification. Machines operated on similar principles to the hand-held devices specified in this sub-class are classified with these devices.

|  | G01C |
MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS, OR BEARINGS, FOR SURVEYING OR NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY (measuring angles or linear dimensions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; measuring liquid level Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F; measuring intensity or direction of magnetic fields, other than the earth's field, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; involving the emission and reception of radio waves, other electromagnetic waves or sonic waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; optical systems therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B; maps, globes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B)

|  | G01C |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01. In this sub-class, "navigation" means determining the position and course of land vehicles, ships, aircraft, and space vehicles.

|  | G01D |
INDICATING OR RECORDING IN CONNECTION WITH MEASURING IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUB-CLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (means structurally associated with lightning or other overvoltage discharging apparatus for recording the operation thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; displaying information in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F; recording in a way which requires playback through a transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B)

|  | G01D |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). This sub-class includes: devices for indicating or recording the results of measurements, not peculiar to variables covered in a single other sub-class; analogous apparatus but in which the input is not a variable to be measured, e.g. a hand operation; details of measuring instruments, which are of general interest; measurement transducers not adapted solely for the measurement of a single specified variable and not provided for elsewhere; measuring or testing not otherwise provided for.

|  | G01F |
MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW, OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME (burettes or pipettes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01L 3/02; arrangements of liquid volume meters or volume-flow meters in liquid-delivering apparatus, e.g. for retail sale purposes, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B67D 5/16; pumps, fluid motors, details common to measuring or metering devices and pumps or fluid motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04) [2]

|  | G01F |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01).

|  | G01G |
WEIGHING (sorting by weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C 5/16)

|  | G01G |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01).

|  | G01H |
MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS, e.g. OF SOUND WAVES (generation of mechanical vibrations without measurement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B06B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R; measuring position, direction or velocity of an object Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; transducers per se, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R; determining unbalance Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M 1/14; determining properties of materials by sonic or ultrasonic waves transmitted therethrough Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; seismology, seismic prospecting, acoustic prospecting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V 1/00; recording vibrations for subsequent reproduction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B; manufacture of electromechanical resonators by processes which include measurement of frequency with consequential modification of the resonator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H 3/00)

|  | G01H |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). This sub-class includes the combination of generation and measurement of mechanical vibrations.

|  | G01J |
MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, OR PHASE OF INFRA-RED, VISIBLE OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N) [2]

|  | G01J |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). This sub-class includes the detection of the presence or absence of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light, not otherwise provided for.

|  | G01K |
MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (sensing temperature changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variation in temperature, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D or relevant sub-class for variable measured; radiation pyrometry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J; testing or determining physical or chemical properties of materials by measuring temperatures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; compound sensitive elements, e.g. bimetallic, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B 1/02)

|  | G01K |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). In this sub-class, the word "thermometer" includes thermally-sensitive elements not provided for in other sub-classes.

|  | G01L |
MEASURING FORCE, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (sensing pressure changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in pressure Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D or relevant sub-class for the variable measured; weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G)

|  | G01L |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01).

|  | G01M |
TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | G01M |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01).

|  | G01N |
INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (apparatus fully provided for in a single other sub-class, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01L; separating components of materials in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07; measuring or testing involving enzymes or micro-organisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12Q; investigation of foundation soil in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 1/00; sensing humidity changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in humidity, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D or relevant sub-class for variable measured; testing or determining the properties of structures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M; measuring or investigating electric or magnetic properties of materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; determining sensitivity, graininess, or density of photographic materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C 5/02; testing component parts of nuclear reactors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 17/00)

|  | G01N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). In this sub-class, the term "investigating" means testing or determining, and the term "materials" includes solid, liquid, and gaseous media, e.g. the atmosphere.

|  | G01P |
MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT (monitoring speed or deceleration of electrically-propelled vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L 3/00; vehicle lighting systems adapted to indicate speed Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60Q 1/54; determining position or course in navigation, measuring ground distance in geodesy or surveying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C; combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 23/00; measuring velocity of sound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01H; measuring velocity of light Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J 7/00; by reception or emission of radio waves, other electromagnetic waves, or sonic waves, and based on propagation time Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; measuring speed of nuclear radiation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T; measuring acceleration of gravity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V)

|  | G01P |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01).

|  | G01R |
MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (measuring physical variables of any kind by conversion into electric variables, see Note (4) following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; measuring diffusion of ions in an electric field, e.g. electrophoresis, electro-osmosis, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; investigating non-electric or non-magnetic properties of materials by using electric or magnetic methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03J 3/12; monitoring electronic pulse counters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 21/34; monitoring operation of communication systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04)

|  | G01R |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). This sub-class deals with (a) measuring all kinds of electric and magnetic variables directly or by derivation from other electric or magnetic variables; (b) measuring all kinds of electric and magnetic properties of materials; (c) testing electric and magnetic devices, apparatus, and networks (e.g. discharge tubes, amplifiers) and measuring their characteristics; (d) indicating presence or sign of current or voltage; (e) equipment for generating signals to be used for carrying out such tests and measurements. The expression "measuring" is used to include investigating. In this sub-class: The expression "arrangements for measuring" is used to mean "apparatus, circuits, or methods for measuring". Electric measuring instruments of the general types dealt with in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 9/00 but specially adapted for measuring a specific variable, e.g. frequency, phase, impedance, are dealt with in the groups relevant to such variables. Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 17/00 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/00-G01R 31/00.

|  | G01S |
RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING, LOCATING, DISTANCE OR VELOCITY MEASURING; RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS; ANALOGOUS SYSTEMS EMPLOYING OTHER WAVES (for special applications, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; navigation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C; measuring infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01H; measuring infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet radiation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J; transducers per se, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; detecting masses or objects not involving reflection or reradiation, geophysics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V; aerials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01Q)

|  | G01S |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), and to Note (1) following the title of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B.

|  | G01T |
MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION (radiation analysis of materials, mass spectrometry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; counters per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K; electric discharge tubes for analysing radiation or particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 40/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 47/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 49/00)

|  | G01T |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). This sub-class deals with the measurement of X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, cosmic radiation, or neutron radiation.

|  | G01V |
GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS (detecting or locating foreign bodies for diagnostic, surgical or person-identification purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61B; means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 29/02; measuring chemical or physical properties of earth materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general, other than direction or magnitude of the earth's field Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; radar, sonar or analogous methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 17/00)

|  | G01V |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). The geophysical methods of this sub-class apply both to the earth and to other celestial objects, e.g. planets.

|  | G01W |
METEOROLOGY (influencing weather conditions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01G 15/00; dispersing fog Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01H 13/00; instruments for measuring single variables in general, see the appropriate sub-class of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L; obtaining meteorological information by radar Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S 13/95)

|  | G01W |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). In this sub-class, the term "meteorology" includes measurement of certain ambient atmospheric conditions.