|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

LIGHTING AND HEATING

|  | F23 |
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

|  | F23 |
Note(s) In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "Combustion" means the direct combination of oxygen gas, e.g. in air, and a burnable substance. Any other heat-producing combination of chemical substances, e.g. hydrogen peroxide and methane, iron oxide and aluminium, is provided for in Section C or in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24J. "Combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame. "Burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame. "Air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

|  | F23D |
BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23R)

|  | F23D 1/00 |
Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel (disposition of burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C)

|  | F23D 1/02 |
· | Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus

|  | F23D 1/04 |
· | Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action

|  | F23D 1/06 |
· | Burners producing sheet flames

|  | F23D 3/00 - F23D 11/00 |
Combustion of a liquid

|  | F23D 3/00 |
Burners using capillary action

|  | F23D 3/02 |
· | Wick burners

|  | F23D 3/04 |
· · | with flame spreaders (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 3/12 takes precedence)

|  | F23D 3/06 |
· · | Inverted wick burners, e.g. for illumination

|  | F23D 3/08 |
· · | characterised by shape, construction, or material, of wick

|  | F23D 3/10 |
· · | Blue-flame burners

|  | F23D 3/12 |
· · · | with flame spreaders

|  | F23D 3/14 |
· · · | with mixing of air and fuel vapour in a chamber before the flame

|  | F23D 3/16 |
· · | using candles (candles per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C11C)

|  | F23D 3/18 |
· · | Details of wick burners

|  | F23D 3/20 |
· · · | Flame spreaders

|  | F23D 3/22 |
· · · | Devices for mixing evaporated fuel with air

|  | F23D 3/24 |
· · · | Carriers for wicks

|  | F23D 3/26 |
· · · · | Safety devices thereon

|  | F23D 3/28 |
· · · | Wick-adjusting devices

|  | F23D 3/30 |
· · · · | directly engaging with the wick

|  | F23D 3/32 |
· · · · | engaging with a tube carrying the wick

|  | F23D 3/34 |
· · · · | Wick stop devices; Wick-fixing devices

|  | F23D 3/36 |
· · · | Devices for trimming wicks

|  | F23D 3/38 |
· · · | Devices for replacement of wicks

|  | F23D 3/40 |
· | the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies

|  | F23D 5/00 |
Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel

|  | F23D 5/02 |
· | the liquid forming a pool, e.g. bowl-type evaporators, dish-type evaporators

|  | F23D 5/04 |
· · | Pot-type evaporators, i.e. using a partially-enclosed combustion space

|  | F23D 5/06 |
· | the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces

|  | F23D 5/08 |
· · | on cascaded surfaces

|  | F23D 5/10 |
· · | on grids

|  | F23D 5/12 |
· | Details

|  | F23D 5/14 |
· · | Maintaining predetermined amount of fuel in evaporator

|  | F23D 5/16 |
· · | Safety devices

|  | F23D 5/18 |
· · | Preheating devices

|  | F23D 7/00 |
Burners in which drops of liquid fuel impinge on a surface

|  | F23D 9/00 |
Burners in which a stream of liquid fuel impinges intermittently on a hot surface

|  | F23D 11/00 |
Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space (spraying in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05D)

|  | F23D 11/02 |
· | the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure

|  | F23D 11/04 |
· | the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action

|  | F23D 11/06 |
· · | using a horizontal shaft

|  | F23D 11/08 |
· · | using a vertical shaft

|  | F23D 11/10 |
· | the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour

|  | F23D 11/12 |
· · | characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle

|  | F23D 11/14 |
· · · | with a single outlet, e.g. slit

|  | F23D 11/16 |
· · | in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed

|  | F23D 11/18 |
· · | the gaseous medium being water vapour generated at the nozzle

|  | F23D 11/20 |
· · · | the water vapour being superheated

|  | F23D 11/22 |
· · | the gaseous medium being vaporised fuel, e.g. for a soldering lamp

|  | F23D 11/24 |
· | by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space

|  | F23D 11/26 |
· · | with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed

|  | F23D 11/28 |
· · · | with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass

|  | F23D 11/30 |
· · · | with return feed of uncombusted sprayed fuel to reservoir

|  | F23D 11/32 |
· | by electrostatic means

|  | F23D 11/34 |
· | by ultrasonic means

|  | F23D 11/36 |
· | Details

|  | F23D 11/38 |
· · | Nozzles (nozzles in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B); Cleaning devices therefor

|  | F23D 11/40 |
· · | Mixing tubes; Burner heads

|  | F23D 11/42 |
· · | Starting devices (igniting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q)

|  | F23D 11/44 |
· · | Preheating devices; Vaporising devices

|  | F23D 11/46 |
· · | Devices on the vaporiser for controlling the feeding of the fuel

|  | F23D 13/00 - F23D 15/00 |
Burners for combustion of a gas or of gas stored under pressure as a liquid (joining metal by heat Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; welding processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K)

|  | F23D 13/00 |
Burners in which gaseous fuel is mixed with air before transfer to the combustion space

|  | F23D 13/02 |
· | with provision for a pilot flame

|  | F23D 13/04 |
· | in association with a gas source, e.g. acetylene generator, container for liquefied gas

|  | F23D 13/06 |
· | for cutting or welding of metal under water (nozzles for cutting metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 13/32)

|  | F23D 13/08 |
· | for heating liquids, e.g. for vaporising, for concentrating

|  | F23D 13/10 |
· | Bunsen burners

|  | F23D 13/12 |
· | for producing infra-red radiation

|  | F23D 13/14 |
· · | using screens or perforated ceramic plates

|  | F23D 13/16 |
· · | using permeable blocks

|  | F23D 13/18 |
· · | using catalysis for flameless combustion

|  | F23D 13/20 |
· | Flare stack burners

|  | F23D 13/22 |
· | Inverted burners, e.g. for illumination

|  | F23D 13/24 |
· | Details

|  | F23D 13/26 |
· · | Nozzles

|  | F23D 13/28 |
· · · | Cleaning devices therefor

|  | F23D 13/30 |
· · · | for torches; for blowpipes

|  | F23D 13/32 |
· · · · | for cutting of metal

|  | F23D 13/34 |
· · · | for spreading the flame over an area, e.g. for desurfacing of solid material, for surface hardening, for heating workpieces

|  | F23D 13/36 |
· · · | characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration

|  | F23D 13/38 |
· · | Devices for simultaneous control of gas and air (regulation of combustion in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23N)

|  | F23D 13/40 |
· · | Mixing devices; Mixing tubes

|  | F23D 13/42 |
· · | Preheating the air or gas

|  | F23D 13/44 |
· · | Treating the air or gas, e.g. by filtering; by moistening (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01)

|  | F23D 13/46 |
· · | Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply

|  | F23D 13/48 |
· · · | by selection of non-toxic gas, e.g. for Argand burners

|  | F23D 15/00 |
Burners in which gaseous fuel is mixed with air on arrival at the combustion space

|  | F23D 15/02 |
· | the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure

|  | F23D 15/04 |
· | Details

|  | F23D 17/00 - F23D 23/00 |
Other burners

|  | F23D 17/00 |
Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel

|  | F23D 19/00 |
Fluidised-bed burners, i.e. burners in which combustion takes place in a bed maintained in suspension by incoming air

|  | F23D 19/02 |
· | with a bed of inert material

|  | F23D 21/00 |
Burners not otherwise provided for

|  | F23D 23/00 |
Assemblies of two or more burners (provision of pilot burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23D 13/02; disposition of burners Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23C; for industrial furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)