The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise.
The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding.
The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe).
The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe.
The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machines for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines.
Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.
In interpreting the term "combined operations", assembling of parts is not regarded as an operation per se if it is an essential feature of the next metal-working operation.
Non-mechanical operations on non-metallic materials are excluded unless such operations are specifically mentioned in this sub-class.
B23P 1/00
Working of metal by electro-erosion, i.e. removing particles from metal objects by direct action of high concentrations of electric current applied by devices taking the place of tools; Other metal-working using the same technique (electrolytic or electrophoretic coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D; electrolytic etching or polishing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25F 3/00)
B23P 1/02
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Apparatus; Devices; Electric circuits
B23P 1/04
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for performing electro-erosion within an electrolytic medium
B23P 1/06
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for arc discharge
B23P 1/08
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for spark discharge
B23P 1/10
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for combined erosion procedures; for simultaneous erosion and mechanical working of metal (mechanical grinding or polishing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)
B23P 1/12
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Electrodes; Moving or positioning electrodes relatively to work
B23P 1/14
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Maintaining the desired spacing between electrodes and work
B23P 1/16
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Applications of particular working media, e.g. dielectrics, electrolytes
B23P 1/18
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for built-up working, e.g. hard facing
B23P 1/20
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for producing effects on surfaces, e.g. smoothing or roughening
by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
B23P 13/00
Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other sub-class (making specific objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/00)
B23P 13/02
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in which only the machining operations are important
B23P 13/04
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involving slicing of profiled material
B23P 15/00
Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other sub-class or a group in this sub-class
B23P 15/00
Note(s)
This group is to be understood as restricted to objects covered by its sub-groups.
B23P 15/02
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turbine or like blades from one piece
B23P 15/04
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turbine or like blades from several pieces
B23P 15/06
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piston rings from one piece
B23P 15/08
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piston rings from several pieces
B23P 15/10
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pistons
B23P 15/12
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gratings
B23P 15/14
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gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
B23P 15/16
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plates with holes of very small diameter e.g. for spinning or burner nozzles
for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
B23P 19/04
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for assembling or disassembling parts
B23P 19/06
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Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
B23P 19/08
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Machines for placing washers, circlips, or the like on bolts or other members
B23P 21/00
Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
B23P 23/00
Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other sub-class (if the particular kinds of operation are not essential Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 37/00-B23Q 41/00; features relating to operations covered by a single sub-class, see the relevant sub-class for the operation)
for both machining and other metal-working operations
B23P 23/06
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Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
B23P 25/00
Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress