C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY
  
CHEMISTRY
 C01
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes C21B, C22B; production of non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B)
 C02
TREATMENT WATER, WASTE WATER AND SEWAGE (distilling, filtering, separating B01)
 C03
GLASS; MINERAL AND SLAG WOOL
 C04
CEMENTS; CERAMICS, etc.; SOUND OR THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS
 C04

Note(s)

This class does not include mechanical features provided for elsewhere, g. mechanical working B28, mechanical aspects of coating, e.g. applying glazes by brushing, dipping, spraying, B44, kilns F27.

 C05
MANUFACTURE OF FERTILISERS
 C05

Note(s)

  1. An ingredient in a mixture of fertilisers, or a single fertiliser which contains more than one of the chemical elements on which the subdivision into sub-classes is based, is classified only in the first of the appropriate sub-classes. Thus, a nitrophosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate is classified in C05B but not in C05C, magnesium phosphate is classified in C05B but not in C05D, and calcium cyanamide in C05C but not in C05D.
  2. In this class it is desirable to add, in conformity with paragraph 61 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke the symbols relating to complementary information concerning individual constituents of an invention unit which is already classified as such. This complementary information concerns the indication of ingredients of a mixture of different fertilisers or of fertilisers with non-fertilisers.
 C06
EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
 C07
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulphides, and oxysulphides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid and salts thereof C01; macromolecular compounds C08; dyes C09; fermentation products C12; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B 3/00)
 C07

Note(s)

  1. Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in C07C 87/52), sodium oxalate is classified as oxalic acid (in C07C 55/06), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in C07C and not in sub-class C07F— the alcoholates in C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in C07C 39/00. Salts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified as the compound providing the essential ion with secondary classification as the compound providing the other ion.
  2. In the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is always classified in the last appropriate place in the classification system, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a sterol is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups C07C 59/25, C07C 59/26), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system.
  3. Albumens, proteins, alkaloids of unknown structure, glucosides of unknown structure are examples of compounds to be found unter C07G.
  4. Inventions dealing with chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation should be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed when such groups exist. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed when such groups exist. The compounds prepared may be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of compounds prepared.
 C08
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (production of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons D01)
 C09
DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITIONS; MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS
 C10
PETROLEUM, GAS AND COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
 C11
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES (edible oil or fat compositions A23)
 C12
FERMENTATION INDUSTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; YEAST
 C13
SUGAR OR STARCH INDUSTRY (malt C12C)
 C14
SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
  
METALLURGY
 C21
METALLURGY OF IRON
 C22
METALLURGY (of iron C21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS (production of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25)
 C23
WORKING OR TREATMENT OF METALS, OTHER THAN BY MECHANICAL MEANS; COVERING MATERIALS WITH METALS (decorating textiles by metallising D06Q 1/04); INHIBITING CORROSION OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL (treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D, C25F)
 C25
ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR (electrodialysis, electro-osmosis, separation of liquids by electricity B01D; electrolytic machining B23P; electroless, i.e. chemical, plating C23C; anodic or cathodic protection C23F; electrolytic production of single crystals B01J 17/00; electrochemical methods of analysis G01N; electrochemical measuring, indicating or recording devices G01R; electrolytic circuit elements, e.g. capacitors, H01G; electrochemical current or voltage generators H01M)  [2]
 C25

Note(s)

  1. Inventions dealing with electrolytic or electrophoretic processes and apparatus or operational features are classified (a) under the groups for the compounds or articles produced, and (b) under the groups provided for the apparatus or operational features. [2]
  2. The electrolytic or eletrophoretic purification of liquids is classified in the classes appropriate to the nature of the liquid, e.g. A01K 63/00, C02B 1/82, C02C 5/12, C25B 15/08, C25D 21/16, C25F 7/02).