|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

|  | C |
Note(s) Definitions for Section C: Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg Heavy metals: metals other than light metals Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens Metals: elements other than non-metals Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

CHEMISTRY

|  | C12 |
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

|  | C12 |
Note(s) In the field of sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12M-C12Q, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place. [3] Within this class, viruses, undifferentiated plant or animal cells, protozoa and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. Also, sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [3] Within this class, non-obligatory classifications may be given as additional information relating to the micro-organisms used by means of the symbols of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12R. [3]

|  | C12R |
PROCESSES USING MICRO-ORGANISMS [3]

|  | C12R |
Note(s) This sub-class is only for non-obligatory classifications as additional information relating to inventions already classified as obligatory classifications in other sub-classes of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12. The classification symbols of this sub-class may be added, in conformity with paragraph 80 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke so as to provide information concerning the micro-organisms used in the processes classified in sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C-C12Q. [3] The basis for the bacteria terminology is "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology", Eighth Edition, 1975. [3]

|  | C12R 1/00 |
Processes using micro-organisms [3]

|  | C12R 1/01 |
· | using bacteria or actinomycetales [3]

|  | C12R 1/02 |
· · | Acetobacter [3]

|  | C12R 1/025 |
· · | Achromobacter [3]

|  | C12R 1/03 |
· · | Actinomadura [3]

|  | C12R 1/04 |
· · | Actinomyces [3]

|  | C12R 1/045 |
· · | Actinoplanes [3]

|  | C12R 1/05 |
· · | Alcaligenes [3]

|  | C12R 1/06 |
· · | Arthrobacter [3]

|  | C12R 1/065 |
· · | Azotobacter [3]

|  | C12R 1/07 |
· · | Bacillus [3]

|  | C12R 1/08 |
· · · | Bacillus brevis [3]

|  | C12R 1/085 |
· · · | Bacillus cereus [3]

|  | C12R 1/09 |
· · · | Bacillus circulans [3]

|  | C12R 1/10 |
· · · | Bacillus licheniformis [3]

|  | C12R 1/11 |
· · · | Bacillus megaterium [3]

|  | C12R 1/12 |
· · · | Bacillus polymyxa [3]

|  | C12R 1/125 |
· · · | Bacillus subtilis [3]

|  | C12R 1/13 |
· · | Brevibacterium [3]

|  | C12R 1/14 |
· · | Chainia [3]

|  | C12R 1/145 |
· · | Clostridium [3]

|  | C12R 1/15 |
· · | Corynebacterium [3]

|  | C12R 1/16 |
· · · | Corynebacterium diphtheriae [3]

|  | C12R 1/165 |
· · · | Corynebacterium poinsettiae [3]

|  | C12R 1/17 |
· · · | Corynebacterium pyogenes [3]

|  | C12R 1/18 |
· · | Erwinia [3]

|  | C12R 1/185 |
· · | Escherichia [3]

|  | C12R 1/19 |
· · · | Escherichia coli [3]

|  | C12R 1/20 |
· · | Flavobacterium [3]

|  | C12R 1/21 |
· · | Haemophilus [3]

|  | C12R 1/22 |
· · | Klebsiella [3]

|  | C12R 1/225 |
· · | Lactobacillus [3]

|  | C12R 1/23 |
· · · | Lactobacillus acidophilus [3]

|  | C12R 1/24 |
· · · | Lactobacillus brevis [3]

|  | C12R 1/245 |
· · · | Lactobacillus casei [3]

|  | C12R 1/25 |
· · · | Lactobacillus plantarum [3]

|  | C12R 1/26 |
· · | Methylomonas [3]

|  | C12R 1/265 |
· · | Micrococcus [3]

|  | C12R 1/27 |
· · · | Micrococcus flavus [3]

|  | C12R 1/28 |
· · · | Micrococcus glutamicus [3]

|  | C12R 1/285 |
· · · | Micrococcus lysodeikticus [3]

|  | C12R 1/29 |
· · | Micromonospora [3]

|  | C12R 1/30 |
· · · | Micromonospora chalcea [3]

|  | C12R 1/31 |
· · · | Micromonospora purpurea [3]

|  | C12R 1/32 |
· · | Mycobacterium [3]

|  | C12R 1/325 |
· · · | Mycobacterium avium [3]

|  | C12R 1/33 |
· · · | Mycobacterium fortuitum [3]

|  | C12R 1/34 |
· · · | Mycobacterium smegmatis [3]

|  | C12R 1/35 |
· · | Mycoplasma [3]

|  | C12R 1/36 |
· · | Neisseria [3]

|  | C12R 1/365 |
· · | Nocardia [3]

|  | C12R 1/37 |
· · | Proteus [3]

|  | C12R 1/38 |
· · | Pseudomonas [3]

|  | C12R 1/385 |
· · · | Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3]

|  | C12R 1/39 |
· · · | Pseudomonas fluorescens [3]

|  | C12R 1/40 |
· · · | Pseudomonas putida [3]

|  | C12R 1/41 |
· · | Rhizobium [3]

|  | C12R 1/42 |
· · | Salmonella [3]

|  | C12R 1/425 |
· · | Serratia [3]

|  | C12R 1/43 |
· · · | Serratia marcescens [3]

|  | C12R 1/44 |
· · | Staphylococcus [3]

|  | C12R 1/445 |
· · · | Staphylococcus aureus [3]

|  | C12R 1/45 |
· · · | Staphylococcus epidermidis [3]

|  | C12R 1/46 |
· · | Streptococcus [3]

|  | C12R 1/465 |
· · | Streptomyces [3]

|  | C12R 1/47 |
· · · | Streptomyces albus [3]

|  | C12R 1/48 |
· · · | Streptomyces antibioticus [3]

|  | C12R 1/485 |
· · · | Streptomyces aureofaciens [3]

|  | C12R 1/49 |
· · · | Streptomyces aureus [3]

|  | C12R 1/50 |
· · · | Streptomyces bikiniensis [3]

|  | C12R 1/51 |
· · · | Streptomyces candidus [3]

|  | C12R 1/52 |
· · · | Streptomyces chartreusis [3]

|  | C12R 1/525 |
· · · | Streptomyces diastatochromogenes [3]

|  | C12R 1/53 |
· · · | Streptomyces filipinensis [3]

|  | C12R 1/54 |
· · · | Streptomyces fradiae [3]

|  | C12R 1/545 |
· · · | Streptomyces griseus [3]

|  | C12R 1/55 |
· · · | Streptomyces hygroscopicus [3]

|  | C12R 1/56 |
· · · | Streptomyces lavendulae [3]

|  | C12R 1/565 |
· · · | Streptomyces lincolnensis [3]

|  | C12R 1/57 |
· · · | Streptomyces noursei [3]

|  | C12R 1/58 |
· · · | Streptomyces olivaceus [3]

|  | C12R 1/585 |
· · · | Streptomyces platensis [3]

|  | C12R 1/59 |
· · · | Streptomyces rimosus [3]

|  | C12R 1/60 |
· · · | Streptomyces sparsogenes [3]

|  | C12R 1/61 |
· · · | Streptomyces venezuelae [3]

|  | C12R 1/62 |
· · | Streptosporangium [3]

|  | C12R 1/625 |
· · | Streptoverticillium [3]

|  | C12R 1/63 |
· · | Vibrio [3]

|  | C12R 1/64 |
· · | Xanthomonas [3]

|  | C12R 1/645 |
· | using fungi [3]

|  | C12R 1/65 |
· · | Absidia [3]

|  | C12R 1/66 |
· · | Aspergillus [3]

|  | C12R 1/665 |
· · · | Aspergillus awamori [3]

|  | C12R 1/67 |
· · · | Aspergillus flavus [3]

|  | C12R 1/68 |
· · · | Aspergillus fumigatus [3]

|  | C12R 1/685 |
· · · | Aspergillus niger [3]

|  | C12R 1/69 |
· · · | Aspergillus oryzae [3]

|  | C12R 1/70 |
· · · | Aspergillus ustus [3]

|  | C12R 1/71 |
· · · | Aspergillus wentii [3]

|  | C12R 1/72 |
· · | Candida [3]

|  | C12R 1/725 |
· · · | Candida albicans [3]

|  | C12R 1/73 |
· · · | Candida lipolytica [3]

|  | C12R 1/74 |
· · · | Candida tropicalis [3]

|  | C12R 1/745 |
· · | Cephalosporium [3]

|  | C12R 1/75 |
· · · | Cephalosporium acremonium [3]

|  | C12R 1/76 |
· · · | Cephalosporium coerulescens [3]

|  | C12R 1/765 |
· · · | Cephalosporium crotocinigenum [3]

|  | C12R 1/77 |
· · | Fusarium [3]

|  | C12R 1/78 |
· · | Hansenula [3]

|  | C12R 1/785 |
· · | Mucor [3]

|  | C12R 1/79 |
· · | Paecilomyces [3]

|  | C12R 1/80 |
· · | Penicillium [3]

|  | C12R 1/81 |
· · · | Penicillium brevi [3]

|  | C12R 1/82 |
· · · | Penicillium chrysogenum [3]

|  | C12R 1/825 |
· · · | Penicillium notatum [3]

|  | C12R 1/83 |
· · · | Penicillium patulum [3]

|  | C12R 1/84 |
· · | Pichia [3]

|  | C12R 1/845 |
· · | Rhizopus [3]

|  | C12R 1/85 |
· · | Saccharomyces [3]

|  | C12R 1/86 |
· · · | Saccharomyces carlsbergensis [3]

|  | C12R 1/865 |
· · · | Saccharomyces cerevisiae [3]

|  | C12R 1/87 |
· · · | Saccharomyces lactis [3]

|  | C12R 1/88 |
· · | Torulopsis [3]

|  | C12R 1/885 |
· · | Trichoderma [3]

|  | C12R 1/89 |
· | using algae [3]

|  | C12R 1/90 |
· | using protozoa [3]

|  | C12R 1/91 |
· | using viruses or cell lines [3]