|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

PRINTING

|  | B41 |
PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS

|  | B41B |
MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRONIC COMPOSING DEVICES (photographic devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03)

|  | B41C |
PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES (photomechanical processes for producing printing surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F; photoelectrical processes for producing printing surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G)

|  | B41D |
APPARATUS FOR THE MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES FOR STEREOTYPE PRINTING; SHAPING ELASTIC OR DEFORMABLE MATERIAL TO FORM PRINTING SURFACES (engraving by spark erosion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; type, machines, or accessories for making, setting, or distributing type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41B; processes for the manufacture or reproduction of printing surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41C; machines or apparatus for engraving in general, or for embossing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44B 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44B 5/00; chemical etching of metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F 1/00, electrolytic etching Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25F 3/00; photomechanical reproduction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F)

|  | B41F |
PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES (shoe making machines incorporating printing or embossing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A43D, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A43D 8/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A43D 95/14; presses in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B; making of printing surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41D; manifolding devices, office printing machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L; stencilling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L; methods of printing not dependent on the use of special machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41M; thermography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41M 5/26; embossing decorations or marks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44B 5/00; applying transfers or decalcomanias Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44C 1/16; handling thin or filamentary material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H; electrography, electrophotography, magnetography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G)

|  | B41G |
APPARATUS FOR BRONZE PRINTING, LINE PRINTING, OR FOR BORDERING OR EDGING SHEETS OR LIKE ARTICLES; AUXILIARY APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRINTING (perforating in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26D; production of decorations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44C; perforating in conjunction with sheet or web delivery Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 35/00; folding or unfolding thin material, e.g. sheets, webs, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 45/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 47/00)

|  | B41J |
TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME (composing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41B; printing on special surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F; laundry marking Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41K; recognition or presentation of data, marking record carriers in digital fashion, e.g. by punching, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; franking or ticket-printing and issuing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07B; receivers or transmitters for transmission of digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L; printing characters point-by-point by signals derived from point-by-point analysis of original characters, pictorial communication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 1/00; printing mechanisms specially adapted for apparatus, e.g. cash registers, weighing machines, producing records of their own performances, see the relevant sub-classes)

|  | B41J |
Note(s) This sub-class includes manually controlled power-operated apparatus and apparatus of this type with additional control by input of recorded information, e.g. on punched cards or tapes. It also includes the "print-out" features of apparatus controlled by record carriers or electric signals in so far as these are of general interest, e.g. impression, inking, line-spacing mechanisms, but excludes electrical features thereof and such apparatus as a whole. In this sub-class, the term "paper" should be understood as covering also similar flexible copy materials.

|  | B41K |
STAMPS; STAMPING OR NUMBERING APPARATUS OR DEVICES (marking meat Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A22C 17/10; embossing combined with printing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F 19/00; selective printing mechanisms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41J; embossing decorations or marks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44B 5/00; marking or coding completed packages Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B 61/26; ticket printing and issuing, fare registering, non-printing aspects of franking apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07B)

|  | B41L |
APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR MANIFOLDING, DUPLICATING, OR PRINTING FOR OFFICE OR OTHER COM- MERCIAL PURPOSES; ADDRESSING MACHINES OR LIKE SERIES-PRINTING MACHINES (printing presses or machines for industrial purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F; stamps, stamping or numbering devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41K; handling sheets or webs in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | B41L |
Note(s) The term "manifolding" is to be interpreted as meaning the obtaining of several copies simultaneously by means of pressure- sensitive layers when making an original. The term "duplicating" is to be interpreted as meaning the obtaining of successive copies from a master, e.g. a hectographic image. "Stencilling" involves the use of a printing surface which is perforated to form the image, the ink flowing through the perforations on the copy material. As indicated by the references, groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 15/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41L 17/00 are intended to cover letterpress and lithographic printing apparatus only in so far as it is specially adapted for office or other commercial purposes, the general constructions or features of apparatus of these types being classified primarily in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F. Constructions or features determining classification in these groups are, for example: ease of operation by clerical staff, cleanliness of operation in non-industrial environments, the use of printing surfaces constructed for the production of a limited number of copies. Constituent parts common to manifolding by means of pressure-sensitive layers or intermediaries, to apparatus or machines for duplicating or printing for office or other commercial purposes, and to addressing machines or like series-printing machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41F.

|  | B41M |
PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING (printing textiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06P)

|  | B41N |
PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS (photosensitive materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03); MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM