H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H04
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
 H04N
PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION; TELEVISION (measuring, testing G01; systems for autographic writing, e.g. writing telegraphy, which involve following an outline G08; transferring signals by relative movement between a record track and a transducer G11B; broadcast distribution and the recording of use made thereof H04H)
 H04N

Note(s)

  1. This sub-class deals with the transmission of pictures or their transient or permanent reproduction either locally or remotely, by methods involving both the following steps:

    Step (a):
    the scanning of a picture, i.e. the analysis of the whole of a picture-containing area by resolving it into an area or a plurality of areas of which at least one of the two dimensions is elemental, simultaneously or in a sequence, and the derivation in response thereto of a picture-representative electric signal;

    Step (b):
    the reproduction of the whole of a picture-containing area by the reproduction in response to a picture-representative electric signal of an area or a plurality of areas of which at least one of the two dimensions is elemental, simultaneously or in sequence.

  2. In this sub-class, "pictorial communication systems" are those systems for the transmission and reproduction of arbitrarily composed pictures in which the local light variations composing a picture are not subject to variation with time, e.g. documents (both written and printed), maps, charts, photographs (other than cinematograph films).
  3. In this sub-class, "television systems" are those systems for the transmission and reproduction of arbitrarily composed pictures in which the local light variations composing a picture may change with time, e.g. natural "live" scenes, recordings of such scenes such as cinematograph films.
  4. This sub-class includes circuits specially designed for dealing with television or pictorial communication signals, as distinct from merely signals of a particular frequency range.
  5. This sub-class does not include the following subject matter:
    1. Circuits or other parts of systems which form the subject of other sub-classes, which are dealt with in the corresponding sub-classes, e.g. H03C, H03F, H04B, H04H.
    2. Systems in which legible alphanumeric or like character forms are analysed according to Step (a) to derive an electric signal from which the character is recognised by comparison with stored information, which are dealt with in G06K.
    3. Systems for the direct photographic copying of an original picture in which an electric signal representative of the picture is derived according to Step (a) and employed to modify the operation of the system, which are dealt with in G03.
    4. Systems for the reproduction according to Step (b) of pictures comprising alphanumeric or like character forms but involving the production of the equivalent of a signal which would be derived by Step (a), e.g. by cams, punched card or tape, coded control signal, or other means, which are dealt with in the sub-class for the application, e.g. G01D, G06F, H04L.
    5. Systems involving Step (a) or Step (b) for producing (1) engraved, indented, apertured, or otherwise formed printing surfaces, or (2) photographs specially arranged for producing such printing surfaces or for use generally in printing or duplication, which are dealt with in G03F.
    6. Systems involving Step (a) or Step (b) but otherwise specially modified for printing or duplication, which are dealt with in such sub-classes as B41M, G03C, G03F.
  6. Systems for the reproduction according to Step (b) of pictures comprising alphanumeric or like character forms and involving the generation according to Step (a) of picture-representative electric signals from a pre-arranged assembly of such characters, or records thereof, forming an integral part of the systems, are dealt with in the sub-class for the application, e.g. G06K, H04N.
 H04N 1/00
Pictorial communication, e.g. facsimile transmission
 H04N 1/02
·  System details, e.g. signal generator, signal reproducer
 H04N 1/04
·  ·  Scanning arrangements
 H04N 1/06
·  ·  ·  using cylindrical picture-bearing surfaces
 H04N 1/08
·  ·  ·  ·  Mechanisms for mounting or holding the sheet around the drum
 H04N 1/10
·  ·  ·  using flat picture-bearing surfaces
 H04N 1/12
·  ·  ·  using the sheet-feed movement as the slow scanning component
 H04N 1/14
·  ·  ·  ·  using a rotating endless belt carrying the scanning heads
 H04N 1/16
·  ·  ·  ·  using a rotating helical element
 H04N 1/17
·  ·  ·  the scanning speed being dependent on content of picture  [2]
 H04N 1/18
·  ·  ·  arranged for simultaneous transmission of separate parts of one picture
 H04N 1/20
·  ·  ·  arranged for simultaneous transmission of two or more separate pictures
 H04N 1/22
·  ·  Recording or reproducing arrangements, e.g. scanning head (recording or reproducing in general G11B)
 H04N 1/24
·  ·  ·  Details of scanning heads, e.g. electrode, marker, light-source carriage
 H04N 1/26
·  ·  ·  involving production of an intermediate record
 H04N 1/28
·  ·  ·  ·  Magnetic record
 H04N 1/30
·  ·  ·  ·  Electrostatic record
 H04N 1/31
·  ·  ·  Mechanical arrangements for picture transmission, e.g. adaptation of clutches, gearing, gear transmissions  [2]
 H04N 1/32
·  Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver
 H04N 1/34
·  ·  for coin-freed systems
 H04N 1/36
·  ·  for synchronising or phasing transmitter and receiver
 H04N 1/38
·  Circuits or arrangements for blanking or otherwise eliminating unwanted parts of pictures
 H04N 1/40
·  Picture signal circuits
 H04N 1/42
·  Systems for two-way working
 H04N 1/44
·  Secrecy systems
 H04N 1/46
·  Colour picture communication systems
 H04N 3/00
Scanning details of television systems
 H04N 3/02
·  by optical-mechanical means only (H04N 3/36 takes precedence; optical-mechanical scanning in general G02B 27/17)  [2]
 H04N 3/04
·  ·  having a moving aperture
 H04N 3/06
·  ·  having a moving lens or other refractor
 H04N 3/08
·  ·  having a moving reflector
 H04N 3/10
·  by means not exclusively optical-mechanical (H04N 3/36 takes precedence; electro-, magneto- or acousto-optical modulation or deflection of light beams G02F)  [2]
 H04N 3/12
·  ·  by switched stationary formation of lamps, photocells, or light relays
 H04N 3/14
·  ·  by means of electrically scanned solid-state devices
 H04N 3/16
·  ·  by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube (producing sawtooth waveforms H03K 4/00)
 H04N 3/18
·  ·  ·  Generation of supply voltages e.g. of e.h.t. from deflection waveforms
 H04N 3/20
·  ·  ·  Prevention of damage to cathode-ray tubes in event of failure of scanning
 H04N 3/22
·  ·  ·  Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen (control of sawtooth generators H03K 4/00)
 H04N 3/24
·  ·  ·  Blanking circuits
 H04N 3/26
·  ·  ·  Modifications of scanning arrangements to improve focusing (focusing circuits in general H01J)
 H04N 3/28
·  ·  Producing multiple scanning, i.e. using more than one spot at the same time
 H04N 3/30
·  ·  otherwise than with constant velocity or otherwise than in pattern formed by unidirectional, straight, substantially horizontal or vertical lines
 H04N 3/32
·  ·  ·  Velocity varied in dependence upon picture information
 H04N 3/34
·  ·  ·  Elemental scanning area oscillated rapidly in direction transverse to main scanning direction
 H04N 3/36
·  Scanning of motion picture films  [2]
 H04N 5/00
Details of television systems (scanning details H04N 3/00;)
 H04N 5/02
·  Conversion of standards
 H04N 5/04
·  Synchronising (in general H03B)
 H04N 5/05
·  ·  Synchronising circuits with arrangements for extending range of synchronisation, e.g. by using switching between several time constants  [2]
 H04N 5/06
·  ·  Generation of synchronising signals
 H04N 5/08
·  ·  Separation of synchronising signals from picture signals
 H04N 5/10
·  ·  ·  Separation of line synchronising signal from frame synchronising signal
 H04N 5/12
·  ·  Devices in which the synchronising signals are only operative if a phase difference occurs between synchronising and synchronised scanning devices, e.g. flywheel synchronising  [2]
 H04N 5/14
·  Picture signal circuitry, e.g. crispening, aperture distortion correction (H04N 5/22 takes precedence)  [2]
 H04N 5/16
·  ·  Circuitry for reinsertion of direct-current and slowly varying components of signal; Circuitry for preservation of black or white level
 H04N 5/18
·  ·  ·  by means of "clamp" circuit operated by switching circuit
 H04N 5/19
·  ·  Circuitry for compensating for variations in the brightness of the object
 H04N 5/193
·  ·  ·  by influencing the optical part of the camera  [2]
 H04N 5/197
·  ·  ·  by influencing the picture signal  [2]
 H04N 5/20
·  ·  Circuitry for controlling amplitude response, e.g. gamma control
 H04N 5/21
·  ·  Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré, halo
 H04N 5/22
·  Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image
 H04N 5/24
·  Studio equipment, e.g. arrangement of television cameras (studio equipment in general A63J)
 H04N 5/26
·  ·  Television cameras (optical systems G02B; tubes H01J)
 H04N 5/28
·  ·  Mobile studios
 H04N 5/30
·  Transforming light or analogous information into electric information (scanning details H04N 3/00; light-transforming elements H01J, H01L)  [2]
 H04N 5/32
·  ·  Transforming X-rays
 H04N 5/33
·  ·  Transforming infra-red radiation  [2]
 H04N 5/34
·  ·  Circuit details for pick-up tubes
 H04N 5/36
·  ·  in flying-spot scanners
 H04N 5/38
·  Transmitter circuitry (picture signal circuitry in general H04N 5/14)
 H04N 5/40
·  ·  Modulation circuits
 H04N 5/42
·  ·  for transmitting at will black-and-white or colour signals
 H04N 5/44
·  Receiver circuitry (picture signal circuitry in general H04N 5/14)
 H04N 5/46
·  ·  for receiving on more than one standard at will
 H04N 5/48
·  ·  for the picture signals
 H04N 5/50
·  ·  ·  Tuning indicators; Automatic tuning control
 H04N 5/52
·  ·  ·  Automatic gain control
 H04N 5/54
·  ·  ·  ·  for positively-modulated picture signals
 H04N 5/56
·  ·  ·  ·  for negatively-modulated picture signals
 H04N 5/58
·  ·  ·  Picture characteristics, e.g. brightness, controlled in dependence upon ambient light (H04N 5/52 takes precedence)
 H04N 5/60
·  ·  for the sound signals
 H04N 5/62
·  ·  ·  Intercarrier circuits, i.e. heterodyning sound and vision carriers
 H04N 5/64
·  Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets, dust covers (furniture aspects A47B, e.g. A47B 81/06)  [2]
 H04N 5/645
·  ·  Mounting of picture tube on chassis or in housing
 H04N 5/65
·  ·  Holding-devices for protective discs or for picture masks
 H04N 5/655
·  ·  Construction or mounting of chassis, e.g. for varying the elevation of the tube
 H04N 5/657
·  ·  Mounting of line deflection transformer  [2]
 H04N 5/66
·  Transforming electric information into light information (scanning details H04N 3/00)
 H04N 5/68
·  ·  Circuit details for cathode-ray display tubes
 H04N 5/70
·  ·  Circuit details for electroluminescent devices
 H04N 5/72
·  Modifying the appearance of television pictures by optical filters or diffusing screens (optical filters or diffusing screens per se G02B 5/00)
 H04N 5/74
·  Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor (optical systems in general G02B)
 H04N 5/76
·  Television signal recording (recording in connection with measuring G01D; information storage G11)
 H04N 5/78
·  ·  using magnetic recording
 H04N 5/785
·  ·  ·  the video signal processing taking place directly before or after the magnetic recording  [2]
 H04N 5/79
·  ·  ·  ·  Transformation of video signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation  [2]
 H04N 5/795
·  ·  ·  ·  Regeneration of the video signal or of selected parts thereof, e.g. synchronisation signal or chrominance signal processing  [2]
 H04N 5/80
·  ·  using electrostatic recording
 H04N 5/82
·  ·  ·  using deformable thermoplastic recording medium
 H04N 5/84
·  ·  using photographic recording
 H04N 5/86
·  ·  ·  with film moved continuously
 H04N 5/88
·  ·  ·  with film moved intermittently
 H04N 7/00
Television systems (H04N 9/00 takes precedence; details H04N 3/00, H04N 5/00)
 H04N 7/02
·  Monitoring, testing, or measuring
 H04N 7/04
·  Systems for the transmission of one television signal, i.e. both picture and sound, by a single carrier
 H04N 7/06
·  Systems for the simultaneous transmission of one television signal, i.e. both picture and sound, by more than one carrier
 H04N 7/08
·  Systems for the transmission of more than one television signal simultaneously or sequentially, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band
 H04N 7/10
·  Adaptations for transmission by cable (H04N 7/12 takes precedence)
 H04N 7/12
·  Systems in which the picture signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the picture signal (by special scanning H04N 3/00)
 H04N 7/14
·  Systems for two-way working
 H04N 7/16
·  Secrecy systems; Subscription systems
 H04N 7/18
·  Closed-circuit television systems, i.e. systems in which the signal is not broadcast
 H04N 9/00
Colour television; Stereoscopic television; Details thereof
 H04N 9/02
·  Colour television systems (H04N 9/60 takes precedence)
 H04N 9/04
·  ·  Picture signal generators
 H04N 9/06
( transferred to H04N 9/07 )
 H04N 9/07
·  ·  ·  with one pick-up tube supplying more than one colour signal  [2]
 H04N 9/08
( transferred to H04N 9/09 )
 H04N 9/09
·  ·  ·  with more than one pick-up tube, each supplying one colour signal  [2]
 H04N 9/10
·  ·  ·  using optical-mechanical scanning means only (H04N 9/11 takes precedence; optical-mechanical scanning in general G02B 27/17)  [2]
 H04N 9/11
·  ·  ·  Scanning of colour motion picture film  [2]
 H04N 9/12
·  ·  Picture reproducers (electro-, magneto- or acousto-optical modulation or deflection of light beams G02F)  [2]
 H04N 9/14
·  ·  ·  using optical-mechanical scanning means only (H04N 9/11 takes precedence; optical-mechanical scanning in general G02B 27/17)  [2]
 H04N 9/16
·  ·  ·  using cathode ray tubes (H04N 9/11 takes precedence; cathode-ray tubes H01J 31/00)  [2]
 H04N 9/18
·  ·  ·  ·  using separate electron beams for the primary colour signals (H04N 9/27 takes precedence)  [2]
 H04N 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with more than one beam in a tube
 H04N 9/22
·  ·  ·  ·  using the same beam for more than one primary colour information (H04N 9/27 takes precedence)  [2]
 H04N 9/24
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using means, integral with, or external to, the tube, for producing signal indicating instantaneous beam position
 H04N 9/26
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  using electron-optical colour selection means, e.g. line grid, deflection means in or near the gun or near the phosphor screen
 H04N 9/27
·  ·  ·  ·  with variable depth of penetration of electron beam into the luminescent layer, e.g. penetrons  [2]
 H04N 9/28
·  ·  ·  ·  Arrangements for convergence or focusing
 H04N 9/29
·  ·  ·  ·  using demagnetisation or compensation of external magnetic fields  [2]
 H04N 9/30
·  ·  ·  using solid-state colour display devices
 H04N 9/31
·  ·  ·  Projection devices for colour picture display  [2]
 H04N 9/32
·  ·  Transmission systems characterised by the manner in which the individual colour signals are combined
 H04N 9/34
·  ·  ·  using sequential signals (dot sequential systems H04N 9/36)
 H04N 9/36
·  ·  ·  using simultaneous signals
 H04N 9/38
·  ·  ·  ·  in which one signal, modulated in phase and amplitude, conveys colour information and a second signal conveys brightness information, e.g. N. T. S. C. system
 H04N 9/39
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  the colour signal alternating in phase, e.g. PAL system  [2]
 H04N 9/40
·  ·  ·  using simultaneous and sequential signals, e.g. S. E. C. A. M. system
 H04N 9/42
·  ·  ·  ·  in which simultaneous signals are converted into sequential signals or vice versa
 H04N 9/44
·  ·  Colour synchronisation
 H04N 9/46
·  ·  ·  using sub-carrier bursts; using carrier bursts
 H04N 9/47
·  ·  ·  Synchronisation of line-sequential switch (H04N 9/46 takes precedence)  [2]
 H04N 9/48
( transferred to H04N 9/49, H04N 9/535 )
 H04N 9/49
·  ·  Colour-killing  [2]
 H04N 9/50
·  ·  Circuits for synchronous modulators and demodulators; Circuits for matrixing
 H04N 9/52
·  ·  ·  for matrixing
 H04N 9/53
·  ·  Circuits for modifying the colour signals by gamma correction
 H04N 9/535
·  ·  Circuits for processing colour signals, e.g. for obtaining special effects, restoration of black level (H04N 9/04-H04N 9/53 take precedence)  [2]
 H04N 9/537
·  ·  ·  Amplifier circuits specially adapted for colour signals (high-frequency amplifiers in general H03F)  [2]
 H04N 9/539
·  ·  ·  Circuits for mixing of colour signals  [2]
 H04N 9/54
·  Stereoscopic television systems; Details thereof (H04N 9/60 takes precedence)
 H04N 9/56
·  ·  Picture signal generators
 H04N 9/58
·  ·  Picture reproducers
 H04N 9/60
·  Stereoscopic colour television systems
 H04N 9/62
·  Monitoring, testing, or measuring  [2]