In the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is always classified in the last appropriate place in the classification system, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a sterol is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/25, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/26), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system.
Albumens, proteins, alkaloids of unknown structure, glucosides of unknown structure are examples of compounds to be found unter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G.
Inventions dealing with chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation should be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed when such groups exist. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed when such groups exist. The compounds prepared may be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of compounds prepared.
This sub-class is concerned with compounds containing saccharide radicals. Excluded are polysaccharides which for the purpose of this sub-class are defined as having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages. A "saccharide radical" is derived from acyclic polyhydroxy-aldehydes or acyclic polyhydroxy-ketones, or from their cyclic tautomers, by removing hydrogen atoms or by replacing hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium, in accordance with either of the following definitions:
A "saccharide radical"
consists of an uninterrupted carbon skeleton and oxygen atoms directly attached thereto, and
is considered to be terminated by every bond to a cyclic structure and by every bond to a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, and
contains within the carbon skeleton an unconjugated sequence of at the most six carbon atoms in which at least three carbon atoms—at least two in the case of a skeleton having only four carbon atoms—have one single bond to an oxygen atom as the only hetero bond., and
in a cyclic or acyclic sequence, at least one other carbon atom has two single bonds to oxygen atoms as the only hetero bonds, or
in an acyclic sequence, at least one other carbon atom has one double bond to an oxygen atom as the only hetero bond.
A "saccharide radical" is also a radical derived from a radical as defined in (a) above by replacing at the most four of the specified hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium. [2]
In the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. [2]
The terms "heterocyclic radical" and "hetero ring" are considered to exclude saccharide radicals as defined above. [2]
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Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives [2]
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Phosphorylation [2]
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Introducing polyphosphoric acid radicals [2]
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Separation; Purification [2]
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from natural products [2]
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Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (preparation by hydrolysis of di- or polysaccharides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13; separation or purification of sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose or maltose Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C13) [2]
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Monosaccharides [2]
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Disaccharides [2]
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Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages [2]
Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium [2]
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to halogen [2]
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to nitrogen [2]
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Aminosugars [2]
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to sulphur, selenium, or tellurium [2]
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to sulphur [2]
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Compounds containing non-saccharide radicals linked to saccharide radicals by a carbon-to-carbon bond [2]
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Acyclic radicals, e.g. glucuronic acids [2]
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Carbocyclic radicals [2]
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Heterocyclic radicals [2]
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Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical [2]
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the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms [2]
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Cyclic acetals [2]
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the hetero ring containing nitrogen as ring hetero atoms [2]
Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids [2]
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by carboxylic acids [2]
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having the esterifying carboxyl radicals attached to acyclic carbon atoms [2]
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Fatty acids [2]
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having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings [2]
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having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to heterocyclic rings [2]
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by acids having the group —X—C (=X)—X—, or halides thereof, in which X means nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium, e.g. carbonic acid, carbamic acid [2]
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Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals [2]
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Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures [2]
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attached to an oxygen atom of a saccharide radical [2]
Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings [2]
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Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals [2]
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Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen as ring hetero atoms [2]
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Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms [2]
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Benzopyran radicals, e.g. anthocyanins [2]
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Hetero rings containing eight or more ring members, e.g. erythromycins [2]
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Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Mononucleotides [2]
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sharing nitrogen [2]
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Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen as ring hetero atom [2]
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Pyrimidine radicals [2]
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with the saccharide radical being esterified by carboxylic acids [2]
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with the saccharide radical being esterified by phosphoric acids [2]
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Triazine radicals [2]
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Pyrrolo-pyrimidine radicals [2]
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Purine radicals [2]
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with the saccharide radical being esterified by carboxylic acids [2]
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with the saccharide radical being esterified by phosphoric acids [2]
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Pteridine radicals [2]
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Heterocyclic radicals containing oxygen or sulphur as ring hetero atom [2]
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Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units, e.g. nucleic acids [2]
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with ribosyl as saccharide radical [2]
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with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical [2]
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Compounds containing boron, silicon, or a metal, e.g. chelates, vitamin B12 (esters with inorganic acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H 11/00; metal salts, see parent compounds) [2]