|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

METALLURGY

|  | C25 |
ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR (electrodialysis, electro-osmosis, separation of liquids by electricity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; electrolytic machining Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; electroless, i. e. chemical, plating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C; anodic or cathodic protection Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F; electrolytic production of single crystals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B; electrochemical methods of analysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; electrochemical measuring, indicating or recording devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; electrolytic circuit elements, e.g. capacitors, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G; electrochemical current or voltage generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M) [2]

|  | C25 |
Note(s) Inventions dealing with electrolytic or electrophoretic processes and apparatus or operational features are classified (a) under the groups for the compounds or articles produced, and (b) under the groups provided for the apparatus or operational features. [2] The electrolytic or eletrophoretic purification of liquids is classified in the classes appropriate to the nature of the liquid, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01K 63/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02F 1/46, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 15/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 21/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25F 7/02. [2]

|  | C25D |
PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING (printed circuits by metal deposition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05K 3/18); APPARATUS THEREFOR [2]

|  | C25D 1/00 |
Electroforming [2]

|  | C25D 1/02 |
· | Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies [2]

|  | C25D 1/04 |
· | Wires; Strips; Foils [2]

|  | C25D 1/06 |
· | Wholly-metallic mirrors [2]

|  | C25D 1/08 |
· | Perforated or foraminous objects, e.g. sieves (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 1/10 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 1/10 |
· | Moulds; Masks; Masterforms [2]

|  | C25D 1/12 |
· | by electrophoresis [2]

|  | C25D 1/14 |
· · | of inorganic material [2]

|  | C25D 1/16 |
· · · | Metals [2]

|  | C25D 1/18 |
· · | of organic material [2]

|  | C25D 1/20 |
· | Separation of the formed objects from the electrodes [2]

|  | C25D 1/22 |
· · | Separating compounds [2]

|  | C25D 3/00 |
Electroplating; Baths therefor [2]

|  | C25D 3/02 |
· | from solutions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 5/24-C25D 5/32 take precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 3/04 |
· · | of chromium [2]

|  | C25D 3/06 |
· · · | from solutions of trivalent chromium [2]

|  | C25D 3/08 |
· · · | Deposition of black chromium [2]

|  | C25D 3/10 |
· · · | characterised by the organic bath constituents used [2]

|  | C25D 3/12 |
· · | of nickel or cobalt [2]

|  | C25D 3/14 |
· · · | from baths containing acetylenic or heterocyclic compounds [2]

|  | C25D 3/16 |
· · · · | Acetylenic compounds [2]

|  | C25D 3/18 |
· · · · | Heterocyclic compounds [2]

|  | C25D 3/20 |
· · | of iron [2]

|  | C25D 3/22 |
· · | of zinc [2]

|  | C25D 3/24 |
· · · | from cyanide baths [2]

|  | C25D 3/26 |
· · | of cadmium [2]

|  | C25D 3/28 |
· · · | from cyanide baths [2]

|  | C25D 3/30 |
· · | of tin [2]

|  | C25D 3/32 |
· · · | characterised by the organic bath constituents used [2]

|  | C25D 3/34 |
· · | of lead [2]

|  | C25D 3/36 |
· · · | characterised by the organic bath constituents used [2]

|  | C25D 3/38 |
· · | of copper [2]

|  | C25D 3/40 |
· · · | from cyanide baths [2]

|  | C25D 3/42 |
· · | of light metals [2]

|  | C25D 3/44 |
· · · | Aluminium [2]

|  | C25D 3/46 |
· · | of silver [2]

|  | C25D 3/48 |
· · | of gold [2]

|  | C25D 3/50 |
· · | of platinum group metals [2]

|  | C25D 3/52 |
· · · | characterised by the organic bath constituents used [2]

|  | C25D 3/54 |
· · | of metals not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 3/04-C25D 3/50 [2]

|  | C25D 3/56 |
· · | of alloys [2]

|  | C25D 3/58 |
· · · | containing more than 50% by weight of copper [2]

|  | C25D 3/60 |
· · · | containing more than 50% by weight of tin [2]

|  | C25D 3/62 |
· · · | containing more than 50% by weight of gold [2]

|  | C25D 3/64 |
· · · | containing more than 50% by weight of silver [2]

|  | C25D 3/66 |
· | from melts [2]

|  | C25D 5/00 |
Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces [2]

|  | C25D 5/02 |
· | Electroplating of selected surface areas [2]

|  | C25D 5/04 |
· | Electroplating with moving electrodes [2]

|  | C25D 5/06 |
· · | Brush or pad plating [2]

|  | C25D 5/08 |
· | Electroplating with moving electrolyte, e.g. jet electroplating [2]

|  | C25D 5/10 |
· | Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals (for bearings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 7/10) [2]

|  | C25D 5/12 |
· · | at least one layer being of nickel or chromium [2]

|  | C25D 5/14 |
· · · | two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers [2]

|  | C25D 5/16 |
· | Electroplating with layers of varying thickness [2]

|  | C25D 5/18 |
· | Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current [2]

|  | C25D 5/20 |
· | Electroplating using ultrasonics [2]

|  | C25D 5/22 |
· | Electroplating combined with mechanical treatment during the deposition [2]

|  | C25D 5/24 |
· | Electroplating of metal surfaces to which a coating cannot readily be applied (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 5/34 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 5/26 |
· · | of iron or steel surfaces [2]

|  | C25D 5/28 |
· · | of surfaces of refractory metals [2]

|  | C25D 5/30 |
· · | of surfaces of light metals [2]

|  | C25D 5/32 |
· · | of surfaces of actinides [2]

|  | C25D 5/34 |
· | Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated [2]

|  | C25D 5/36 |
· · | of iron or steel [2]

|  | C25D 5/38 |
· · | of refractory metals or nickel [2]

|  | C25D 5/40 |
· · · | Nickel; Chromium [2]

|  | C25D 5/42 |
· · | of light metals [2]

|  | C25D 5/44 |
· · · | Aluminium [2]

|  | C25D 5/46 |
· · | of actinides [2]

|  | C25D 5/48 |
· | After-treatment of electroplated surfaces [2]

|  | C25D 5/50 |
· · | by heat-treatment [2]

|  | C25D 5/52 |
· · | by brightening or burnishing [2]

|  | C25D 5/54 |
· | Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 7/12 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 5/56 |
· · | of plastics [2]

|  | C25D 7/00 |
Electroplating characterised by the article coated [2]

|  | C25D 7/02 |
· | Slide fasteners [2]

|  | C25D 7/04 |
· | Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies [2]

|  | C25D 7/06 |
· | Wires; Strips; Foils [2]

|  | C25D 7/08 |
· | Mirrors; Reflectors [2]

|  | C25D 7/10 |
· | Bearings [2]

|  | C25D 7/12 |
· | Semiconductors [2]

|  | C25D 9/00 |
Electrolytic coating other than with metals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 11/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 15/00 take precedence; eletrophoretic coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 13/00) [2]

|  | C25D 9/02 |
· | with organic materials [2]

|  | C25D 9/04 |
· | with inorganic materials [2]

|  | C25D 9/06 |
· · | by anodic processes [2]

|  | C25D 9/08 |
· · | by cathodic processes [2]

|  | C25D 9/10 |
· · · | on iron or steel [2]

|  | C25D 9/12 |
· · · | on light metals [2]

|  | C25D 11/00 |
Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers [2]

|  | C25D 11/02 |
· | Anodisation [2]

|  | C25D 11/04 |
· · | of aluminium or alloys based thereon [2]

|  | C25D 11/06 |
· · · | characterised by the electrolytes used [2]

|  | C25D 11/08 |
· · · · | containing inorganic acids [2]

|  | C25D 11/10 |
· · · · | containing organic acids [2]

|  | C25D 11/12 |
· · · | Anodising more than once, e.g. in different baths [2]

|  | C25D 11/14 |
· · · | Producing integrally coloured layers [2]

|  | C25D 11/16 |
· · · | Pretreatment [2]

|  | C25D 11/18 |
· · · | After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing (lacquering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44D) [2]

|  | C25D 11/20 |
· · · · | Electrolytic after-treatment [2]

|  | C25D 11/22 |
· · · · · | for colouring layers [2]

|  | C25D 11/24 |
· · · · | Chemical after-treatment [2]

|  | C25D 11/26 |
· · | of refractory metals or alloys based thereon [2]

|  | C25D 11/28 |
· · | of actinides or alloys based thereon [2]

|  | C25D 11/30 |
· · | of magnesium or alloys based thereon [2]

|  | C25D 11/32 |
· · | of semiconducting materials [2]

|  | C25D 11/34 |
· · | of metals or alloys not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 11/04-C25D 11/32 [2]

|  | C25D 11/36 |
· | Phosphatising [2]

|  | C25D 11/38 |
· | Chromatising [2]

|  | C25D 13/00 |
Electrophoretic coating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 15/00 takes precedence; apparatus for continuously conveying articles into baths Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 49/00) [2]

|  | C25D 13/02 |
· | with inorganic material [2]

|  | C25D 13/04 |
· | with organic material [2]

|  | C25D 13/06 |
· · | polymers [2]

|  | C25D 13/08 |
· · · | by polymerisation in situ of monomeric materials [2]

|  | C25D 13/10 |
· | characterised by the additives used [2]

|  | C25D 13/12 |
· | characterised by the article coated [2]

|  | C25D 13/14 |
· · | Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies [2]

|  | C25D 13/16 |
· · | Wires; Strips; Foils [2]

|  | C25D 13/18 |
· | using modulated, pulsed or reversing current [2]

|  | C25D 13/20 |
· | Pretreatment [2]

|  | C25D 13/22 |
· | Servicing or operating [2]

|  | C25D 13/24 |
· · | Regeneration of process liquids [2]

|  | C25D 15/00 |
Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires [2]

|  | C25D 15/02 |
· | Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes [2]

|  | C25D 17/00 |
Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating (apparatus for continuously conveying articles into baths Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 49/00; electric devices, see the relevant classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G) [2]

|  | C25D 17/02 |
· | Tanks; Installations therefor [2]

|  | C25D 17/04 |
· · | External supporting frames or structures [2]

|  | C25D 17/06 |
· | Suspending or supporting devices for articles to be coated [2]

|  | C25D 17/08 |
· · | Racks [2]

|  | C25D 17/10 |
· | Electrodes [2]

|  | C25D 17/12 |
· · | Shape or form (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 17/14 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 17/14 |
· · | for pad-plating [2]

|  | C25D 17/16 |
· | Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk [2]

|  | C25D 17/18 |
· · | having closed containers [2]

|  | C25D 17/20 |
· · · | Horizontal barrels [2]

|  | C25D 17/22 |
· · | having open containers [2]

|  | C25D 17/24 |
· · · | Oblique barrels [2]

|  | C25D 17/26 |
· · · | Oscillating baskets [2]

|  | C25D 17/28 |
· · | with means for moving the objects individually through the apparatus during the treatment [2]

|  | C25D 19/00 |
Electrolytic coating plants [2]

|  | C25D 21/00 |
Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating [2]

|  | C25D 21/02 |
· | Heating or cooling [2]

|  | C25D 21/04 |
· | Removal of gases or vapours [2]

|  | C25D 21/06 |
· | Filtering [2]

|  | C25D 21/08 |
· | Rinsing [2]

|  | C25D 21/10 |
· | Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks [2]

|  | C25D 21/11 |
· | Use of protective surface layers on electrolytic baths [3]

|  | C25D 21/12 |
· | Process control or regulation (controlling or regulating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05) [2]

|  | C25D 21/14 |
· · | Controlled addition of electrolyte components [2]

|  | C25D 21/16 |
· | Regeneration of process solutions [2]

|  | C25D 21/18 |
· · | of electrolytes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 21/22 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 21/20 |
· · | of rinse-solutions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 21/22 takes precedence) [2]

|  | C25D 21/22 |
· · | by ion-exchange [2]