|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C12 |
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

|  | C12 |
Note(s) In the field of sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M-C12Q, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Within this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3] Within this class, non-obligatory classifications may be given as additional information relating to the micro-organisms used by means of the symbols of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12R. [3]

|  | C12F |
DISTILLATION AND RECTIFICATION OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS; DENATURING OF, AND DENATURED, ALCOHOL

|  | C12F 1/00 |
Distillation or rectification of fermented solutions (preparation of alcoholic beverages by distillation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12G 3/12)

|  | C12F 1/02 |
· | by continuous methods

|  | C12F 1/04 |
· | Rectification of spirit

|  | C12F 1/06 |
· · | by continuous methods

|  | C12F 1/08 |
· · · | Combined distillation and rectification

|  | C12F 3/00 |
Recovery of by-products

|  | C12F 3/02 |
· | of carbon dioxide

|  | C12F 3/04 |
· · | Recovery of volatile fermentation products from carbon dioxide

|  | C12F 3/06 |
· | from beer and wine (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12F 3/02 takes precedence; removal of yeast Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12G 1/08)

|  | C12F 3/08 |
· · | Recovery of alcohol from press residues or other waste material (from carbon dioxide Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12F 3/04)

|  | C12F 3/10 |
· | from distillery slops

|  | C12F 5/00 |
Preparation of denatured alcohol