|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G06 |
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 71/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63D 15/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63F 1/18; combinations of writing appliances with computing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/08)

|  | G06 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes (particularly the definition of the term "variable") on page 7 of this Section. In this class: The term "data" is understood to be synonymous with "information", and the term "information" is therefore not used in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F. The terms "calculating" and "computing" are both understood to include, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form; of these words "computing" is used throughout the class. "Computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the word "calcul" will serve for either word. In those sub-classes which include simulators: a simulator in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 is concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system; control functions derived from simulators are not in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 but are generally in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, although they may be in the sub-class for the device controlled; measurement of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator is in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; a simulator is regarded as a teaching or training device proper to class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09 if the simulator gives perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations the student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the functioning of apparatus or of a system are in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06, if no provision exists elsewhere. Components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, are classified in the relevant sub-class for these devices or machines and not in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09; a simulator may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale; models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators. The term "record carrier" is understood to mean a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information.

|  | G06K |
RECOGNITION OF DATA; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS (postal sorting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07C)

|  | G06K |
Note(s) This sub-class covers marking, sensing, and conveying of record carriers, recognising characters and other data, and presenting visually or otherwise the data recognised or the result of a computation, but does not include printing per se.

|  | G06K 1/00 |
Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion (interpreting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 3/02)

|  | G06K 1/02 |
· | by punching (punching in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26F)

|  | G06K 1/04 |
· · | controlled by sensing markings on the record carrier being punched (sensing of record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 7/00)

|  | G06K 1/05 |
· · | High-speed punches, e.g. controlled by electric computer

|  | G06K 1/06 |
· · | Manually-controlled devices

|  | G06K 1/08 |
· · · | Card punches

|  | G06K 1/10 |
· · · | Tape punches (specially adapted for a particular purpose, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. for transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | G06K 1/12 |
· | otherwise than by punching (printing in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J)

|  | G06K 1/14 |
· | by transferring data from a similar or dissimilar record carrier

|  | G06K 1/16 |
· · | by reproducing data from one punched card on to one or more punched cards without the code representation, i.e. duplicating

|  | G06K 1/18 |
· · | by transferring data from one type of record carrier on to another type of record carrier, e.g. from magnetic tape to punched card

|  | G06K 1/20 |
· | Simultaneous marking of record carrier and printing-out of data, e.g. printing-punch

|  | G06K 1/22 |
· · | Simultaneous marking and printing on different record carriers, e.g. on different types of record carrier

|  | G06K 3/00 |
Methods or arrangements for printing of data in the shape of alphanumeric or other characters from a record carrier, e.g. interpreting, printing-out from a magnetic tape

|  | G06K 3/02 |
· | Translating markings on a record carrier into printed data on the same record carrier, i.e. interpreting

|  | G06K 5/00 |
Methods or arrangements for verifying the correctness of markings on a record carrier; Column-detection devices

|  | G06K 5/02 |
· | the verifying forming a part of the marking action

|  | G06K 5/04 |
· | verifying the alignment of markings

|  | G06K 7/00 |
Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/00 takes precedence)

|  | G06K 7/01 |
· | Details

|  | G06K 7/015 |
· · | Aligning or centring of the sensing device with respect to the record carrier (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B)

|  | G06K 7/016 |
· · | Synchronisation of sensing process (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B)

|  | G06K 7/02 |
· | by pneumatic or hydraulic means, e.g. sensing punched holes with compressed air; by sonic means

|  | G06K 7/04 |
· | by mechanical means, e.g. by pins operating electric contacts

|  | G06K 7/06 |
· | by means which conduct current when a mark is sensed or absent, e.g. contact brush for a conductive mark

|  | G06K 7/08 |
· | by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes

|  | G06K 7/10 |
· | by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation

|  | G06K 7/12 |
· · | using a selected wavelength, e.g. to sense red marks and ignore blue marks

|  | G06K 7/14 |
· · | using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light

|  | G06K 9/00 |
Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints (processing or analysis of tracks of nuclear particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01T 5/02)

|  | G06K 9/02 |
( covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/00 )

|  | G06K 9/03 |
· | Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern [3]

|  | G06K 9/04 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/32 )

|  | G06K 9/06 - G06K 9/16 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/20-G06K 9/80 )

|  | G06K 9/18 |
· | using printed characters having additional code marks or containing code marks, e.g. the character being composed of individual strokes of different shape, each representing a different code value

|  | G06K 9/20 |
· | Image acquisition [3]

|  | G06K 9/22 |
· · | using hand-held instruments [3]

|  | G06K 9/24 |
· · · | Construction of the instrument [3]

|  | G06K 9/26 |
· · | using a slot moved over the image [3]

|  | G06K 9/28 |
· · | using discrete sensing elements at predetermined points [3]

|  | G06K 9/30 |
· · | using automatic curve following means [3]

|  | G06K 9/32 |
· · | Aligning or centering of the image pick-up or image-field [3]

|  | G06K 9/34 |
· · | Segmentation of touching or overlapping patterns in the image field [3]

|  | G06K 9/36 |
· | Image preprocessing, i.e. processing the image information without deciding about the identity of the image (digital computers for image processing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/20) [3]

|  | G06K 9/38 - G06K 9/56 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/58 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/38-G06K 9/56. [3]

|  | G06K 9/38 |
· · | Quantising the analogue image signal [3]

|  | G06K 9/40 |
· · | Noise filtering [3]

|  | G06K 9/42 |
· · | Normalisation of the pattern dimensions [3]

|  | G06K 9/44 |
· · | Smoothing or thinning of the pattern [3]

|  | G06K 9/46 |
· · | Extraction of features or characteristics of the image [3]

|  | G06K 9/48 |
· · · | by coding the contour of the pattern [3]

|  | G06K 9/50 |
· · · | by analysing segments intersecting the pattern [3]

|  | G06K 9/52 |
· · · | by deriving mathematical or geometrical properties from the whole image [3]

|  | G06K 9/54 |
· · | Combinations of preprocessing functions [3]

|  | G06K 9/56 |
· · · | using a local operator, i.e. means to operate on an elementary image point in terms of the immediate surroundings of this point [3]

|  | G06K 9/58 |
· · | using optical means [3]

|  | G06K 9/60 |
· | Combination of image acquisition and preprocessing functions [3]

|  | G06K 9/62 |
· | Methods or arrangements for recognition using electronic means (learning machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/18; digital correlation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/336; analogue correlation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 7/19) [3]

|  | G06K 9/64 |
· · | using simultaneous comparisons or correlations of the image signals with a plurality of references, e.g. resistor matrix [3]

|  | G06K 9/66 |
· · · | references adjustable by an adaptive method, e.g. learning [3]

|  | G06K 9/68 |
· · | using sequential comparisons of the image signals with a plurality of reference, e.g. addressable memory [3]

|  | G06K 9/70 |
· · · | the selection of the next reference depending on the result of the preceding comparison [3]

|  | G06K 9/72 |
· · | using context analysis based on the provisionally recognised identity of a number of successive patterns, e.g. a word [3]

|  | G06K 9/74 |
· | Arrangements for recognition using optical reference masks (optical analogue correlation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 9/00) [3]

|  | G06K 9/76 |
· · | using holographic masks [3]

|  | G06K 9/78 |
· | Combination of image acquisition and recognition functions [3]

|  | G06K 9/80 |
· | Combination of image preprocessing and recognition functions [3]

|  | G06K 9/82 |
· · | using optical means in one or both functions [3]

|  | G06K 11/00 |
Methods or arrangements for graph-reading or for converting the position of a manually-operated writing or tracing member into an electrical signal (combined with character or pattern recognition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 9/00; feelers for copying devices on machine tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 35/00; arrangements for measuring areas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; adapted as input devices to computers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/00) [2]

|  | G06K 11/02 |
· | Automatic curve followers

|  | G06K 11/04 |
· · | using an auxiliary scanning pattern [2]

|  | G06K 11/06 |
· | Devices for converting the position of a manually-operated writing or tracing member into an electrical signal [3]

|  | G06K 13/00 |
Conveying record carriers from one station to another, e.g. from stack to punching mechanism (transport devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G; handling thin or filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | G06K 13/02 |
· | the record carrier having longitudinal dimension comparable with transverse dimension, e.g. punched card

|  | G06K 13/04 |
· · | Details, e.g. flaps in card-sorting apparatus

|  | G06K 13/05 |
· · · | Capstans; Pinch rollers

|  | G06K 13/06 |
· · | Guiding cards; Checking correct operation of card-conveying mechanisms [2]

|  | G06K 13/063 |
· · · | Aligning cards [2]

|  | G06K 13/067 |
· · · | Checking presence, absence, correct position, or moving status of cards [2]

|  | G06K 13/07 |
· · | Transporting of cards between stations

|  | G06K 13/073 |
· · · | with continuous movement [2]

|  | G06K 13/077 |
· · · | with intermittent movement; Braking or stopping movement [2]

|  | G06K 13/08 |
· · | Feeding or discharging cards

|  | G06K 13/10 |
· · · | from magazine to conveying arrangement

|  | G06K 13/103 |
· · · · | using mechanical means [2]

|  | G06K 13/107 |
· · · · | using pneumatic means [2]

|  | G06K 13/12 |
· · · | from conveying arrangement to magazine

|  | G06K 13/14 |
· · · | Card magazines, e.g. pocket, hopper (card magazines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B42F)

|  | G06K 13/16 |
· · | Handling flexible sheets, e.g. cheques

|  | G06K 13/18 |
· | the record carrier being longitudinally extended, e.g. punched tape (features of interest apart from data processing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B; magnetic-tape drive Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00)

|  | G06K 13/20 |
· · | Details

|  | G06K 13/22 |
· · · | Capstans; Pinch rollers

|  | G06K 13/24 |
· · | Guiding of record carriers; Recognising end of record carrier

|  | G06K 13/26 |
· · | Winding-up or unwinding of record carriers; Driving of record carriers [2]

|  | G06K 13/28 |
· · · | continuously [2]

|  | G06K 13/30 |
· · · | intermittently [2]

|  | G06K 15/00 |
Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data

|  | G06K 15/02 |
· | involving the printing of alphanumeric characters

|  | G06K 15/04 |
· · | by rack-type printers

|  | G06K 15/06 |
· · | by type-wheel printers

|  | G06K 15/07 |
· · · | by contin ously-rotating-type-wheel printers, e.g. rotating-type-drum printers [2]

|  | G06K 15/08 |
· · | by flight printing with type font moving in the direction of the printed line, e.g. chain printers

|  | G06K 15/10 |
· · | by matrix printers

|  | G06K 15/12 |
· · | by photographic printing

|  | G06K 15/14 |
· · | by electrographic printing, e.g. xerography; by magnetographic printing

|  | G06K 15/16 |
· · | Means for paper feeding or form feeding

|  | G06K 15/18 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/147, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G 3/00, covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/00 )

|  | G06K 15/20 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 3/153, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09G 1/00 )

|  | G06K 15/22 |
· | not involving the printing of alphanumeric characters, e.g. producing graphs (recording measured values Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G06K 17/00 |
Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of the preceding main groups, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations

|  | G06K 19/00 |
Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings (record carriers adapted for controlling specific machines, see the appropriate sub-class for the machine, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L; form printing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41; file cards Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B42F 19/00; record carriers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11)

|  | G06K 19/02 |
· | characterised by the selection of materials, e.g. to avoid wear during transport through the machine

|  | G06K 19/04 |
· | characterised by the shape

|  | G06K 19/06 |
· | characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature

|  | G06K 19/08 |
· · | using markings of different kinds in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means

|  | G06K 21/00 |
Punched cards for information retrieval designed for manual use or handling by machine (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 19/00 takes precedence); Apparatus for handling such cards

|  | G06K 21/02 |
· | in which coincidence of markings is sensed mechanically, e.g. by needle

|  | G06K 21/04 |
· | in which coincidence of markings is sensed optically, e.g. peek-a-boo system

|  | G06K 21/06 |
· | Apparatus or tools adapted for slotting or otherwise marking information-retrieval cards (tools for perforating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26F)

|  | G06K 21/08 |
· | Apparatus or tools for correcting punching or slotting errors [2]