|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H04 |
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

|  | H04N |
PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION; TELEVISION (measuring, testing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; systems for autographic writing, e.g. writing telegraphy, which involve following an outline Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08; transferring signals by relative movement between a record track and a transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B; broadcast distribution and the recording of use made thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H)

|  | H04N |
Note(s) This sub-class deals with the transmission of pictures or their transient or permanent reproduction either locally or remotely, by methods involving both the following steps: Step (a): the scanning of a picture, i.e. the analysis of the whole of a picture-containing area by resolving it into an area or a plurality of areas of which at least one of the two dimensions is elemental, simultaneously or in a sequence, and the derivation in response thereto of a picture-representative electric signal; Step (b): the reproduction of the whole of a picture-containing area by the reproduction in response to a picture-representative electric signal of an area or a plurality of areas of which at least one of the two dimensions is elemental, simultaneously or in sequence. In this sub-class, "pictorial communication systems" are those systems for the transmission and reproduction of arbitrarily composed pictures in which the local light variations composing a picture are not subject to variation with time, e.g. documents (both written and printed), maps, charts, photographs (other than cinematograph films). In this sub-class, "television systems" are those systems for the transmission and reproduction of arbitrarily composed pictures in which the local light variations composing a picture may change with time, e.g. natural "live" scenes, recordings of such scenes such as cinematograph films. This sub-class includes circuits specially designed for dealing with television or pictorial communication signals, as distinct from merely signals of a particular frequency range. This sub-class does not include the following subject matter: Circuits or other parts of systems which form the subject of other sub-classes, which are dealt with in the corresponding sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04H. Systems in which legible alphanumeric or like character forms are analysed according to Step (a) to derive an electric signal from which the character is recognised by comparison with stored information, which are dealt with in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K. Systems for the direct photographic copying of an original picture in which an electric signal representative of the picture is derived according to Step (a) and employed to modify the operation of the system, which are dealt with in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03. Systems for the reproduction according to Step (b) of pictures comprising alphanumeric or like character forms but involving the production of the equivalent of a signal which would be derived by Step (a), e.g. by cams, punched card or tape, coded control signal, or other means, which are dealt with in the sub-class for the application, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L. Systems involving Step (a) or Step (b) for producing (1) engraved, indented, apertured, or otherwise formed printing surfaces, or (2) photographs specially arranged for producing such printing surfaces or for use generally in printing or duplication, which are dealt with in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F. Systems involving Step (a) or Step (b) but otherwise specially modified for printing or duplication, which are dealt with in such sub-classes as Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B41M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03F. Systems for the reproduction according to Step (b) of pictures comprising alphanumeric or like character forms and involving the generation according to Step (a) of picture-representative electric signals from a pre-arranged assembly of such characters, or records thereof, forming an integral part of the systems, are dealt with in the sub-class for the application, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N.

|  | H04N 1/00 |
Pictorial communication, e.g. facsimile transmission

|  | H04N 1/02 |
· | System details, e.g. signal generator, signal reproducer

|  | H04N 1/04 |
· · | Scanning arrangements

|  | H04N 1/06 |
· · · | using cylindrical picture-bearing surfaces

|  | H04N 1/08 |
· · · · | Mechanisms for mounting or holding the sheet around the drum

|  | H04N 1/10 |
· · · | using flat picture-bearing surfaces

|  | H04N 1/12 |
· · · | using the sheet-feed movement as the slow scanning component

|  | H04N 1/14 |
· · · · | using a rotating endless belt carrying the scanning heads

|  | H04N 1/16 |
· · · · | using a rotating helical element

|  | H04N 1/17 |
· · · | the scanning speed being dependent on content of picture [2]

|  | H04N 1/18 |
· · · | arranged for simultaneous transmission of separate parts of one picture

|  | H04N 1/20 |
· · · | arranged for simultaneous transmission of two or more separate pictures

|  | H04N 1/22 |
· · | Recording or reproducing arrangements, e.g. scanning head (recording or reproducing in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B)

|  | H04N 1/24 |
· · · | Details of scanning heads, e.g. electrode, marker, light-source carriage

|  | H04N 1/26 |
· · · | involving production of an intermediate record

|  | H04N 1/28 |
· · · · | Magnetic record

|  | H04N 1/30 |
· · · · | Electrostatic record

|  | H04N 1/31 |
· · · | Mechanical arrangements for picture transmission, e.g. adaptation of clutches, gearing, gear transmissions [2]

|  | H04N 1/32 |
· | Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver

|  | H04N 1/34 |
· · | for coin-freed systems

|  | H04N 1/36 |
· · | for synchronising or phasing transmitter and receiver

|  | H04N 1/38 |
· | Circuits or arrangements for blanking or otherwise eliminating unwanted parts of pictures

|  | H04N 1/40 |
· | Picture signal circuits

|  | H04N 1/42 |
· | Systems for two-way working

|  | H04N 1/44 |
· | Secrecy systems

|  | H04N 1/46 |
· | Colour picture communication systems

|  | H04N 3/00 |
Scanning details of television systems

|  | H04N 3/02 |
· | by optical-mechanical means only (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/36 takes precedence; optical-mechanical scanning in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 27/17) [2]

|  | H04N 3/04 |
· · | having a moving aperture

|  | H04N 3/06 |
· · | having a moving lens or other refractor

|  | H04N 3/08 |
· · | having a moving reflector

|  | H04N 3/10 |
· | by means not exclusively optical-mechanical (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/36 takes precedence; electro-, magneto- or acousto-optical modulation or deflection of light beams Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F) [2]

|  | H04N 3/12 |
· · | by switched stationary formation of lamps, photocells, or light relays

|  | H04N 3/14 |
· · | by means of electrically scanned solid-state devices

|  | H04N 3/16 |
· · | by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube (producing sawtooth waveforms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00)

|  | H04N 3/18 |
· · · | Generation of supply voltages e.g. of e.h.t. from deflection waveforms

|  | H04N 3/20 |
· · · | Prevention of damage to cathode-ray tubes in event of failure of scanning

|  | H04N 3/22 |
· · · | Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen (control of sawtooth generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00)

|  | H04N 3/24 |
· · · | Blanking circuits

|  | H04N 3/26 |
· · · | Modifications of scanning arrangements to improve focusing (focusing circuits in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J)

|  | H04N 3/28 |
· · | Producing multiple scanning, i.e. using more than one spot at the same time

|  | H04N 3/30 |
· · | otherwise than with constant velocity or otherwise than in pattern formed by unidirectional, straight, substantially horizontal or vertical lines

|  | H04N 3/32 |
· · · | Velocity varied in dependence upon picture information

|  | H04N 3/34 |
· · · | Elemental scanning area oscillated rapidly in direction transverse to main scanning direction

|  | H04N 3/36 |
· | Scanning of motion picture films [2]

|  | H04N 5/00 |
Details of television systems (scanning details Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/00;)

|  | H04N 5/02 |
· | Conversion of standards

|  | H04N 5/04 |
· | Synchronising (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B)

|  | H04N 5/05 |
· · | Synchronising circuits with arrangements for extending range of synchronisation, e.g. by using switching between several time constants [2]

|  | H04N 5/06 |
· · | Generation of synchronising signals

|  | H04N 5/08 |
· · | Separation of synchronising signals from picture signals

|  | H04N 5/10 |
· · · | Separation of line synchronising signal from frame synchronising signal

|  | H04N 5/12 |
· · | Devices in which the synchronising signals are only operative if a phase difference occurs between synchronising and synchronised scanning devices, e.g. flywheel synchronising [2]

|  | H04N 5/14 |
· | Picture signal circuitry, e.g. crispening, aperture distortion correction (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/22 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H04N 5/16 |
· · | Circuitry for reinsertion of direct-current and slowly varying components of signal; Circuitry for preservation of black or white level

|  | H04N 5/18 |
· · · | by means of "clamp" circuit operated by switching circuit

|  | H04N 5/19 |
· · | Circuitry for compensating for variations in the brightness of the object

|  | H04N 5/193 |
· · · | by influencing the optical part of the camera [2]

|  | H04N 5/197 |
· · · | by influencing the picture signal [2]

|  | H04N 5/20 |
· · | Circuitry for controlling amplitude response, e.g. gamma control

|  | H04N 5/21 |
· · | Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré, halo

|  | H04N 5/22 |
· | Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image

|  | H04N 5/24 |
· | Studio equipment, e.g. arrangement of television cameras (studio equipment in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63J)

|  | H04N 5/26 |
· · | Television cameras (optical systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B; tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J)

|  | H04N 5/28 |
· · | Mobile studios

|  | H04N 5/30 |
· | Transforming light or analogous information into electric information (scanning details Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/00; light-transforming elements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01L) [2]

|  | H04N 5/32 |
· · | Transforming X-rays

|  | H04N 5/33 |
· · | Transforming infra-red radiation [2]

|  | H04N 5/34 |
· · | Circuit details for pick-up tubes

|  | H04N 5/36 |
· · | in flying-spot scanners

|  | H04N 5/38 |
· | Transmitter circuitry (picture signal circuitry in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/14)

|  | H04N 5/40 |
· · | Modulation circuits

|  | H04N 5/42 |
· · | for transmitting at will black-and-white or colour signals

|  | H04N 5/44 |
· | Receiver circuitry (picture signal circuitry in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/14)

|  | H04N 5/46 |
· · | for receiving on more than one standard at will

|  | H04N 5/48 |
· · | for the picture signals

|  | H04N 5/50 |
· · · | Tuning indicators; Automatic tuning control

|  | H04N 5/52 |
· · · | Automatic gain control

|  | H04N 5/54 |
· · · · | for positively-modulated picture signals

|  | H04N 5/56 |
· · · · | for negatively-modulated picture signals

|  | H04N 5/58 |
· · · | Picture characteristics, e.g. brightness, controlled in dependence upon ambient light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/52 takes precedence)

|  | H04N 5/60 |
· · | for the sound signals

|  | H04N 5/62 |
· · · | Intercarrier circuits, i.e. heterodyning sound and vision carriers

|  | H04N 5/64 |
· | Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets, dust covers (furniture aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B 81/06) [2]

|  | H04N 5/645 |
· · | Mounting of picture tube on chassis or in housing

|  | H04N 5/65 |
· · | Holding-devices for protective discs or for picture masks

|  | H04N 5/655 |
· · | Construction or mounting of chassis, e.g. for varying the elevation of the tube

|  | H04N 5/657 |
· · | Mounting of line deflection transformer [2]

|  | H04N 5/66 |
· | Transforming electric information into light information (scanning details Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/00)

|  | H04N 5/68 |
· · | Circuit details for cathode-ray display tubes

|  | H04N 5/70 |
· · | Circuit details for electroluminescent devices

|  | H04N 5/72 |
· | Modifying the appearance of television pictures by optical filters or diffusing screens (optical filters or diffusing screens per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 5/00)

|  | H04N 5/74 |
· | Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor (optical systems in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B)

|  | H04N 5/76 |
· | Television signal recording (recording in connection with measuring Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D; information storage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11)

|  | H04N 5/78 |
· · | using magnetic recording

|  | H04N 5/785 |
· · · | the video signal processing taking place directly before or after the magnetic recording [2]

|  | H04N 5/79 |
· · · · | Transformation of video signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation [2]

|  | H04N 5/795 |
· · · · | Regeneration of the video signal or of selected parts thereof, e.g. synchronisation signal or chrominance signal processing [2]

|  | H04N 5/80 |
· · | using electrostatic recording

|  | H04N 5/82 |
· · · | using deformable thermoplastic recording medium

|  | H04N 5/84 |
· · | using photographic recording

|  | H04N 5/86 |
· · · | with film moved continuously

|  | H04N 5/88 |
· · · | with film moved intermittently

|  | H04N 7/00 |
Television systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/00 takes precedence; details Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/00)

|  | H04N 7/02 |
· | Monitoring, testing, or measuring

|  | H04N 7/04 |
· | Systems for the transmission of one television signal, i.e. both picture and sound, by a single carrier

|  | H04N 7/06 |
· | Systems for the simultaneous transmission of one television signal, i.e. both picture and sound, by more than one carrier

|  | H04N 7/08 |
· | Systems for the transmission of more than one television signal simultaneously or sequentially, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band

|  | H04N 7/10 |
· | Adaptations for transmission by cable (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 7/12 takes precedence)

|  | H04N 7/12 |
· | Systems in which the picture signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the picture signal (by special scanning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 3/00)

|  | H04N 7/14 |
· | Systems for two-way working

|  | H04N 7/16 |
· | Secrecy systems; Subscription systems

|  | H04N 7/18 |
· | Closed-circuit television systems, i.e. systems in which the signal is not broadcast

|  | H04N 9/00 |
Colour television; Stereoscopic television; Details thereof

|  | H04N 9/02 |
· | Colour television systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/60 takes precedence)

|  | H04N 9/04 |
· · | Picture signal generators

|  | H04N 9/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/07 )

|  | H04N 9/07 |
· · · | with one pick-up tube supplying more than one colour signal [2]

|  | H04N 9/08 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/09 )

|  | H04N 9/09 |
· · · | with more than one pick-up tube, each supplying one colour signal [2]

|  | H04N 9/10 |
· · · | using optical-mechanical scanning means only (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/11 takes precedence; optical-mechanical scanning in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 27/17) [2]

|  | H04N 9/11 |
· · · | Scanning of colour motion picture film [2]

|  | H04N 9/12 |
· · | Picture reproducers (electro-, magneto- or acousto-optical modulation or deflection of light beams Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F) [2]

|  | H04N 9/14 |
· · · | using optical-mechanical scanning means only (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/11 takes precedence; optical-mechanical scanning in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 27/17) [2]

|  | H04N 9/16 |
· · · | using cathode ray tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/11 takes precedence; cathode-ray tubes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 31/00) [2]

|  | H04N 9/18 |
· · · · | using separate electron beams for the primary colour signals (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/27 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H04N 9/20 |
· · · · · | with more than one beam in a tube

|  | H04N 9/22 |
· · · · | using the same beam for more than one primary colour information (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/27 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H04N 9/24 |
· · · · · | using means, integral with, or external to, the tube, for producing signal indicating instantaneous beam position

|  | H04N 9/26 |
· · · · · | using electron-optical colour selection means, e.g. line grid, deflection means in or near the gun or near the phosphor screen

|  | H04N 9/27 |
· · · · | with variable depth of penetration of electron beam into the luminescent layer, e.g. penetrons [2]

|  | H04N 9/28 |
· · · · | Arrangements for convergence or focusing

|  | H04N 9/29 |
· · · · | using demagnetisation or compensation of external magnetic fields [2]

|  | H04N 9/30 |
· · · | using solid-state colour display devices

|  | H04N 9/31 |
· · · | Projection devices for colour picture display [2]

|  | H04N 9/32 |
· · | Transmission systems characterised by the manner in which the individual colour signals are combined

|  | H04N 9/34 |
· · · | using sequential signals (dot sequential systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/36)

|  | H04N 9/36 |
· · · | using simultaneous signals

|  | H04N 9/38 |
· · · · | in which one signal, modulated in phase and amplitude, conveys colour information and a second signal conveys brightness information, e.g. N. T. S. C. system

|  | H04N 9/39 |
· · · · · | the colour signal alternating in phase, e.g. PAL system [2]

|  | H04N 9/40 |
· · · | using simultaneous and sequential signals, e.g. S. E. C. A. M. system

|  | H04N 9/42 |
· · · · | in which simultaneous signals are converted into sequential signals or vice versa

|  | H04N 9/44 |
· · | Colour synchronisation

|  | H04N 9/46 |
· · · | using sub-carrier bursts; using carrier bursts

|  | H04N 9/47 |
· · · | Synchronisation of line-sequential switch (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/46 takes precedence) [2]

|  | H04N 9/48 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/49, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/535 )

|  | H04N 9/49 |
· · | Colour-killing [2]

|  | H04N 9/50 |
· · | Circuits for synchronous modulators and demodulators; Circuits for matrixing

|  | H04N 9/52 |
· · · | for matrixing

|  | H04N 9/53 |
· · | Circuits for modifying the colour signals by gamma correction

|  | H04N 9/535 |
· · | Circuits for processing colour signals, e.g. for obtaining special effects, restoration of black level (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/04-H04N 9/53 take precedence) [2]

|  | H04N 9/537 |
· · · | Amplifier circuits specially adapted for colour signals (high-frequency amplifiers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F) [2]

|  | H04N 9/539 |
· · · | Circuits for mixing of colour signals [2]

|  | H04N 9/54 |
· | Stereoscopic television systems; Details thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 9/60 takes precedence)

|  | H04N 9/56 |
· · | Picture signal generators

|  | H04N 9/58 |
· · | Picture reproducers

|  | H04N 9/60 |
· | Stereoscopic colour television systems

|  | H04N 9/62 |
· | Monitoring, testing, or measuring [2]