F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
LIGHTING AND HEATING
 F22
STEAM GENERATION (chemical or physical apparatus for generating gases B01J; chemical generation of gas, e.g. under pressure, Section C; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R)
 F22

Note(s)

In this class, the term "steam" also covers other condensable vapours, g. mercury, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide.

 F22B
METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS (steam engine plants where engine aspects predominate F01K; domestic central-heating systems using steam F24D; heat exchange or heat transfer in general F28; generation of vapour in the cores of nuclear reactors G21)
 F22B

Note(s)

This sub-class includes only methods of, and apparatus for, the generation of steam under pressure for heating or power purposes.

 F22B 1/00 - 
F22B 3/00
General aspects of, or methods for, steam generation
 F22B 1/00
Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method (solar heating F24J; jackets or other cooling means in which steam is generated and which serve for cooling other apparatus, see the sub-classes for such apparatus)
 F22B 1/02
·  by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
 F22B 1/04
·  ·  the heat carrier being hot slag, hot residues, or heated blocks, e.g. iron blocks
 F22B 1/06
·  ·  the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
 F22B 1/08
·  ·  the heat carrier being steam
 F22B 1/10
·  ·  ·  released from heat accumulators
 F22B 1/12
·  ·  ·  produced by an indirect cyclic process
 F22B 1/14
·  ·  ·  coming in direct contact with water in bulk or in sprays
 F22B 1/16
·  ·  the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
 F22B 1/18
·  ·  the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines (use of waste heat of combustion engines, in general, F02G)
 F22B 1/20
·  using heat evolved in a solution absorbing steam; Soda steam boilers
 F22B 1/22
·  using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
 F22B 1/24
·  ·  Pressure-fired steam boilers, e.g. using turbo air compressors actuated by hot gases from boiler furnace
 F22B 1/26
·  ·  Steam boilers of submerged-flame type, i.e. the flame being surrounded by, or impinging on, the water to be vaporised
 F22B 1/28
·  in boilers heated electrically
 F22B 1/30
·  ·  Electrode boilers
 F22B 3/00
Other methods of steam generation
 F22B 3/02
·  involving the use of working media other than water
 F22B 3/04
·  by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure-reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators (steam accumulators per se F01K 1/00)
 F22B 3/06
·  by transformation of mechanical, e.g. kinetic, energy into heat energy
 F22B 3/08
·  at critical or supercritical pressure values
 F22B 5/00 - 
F22B 31/00
Kinds of steam boilers
 F22B 5/00
Steam boilers of drum type, i.e. without internal furnace or fire tubes, the boiler body being contacted externally by flue gas
 F22B 5/02
·  with auxiliary water tubes outside the boiler body
 F22B 5/04
·  Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor (covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general F16J 13/00)
 F22B 7/00
Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body
 F22B 7/02
·  without auxiliary water tubes
 F22B 7/04
·  with auxiliary water tubes
 F22B 7/06
·  ·  inside the furnace tube in transverse arrangement
 F22B 7/08
·  ·  inside the furnace tube in longitudinal arrangement
 F22B 7/10
·  ·  outside the boiler body
 F22B 7/12
·  with auxiliary fire tubes; Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
 F22B 7/14
·  with both auxiliary water tubes and auxiliary fire tubes
 F22B 7/16
·  Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections
 F22B 7/18
·  ·  Walling of flues; Flue-gas header boxes
 F22B 7/20
·  ·  Furnace tubes
 F22B 9/00
Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body
 F22B 9/02
·  the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber
 F22B 9/04
·  ·  the fire tubes being in upright arrangement
 F22B 9/06
·  ·  ·  Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
 F22B 9/08
·  ·  the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement
 F22B 9/10
·  the boiler body being disposed substantially horizontally, e.g. at the side of the combustion chamber
 F22B 9/12
·  ·  the fire tubes being in substantially-horizontal arrangement
 F22B 9/14
·  ·  ·  Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
 F22B 9/16
·  the boiler body containing fire tubes disposed crosswise in inclined upward arrangement
 F22B 9/18
·  Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections
 F22B 11/00
Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type, i.e. steam boilers of fire-tube type having auxiliary water tubes
 F22B 11/02
·  the fire tubes being in upright arrangement
 F22B 11/04
·  the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement
 F22B 13/00
Steam boilers of fire-box type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed in a chamber or fire-box with subsequent flue(s) or fire tube(s), both chamber or fire-box and flues or fire tubes being built-in in the boiler body
 F22B 13/02
·  mounted in fixed position with the boiler body disposed upright
 F22B 13/04
·  mounted in fixed position with the boiler body disposed substantially horizontally
 F22B 13/06
·  Locomobile, traction-engine, steam-roller, or locomotive boilers
 F22B 13/08
·  ·  without auxiliary water tubes inside the fire-box
 F22B 13/10
·  ·  with auxiliary water tubes inside the fire-box
 F22B 13/12
·  ·  ·  the auxiliary water tubes lining the fire-box
 F22B 13/14
·  Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor
 F22B 13/16
·  ·  Stay-bolt connections, e.g. rigid connections
 F22B 13/18
·  ·  ·  Flexible connections, e.g. of ball-and-socket type
 F22B 15/00
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally
 F22B 17/00
Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane
 F22B 17/02
·  built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two header boxes in common for all sets, e.g. with flat header boxes
 F22B 17/04
·  ·  the water-tube sets being inclined in opposite directions, e.g. crosswise
 F22B 17/06
·  ·  the water-tube sets being bent angularly
 F22B 17/08
·  ·  the water-tube sets being curved
 F22B 17/10
·  built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler
 F22B 17/12
·  ·  the sectional headers being in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement
 F22B 17/14
·  ·  the sectional headers being in horizontal or substantially-horizontal arrangement
 F22B 17/16
·  Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor
 F22B 17/18
·  ·  Header boxes; Sectional headers
 F22B 19/00
Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement
 F22B 21/00
Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
 F22B 21/02
·  built-up from substantially-straight water tubes
 F22B 21/04
·  ·  involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
 F22B 21/06
·  ·  ·  the water tubes being arranged annularly in sets, e.g. in abutting connection with drums of annular shape
 F22B 21/08
·  ·  ·  the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends
 F22B 21/10
·  ·  ·  the water tubes being arranged in staggered rows
 F22B 21/12
·  ·  involving two or more upper drums and two or more lower drums, e.g. with crosswise-arranged water-tube sets in abutting connection with drums
 F22B 21/14
·  ·  involving a single upper drum and two or more lower drums
 F22B 21/16
·  ·  ·  the lower drums being interconnected by further water tubes
 F22B 21/18
·  ·  involving two or more upper drums and a single lower drum
 F22B 21/20
·  ·  involving sectional or subdivided headers in separate arrangement for each water-tube set
 F22B 21/22
·  built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight
 F22B 21/24
·  ·  bent in serpentine or sinuous form
 F22B 21/26
·  ·  bent helically, i.e. coiled
 F22B 21/28
·  ·  bent spirally
 F22B 21/30
·  ·  bent in U-loop form
 F22B 21/32
·  ·  ·  disposed horizontally in abutting connection with upright headers or rising water mains
 F22B 21/34
·  built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
 F22B 21/36
·  ·  involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
 F22B 21/38
·  ·  Component parts thereof, e.g. prefabricated panels
 F22B 21/40
·  built-up from water tubes arranged in a comparatively long vertical shaft, i.e. tower boilers
 F22B 23/00
Water-tube boilers built-up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes of return type in unilaterial abutting connection with a boiler drum or with a header box, i.e. built-up from Field water tubes comprising an inner tube arranged within an outer unilaterally-closed tube
 F22B 23/02
·  the water-tube, i.e. Field-tube, sets being horizontal or substantially horizontal
 F22B 23/04
·  the water-tube, i.e. Field-tube, sets being vertical or substantially vertical
 F22B 23/06
·  Component parts thereof, e.g. Field water tubes (heat-exchange tubes in general F28F)
 F22B 25/00
Water-tube boilers built-up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes, or fire tubes, extending through the water tubes
 F22B 27/00
Instantaneous or flash steam boilers
 F22B 27/02
·  built-up from fire tubes
 F22B 27/04
·  built-up from water tubes (F22B 27/12-F22B 27/16 take precedence)
 F22B 27/06
·  ·  bent in serpentine or sinuous form
 F22B 27/08
·  ·  bent helically, i.e. coiled
 F22B 27/10
·  ·  bent spirally
 F22B 27/12
·  built-up from rotary heat-exchange elements, e.g. from tube assemblies
 F22B 27/14
·  built-up from heat-exchange elements arranged within a confined chamber having heat-retaining walls
 F22B 27/16
·  involving spray nozzles for sprinkling or injecting water particles on to or into hot heat-exchange elements, e.g. into tubes
 F22B 29/00
Steam boilers of forced-flow type
 F22B 29/02
·  of forced-circulation type
 F22B 29/04
·  of combined-circulation type, i.e. in which convection circulation due to the difference in specific gravity between cold and hot water is promoted by additional measures, e.g. by injecting pressure-water temporarily
 F22B 29/06
·  of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes (F22B 33/00 takes precedence)
 F22B 29/08
·  ·  operating with fixed point of final state of complete evaporation
 F22B 29/10
·  ·  operating with sliding point of final state of complete evaporation
 F22B 29/12
·  ·  operating with superimposed recirculation during starting and low-load periods, e.g. composite boilers
 F22B 31/00
Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus (steam generation characterised by heating method F22B 1/00; combustion apparatus per se F23)
 F22B 31/02
·  Installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys, e.g. in converter chimneys
 F22B 31/04
·  Heat supply by installation of two or more combustion apparatus, e.g. of separate combustion apparatus for the boiler and the superheater respectively
 F22B 31/06
·  ·  Installation of emergency heat supply
 F22B 31/08
·  Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
 F22B 33/00 - 
F22B 35/00
Steam-generation plants; Control systems
 F22B 33/00
Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association (arrangements or dispositions of steam-generation plants in marine vessels B63H 21/00)
 F22B 33/02
·  Combinations of boilers having a single combustion apparatus in common
 F22B 33/04
·  ·  of boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of water-tube type
 F22B 33/06
·  ·  of boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type
 F22B 33/08
·  ·  of boilers of water-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type
 F22B 33/10
·  ·  of two or more superposed boilers with separate water volumes and operating with two or more separate water levels
 F22B 33/12
·  Self-contained steam boilers, i.e. comprising as a unit the steam boiler, the combustion apparatus, the fuel storage, accessory machines, and equipment
 F22B 33/14
·  Combinations of low- and high-pressure boilers
 F22B 33/16
·  ·  of forced-flow type
 F22B 33/18
·  Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
 F22B 35/00
Control systems for steam boilers (regulation or control of steam power plants F01K 7/00; for regulating feed-water supply F22D; for controlling superheat temperature F22G 5/00; control of combustion F23N; regulating or controlling in general G05)
 F22B 35/02
·  for steam boilers with natural convection circulation
 F22B 35/04
·  ·  during starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
 F22B 35/06
·  for steam boilers of forced-flow type
 F22B 35/08
·  ·  of forced-circulation type
 F22B 35/10
·  ·  of once-through type
 F22B 35/12
·  ·  ·  operating at critical or supercritical pressure
 F22B 35/14
·  ·  during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
 F22B 35/16
·  ·  responsive to the percentage of steam in the mixture of steam and water
 F22B 35/18
·  Applications of computers to steam-boiler control
 F22B 37/00
Component parts or details of steam boilers (venting devices F16K 24/00; steam traps or like apparatus F16T)
 F22B 37/02
·  applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
 F22B 37/04
·  ·  and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy
 F22B 37/06
·  ·  Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts
 F22B 37/08
·  ·  ·  Fittings preventing burning-off of the tube edges
 F22B 37/10
·  ·  Water tubes; Accessories therefor (working of metal tubes B21D; pipes in general F16L; repairing leaks in water tubes F16L 55/16, F28F 11/00; baffles, screens, or deflectors formed of water tubes F23M 9/10; cleaning internal or external surfaces of water tubes F28G)
 F22B 37/12
·  ·  ·  Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
 F22B 37/14
·  ·  ·  Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
 F22B 37/16
·  ·  ·  Return bends
 F22B 37/18
·  ·  ·  Inserts, e.g. for receiving deposits from water
 F22B 37/20
·  ·  ·  Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets (construction of tube walls of furnaces including boiler furnaces F23M 5/08)
 F22B 37/22
·  ·  Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor (making boilers from sheet metal B21D 51/24; pressure vessels in general F16J 11/06; covers or similar closure members F16J 13/00)
 F22B 37/24
·  ·  Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding (frames, engine beds F16M)
 F22B 37/26
·  ·  Steam-separating arrangements (vapour-liquid separators, e.g. for drying steam, B01D, B04)
 F22B 37/28
·  ·  ·  involving reversal of direction of flow
 F22B 37/30
·  ·  ·  using impingement against baffle separators
 F22B 37/32
·  ·  ·  using centrifugal force
 F22B 37/34
·  ·  Adaptations of boilers for promoting water circulation (auxiliary apparatus F22D 7/00)
 F22B 37/36
·  ·  Arrangements for sheathing or casing boilers
 F22B 37/38
·  ·  Determining or indicating operating conditions in steam boilers, e.g. monitoring direction or rate of water flow through water tubes (measuring or indicating instruments per se G01)
 F22B 37/40
·  ·  Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles (in flues or chimneys F23J 13/00)
 F22B 37/42
·  ·  Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices (for feed-water heaters F22D 1/14)
 F22B 37/44
·  ·  ·  of safety valves (safety valves per se F16K)
 F22B 37/46
·  ·  ·  responsive to low or high water level, e.g. for checking, suppressing, extinguishing combustion in boilers (fire-fighting, fire extinction in general A62)
 F22B 37/47
·  ·  ·  responsive to abnormal temperature, e.g. actuated by fusible plugs (such alarms or devices per se G08B)
 F22B 37/48
·  ·  Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers (cleaning internal or external surfaces of water tubes F28G); Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers (cleaning external surfaces of tubes by soot blowers F23J); Combinations thereof with boilers
 F22B 37/50
·  ·  ·  for draining or expelling water
 F22B 37/52
·  ·  ·  Washing-out devices
 F22B 37/54
·  ·  ·  De-sludging or blow-down devices
 F22B 37/56
·  ·  Boiler-cleaning control devices, e.g. for ascertaining proper duration of boiler blow-down
 F22B 37/58
·  ·  Removing tubes from headers or drums; Extracting tools
 F22B 37/60
·  specially adapted for steam boilers of instantaneous or flash type
 F22B 37/62
·  specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
 F22B 37/64
·  ·  Mounting of, or supporting arrangements for, tube units (construction of tube walls of furnaces, e.g. boiler furnaces F23M 5/08)
 F22B 37/66
·  ·  ·  involving vertically-disposed water tubes
 F22B 37/68
·  ·  ·  involving horizontally-disposed water tubes
 F22B 37/70
·  ·  Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes
 F22B 37/72
·  ·  ·  involving injection devices
 F22B 37/74
·  ·  ·  Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes
 F22B 37/76
·  Adaptations or mounting of devices for observing existence or direction of fluid flow (devices per se G01P)
 F22B 37/78
·  Adaptations or mounting of level indicators (level indicators per se G01F)