|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulphides, and oxysulphides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid and salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00) [2]

|  | C07 |
Note(s) Anhydrides and halides of carboxylic acids are classified as the relevant acids unless otherwise indicated. Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 87/52), sodium malonate is classified as malonic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/08), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F— the alcoholates in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/235 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/44. Salts or adducts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts or adducts. [2] In the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a steroid is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/70), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Albumens, proteins, alkaloids of unknown structure, glucosides of unknown structure are examples of compounds to be found unter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G. Inventions dealing with chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation should be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed when such groups exist. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed when such groups exist. The compounds prepared may be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of compounds prepared.

|  | C07B |
GENERAL METHODS AND APPARATUS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

|  | C07B 1/00 |
Hydrogenation

|  | C07B 3/00 |
Oxidation; Dehydrogenation

|  | C07B 5/00 |
Dehydration, i.e. removal of the elements of water from organic substances

|  | C07B 5/02 |
· | from at least two molecules

|  | C07B 7/00 |
Hydrolysis

|  | C07B 9/00 |
Halogenation

|  | C07B 11/00 |
Nitration

|  | C07B 13/00 |
Sulphonation

|  | C07B 13/02 |
· | by reacting with sulphonating agents

|  | C07B 13/04 |
· | by oxidising sulphides, thiocyanates, or other compounds containing sulphur

|  | C07B 13/06 |
· | Sulphonating apparatus

|  | C07B 15/00 |
Diels-Alder reactions

|  | C07B 17/00 |
Grignard reactions

|  | C07B 19/00 |
Separation of one or both optically-active isomers from a racemic mixture

|  | C07B 19/02 |
· | by microbiological processes

|  | C07B 20/00 |
Racemisation of optically-active compounds [2]

|  | C07B 21/00 |
Separation of organic compounds by forming complex molecular compounds, e.g. with urea

|  | C07B 23/00 |
Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds

|  | C07B 25/00 |
Decarboxylation

|  | C07B 27/00 |
Introduction of a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical by forming a new carbon-to-carbon bond, e.g. alkylation [2]

|  | C07B 29/00 |
Other general methods (preparation of carboxylic acid esters by telomerisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 67/47; telomerisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F)

|  | C07B 29/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P )

|  | C07B 29/04 |
· | Generation of organic free radicals