|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS

SEPARATING AND MIXING

|  | B01 |
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | B01J |
CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS (processes or apparatus for specific applications, see the relevant classes for these processes or apparatus)

|  | B01J |
Note(s) The term "solid particles" is to be read as covering such particles whether catalysts, "Fluidised particles" are to be understood as finely divided solid particles lifted and agitated by a stream of fluid. "Fluidised-bed technique" relates to fluid-solid contacting technique in which finely divided particles are lifted and agitated by a rising stream of fluid, said stream having such a speed as to form a lower dense phase (the "bed") and an upper dilute fluidised phase of "fluidised particles".

|  | B01J 1/00 |
Chemical, physical, or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus

|  | B01J 1/04 |
· | Application of ion-exchange processes (separating processes involving treatment of liquids with ion-exchange materials as adsorbents Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/04; separation of isotopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/30; zeolites Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B 33/28)

|  | B01J 1/06 |
· · | Ion-exchange apparatus

|  | B01J 1/08 |
· · | employing synthetic resinous exchange material

|  | B01J 1/09 |
· · | Regeneration of ion exchange material [2]

|  | B01J 1/10 |
· | Irradiation

|  | B01J 1/12 |
· | Treatment with ultrasonic vibrations (cleaning by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 3/12)

|  | B01J 1/14 |
· | Gas reactions

|  | B01J 1/16 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09K 15/00 )

|  | B01J 1/18 |
· | Preservation, e.g. preventing evaporation or oxidation, of non-metallic liquids by applying a floating layer, e.g. of micro-balloons

|  | B01J 1/20 |
· | Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties (refractory details of furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D)

|  | B01J 1/22 |
· | Absorption; Adsorption (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 1/24 takes precedence)

|  | B01J 1/24 |
· | Solidifying liquids (making micro-capsules Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 13/02)

|  | B01J 2/00 |
Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers, in general (granulating metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; granulating macromolecular substances or compositions containing them Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08J 3/12)

|  | B01J 2/02 |
· | by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops

|  | B01J 2/04 |
· · | in a gaseous medium

|  | B01J 2/06 |
· · | in a liquid medium

|  | B01J 2/08 |
· · · | gelation of a colloidal solution

|  | B01J 2/10 |
· | in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances

|  | B01J 2/12 |
· | in rotating drums

|  | B01J 2/14 |
· | in rotating dishes or pans

|  | B01J 2/16 |
· | by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain

|  | B01J 2/18 |
· | using a vibrating apparatus

|  | B01J 2/20 |
· | by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length

|  | B01J 2/22 |
· | by pressing in moulds or between rollers

|  | B01J 2/24 |
· | Obtaining flakes by scraping a solid layer from a surface

|  | B01J 2/26 |
· | on endless conveyor belts

|  | B01J 2/28 |
· | using special binding agents

|  | B01J 2/30 |
· | using agents to prevent the granules sticking together

|  | B01J 3/00 |
Pressure vessels; Vacuum vessels; Processes or apparatus using ultra high pressure to effect modification of substances (pressure vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquified or solidified gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17C)

|  | B01J 3/02 |
· | Feed or outlet devices therefor

|  | B01J 3/04 |
· | Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves [2]

|  | B01J 3/06 |
· | Processes using ultra high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds, dies (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/04 takes precedence; presses in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B30B) [2]

|  | B01J 4/00 |
Feed devices; Feed and outlet regulating devices (feed or outlet devices for pressure vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 3/02)

|  | B01J 4/02 |
· | for feeding measured quantities of reagents

|  | B01J 6/00 |
Calcining; Fusing

|  | B01J 7/00 |
Apparatus for generating gases

|  | B01J 7/02 |
· | by wet methods

|  | B01J 8/00 |
Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes (processes or devices for granulating material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 2/00; furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B) [2]

|  | B01J 8/02 |
· | with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds [2]

|  | B01J 8/04 |
· · | the fluid passing successively through two or more beds [2]

|  | B01J 8/06 |
· · | in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes [2]

|  | B01J 8/08 |
· | with moving particles (with fluidised particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/18) [2]

|  | B01J 8/10 |
· · | moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles [2]

|  | B01J 8/12 |
· · | moved by gravity in a downward flow [2]

|  | B01J 8/14 |
· · | moving in free vortex flow apparatus (free vortex flow apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04C) [2]

|  | B01J 8/16 |
· | with particles being subjected to vibrations or pulsations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/40 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01J 8/18 |
· | with fluidised particles [2]

|  | B01J 8/20 |
· · | with liquid as a fluidising medium [2]

|  | B01J 8/22 |
· · · | gas being introduced into the liquid [2]

|  | B01J 8/24 |
· · | according to "fluidised-bed" technique (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/20 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01J 8/26 |
· · · | with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations [2]

|  | B01J 8/28 |
· · · · | the one above the other [2]

|  | B01J 8/30 |
· · · · · | the edge of a lower bed projecting beyond the edge of the superjacent bed [2]

|  | B01J 8/32 |
· · · | with introduction into the fluidised bed of more than one kind of moving particles [2]

|  | B01J 8/34 |
· · · | with stationary packing material in the fluidised bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles [2]

|  | B01J 8/36 |
· · · | with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles [2]

|  | B01J 8/38 |
· · · | with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation [2]

|  | B01J 8/40 |
· · · | with fluidised bed subjected to vibrations or pulsations [2]

|  | B01J 8/42 |
· · · | with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations [2]

|  | B01J 8/44 |
· · · | Fluidisation grids [2]

|  | B01J 8/46 |
· · · | for treatment of endless filamentary, band or sheet material [2]

|  | B01J 9/00 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 8/00 )

|  | B01J 10/00 |
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles (separation, e.g. distillation, also combined with chemical reactions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D) [2]

|  | B01J 11/00 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/00-B01J 37/00 )

|  | B01J 13/00 |
Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, so far as not included elsewhere; Making micro-capsules or micro-balloons

|  | B01J 13/02 |
· | Making micro-capsules or micro-balloons

|  | B01J 17/00 |
Single crystals; Semiconductor materials with small controlled amounts of added "impurities"; Processes for the production of such crystals or of materials which contain small controlled amounts of added "impurities" (shapes or constructions of crystals for particular purposes, see the appropriate sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01S, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03H, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | B01J 17/02 |
· | Crystallisation with or without the addition of small controlled quantities of substances to the crystals (crystallisation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 9/00)

|  | B01J 17/04 |
· · | Crystallisation from solutions

|  | B01J 17/06 |
· · | Crystallisation from the liquid state (from solutions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 17/04)

|  | B01J 17/08 |
· · · | Zone melting

|  | B01J 17/10 |
· · · · | without a crucible

|  | B01J 17/12 |
· · · · · | in which the material in each molten zone is only partially melted

|  | B01J 17/14 |
· · · · | with a solvent

|  | B01J 17/16 |
· · · · | continuous

|  | B01J 17/18 |
· · · | Pulling crystals from a melt

|  | B01J 17/20 |
· · · | Growing on to a seed crystal which remains in the melt

|  | B01J 17/22 |
· · · | in which the material to be crystallised is supplied in the particle form or as a vapour or a gaseous compound

|  | B01J 17/24 |
· · · · | Supplying the material as solid or liquid, e.g. the Vernauil method

|  | B01J 17/26 |
· · · · | Supplying gaseous compounds which react or decompose to form the material to be crystallised

|  | B01J 17/28 |
· · | directly from the vapour phase (sublimation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 7/00; apparatus for gas plating with metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C 11/00; apparatus for vacuum deposition of thin films of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C 13/00-C23C 15/00)

|  | B01J 17/30 |
· · · | by condensing vapours of the material to be crystallised

|  | B01J 17/32 |
· · · | combined with a chemical reaction, e.g. decomposition

|  | B01J 17/34 |
· | Diffusion processes

|  | B01J 17/36 |
· | Doped materials

|  | B01J 17/38 |
· · | Doped germanium

|  | B01J 17/40 |
· · | Doped silicon

|  | B01J 21/00 - B01J 37/00 |
Catalysts

|  | B01J 21/00 - B01J 37/00 |
Note(s) In the absence of an indication to the contrary, a catalyst is classified in the last appropriate place. The same rule applies for the preparation or the treatment of catalysts. Pure compounds or elements, or their recovery from catalysts, are classified in the appropriate sub-class for chemical compounds or elements. However, when it is explicitly stated that the pure compound or element, in a particular form, is especially useful as a catalyst, a further classification in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 35/00 is necessary. Inventions dealing with the preparation, regeneration or form of catalysts according to more than one of main group are classified in the general group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 35/00 for such forms or in the general group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 37/00 for such methods. Metal salts having an anion composed of metal and oxygen only, e.g. molybdates, are considered as chemically bound mixtures of the component metal oxides. The term "catalyst" is to be understood as covering also a carrier forming part of the catalyst. Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of Section C.

|  | B01J 21/00 |
Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium [2]

|  | B01J 21/02 |
· | Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof [2]

|  | B01J 21/04 |
· · | Alumina [2]

|  | B01J 21/06 |
· | Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof [2]

|  | B01J 21/08 |
· · | Silica [2]

|  | B01J 21/10 |
· | Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof [2]

|  | B01J 21/12 |
· | Silica and alumina [2]

|  | B01J 21/14 |
· | Silica and magnesia [2]

|  | B01J 21/16 |
· | Clays or other mineral silicates [2]

|  | B01J 21/18 |
· | Carbon [2]

|  | B01J 21/20 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 23/00 |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/00 (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 21/16 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B01J 23/02 |
· | of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium [2]

|  | B01J 23/04 |
· · | Alkali metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/06 |
· | of zinc, cadmium or mercury [2]

|  | B01J 23/08 |
· | of gallium, indium or thallium [2]

|  | B01J 23/10 |
· | of rare earths [2]

|  | B01J 23/12 |
· | of actinides [2]

|  | B01J 23/14 |
· | of germanium, tin or lead [2]

|  | B01J 23/16 |
· | of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/18 |
· · | Arsenic, antimony or bismuth [2]

|  | B01J 23/20 |
· · | Vanadium, niobium or tantalum [2]

|  | B01J 23/22 |
· · · | Vanadium [2]

|  | B01J 23/24 |
· · | Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten [2]

|  | B01J 23/26 |
· · · | Chromium [2]

|  | B01J 23/28 |
· · · | Molybdenum [2]

|  | B01J 23/30 |
· · · | Tungsten [2]

|  | B01J 23/32 |
· · | Manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/34 |
· · · | Manganese [2]

|  | B01J 23/36 |
· · · | Rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/38 |
· | of noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/40 |
· · | of the platinum group metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/42 |
· · · | Platinum [2]

|  | B01J 23/44 |
· · · | Palladium [2]

|  | B01J 23/46 |
· · · | Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium [2]

|  | B01J 23/48 |
· · | Silver or gold [2]

|  | B01J 23/50 |
· · · | Silver [2]

|  | B01J 23/52 |
· · · | Gold [2]

|  | B01J 23/54 |
· · | combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 23/02-B01J 23/36 [2]

|  | B01J 23/56 |
· · · | Platinum group metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/58 |
· · · · | with alkali- or alkaline earth metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/60 |
· · · · | with zinc, cadmium or mercury [2]

|  | B01J 23/62 |
· · · · | with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead [2]

|  | B01J 23/64 |
· · · · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/66 |
· · · | Silver or gold [2]

|  | B01J 23/68 |
· · · · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/70 |
· | of the iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 23/72 |
· · | Copper [2]

|  | B01J 23/74 |
· · | Iron group metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/76 |
· · | combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 23/02-B01J 23/36 [2]

|  | B01J 23/78 |
· · · | with alkali- or alkaline earth metals [2]

|  | B01J 23/80 |
· · · | with zinc, cadmium or mercury [2]

|  | B01J 23/82 |
· · · | with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead [2]

|  | B01J 23/84 |
· · · | with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 23/86 |
· · · · | Chromium [2]

|  | B01J 23/88 |
· · · · | Molybdenum [2]

|  | B01J 23/90 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 23/92 |
· · | of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 23/02-B01J 23/36 [2]

|  | B01J 23/94 |
· · | of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 23/96 |
· · | of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 25/00 |
Catalysts of the Raney-type [2]

|  | B01J 25/02 |
· | Raney nickel [2]

|  | B01J 25/04 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 27/00 |
Catalysts comprising compounds of halogens, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, carbon or nitrogen [2]

|  | B01J 27/00 |
Note(s) Metal or metal oxide catalysts partially halogenated, sulphided, phosphorised or carbonated are classified in the appropriate groups for metal or metal oxide.

|  | B01J 27/02 |
· | Sulphur, selenium or tellurium compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/04 |
· · | Sulphides [2]

|  | B01J 27/06 |
· | Halogen compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/08 |
· · | Halides [2]

|  | B01J 27/10 |
· · · | Chlorides [2]

|  | B01J 27/12 |
· · · | Fluorides [2]

|  | B01J 27/14 |
· | Phosphorus compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/16 |
· · | containing oxygen [2]

|  | B01J 27/18 |
· · · | with metals [2]

|  | B01J 27/20 |
· | Carbon compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/22 |
· · | Carbides [2]

|  | B01J 27/24 |
· | Nitrogen compounds [2]

|  | B01J 27/26 |
· · | Cyanides [2]

|  | B01J 27/28 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 27/30 |
· · | of catalysts comprising of sulphur, selenium or tellurium [2]

|  | B01J 27/32 |
· · | of catalysts comprising compounds of halogens [2]

|  | B01J 29/00 |
Catalysts comprising molecular sieves [2]

|  | B01J 29/02 |
· | Synthetic non-zeolitic molecular sieves [2]

|  | B01J 29/04 |
· | Zeolitic molecular sieves [2]

|  | B01J 29/06 |
· · | Alumino-silicates [2]

|  | B01J 29/08 |
· · · | of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y [2]

|  | B01J 29/10 |
· · · · | containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/12 |
· · · · · | Noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 29/14 |
· · · · · | Iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/16 |
· · · · | containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 29/18 |
· · · | of the mordenite type [2]

|  | B01J 29/20 |
· · · · | containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/22 |
· · · · · | Noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 29/24 |
· · · · · | Iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/26 |
· · · · | containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 29/28 |
· · · | Alumino-silicates not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 29/08-B01J 29/26 [2]

|  | B01J 29/30 |
· · · · | containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/32 |
· · · · · | Noble metals [2]

|  | B01J 29/34 |
· · · · · | Iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 29/36 |
· · · · | containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 29/38 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 31/00 |
Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds (catalyst compositions used only in polymerisation reactions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08) [2]

|  | B01J 31/00 |
Note(s) The presence of water is disregarded for classification purposes.

|  | B01J 31/02 |
· | containing organic compounds or metal hydrides [2]

|  | B01J 31/04 |
· · | containing carboxylic acids or their salts [2]

|  | B01J 31/06 |
· · | containing polymers [2]

|  | B01J 31/08 |
· · · | Ion-exchange resins [2]

|  | B01J 31/10 |
· · · · | sulphonated [2]

|  | B01J 31/12 |
· · | containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides [2]

|  | B01J 31/14 |
· · · | of aluminium or boron [2]

|  | B01J 31/16 |
· | containing coordination complexes [2]

|  | B01J 31/18 |
· · | containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony [2]

|  | B01J 31/20 |
· · | Carbonyls [2]

|  | B01J 31/22 |
· · | Organic complexes [2]

|  | B01J 31/24 |
· · | Phosphines [2]

|  | B01J 31/26 |
· | containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 31/02-B01J 31/24 [2]

|  | B01J 31/28 |
· · | of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper [2]

|  | B01J 31/30 |
· · · | Halides [2]

|  | B01J 31/32 |
· · | of manganese, technetium or rhenium [2]

|  | B01J 31/34 |
· · | of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten [2]

|  | B01J 31/36 |
· · | of vanadium, niobium or tantalum [2]

|  | B01J 31/38 |
· · | of titanium, zirconium or hafnium [2]

|  | B01J 31/40 |
· | Regeneration or reactivation [2]

|  | B01J 33/00 |
Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating [2]

|  | B01J 35/00 |
Catalysts characterised by their form or physical properties (catalysts of the Raney-type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 25/00) [2]

|  | B01J 35/02 |
· | Solids [2]

|  | B01J 35/04 |
· · | Foraminous structures, sieves, grids, honeycombs [2]

|  | B01J 35/06 |
· · | Fabrics or filaments [2]

|  | B01J 35/08 |
· · | Spheres [2]

|  | B01J 35/10 |
· · | characterised by their surface properties or porosity [2]

|  | B01J 35/12 |
· | Liquids or melts [2]

|  | B01J 37/00 |
General processes for preparing catalysts [2]

|  | B01J 37/02 |
· | Impregnation, coating or precipitation (protecting by coating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 33/00) [2]

|  | B01J 37/04 |
· | Mixing [2]

|  | B01J 37/06 |
· | Washing [2]

|  | B01J 37/08 |
· | Heat treatment [2]

|  | B01J 37/10 |
· · | in the presence of water, e.g. steam [2]

|  | B01J 37/12 |
· | Oxidising [2]

|  | B01J 37/14 |
· · | with gases containing free oxygen [2]

|  | B01J 37/16 |
· | Reducing [2]

|  | B01J 37/18 |
· · | with gases containing free hydrogen [2]

|  | B01J 37/20 |
· | Sulphiding [2]

|  | B01J 37/22 |
· | Halogenating [2]

|  | B01J 37/24 |
· · | Chlorinating [2]

|  | B01J 37/26 |
· · | Fluorinating [2]

|  | B01J 37/28 |
· | Phosphorising [2]

|  | B01J 37/30 |
· | Ion-exchange [2]

|  | B01J 37/32 |
· | Freeze drying, i.e. lyophilisation [2]

|  | B01J 37/34 |
· | Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves [2]

|  | B01J 37/36 |
· | Biochemical methods [2]