C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

Definitions for Section C:

  • Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
  • Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
  • Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
  • Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
  • Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
  • Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
  • Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
  • Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
  • Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
  • Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
  • Metals: elements other than non-metals
  • Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In the field of sub-classes C12M-C12Q, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. Within this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3]
  3. Within this class, non-obligatory classifications may be given as additional information relating to the micro-organisms used by means of the symbols of sub-class C12R[3]
 C12N
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material A01N 63/00; food compositions A21, A23; medicinal preparations A61K; fertilisers C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS OR TISSUE (preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q)  [3]
 C12N

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to the scope of the term "micro-organisms" in Note (2) following the title of class C12[3]

 C12N 1/00
Micro-organisms per se, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof (medicinal preparations containing material from micro-organisms A61K 35/66; preparing medicinal bacterial antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. bacterial vaccines, A61K 39/00); Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving micro-organisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a micro-organism; Culture media therefor (edible compositions containing micro-organisms and processes of preparing same A21, A23)  [3]
 C12N 1/02
·  Separating micro-organisms from their culture media  [3]
 C12N 1/04
·  Preserving or maintaining viable micro-organisms (immobilised micro-organisms C12N 11/00)  [3]
 C12N 1/06
·  Lysis of micro-organisms  [3]
 C12N 1/08
·  Reducing the nucleic acid content  [3]
 C12N 1/10
·  Protozoa; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/12
·  Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor (culture of multi-cellular plants A01G; as new plants per se A01H 13/00)  [3]
 C12N 1/14
·  Fungi (culture of mushrooms A01G 1/04; as new plants per se A01H 15/00); Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/16
·  ·  Yeasts; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/18
·  ·  ·  Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast  [3]
 C12N 1/20
·  Bacteria; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 1/22
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof  [3]
 C12N 1/24
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, waste sulphite liquor  [3]
 C12N 1/26
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons (refining of hydrocarbon oils by using micro-organisms C10G 32/00)  [3]
 C12N 1/28
·  ·  aliphatic  [3]
 C12N 1/30
·  ·  ·  having five or less carbon atoms  [3]
 C12N 1/32
·  Processes using, or culture media containing, lower alkanols, i.e. C1 to C6  [3]
 C12N 1/34
·  Processes using foam culture  [3]
 C12N 1/36
·  Adaptation or attenuation of cells  [3]
 C12N 1/38
·  Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound (C12N 1/34 takes precedence)  [3]
 C12N 3/00
Spore-forming or isolating processes  [3]
 C12N 5/00
Undifferentiated animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 5/02
·  Propagation of single cells or cells in suspension; Maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor  [3]
 C12N 7/00
Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof (medicinal preparations containing viruses A61K 35/76; preparing medicinal viral antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. virus vaccines, A61K 39/00)  [3]
 C12N 7/02
·  Recovery or purification  [3]
 C12N 7/04
·  Inactivation or attenuation; Producing viral sub-units  [3]
 C12N 7/06
·  ·  by chemical treatment  [3]
 C12N 7/08
·  ·  by serial passage of virus  [3]
 C12N 9/00
Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.); Proenzymes; Compositions thereof (preparations containing enzymes for cleaning teeth A61K 7/28; medicinal preparations containing enzymes A61K 37/48; enzyme containing detergent compositions C11D); Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes (preparation of malt C12C 1/00)  [3]
 C12N 9/00

Note(s)

Enzymes are generally categorised below according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the groups below in parenthesis. [3]

 C12N 9/02
·  Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase  [3]
 C12N 9/04
·  ·  acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)  [3]
 C12N 9/06
·  ·  acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)  [3]
 C12N 9/08
·  ·  acting on hydrogen peroxide as acceptor (1.11)  [3]
 C12N 9/10
·  Transferases (2.) (ribonucleases C12N 9/22)  [3]
 C12N 9/12
·  ·  transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)  [3]
 C12N 9/14
·  Hydrolases (3.)  [3]
 C12N 9/16
·  ·  acting on ester bonds (3.1)  [3]
 C12N 9/18
·  ·  ·  Carboxylic ester hydrolases  [3]
 C12N 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase  [3]
 C12N 9/22
·  ·  ·  Ribonucleases  [3]
 C12N 9/24
·  ·  acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)  [3]
 C12N 9/26
·  ·  ·  acting on alpha-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. hyaluronidase, invertase, amylase  [3]
 C12N 9/28
·  ·  ·  ·  alpha-amylase from microbial source, e.g. bacterial amylase  [3]
 C12N 9/30
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Fungal source  [3]
 C12N 9/32
·  ·  ·  ·  alpha-amylase from plant source  [3]
 C12N 9/34
·  ·  ·  ·  Glucoamylase  [3]
 C12N 9/36
·  ·  ·  acting on beta-1, 4 bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and 2-acetylamino 2-deoxy-D-glucose, e.g. lysozyme  [3]
 C12N 9/38
·  ·  ·  acting on beta-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. beta-galactosidase  [3]
 C12N 9/40
·  ·  ·  acting on alpha-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. alpha-galactosidase  [3]
 C12N 9/42
·  ·  ·  acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase  [3]
 C12N 9/44
·  ·  ·  acting on alpha-1, 6-glucosidic bonds, e.g. isoamylase, pullulanase  [3]
 C12N 9/46
·  ·  ·  ·  Dextranase  [3]
 C12N 9/48
·  ·  acting on peptide bonds, e.g. thromboplastin, leucine aminopeptidase (3.4)  [3]
 C12N 9/50
·  ·  ·  Proteinases  [3]
 C12N 9/52
·  ·  ·  ·  derived from bacteria  [3]
 C12N 9/54
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  bacteria being Bacillus  [3]
 C12N 9/56
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis  [3]
 C12N 9/58
·  ·  ·  ·  derived from fungi  [3]
 C12N 9/60
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  from yeast  [3]
 C12N 9/62
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  from Aspergillus  [3]
 C12N 9/64
·  ·  ·  ·  derived from animal tissue, e.g. rennin  [3]
 C12N 9/66
·  ·  ·  Elastase  [3]
 C12N 9/68
·  ·  ·  Plasmin, i.e. fibrinolysin  [3]
 C12N 9/70
·  ·  ·  Streptokinase  [3]
 C12N 9/72
·  ·  ·  Urokinase  [3]
 C12N 9/74
·  ·  ·  Thrombin  [3]
 C12N 9/76
·  ·  ·  Trypsin; Chymotrypsin  [3]
 C12N 9/78
·  ·  acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)  [3]
 C12N 9/80
·  ·  ·  acting on amide bonds in linear amides  [3]
 C12N 9/82
·  ·  ·  ·  Asparaginase  [3]
 C12N 9/84
·  ·  ·  ·  Penicillin amidase  [3]
 C12N 9/86
·  ·  ·  acting on amide bonds in cyclic amides, e.g. penicillinase  [3]
 C12N 9/88
·  Lyases (4.)  [3]
 C12N 9/90
·  Isomerases (5.)  [3]
 C12N 9/92
·  ·  Glucose isomerase  [3]
 C12N 9/94
·  Pancreatin  [3]
 C12N 9/96
·  Stabilising an enzyme by forming an adduct or a composition; Forming enzyme conjugates  [3]
 C12N 9/98
·  Preparation of granular or free-flowing enzyme compositions (C12N 9/96 takes precedence)  [3]
 C12N 9/99
·  Enzyme inactivation by chemical treatment  [3]
 C12N 11/00
Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof  [3]
 C12N 11/02
·  Enzymes or microbial cells being immobilised on or in an organic carrier  [3]
 C12N 11/04
·  ·  entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel, hollow fibre  [3]
 C12N 11/06
·  ·  attached to the carrier via a bridging agent  [3]
 C12N 11/08
·  ·  carrier being a synthetic polymer  [3]
 C12N 11/10
·  ·  carrier being a carbohydrate  [3]
 C12N 11/12
·  ·  ·  Cellulose or derivative thereof  [3]
 C12N 11/14
·  Enzyme or microbial cells being immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier  [3]
 C12N 11/16
·  Enzymes or microbial cells being immobilised on or in a biological cell  [3]
 C12N 11/18
·  Multi-enzyme systems  [3]
 C12N 13/00
Treatment of micro-organisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves  [3]
 C12N 15/00
Mutation or genetic engineering (processes for producing plant mutations A01H 1/06)  [3]
 C12N 15/00

Note(s)

Processes included in group C12N 15/00 are those wherein there is a modification of the genetic material which would not normally occur in nature without intervention of man which produce a change in the gene structure which is passed on to succeeding generations. [3]