|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

CHEMISTRY

|  | C10 |
PETROLEUM, GAS AND COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

|  | C10G |
CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES FROM MATERIALS OTHER THAN HYDROCARBONS, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to well-defined hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C; cracking to cokes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES

|  | C10G 1/00 |
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal (mechanical winning of oil from oil-shales, oil-sand, and the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B)

|  | C10G 1/02 |
· | by distillation (destructive distillation of oil-shale Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B 53/06)

|  | C10G 1/04 |
· | by extraction

|  | C10G 1/06 |
· | by destructive hydrogenation

|  | C10G 1/08 |
· · | with moving catalysts

|  | C10G 1/10 |
· | from rubber or rubber waste

|  | C10G 3/00 |
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids (production from non-melting solid oxygen-containing carbonaceous materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 1/00; preparation of well-defined hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C)

|  | C10G 5/00 |
Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas

|  | C10G 5/02 |
· | with solid adsorbents

|  | C10G 5/04 |
· | with liquid absorbents

|  | C10G 5/06 |
· | by cooling or compressing

|  | C10G 7/00 |
Distillation of hydrocarbon oils (distillation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D)

|  | C10G 7/02 |
· | Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning

|  | C10G 7/04 |
· | De-watering

|  | C10G 9/00 - C10G 15/00 |
Cracking

|  | C10G 9/00 |
Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons, e.g. hydrocarbon oils, tar oils

|  | C10G 9/02 |
· | in retorts

|  | C10G 9/04 |
· · | Retorts

|  | C10G 9/06 |
· | by pressure distillation

|  | C10G 9/08 |
· · | Apparatus therefor

|  | C10G 9/10 |
· · · | Linings

|  | C10G 9/12 |
· · · | Removing incrustations

|  | C10G 9/14 |
· | in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means

|  | C10G 9/16 |
· · | Preventing or removing incrustations

|  | C10G 9/18 |
· · | Apparatus

|  | C10G 9/20 |
· · · | Tube furnaces

|  | C10G 9/22 |
· · · · | Linings

|  | C10G 9/24 |
· | by heating with electrical means

|  | C10G 9/26 |
· | with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run

|  | C10G 9/28 |
· | with preheated moving solid material

|  | C10G 9/30 |
· · | according to the "moving-bed" method

|  | C10G 9/32 |
· · | according to the "fluidised" technique

|  | C10G 9/34 |
· | by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts

|  | C10G 9/36 |
· · | with heated gases or vapours

|  | C10G 9/38 |
· · · | produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon [2]

|  | C10G 9/40 |
· | by indirect contact with preheated fluid other than hot combustion gases

|  | C10G 9/42 |
· | by passing the material to be cracked in thin streams or as spray on or near continuously heated surfaces

|  | C10G 9/44 |
· | Production of mixtures with high aromatic content

|  | C10G 9/46 |
· | Production of mixtures with high olefin content

|  | C10G 9/48 |
· | Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas

|  | C10G 11/00 |
Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils (cracking in direct contact with molten metals or salts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 9/34)

|  | C10G 11/02 |
· | with the use of specified catalysts

|  | C10G 11/04 |
· · | Oxidic catalysts

|  | C10G 11/06 |
· · | Sulphidic catalysts

|  | C10G 11/08 |
· · | Halides

|  | C10G 11/10 |
· | with stationary catalyst bed

|  | C10G 11/12 |
· | with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid catalysts, e.g. blast and run

|  | C10G 11/14 |
· | with preheated moving solid catalysts

|  | C10G 11/16 |
· · | according to the "moving-bed" method

|  | C10G 11/18 |
· · | according to the "fluidised" technique

|  | C10G 11/20 |
· | by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours

|  | C10G 11/22 |
· · | produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked

|  | C10G 11/24 |
· | Production of mixtures with high aromatic content

|  | C10G 11/26 |
· | Production of mixtures with high olefin content

|  | C10G 11/28 |
· | Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas

|  | C10G 13/00 |
Cracking, in the presence of hydrogen, of mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons (destructive hydrogenation of non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 1/06)

|  | C10G 13/02 |
· | with the use of specified catalysts

|  | C10G 13/04 |
· · | Oxidic catalysts

|  | C10G 13/06 |
· · | Sulphidic catalysts

|  | C10G 13/08 |
· · | Halides

|  | C10G 13/10 |
· · | containing metals of the platinum or palladium group

|  | C10G 13/12 |
· | with partial combustion of the material to be cracked

|  | C10G 13/14 |
· | with preheated moving solid materials

|  | C10G 13/16 |
· · | according to the "moving bed" method

|  | C10G 13/18 |
· · | according to the "fluidised" technique

|  | C10G 13/20 |
· | in the presence of hydrogen-producing compounds, e.g. NH3, H2S, H2O

|  | C10G 13/22 |
· · | with organic compounds

|  | C10G 13/24 |
· | Other methods of non-catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen

|  | C10G 13/26 |
· | Production of mixtures with high aromatic content

|  | C10G 13/28 |
· | Production of mixtures with high olefin content

|  | C10G 13/30 |
· | Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas

|  | C10G 15/00 |
Cracking mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons by electrical means, electromagnetic of mechanical vibrations, or by bombardments with subatomic particles, e.g. electrons

|  | C10G 15/02 |
· | Production of mixtures with high aromatic content

|  | C10G 15/04 |
· | Production of mixtures with high olefin content

|  | C10G 15/06 |
· | Production of combustible gases, e.g. oil gas

|  | C10G 17/00 - C10G 34/00 |
Refining

|  | C10G 17/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge (refining with "solid" acids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 29/18)

|  | C10G 17/02 |
· | with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge

|  | C10G 17/04 |
· · | liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases

|  | C10G 17/06 |
· · · | using acids derived from sulphur or acid sludge thereof

|  | C10G 17/08 |
· | with acid-forming oxides (refining with CO2 or SO2 as a selective solvent Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 21/06)

|  | C10G 17/10 |
· | Recovery of used refining agent

|  | C10G 19/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with alkalis or alkaline reacting compounds (in the presence of oxygen Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 27/06)

|  | C10G 19/02 |
· | with aqueous alkaline solutions

|  | C10G 19/04 |
· · | containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers

|  | C10G 19/06 |
· · | with plumbites or plumbates

|  | C10G 19/08 |
· | Recovery of used refining agent

|  | C10G 21/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures by extraction with selective solvents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 17/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 19/02 take precedence; dewaxing oils Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 43/08)

|  | C10G 21/02 |
· | with two or more solvents, which are introduced or withdrawn separately

|  | C10G 21/04 |
· · | by introducing simultaneously at least two immiscible solvents counter-current to each other

|  | C10G 21/06 |
· | with the use of specific selective solvents

|  | C10G 21/06 |
Note(s) A solvent is always classified in the last appropriate place.

|  | C10G 21/08 |
· · | essentially based on inorganic compounds

|  | C10G 21/10 |
· · · | sulphur dioxide

|  | C10G 21/12 |
· · | essentially based on organic compounds

|  | C10G 21/14 |
· · · | Hydrocarbons

|  | C10G 21/16 |
· · · | oxygen-containing compounds

|  | C10G 21/18 |
· · · | halogen-containing compounds

|  | C10G 21/20 |
· · · | nitrogen-containing compounds

|  | C10G 21/22 |
· · · | compounds containing sulphur, selenium, or tellurium

|  | C10G 21/24 |
· · · | phosphorus-containing compounds

|  | C10G 21/26 |
· · · | silicon-containing compounds

|  | C10G 21/28 |
· | Recovery of used solvent

|  | C10G 23/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds

|  | C10G 23/02 |
· | with the use of specified catalysts

|  | C10G 23/04 |
· · | containing metals of the platinum or palladium group

|  | C10G 23/06 |
· | with moving catalysts; with catalyst dispersed in the oil

|  | C10G 23/08 |
· · | according to the "moving bed" method

|  | C10G 23/10 |
· · | according to the "fluidised" technique

|  | C10G 23/12 |
· | with hydrogen-generating compounds

|  | C10G 23/14 |
· · | Autofining

|  | C10G 23/16 |
· | in the liquid phase, e.g. trickle technique (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 23/06 takes precedence)

|  | C10G 25/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with absorptive solids

|  | C10G 25/02 |
· | with ion-exchange material

|  | C10G 25/04 |
· · | with alkaline or alkaline earth aluminium silicates, e.g. molecular sieves

|  | C10G 25/06 |
· | with moving adsorbents

|  | C10G 25/08 |
· · | according to the "moving-bed" method

|  | C10G 25/10 |
· | in the vapour phase

|  | C10G 25/12 |
· | Recovery of used adsorbent

|  | C10G 27/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures by oxidation

|  | C10G 27/02 |
· | with halogen or compounds generating halogen; hypochlorous acid or salts thereof

|  | C10G 27/04 |
· | with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen

|  | C10G 27/06 |
· · | in the presence of alkaline solutions

|  | C10G 27/08 |
· · | in the presence of copper chloride

|  | C10G 29/00 |
Refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures with other chemicals with or without catalytic action

|  | C10G 29/02 |
· | with non-metals

|  | C10G 29/04 |
· | with metals with or without carriers

|  | C10G 29/06 |
· | with metal salts with or without carrier (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 29/12 takes precedence)

|  | C10G 29/08 |
· · | containing the metal in the lower valency

|  | C10G 29/10 |
· · | metal sulphides

|  | C10G 29/12 |
· | with halides

|  | C10G 29/14 |
· | with acid salts

|  | C10G 29/16 |
· | with metal oxides

|  | C10G 29/18 |
· | with "solid" acids, e.g. phosphoric acid deposited on a carrier

|  | C10G 29/20 |
· | with organic compounds not containing metal

|  | C10G 29/22 |
· · | containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

|  | C10G 29/24 |
· · · | aldehydes or ketones

|  | C10G 29/26 |
· · | halogenated hydrocarbons

|  | C10G 29/28 |
· · | containing carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur with or without oxygen, e.g. mercaptans

|  | C10G 31/00 |
Other methods of refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures (by distillation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 7/00; by dewatering or deemulsification Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 33/00)

|  | C10G 31/02 |
· | with electrical or magnetic means

|  | C10G 31/04 |
· | by irradiation or bombardments with subatomic particles

|  | C10G 31/06 |
· | by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment

|  | C10G 31/08 |
· | by treating with water

|  | C10G 31/10 |
· | with the aid of centrifugal force

|  | C10G 31/12 |
· | using micro-organism

|  | C10G 31/14 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 34/00 )

|  | C10G 33/00 |
De-watering or deemulsification of oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures (by distillation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 7/04)

|  | C10G 33/02 |
· | with electrical or magnetic means

|  | C10G 33/04 |
· | with chemical means

|  | C10G 33/06 |
· | with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration

|  | C10G 34/00 |
Multi-step processes for refining oils containing hydrocarbon mixtures (individual processes, see groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 17/00-C10G 33/06) [2]

|  | C10G 35/00 |
Reforming naphtha

|  | C10G 35/02 |
· | Thermal reforming

|  | C10G 35/04 |
· | Catalytic reforming

|  | C10G 35/06 |
· · | with the use of specified catalysts

|  | C10G 35/08 |
· · · | with platinum, palladium, silver, or gold

|  | C10G 35/10 |
· · | with moving catalysts

|  | C10G 35/12 |
· · · | according to the "moving-bed" method

|  | C10G 35/14 |
· · · | according to the "fluidised" technique

|  | C10G 35/16 |
· | with electric, electromagnetic, or mechanical vibrations; by bombardments with subatomic particles

|  | C10G 35/18 |
· | combined with refining

|  | C10G 35/20 |
· · | with solvent extraction

|  | C10G 37/00 |
Preparation of liquid hydrocarbons in multi-step processes in which at least one step consists of cracking

|  | C10G 37/02 |
· | consisting only of cracking steps

|  | C10G 37/04 |
· · | combined catalytic and non-catalytic steps

|  | C10G 37/06 |
· | cracking combined with other hydrocarbon conversion processes

|  | C10G 37/08 |
· · | combined with polymerisation

|  | C10G 37/10 |
· · | combined with reforming

|  | C10G 39/00 |
Preparation of liquid hydrocarbons in multi-step conversion processes in which at least one step consists of reforming (cracking combined with reforming Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 37/10)

|  | C10G 41/00 |
Preparation of mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils for lubricating purposes by methods not otherwise provided for

|  | C10G 41/02 |
· | thickening by voltolising (chemical modification of drying oils by voltolising Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09F 7/04)

|  | C10G 43/00 |
Recovery of refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax (compositions essentially based on waxes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08L 91/00)

|  | C10G 43/02 |
· | of petroleum waxes

|  | C10G 43/04 |
· · | Recovery from hydrocarbon oils

|  | C10G 43/06 |
· · · | with the use of filter aids

|  | C10G 43/08 |
· · · | with the use of solvents

|  | C10G 43/08 |
Note(s) A solvent is always classified in the last appropriate place.

|  | C10G 43/10 |
· · · · | essentially based on organic compounds

|  | C10G 43/12 |
· · · · · | on hydrocarbons

|  | C10G 43/14 |
· · · · · | on oxygen-containing compounds

|  | C10G 43/16 |
· · · · · | on halogen-containing compounds

|  | C10G 43/18 |
· · · · · | on nitrogen-containing compounds

|  | C10G 43/20 |
· · · · · | on compounds containing sulphur, selenium, or tellurium

|  | C10G 43/22 |
· · · · · | on phosphorus-containing compounds