|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

ENGINEERING IN GENERAL

|  | F16 |
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS

|  | F16L |
PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES OR CABLES; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL (pipe systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F17D)

|  | F16L |
Note(s) In this sub-class, the word "pipes" is understood to include all pipes and tubes not specially adapted to purposes other than that of conveying fluids, materials, or objects. A pipe may or may not be flexible; if flexibility is essential the word "hose" is used.

|  | F16L 1/00 |
Laying or reclaiming pipes (making special pipe joints, see the relevant groups for the joints; soldering or welding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; lifting-gear and load-engaging elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B66; hydraulic installations, soil drainage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02B; excavations or underwater constructions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D; conduits made of concrete in situ Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02D 29/10; machines for digging trenches in combination with pipe-assembly Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E02F; laying sewer pipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03F 3/06; tunnelling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01G; laying electric cables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02G) [2]

|  | F16L 1/02 |
· | laying pipes in the ground (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 1/04 takes precedence) [2]

|  | F16L 1/04 |
· | Laying pipes under water [2]

|  | F16L 3/00 - F16L 7/00 |
Supporting

|  | F16L 3/00 |
Hangers or supports for pipes or cables (bridges for supporting pipe-lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E01D 17/00; pipe or rod clamps for scaffolding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04G 7/00; staples or hooks having a part for entering a wall or other support Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16B 45/00)

|  | F16L 3/02 |
· | partly surrounding the pipe

|  | F16L 3/04 |
· · | pressing the pipe against a wall or other support

|  | F16L 3/06 |
· · | with supports for wires

|  | F16L 3/08 |
· | Brackets substantially surrounding the pipe

|  | F16L 3/10 |
· · | Divided brackets, i.e. with two members engaging the pipe

|  | F16L 3/12 |
· · | comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe

|  | F16L 3/14 |
· | Hangers in the form of bands or chains

|  | F16L 3/16 |
· | with special provision allowing movement of the pipe (for pipes supported in outer sleeve Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 7/00)

|  | F16L 3/18 |
· · | allowing movement in axial direction

|  | F16L 3/20 |
· · | allowing movement in transverse direction; Spring-systems therefor

|  | F16L 3/22 |
· | specially adapted to supporting a number of parallel pipes

|  | F16L 3/24 |
· | with special member for attachment to profiled girders

|  | F16L 5/00 |
Devices for use where pipes pass through walls or partitions

|  | F16L 5/02 |
· | sealing the pipe in the wall or partition

|  | F16L 7/00 |
Supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves, e.g. for enabling pipes or cables to be inserted or withdrawn from under roads or railways without interruption of traffic

|  | F16L 9/00 - F16L 11/00 |
Pipes

|  | F16L 9/00 |
Rigid pipes

|  | F16L 9/02 |
· | of metal (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 9/16-F16L 9/22 take precedence; finned pipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F)

|  | F16L 9/04 |
· · | Reinforced pipes

|  | F16L 9/06 |
· · | Corrugated pipes

|  | F16L 9/08 |
· | of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 9/16-F16L 9/22 take precedence)

|  | F16L 9/10 |
· | of glass or ceramics, e.g. clay, clay tile, porcelain (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 9/16-F16L 9/22 take precedence)

|  | F16L 9/12 |
· | of plastics with or without reinforcement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 9/16-F16L 9/22 take precedence)

|  | F16L 9/14 |
· | Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 9/16-F16L 9/22 take precedence)

|  | F16L 9/16 |
· | wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement

|  | F16L 9/18 |
· | Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies (joints therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 39/00)

|  | F16L 9/20 |
· · | Pipe assemblies

|  | F16L 9/22 |
· | Pipes composed of a plurality of segments

|  | F16L 11/00 |
Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes (suction-cleaner hoses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47L 9/24)

|  | F16L 11/02 |
· | made of fibres or threads, e.g. of textile

|  | F16L 11/04 |
· | made of rubber or flexible plastics

|  | F16L 11/06 |
· · | with homogeneous wall (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 11/11 takes precedence) [2]

|  | F16L 11/08 |
· · | with reinforcements embedded in the wall (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 11/11 takes precedence) [2]

|  | F16L 11/10 |
· · | with reinforcements not embedded in the wall (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 11/11 takes precedence) [2]

|  | F16L 11/11 |
· · | with corrugated wall [2]

|  | F16L 11/12 |
· · | with arrangements for special purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 11/11 takes precedence) [2]

|  | F16L 11/14 |
· | made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics

|  | F16L 11/16 |
· · | wound from profiled strips or bands

|  | F16L 11/18 |
· · | Articulated hoses, e.g. composed of a series of rings

|  | F16L 13/00 - F16L 49/00 |
Pipe joints; Hose nipples (special adaptations of pipe joints for use with water-closet bowls Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03D 11/13)

|  | F16L 13/00 |
Non-disconnectible pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints (joints for rigid pipes of plastics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 47/00)

|  | F16L 13/02 |
· | Welded joints

|  | F16L 13/04 |
· · | with arrangements preventing overstressing

|  | F16L 13/06 |
· · · | with tension-relief of the weld by means of detachable members, e.g. divided tensioning rings, bolts in flanges

|  | F16L 13/08 |
· | Soldered joints

|  | F16L 13/10 |
· | Adhesive or cemented joints

|  | F16L 13/11 |
· · | using materials which fill the space between parts of a joint before hardening [2]

|  | F16L 13/12 |
· | with a seal made of lead, caulked packing, or the like

|  | F16L 13/14 |
· | made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling

|  | F16L 15/00 |
Screw-threaded joints (joints sealed primarily by means other than engagement of screw-threads, see the relevant groups characterised by the sealing arrangements; casing joints used in deep-drilling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 17/08); Forms of screw-threads for such joints

|  | F16L 15/02 |
· | allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment by the use of a long screw-threaded part

|  | F16L 15/04 |
· | with additional sealings [2]

|  | F16L 17/00 |
Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure (compensating devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 51/00; sealings tightened by external pressure, inflatable packings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J 15/00)

|  | F16L 17/02 |
· | with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket

|  | F16L 17/03 |
· · | having annular axial lips [2]

|  | F16L 17/04 |
· · | with longitudinally split or divided sleeve

|  | F16L 17/06 |
· | with sealing rings arranged between the end surfaces of the pipes or flanges or arranged in recesses in the pipe ends or flanges

|  | F16L 19/00 |
Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on or into one of the joint parts (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 17/00 takes precedence; if using bolts or equivalent connecting means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 23/00)

|  | F16L 19/02 |
· | Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member

|  | F16L 19/03 |
· · | with flexible sealing rings between the sealing surfaces [2]

|  | F16L 19/04 |
· | using additional rigid rings, sealing directly on at least one pipe end, which is flared either before or during the making of the connection

|  | F16L 19/06 |
· | in which radial clamping is obtained by wedging action on non-deformed pipe ends

|  | F16L 19/07 |
· · | adapted for use in socket or sleeve connections [2]

|  | F16L 19/08 |
· | with metal rings which bite into the wall of the pipe

|  | F16L 21/00 |
Joints with sleeve or socket (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 19/00 take precedence)

|  | F16L 21/02 |
· | with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 21/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 21/08 take precedence; if adjustability is essential Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 27/00)

|  | F16L 21/04 |
· · | in which sealing rings are compressed by axially-movable members

|  | F16L 21/06 |
· | with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe ends (flanged joints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 23/00; couplings of the quick-acting type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/00)

|  | F16L 21/08 |
· | with additional locking means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 21/06 takes precedence; couplings of the quick-acting type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/00)

|  | F16L 23/00 |
Flanged joints (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 19/00 take precedence; adjustable joints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 27/00; couplings of the quick-acting type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/00)

|  | F16L 23/02 |
· | the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially [2]

|  | F16L 23/04 |
· | the flanges being connected by members tensioned in the radial plane [2]

|  | F16L 25/00 |
Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 13/00-F16L 23/00 (adjustable joints Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 27/00; couplings of the quick-acting type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/00; specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 47/00)

|  | F16L 25/02 |
· | Electrically insulating joints or couplings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 47/00 takes precedence; insulating bodies in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01B) [2]

|  | F16L 27/00 |
Adjustable joints; Joints allowing movement (for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 39/04)

|  | F16L 27/02 |
· | Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction

|  | F16L 27/04 |
· · | with partly-spherical engaging surfaces

|  | F16L 27/06 |
· · · | with special sealing means between the engaging surfaces

|  | F16L 27/08 |
· | allowing adjustment or movement only about the axis of one pipe

|  | F16L 27/10 |
· | comprising a flexible connection only

|  | F16L 27/12 |
· | allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment or movement (by use of screw-thread Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 15/02)

|  | F16L 29/00 |
Joints with fluid cut-off means (quick-acting joints with cut-off means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/28)

|  | F16L 31/00 |
Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 33/00 takes precedence)

|  | F16L 33/00 |
Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members (hand tools for inserting fittings into hoses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25B 27/10); Rigid hose-connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses

|  | F16L 33/01 |
· | adapted for hoses having a multi-layer wall [2]

|  | F16L 33/02 |
· | Hose-clips

|  | F16L 33/04 |
· · | tightened by tangentially-arranged threaded pin and nut

|  | F16L 33/06 |
· · · | in which the threaded pin is rigid with the hose-encircling member

|  | F16L 33/08 |
· · | in which a worm coacts with a part of the hose-encircling member that is toothed like a worm-wheel

|  | F16L 33/10 |
· · | with a substantially-radial tightening member

|  | F16L 33/12 |
· · | with a pivoted or swinging tightening or securing member, e.g. toggle lever

|  | F16L 33/14 |
· · | with a taping-bolt, i.e. winding up the end of the hose-encircling member

|  | F16L 33/16 |
· | with sealing or securing means using fluid pressure

|  | F16L 33/18 |
· | characterised by the use of additional sealing means

|  | F16L 33/20 |
· | Undivided rings, sleeves, or like members contracted on the hose or expanded inside the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members

|  | F16L 33/22 |
· | with means not mentioned in the preceding groups for gripping the hose between inner and outer parts

|  | F16L 33/23 |
· · | the outer parts being segmented, the segments being pressed against the hose by wedging action [2]

|  | F16L 33/24 |
· | with parts screwed directly on or into the hose (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 33/22 takes precedence)

|  | F16L 33/26 |
· | specially adapted for hoses made of metal

|  | F16L 35/00 |
Special arrangements used in connection with end fittings of hoses, e.g. safety or protecting devices

|  | F16L 37/00 |
Couplings of the quick-acting type (radially-binding sleeves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 17/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 21/06; connecting hoses to rigid members Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 33/00; connections made automatically when vehicles are brought together Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61G; specially adapted for lubricating devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16N 21/00)

|  | F16L 37/02 |
· | in which the connection is maintained only by friction of the parts being joined (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/22 takes precedence)

|  | F16L 37/04 |
· · | with an elastic outer part pressing against an inner part by reason of its elasticity (with locking members Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/08)

|  | F16L 37/06 |
· · · | tightened by fluid pressure

|  | F16L 37/08 |
· | in which the connection between abutting or axially-overlapping ends is maintained by locking members (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/22-F16L 37/26 take precedence)

|  | F16L 37/10 |
· · | using a rotary external sleeve or ring on one part

|  | F16L 37/12 |
· · | using hooks, pawls, or other movable or insertable locking members

|  | F16L 37/14 |
· · · | Joints secured by inserting between mating surfaces an element, e.g. a piece of wire, a pin, a chain

|  | F16L 37/16 |
· · · | Joints tightened by the action of wedge-shaped hinged hooks

|  | F16L 37/18 |
· · · | Joints tightened by eccentrics or rotatable cams

|  | F16L 37/20 |
· · · | Joints tightened by toggle-action levers

|  | F16L 37/22 |
· | in which the connection is maintained by means of balls, rollers, or helical springs under radial pressure between the parts

|  | F16L 37/24 |
· | in which the connection is made by inserting one member axially into the other and rotating it to a limited extent, e.g. with bayonet-action

|  | F16L 37/26 |
· | in which the connection is made by transversely moving the parts together, with or without their subsequent rotation

|  | F16L 37/28 |
· | with fluid cut-off means

|  | F16L 39/00 |
Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies

|  | F16L 39/02 |
· | for hoses

|  | F16L 39/04 |
· | allowing adjustment or movement

|  | F16L 41/00 |
Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 39/00 takes precedence; joints suitable for connecting together pipe ends, see the relevant groups; connections not designed for conveying fluid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16B 9/00)

|  | F16L 41/02 |
· | Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted

|  | F16L 41/04 |
· | Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor (apparatus or operations relating to metal-working steps, see the relevant classes for metal-working)

|  | F16L 41/06 |
· · | making use of attaching means embracing the pipe

|  | F16L 41/08 |
· | Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of a wall or to the axis of another pipe (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 41/02 takes precedence) [2]

|  | F16L 43/00 |
Bends; Siphons (with cleaning apertures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 45/00; siphons in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04F 10/00)

|  | F16L 43/02 |
· | adapted to make use of special securing means

|  | F16L 45/00 |
Pipe units with cleaning aperture and closure therefor

|  | F16L 47/00 |
Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics

|  | F16L 47/02 |
· | Welded joints; Adhesive joints

|  | F16L 47/04 |
· | with a swivel nut or collar engaging the pipe [2]

|  | F16L 47/06 |
· | with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end [2]

|  | F16L 49/00 |
Connecting arrangements specially adapted for pipes of brittle material, e.g. glass, earthenware

|  | F16L 51/00 |
Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines (telescopic pipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 27/12)

|  | F16L 51/02 |
· | making use of a bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube

|  | F16L 51/04 |
· | making use of bends, e.g. lyre-shaped

|  | F16L 53/00 |
Heating or cooling pipes or pipe systems (preventing freezing of pipes, thawing frozen pipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03B 7/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03B 7/14)

|  | F16L 55/00 |
Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems (the preceding groups and groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 57/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 59/00 take precedence; nozzles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B; cleaning of pipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 9/02; devices for preventing bursting of water pipes by freezing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03B 7/10; for domestic plumbing installations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03C 1/00)

|  | F16L 55/02 |
· | Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers (in valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K 47/00)

|  | F16L 55/04 |
· | Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids

|  | F16L 55/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 55/07 )

|  | F16L 55/07 |
· | Arrangement or mounting of devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating or draining (arrangement of draining devices in water-supply systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E03B 7/08; apparatus for draining Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16T; venting or aerating devices per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K 24/00) [2]

|  | F16L 55/09 |
· | Air-conditioning, e.g. de-watering, in pneumatic systems (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24)

|  | F16L 55/10 |
· | Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 29/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 37/28 take precedence; valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K)

|  | F16L 55/12 |
· · | using a member which is expanded in place

|  | F16L 55/14 |
· · | Means, e.g. clamps, for flattening hoses

|  | F16L 55/16 |
· · | Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders

|  | F16L 55/18 |
· | Appliances for use in repairing pipes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 55/10 takes precedence)

|  | F16L 55/24 |
· | Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers

|  | F16L 57/00 |
Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 7/00; protection thereof during transport Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 59/00)

|  | F16L 58/00 |
Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 7/00; cleaning pipes or tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 9/02; painting, surface treatment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44D; prevention of corrosion or incrustation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F, e.g. cathodic or anodic protection Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F 13/00)

|  | F16L 58/02 |
· | by means of internal or external coatings (coatings for thermal insulation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 59/00; methods or machines for applying coatings, see the relevant classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B 21/00) [2]

|  | F16L 58/04 |
· · | Coatings characterised by the materials used (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 58/16 takes precedence; compositions, see the relevant classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B) [2]

|  | F16L 58/06 |
· · · | by cement, concrete, or the like [2]

|  | F16L 58/08 |
· · · | by metal [2]

|  | F16L 58/10 |
· · · | by rubber or plastics [2]

|  | F16L 58/12 |
· · · | by tar or bitumen [2]

|  | F16L 58/14 |
· · · | by ceramic or vitreous materials [2]

|  | F16L 58/16 |
· · | the coating being in the form of a bandage (apparatus for covering cores by winding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 81/00) [2]

|  | F16L 58/18 |
· | specially adapted for pipe fittings [2]

|  | F16L 59/00 |
Thermal insulation not adapted to particular purposes provided for in other classes (in buildings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E04B 1/62)

|  | F16L 59/02 |
· | Shape or form of insulating materials (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes)

|  | F16L 59/04 |
· | Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool

|  | F16L 59/05 |
· · | in prefabricated shells or covers [2]

|  | F16L 59/06 |
· | Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum

|  | F16L 59/08 |
· | Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil

|  | F16L 59/10 |
· | Bandages for insulation

|  | F16L 59/12 |
· | Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies

|  | F16L 59/14 |
· | Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 59/02-F16L 59/12 take precedence)

|  | F16L 59/16 |
· · | Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves, or the like