|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H03 |
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY

|  | H03K |
PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; mechanical counters having an electrical input Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M; information storage devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11; sample-and-hold arrangements in electric analogue stores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 27/02; construction of switches involving contact making and breaking for generation of pulses, e.g. by using a moving magnet, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; static conversion of electric power Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02M; generation of oscillations by circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching manner Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L; discriminator circuits involving pulse counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D; automatic control of generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L; starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L)

|  | H03K |
Note(s) This sub-class deals with (a) methods, circuits, devices, or apparatus using active elements operating in a discontinuous or switching manner for generating, counting, amplifying, shaping, modulating, demodulating, coding, decoding, or otherwise manipulating signals, (b) electronic switching not involving contact-making and braking, and (c) logic circuits handling electric pulses. In this sub-class, an "active element" is understood to exercise control over the conversion of input energy into an oscillation or a discontinuous flow of energy.

|  | H03K 1/00 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L )

|  | H03K 1/02 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 1/00 )

|  | H03K 1/04 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 1/02 )

|  | H03K 1/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 3/00 )

|  | H03K 1/08 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 5/02 )

|  | H03K 1/10 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/013 )

|  | H03K 1/12 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 7/00 )

|  | H03K 1/14 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 5/00 )

|  | H03K 1/16 - H03K 1/17 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03L 7/00 )

|  | H03K 1/18 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/017 )

|  | H03K 3/00 |
Generating electric pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/01 |
· | Details [3]

|  | H03K 3/013 |
· · | Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference [3]

|  | H03K 3/017 |
· · | Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses (pulse width modulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 7/08) [3]

|  | H03K 3/02 |
· | Generators characterised by the type of circuit or other means used for producing pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/64-H03K 3/84 take precedence)

|  | H03K 3/023 |
· · | using differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback [3]

|  | H03K 3/027 |
· · | using logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback [3]

|  | H03K 3/03 |
· · · | Astable generators [3]

|  | H03K 3/033 |
· · · | Mono-stable generators [3]

|  | H03K 3/037 |
· · · | Bi-stable generators [3]

|  | H03K 3/04 |
· · | using as active elements vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence)

|  | H03K 3/05 |
· · · | using means other than a transformer for feedback

|  | H03K 3/06 |
· · · · | using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 3/08 |
· · · · · | astable

|  | H03K 3/09 |
· · · · · · | Stabilisation of output [2]

|  | H03K 3/10 |
· · · · · | mono-stable

|  | H03K 3/12 |
· · · · · | bi-stable

|  | H03K 3/14 |
· · · · · | multi-stable

|  | H03K 3/15 |
· · · · · | Circuits of which the state is dependent on the level of the input signal, e.g. Schmitt trigger

|  | H03K 3/16 |
· · · | using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core

|  | H03K 3/22 |
· · · · | specially adapted for amplitude comparison, i.e. Multiar

|  | H03K 3/26 |
· · | using as active elements bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence) [2]

|  | H03K 3/28 |
· · · | using means other than a transformer for feedback

|  | H03K 3/281 |
· · · · | using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 3/282 |
· · · · · | astable

|  | H03K 3/283 |
· · · · · · | Stabilisation of output [2]

|  | H03K 3/284 |
· · · · · | mono-stable

|  | H03K 3/286 |
· · · · · | bi-stable (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/295 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/287 |
· · · · · · | using additional transistors in the feedback circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/289 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/288 |
· · · · · · | using additional transistors in the input circuit (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/289 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 3/289 |
· · · · · · | of the master-slave type [3]

|  | H03K 3/29 |
· · · · · | multi-stable

|  | H03K 3/295 |
· · · · · | Circuits of which the state is dependent on the level of the input signal, e.g. Schmitt trigger

|  | H03K 3/30 |
· · · | using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 3/31 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/313, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/35, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/357 )

|  | H03K 3/313 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes, one or two potential-jump barriers, and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [3]

|  | H03K 3/315 |
· · · | using tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 3/33 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect

|  | H03K 3/335 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect

|  | H03K 3/35 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence)

|  | H03K 3/351 |
· · · | using unijunction transistors [3]

|  | H03K 3/352 |
· · · | using thyristors [3]

|  | H03K 3/353 |
· · | using as active elements field effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/023, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/027 take precedence) [2]

|  | H03K 3/354 |
· · · | Astable generators [3]

|  | H03K 3/355 |
· · · | Mono-stable generators [3]

|  | H03K 3/356 |
· · · | Bi-stable generators [3]

|  | H03K 3/357 |
· · | using as active elements bulk negative resistance devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices [2]

|  | H03K 3/36 |
· · | using semiconductors as active elements and not otherwise provided for [2]

|  | H03K 3/37 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes as active elements, e.g. astable trigger circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/55 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/38 |
· · | using superconductive devices as active elements

|  | H03K 3/40 |
· · | using electrochemical cells as active elements

|  | H03K 3/42 |
· · | using electro-optical devices as active elements to produce electric pulses

|  | H03K 3/43 |
· · | using beam deflection tubes as active elements

|  | H03K 3/45 |
· · | using as active elements non-linear magnetic devices; using as active elements non-linear dielectric devices

|  | H03K 3/47 |
· · · | using parametrons

|  | H03K 3/49 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices

|  | H03K 3/51 |
· · · | using multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxor

|  | H03K 3/53 |
· · | using an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/335 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/537 |
· · · | using spark gaps [3]

|  | H03K 3/543 |
· · · | using vacuum tubes [3]

|  | H03K 3/55 |
· · · | using gas-filled tubes having a control electrode

|  | H03K 3/57 |
· · · | using semiconductor devices

|  | H03K 3/59 |
· · | using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]

|  | H03K 3/64 |
· | Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses

|  | H03K 3/66 |
· · | by interrupting the output of a generator

|  | H03K 3/70 |
· · · | time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal

|  | H03K 3/72 |
· · | with means for varying repetition rate of trains

|  | H03K 3/78 |
· | Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number

|  | H03K 3/80 |
· | Generating trains of sinusoidal oscillations (by interrupting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | H03K 3/84 |
· | Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators [2]

|  | H03K 3/86 |
· | Generating pulses by means of delay lines and not covered by the preceding sub-groups [2]

|  | H03K 4/00 |
Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions

|  | H03K 4/02 |
· | having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform

|  | H03K 4/04 |
· | having parabolic shape

|  | H03K 4/06 |
· | having triangular shape

|  | H03K 4/08 |
· · | having sawtooth shape

|  | H03K 4/10 |
· · · | using as active elements vacuum tubes only

|  | H03K 4/12 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor

|  | H03K 4/14 |
· · · · · | using two tubes so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 4/16 |
· · · · · | using a single tube with positive feedback through transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/18 |
· · · · · | using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron

|  | H03K 4/20 |
· · · · · | using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/22 |
· · · · · · | combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron

|  | H03K 4/24 |
· · · · · | Boot-strap generators

|  | H03K 4/26 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor

|  | H03K 4/28 |
· · · · · | using a tube operating as a switching device

|  | H03K 4/30 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/41 )

|  | H03K 4/32 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/34 |
· · · · · · · | using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer

|  | H03K 4/36 |
· · · · · · · | using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron

|  | H03K 4/38 |
· · · · · · · · | combined with Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/39 |
· · · · · | using a tube operating as an amplifier [3]

|  | H03K 4/40 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/39, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/26 )

|  | H03K 4/41 |
· · · · · · | with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator [3]

|  | H03K 4/42 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/43, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/26 )

|  | H03K 4/43 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses [3]

|  | H03K 4/44 - H03K 4/46 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/39 )

|  | H03K 4/48 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/787-H03K 4/84 take precedence)

|  | H03K 4/50 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor

|  | H03K 4/52 |
· · · · · | using two semiconductor devices so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 4/54 |
· · · · · | using a single semiconductor device with positive feedback through a transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/56 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/58 |
· · · · · | Boot-strap generators

|  | H03K 4/60 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor

|  | H03K 4/62 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device operating as a switching device

|  | H03K 4/64 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/66 |
· · · · · · · | using a single device with positive feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/68 |
· · · · · · | Generators in which the switching device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle

|  | H03K 4/69 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device operating as an amplifier [3]

|  | H03K 4/70 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/69 )

|  | H03K 4/71 |
· · · · · · | with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator [3]

|  | H03K 4/72 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/74 - H03K 4/76 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/62, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/69 )

|  | H03K 4/787 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [2]

|  | H03K 4/793 |
· · · · | using tunnel diodes [2]

|  | H03K 4/80 |
· · · | using as active elements multi-layer diodes

|  | H03K 4/83 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions or with more than three electrodes or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region [2]

|  | H03K 4/84 |
· · · · | Generators in which the semiconductor device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle

|  | H03K 4/86 |
· · · | using as active elements gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 4/88 |
· · · | using as active elements electrochemical cells

|  | H03K 4/90 |
· · · | Linearisation of ramp; Synchronisation of pulses (in pictorial communication systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 1/36, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/04; colour synchronisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/44) [2]

|  | H03K 4/92 |
· | having a waveform comprising a portion of a sinusoid (generating sinusoidal oscillations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B) [2]

|  | H03K 4/94 |
· | having trapezoidal shape [2]

|  | H03K 5/00 |
Manipulating pulses not covered by one of the other main groups in this sub-class (circuits with regenerative action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00; using non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/45)

|  | H03K 5/00 |
Note(s) Within this group, the input signals are of the pulse type. [3]

|  | H03K 5/01 |
· | Shaping pulses

|  | H03K 5/02 |
· · | by amplifying (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/04 takes precedence; wide-band amplifiers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F)

|  | H03K 5/04 |
· · | by increasing duration; by decreasing duration

|  | H03K 5/05 |
· · · | using time reference signals, e.g. clock signals [3]

|  | H03K 5/06 |
· · · | using delay lines [3]

|  | H03K 5/07 |
· · · | using resonant circuits [3]

|  | H03K 5/08 |
· · | by limiting, by thresholding, by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/07 takes precedence; comparing one pulse with another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/22; providing a determined threshold for switching Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/30)

|  | H03K 5/12 |
· · | by steepening leading or trailing edges

|  | H03K 5/13 |
· | Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals

|  | H03K 5/135 |
· · | using time reference signals, e.g. clock signals [3]

|  | H03K 5/14 |
· · | using delay lines [3]

|  | H03K 5/145 |
· · | using resonant circuits [3]

|  | H03K 5/15 |
· | Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors (distributing, switching, or gating arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00) [2]

|  | H03K 5/153 |
· | Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant (switching at zero crossing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/13)

|  | H03K 5/156 |
· | Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern

|  | H03K 5/159 |
· | Applications of delay lines not covered by the preceding sub-groups

|  | H03K 5/18 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/19, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 29/02 )

|  | H03K 5/19 |
· | Monitoring patterns of pulse trains (indicating amplitude Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/00; indicating frequency Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 23/00; measuring characteristics of individual pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 29/02) [3]

|  | H03K 5/20 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/165, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 23/15 )

|  | H03K 5/22 |
· | Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral (indicating phase difference of two cyclic pulse trains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 25/00) [3]

|  | H03K 5/24 |
· · | the characteristic being amplitude [3]

|  | H03K 5/26 |
· · | the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence [3]

|  | H03K 6/00 |
Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this sub-class (circuits with regenerative action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00)

|  | H03K 6/00 |
Note(s) Within this group, the input signals are of the pulse type. [3]

|  | H03K 6/02 |
· | Amplifying pulses

|  | H03K 6/04 |
· | Modifying slopes of pulses

|  | H03K 6/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 12/00 )

|  | H03K 7/00 |
Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal

|  | H03K 7/02 |
· | Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM

|  | H03K 7/04 |
· | Position modulation, i.e. PPM

|  | H03K 7/06 |
· | Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM

|  | H03K 7/08 |
· | Duration or width modulation

|  | H03K 7/10 |
· | Combined modulation, e.g. rate modulation and amplitude modulation

|  | H03K 9/00 |
Demodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal

|  | H03K 9/02 |
· | of amplitude-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/04 |
· | of position-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/06 |
· | of frequency- or rate-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/08 |
· | of duration- or width-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/10 |
· | of pulses having combined modulation

|  | H03K 11/00 |
Transforming types of modulation, e.g. position-modulated pulses into duration-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 12/00 |
Producing pulses by distorting or combining sinusoidal waveforms (combining sinewaves using elements operating in a non-switching manner Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B) [3]

|  | H03K 13/00 |
Coding; Decoding

|  | H03K 13/01 |
· | Pulse code modulation (transmission systems using pulse code modulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 12/02) [2]

|  | H03K 13/02 |
· | Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion

|  | H03K 13/03 |
· · | Selection of analogue reference values from a given set of different values [2]

|  | H03K 13/05 |
· · · | Selection of a combination of reference values [2]

|  | H03K 13/08 |
· · · · | Analogue/digital reference modified, e.g. input value repeatedly compared with different sums of reference values [2]

|  | H03K 13/09 |
· · · · | Analogue/digital input modified, e.g. repetitive subtractions of reference values from the input in dependence upon comparison results [2]

|  | H03K 13/11 |
· · · | Selection of one reference value out of a set of possible values [2]

|  | H03K 13/17 |
· · | in which several reference values of different magnitudes are compared with the analogue value in succession, i.e. iterative type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/03 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H03K 13/175 |
· · | in which several reference values are compared simultaneously with the analogue value, i.e. direct comparing type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/03 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H03K 13/18 |
· · | by direct conversion, i.e. by reading a selected entry from a conversion device, e.g. coded tube

|  | H03K 13/20 |
· · | by intermediate conversion to a duration or frequency and subsequent counting

|  | H03K 13/22 |
· | Delta modulation; Differential modulation (transmission systems using delta or differential modulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 12/04)

|  | H03K 13/24 |
· | Converting from one code into another code

|  | H03K 13/243 |
· · | Static code converters in which one or more input lines are connected to one or more output lines, e.g. matrix type

|  | H03K 13/247 |
· · · | using magnetic elements, e.g. transfluxors

|  | H03K 13/25 |
· · · | using semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/252 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 13/252 |
· · · | using diodes

|  | H03K 13/254 |
· · · | using resistive or capacitive elements

|  | H03K 13/256 |
· · | Dynamic code converters, in which a succession of pulses in one line is converted into several simultaneously occurring pulses in several parallel lines or vice versa, e.g. series /parallel converter

|  | H03K 13/258 |
· · · | using shift registers (shift registers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C)

|  | H03K 13/32 |
· | Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring

|  | H03K 13/34 |
· · | Ensuring error-free coding or decoding, e.g. using parity check

|  | H03K 17/00 |
Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking (sample-and-hold arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C 27/02; switching or interrupting devices in waveguides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01P; gated amplifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F 3/72; switching arrangements for exchange systems using static devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 3/52)

|  | H03K 17/02 |
( covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00 )

|  | H03K 17/04 |
· | Modifications for accelerating switching

|  | H03K 17/06 |
· | Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state

|  | H03K 17/08 |
· | Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overload

|  | H03K 17/10 |
· | Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage

|  | H03K 17/12 |
· | Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current

|  | H03K 17/13 |
· | Modifications for switching at zero crossing (generating an impulse at zero crossing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/153) [3]

|  | H03K 17/14 |
· | Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature

|  | H03K 17/16 |
· | Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents

|  | H03K 17/18 |
· | Modifications for indicating state of switch

|  | H03K 17/20 |
· | Modifications for resetting core switching units to a predetermined state

|  | H03K 17/22 |
· | Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied (bi-stable generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/12)

|  | H03K 17/24 |
· · | Storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails

|  | H03K 17/26 |
· | Modifications for temporary blocking after receipt of control pulses

|  | H03K 17/28 |
· | Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching (time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/296)

|  | H03K 17/284 |
· · | in field-effect transistor switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/288 |
· · | in tube switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/292 |
· · | in thyristor, unijunction transistor or programmable unijunction transistor switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/296 |
· | Time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed (electronic clocks comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time-intervals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04G 15/00) [3]

|  | H03K 17/30 |
· | Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching (shaping pulses by thresholding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/08)

|  | H03K 17/51 |
· | characterised by the components used (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/04-H03K 17/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/94 take precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 17/52 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 17/54 |
· · | using vacuum tubes (using diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/74)

|  | H03K 17/56 |
· · | using semiconductor devices (using diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/74)

|  | H03K 17/58 |
· · · | using tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 17/60 |
· · · | using bipolar transistors

|  | H03K 17/62 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals (code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/24)

|  | H03K 17/64 |
· · · · | having inductive loads

|  | H03K 17/66 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will

|  | H03K 17/68 |
· · · · | specially adapted for switching ac currents or voltages

|  | H03K 17/687 |
· · · | using field-effect transistors [3]

|  | H03K 17/693 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals (code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/24) [3]

|  | H03K 17/70 |
· · · | having two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance (using tunnel diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/58)

|  | H03K 17/72 |
· · · | having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region

|  | H03K 17/725 |
· · · · | for ac voltages or currents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/735 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 17/73 |
· · · · | for dc voltages or currents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/735 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 17/735 |
· · · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals [3]

|  | H03K 17/74 |
· · | using diodes

|  | H03K 17/76 |
· · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals (code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/24)

|  | H03K 17/78 |
· · | using electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 17/80 |
· · | using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices

|  | H03K 17/81 |
· · · | Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals (code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/24) [3]

|  | H03K 17/82 |
· · · | using transfluxors

|  | H03K 17/84 |
· · · | using thin-film devices

|  | H03K 17/86 |
· · · | using twistors

|  | H03K 17/88 |
· · | using beam-deflection tubes

|  | H03K 17/90 |
· · | using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/95, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/97 take precedence) [2]

|  | H03K 17/92 |
· · | using superconductive devices [2]

|  | H03K 17/94 |
· | characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated [3]

|  | H03K 17/945 |
· · | Proximity switches (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/96 takes precedence) [3]

|  | H03K 17/95 |
· · · | using a magnetic detector [3]

|  | H03K 17/955 |
· · · | using a capacitive detector [3]

|  | H03K 17/96 |
· · | Touch switches [3]

|  | H03K 17/965 |
· · | Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch [3]

|  | H03K 17/97 |
· · · | using a magnetic movable element [3]

|  | H03K 17/975 |
· · · | using a capacitive movable element [3]

|  | H03K 19/00 |
Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits

|  | H03K 19/003 |
· | Modifications for increasing the reliability [3]

|  | H03K 19/007 |
· | Fail-safe circuits [3]

|  | H03K 19/01 |
· | Modifications for accelerating switching [3]

|  | H03K 19/013 |
· · | in bipolar transistor circuits [3]

|  | H03K 19/017 |
· · | in field-effect transistor circuits [3]

|  | H03K 19/02 |
· | characterised by the components used (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/003-H03K 19/017 take precedence)

|  | H03K 19/04 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 19/06 |
· · | using vacuum tubes (using diode rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/12)

|  | H03K 19/08 |
· · | using semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/173 takes precedence; wherein the semiconductor devices are only diode rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/12)

|  | H03K 19/082 |
· · · | using bipolar transistors [3]

|  | H03K 19/084 |
· · · · | Diode—transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/086 |
· · · · | Emitter coupled logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/088 |
· · · · | Transistor—transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/09 |
· · · · | Resistor—transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/091 |
· · · · | Integrated injection logic or merged transistor logic [3]

|  | H03K 19/092 |
· · · · | Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements [3]

|  | H03K 19/094 |
· · · | using field-effect transistors [3]

|  | H03K 19/096 |
· · · · | Synchronous circuits, i.e. using clock signals [3]

|  | H03K 19/098 |
· · · | using thyristors [3]

|  | H03K 19/10 |
· · · | using tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 19/12 |
· · | using diode rectifiers

|  | H03K 19/14 |
· · | using electro-optical devices (optical logic elements per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 3/00)

|  | H03K 19/16 |
· · | using saturable magnetic devices

|  | H03K 19/162 |
· · · | using parametrons

|  | H03K 19/164 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices

|  | H03K 19/166 |
· · · | using transfluxors

|  | H03K 19/168 |
· · · | using thin-film devices

|  | H03K 19/17 |
· · | using twistors

|  | H03K 19/173 |
· · | using elementary logic circuits as components [3]

|  | H03K 19/177 |
· · · | arranged in matrix form [3]

|  | H03K 19/18 |
· · | using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]

|  | H03K 19/185 |
· · | using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors [2]

|  | H03K 19/19 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices [2]

|  | H03K 19/195 |
· · | using superconductive devices [2]

|  | H03K 19/20 |
· | characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/003-H03K 19/01 take precedence)

|  | H03K 19/21 |
· · | EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits, i.e. giving output if input signal exists at only one input; COINCIDENCE circuits, i.e. giving output only if all input signals are identical [3]

|  | H03K 19/22 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/21, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/20 )

|  | H03K 19/23 |
· · | Majority or minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the majority or the minority of the inputs [3]

|  | H03K 19/24 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/21, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/20 )

|  | H03K 19/26 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/21 )

|  | H03K 19/28 - H03K 19/30 |
( covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/20 )

|  | H03K 19/32 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/21 )

|  | H03K 19/34 - H03K 19/40 |
( covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/20 )

|  | H03K 19/42 - H03K 19/44 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/23 )

|  | H03K 21/00 |
Details of pulse counters of frequency dividers

|  | H03K 21/02 |
· | Input circuits for pulses

|  | H03K 21/04 |
· · | comprising pulse-shaping or -differentiating circuits

|  | H03K 21/06 |
· · | comprising logic circuits

|  | H03K 21/08 |
· | Output circuits for pulses

|  | H03K 21/10 |
· · | comprising logic circuits

|  | H03K 21/12 |
· · · | with parallel read-out

|  | H03K 21/14 |
· · · | with series read-out of number stored

|  | H03K 21/16 |
· | Circuits for carrying-over pulses between successive decades

|  | H03K 21/18 |
· | Circuits for indicating the result

|  | H03K 21/20 |
· · | using glow-discharge lamps

|  | H03K 21/22 |
· · · | using multi-cathode lamps

|  | H03K 21/24 |
· · | using incandescent lamps

|  | H03K 21/26 |
· · | using pointer meters, e.g. electrometers

|  | H03K 21/28 |
· · | using amplifying devices

|  | H03K 21/30 |
· | Circuits for starting, stopping, or monitoring the counter

|  | H03K 21/32 |
· · | Starting-circuits; Resetting-circuits

|  | H03K 21/34 |
· · | Monitoring-circuits

|  | H03K 21/36 |
· · | for predetermined counting, i.e. counters which can be set to a predetermined starting condition or which produce an output signal when a predetermined number of pulses has been received

|  | H03K 23/00 |
Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 29/00 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/02 |
· | comprising a chain of identical two-state stages which are successively brought from one state into the other by successive pulses, these being applied simultaneously to more than one stage, e.g. ring counter

|  | H03K 23/03 |
· · | using relays

|  | H03K 23/035 |
· · · | using two groups of relays, e.g. one for oddand one for even-digit positions

|  | H03K 23/04 |
· · | using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits

|  | H03K 23/06 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only vacuum tubes

|  | H03K 23/08 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only semiconductor devices having at least three electrodes

|  | H03K 23/10 |
· · | using bi-stable magnetic cores; using bi-stable ferro-electric capacitors

|  | H03K 23/12 |
· · | using bi-stable electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 23/14 |
· · | using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. Zener diode; using thermistors

|  | H03K 23/16 |
· · · | with negative resistance characteristics, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode

|  | H03K 23/18 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 23/20 |
· · | using vacuum tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/06 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/22 |
· · | using semiconductor devices having at least three electrodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/08 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/24 |
· | comprising a chain of bi-stable stages, the pulses being applied to one stage only

|  | H03K 23/25 |
· · | using relays

|  | H03K 23/255 |
· · · | using two groups of relays, e.g. one for oddand one for even-digit positions

|  | H03K 23/26 |
· · | using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits

|  | H03K 23/28 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only vacuum tubes

|  | H03K 23/30 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only semiconductor devices having at least three electrodes

|  | H03K 23/32 |
· · | using bi-stable magnetic cores; using bi-stable ferro-electric capacitors

|  | H03K 23/34 |
· · | using bi-stable electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 23/36 |
· · | using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode

|  | H03K 23/38 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 25/00 |
Pulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 25/02 |
· | comprising charge storage, e.g. capacitor without polarisation hysteresis

|  | H03K 25/04 |
· · | using auxiliary pulse generator triggered by the incoming pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 25/10 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 25/06 |
· · · | with mono-stable multivibrator

|  | H03K 25/08 |
· · · | with blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 25/10 |
· · | using feedback for linearisation of successive charges

|  | H03K 25/12 |
· | comprising hysteresis storage

|  | H03K 25/14 |
· · | using ferro-electric capacitor

|  | H03K 25/16 |
· · · | with feedback for linearisation of successive charges

|  | H03K 25/18 |
· · | using ferromagnetic inductor

|  | H03K 27/00 |
Pulse counters in which pulses are continuously circulated in a closed loop; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 27/02 |
· | comprising a delay line in the closed loop

|  | H03K 29/00 |
Pulse counters comprising multi-stable elements, e.g. for ternary scale, for decimal scale; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 29/02 |
· | comprising multi-cathode gas-discharge tubes, electron-beam switching tubes or analogous semiconductor switching devices