C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY
  
CHEMISTRY
 C10
PETROLEUM, GAS AND COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
 C10G
CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES FROM MATERIALS OTHER THAN HYDROCARBONS, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to well-defined hydrocarbons C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
 C10G 1/00
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal (mechanical winning of oil from oil-shales, oil-sand, and the like B03B)
 C10G 1/02
·  by distillation (destructive distillation of oil-shale C10B 53/06)
 C10G 1/04
·  by extraction
 C10G 1/06
·  by destructive hydrogenation
 C10G 1/08
·  ·  with moving catalysts
 C10G 1/10
·  from rubber or rubber waste
 C10G 3/00
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids (production from non-melting solid oxygen-containing carbonaceous materials C10G 1/00; preparation of well-defined hydrocarbons C07C)
 C10G 5/00
Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
 C10G 5/02
·  with solid adsorbents
 C10G 5/04
·  with liquid absorbents
 C10G 5/06
·  by cooling or compressing
 C10G 7/00
Distillation of hydrocarbon oils (distillation in general B01D)
 C10G 7/02
·  Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning
 C10G 7/04
·  De-watering
 C10G 9/00 - 
C10G 15/00
Cracking
 C10G 9/00
Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons, e.g. hydrocarbon oils, tar oils
 C10G 9/02
·  in retorts
 C10G 9/04
·  ·  Retorts
 C10G 9/06
·  by pressure distillation
 C10G 9/08
·  ·  Apparatus therefor
 C10G 9/10
·  ·  ·  Linings
 C10G 9/12
·  ·  ·  Removing incrustations
 C10G 9/14
·  in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
 C10G 9/16
·  ·  Preventing or removing incrustations
 C10G 9/18
·  ·  Apparatus
 C10G 9/20
·  ·  ·  Tube furnaces
 C10G 9/22
·  ·  ·  ·  Linings
 C10G 9/24
·  by heating with electrical means
 C10G 9/26
·  with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run
 C10G 9/28
·  with preheated moving solid material
 C10G 9/30
·  ·  according to the "moving-bed" method
 C10G 9/32
·  ·  according to the "fluidised" technique
 C10G 9/34
·  by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
 C10G 9/36
·  ·  with heated gases or vapours
 C10G 9/38
·  ·  ·  produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon  [2]
 C10G 9/40
·  by indirect contact with preheated fluid other than hot combustion gases
 C10G 9/42
·  by passing the material to be cracked in thin streams or as spray on or near continuously heated surfaces
 C10G 9/44
·  Production of mixtures with high aromatic content
 C10G 9/46
·  Production of mixtures with high olefin content
 C10G 9/48
·  Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas
 C10G 11/00
Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils (cracking in direct contact with molten metals or salts C10G 9/34)
 C10G 11/02
·  with the use of specified catalysts
 C10G 11/04
·  ·  Oxidic catalysts
 C10G 11/06
·  ·  Sulphidic catalysts
 C10G 11/08
·  ·  Halides
 C10G 11/10
·  with stationary catalyst bed
 C10G 11/12
·  with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid catalysts, e.g. blast and run
 C10G 11/14
·  with preheated moving solid catalysts
 C10G 11/16
·  ·  according to the "moving-bed" method
 C10G 11/18
·  ·  according to the "fluidised" technique
 C10G 11/20
·  by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours
 C10G 11/22
·  ·  produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked
 C10G 11/24
·  Production of mixtures with high aromatic content
 C10G 11/26
·  Production of mixtures with high olefin content
 C10G 11/28
·  Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas
 C10G 13/00
Cracking, in the presence of hydrogen, of mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons (destructive hydrogenation of non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials C10G 1/06)
 C10G 13/02
·  with the use of specified catalysts
 C10G 13/04
·  ·  Oxidic catalysts
 C10G 13/06
·  ·  Sulphidic catalysts
 C10G 13/08
·  ·  Halides
 C10G 13/10
·  ·  containing metals of the platinum or palladium group
 C10G 13/12
·  with partial combustion of the material to be cracked
 C10G 13/14
·  with preheated moving solid materials
 C10G 13/16
·  ·  according to the "moving bed" method
 C10G 13/18
·  ·  according to the "fluidised" technique
 C10G 13/20
·  in the presence of hydrogen-producing compounds, e.g. NH3, H2S, H2O
 C10G 13/22
·  ·  with organic compounds
 C10G 13/24
·  Other methods of non-catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen
 C10G 13/26
·  Production of mixtures with high aromatic content
 C10G 13/28
·  Production of mixtures with high olefin content
 C10G 13/30
·  Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas
 C10G 15/00
Cracking mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons by electrical means, electromagnetic of mechanical vibrations, or by bombardments with subatomic particles, e.g. electrons
 C10G 15/02
·  Production of mixtures with high aromatic content
 C10G 15/04
·  Production of mixtures with high olefin content
 C10G 15/06
·  Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas
 C10G 17/00 - 
C10G 34/00
Refining
 C10G 17/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge (refining with "solid" acids C10G 29/18)
 C10G 17/02
·  with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
 C10G 17/04
·  ·  liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases
 C10G 17/06
·  ·  ·  using acids derived from sulphur or acid sludge thereof
 C10G 17/08
·  with acid-forming oxides (refining with CO2 or SO2 as a selective solvent C10G 21/06)
 C10G 17/10
·  Recovery of used refining agent
 C10G 19/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with alkalis or alkaline reacting compounds (in the presence of oxygen C10G 27/06)
 C10G 19/02
·  with aqueous alkaline solutions
 C10G 19/04
·  ·  containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers
 C10G 19/06
·  ·  with plumbites or plumbates
 C10G 19/08
·  Recovery of used refining agent
 C10G 21/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures by extraction with selective solvents (C10G 17/04, C10G 19/02 take precedence; dewaxing oils C10G 43/08)
 C10G 21/02
·  with two or more solvents, which are introduced or withdrawn separately
 C10G 21/04
·  ·  by introducing simultaneously at least two immiscible solvents counter-current to each other
 C10G 21/06
·  with the use of specific selective solvents
 C10G 21/06

Note(s)

A solvent is always classified in the last appropriate place.

 C10G 21/08
·  ·  essentially based on inorganic compounds
 C10G 21/10
·  ·  ·  sulphur dioxide
 C10G 21/12
·  ·  essentially based on organic compounds
 C10G 21/14
·  ·  ·  Hydrocarbons
 C10G 21/16
·  ·  ·  oxygen-containing compounds
 C10G 21/18
·  ·  ·  halogen-containing compounds
 C10G 21/20
·  ·  ·  nitrogen-containing compounds
 C10G 21/22
·  ·  ·  compounds containing sulphur, selenium, or tellurium
 C10G 21/24
·  ·  ·  phosphorus-containing compounds
 C10G 21/26
·  ·  ·  silicon-containing compounds
 C10G 21/28
·  Recovery of used solvent
 C10G 23/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds
 C10G 23/02
·  with the use of specified catalysts
 C10G 23/04
·  ·  containing metals of the platinum or palladium group
 C10G 23/06
·  with moving catalysts; with catalyst dispersed in the oil
 C10G 23/08
·  ·  according to the "moving bed" method
 C10G 23/10
·  ·  according to the "fluidised" technique
 C10G 23/12
·  with hydrogen-generating compounds
 C10G 23/14
·  ·  Autofining
 C10G 23/16
·  in the liquid phase, e.g. trickle technique (C10G 23/06 takes precedence)
 C10G 25/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with absorptive solids
 C10G 25/02
·  with ion-exchange material
 C10G 25/04
·  ·  with alkaline or alkaline earth aluminium silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
 C10G 25/06
·  with moving adsorbents
 C10G 25/08
·  ·  according to the "moving-bed" method
 C10G 25/10
·  in the vapour phase
 C10G 25/12
·  Recovery of used adsorbent
 C10G 27/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures by oxidation
 C10G 27/02
·  with halogen or compounds generating halogen; hypochlorous acid or salts thereof
 C10G 27/04
·  with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
 C10G 27/06
·  ·  in the presence of alkaline solutions
 C10G 27/08
·  ·  in the presence of copper chloride
 C10G 29/00
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with other chemicals with or without catalytic action
 C10G 29/02
·  with non-metals
 C10G 29/04
·  with metals with or without carriers
 C10G 29/06
·  with metal salts with or without carrier (C10G 29/12 takes precedence)
 C10G 29/08
·  ·  containing the metal in the lower valency
 C10G 29/10
·  ·  metal sulphides
 C10G 29/12
·  with halides
 C10G 29/14
·  with acid salts
 C10G 29/16
·  with metal oxides
 C10G 29/18
·  with "solid" acids, e.g. phosphoric acid deposited on a carrier
 C10G 29/20
·  with organic compounds not containing metal
 C10G 29/22
·  ·  containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
 C10G 29/24
·  ·  ·  aldehydes or ketones
 C10G 29/26
·  ·  halogenated hydrocarbons
 C10G 29/28
·  ·  containing carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur with or without oxygen, e.g. mercaptans
 C10G 31/00
Other methods of refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures (by distillation C10G 7/00; by dewatering or deemulsification C10G 33/00)
 C10G 31/02
·  with electrical or magnetic means
 C10G 31/04
·  by irradiation or bombardments with subatomic particles
 C10G 31/06
·  by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
 C10G 31/08
·  by treating with water
 C10G 31/10
·  with the aid of centrifugal force
 C10G 31/12
·  using micro-organism
 C10G 31/14
( transferred to C10G 34/00 )
 C10G 33/00
De-watering or deemulsification of oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures (by distillation C10G 7/04)
 C10G 33/02
·  with electrical or magnetic means
 C10G 33/04
·  with chemical means
 C10G 33/06
·  with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration
 C10G 34/00
Multi-step processes for refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures (individual processes, see groups C10G 17/00-C10G 33/06)  [2]
 C10G 35/00
Reforming naphtha
 C10G 35/02
·  Thermal reforming
 C10G 35/04
·  Catalytic reforming
 C10G 35/06
·  ·  with the use of specified catalysts
 C10G 35/08
·  ·  ·  with platinum, palladium, silver, or gold
 C10G 35/10
·  ·  with moving catalysts
 C10G 35/12
·  ·  ·  according to the "moving-bed" method
 C10G 35/14
·  ·  ·  according to the "fluidised" technique
 C10G 35/16
·  with electric, electromagnetic, or mechanical vibrations; by bombardments with subatomic particles
 C10G 35/18
·  combined with refining
 C10G 35/20
·  ·  with solvent extraction
 C10G 37/00
Preparation of liquid hydrocarbons in multi-step processes in which at least one step consists of cracking
 C10G 37/02
·  consisting only of cracking steps
 C10G 37/04
·  ·  combined catalytic and non-catalytic steps
 C10G 37/06
·  cracking combined with other hydrocarbon conversion processes
 C10G 37/08
·  ·  combined with polymerisation
 C10G 37/10
·  ·  combined with reforming
 C10G 39/00
Preparation of liquid hydrocarbons in multi-step conversion processes in which at least one step consists of reforming (cracking combined with reforming C10G 37/10)
 C10G 41/00
Preparation of mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils for lubricating purposes by methods not otherwise provided for
 C10G 41/02
·  thickening by voltolising (chemical modification of drying oils by voltolising C09F 7/04)
 C10G 43/00
Recovery of refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax (compositions essentially based on waxes C08L 91/00)
 C10G 43/02
·  of petroleum waxes
 C10G 43/04
·  ·  Recovery from hydrocarbon oils
 C10G 43/06
·  ·  ·  with the use of filter aids
 C10G 43/08
·  ·  ·  with the use of solvents
 C10G 43/08

Note(s)

A solvent is always classified in the last appropriate place.

 C10G 43/10
·  ·  ·  ·  essentially based on organic compounds
 C10G 43/12
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  on hydrocarbons
 C10G 43/14
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  on oxygen-containing compounds
 C10G 43/16
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  on halogen-containing compounds
 C10G 43/18
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  on nitrogen-containing compounds
 C10G 43/20
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  on compounds containing sulphur, selenium, or tellurium
 C10G 43/22
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  on phosphorus-containing compounds