B
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS
  
SHAPING
 B23
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles B21D; wire-working B21F; making pins, needles, or nails B21G; making chains B21L; grinding B24)
 B23

Note(s)

  1. In addition to operations not provided for in any other class, this class provides, in sub-class B23P, for combinations of operations provided for in different sub-classes of classes B21-B24, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single sub-class.
  2. In the following elaborations:
    1. The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise.
    2. The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding.
    3. The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe).
    4. The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe.
    5. The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machine for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines.
  3. Sub-class B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned.

    That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. F16, takes precedence.

 B23P
OTHER WORKING OF METAL; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS (arrangements for copying or controlling B23Q)
 B23P

Note(s)

  1. Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title B23.
  2. In interpreting the phrase "combined operations", the assembly of parts is regarded as an operation if it is not an essential feature of the next metal-working operation.
  3. The term "Working of metal" and equivalent terms are to be understood as covering non-mechanical treatment of metal so far as it is not provided for in a single other class such as C21D, C22C, C22F, C23. Thus, combinations of such treatment with other metal-working may be classified in this sub-class.
  4. In so far as non-mechanical treatments other than those specifically mentioned in this sub-class are concerned (see (2) above), non-metallic materials are excluded.
 B23P 1/00
Working of metal by electro-erosion, i.e. removing particles from metal objects by direct action of high concentrations of electric current applied by devices taking the place of tools; Other metal-working using the same technique (electrolytic or electrophoretic coating C25D; electrolytic etching or polishing C25F 3/00)
 B23P 1/02
·  Apparatus; Devices; Electric circuits
 B23P 1/04
·  ·  for performing electro-erosion within an electrolytic medium
 B23P 1/06
·  ·  for arc discharge
 B23P 1/08
·  ·  for spark discharge
 B23P 1/10
·  ·  for combined erosion procedures; for simultaneous erosion and mechanical working of metal (mechanical grinding or polishing B24)
 B23P 1/12
·  Electrodes; Moving or positioning electrodes relatively to work
 B23P 1/14
·  ·  Maintaining the desired spacing between electrodes and work
 B23P 1/16
·  Applications of particular working media, e.g. dielectrics, electrolytes
 B23P 1/18
·  for built-up working, e.g. hard facing
 B23P 1/20
·  for producing effects on surfaces, e.g. smoothing or roughening
 B23P 3/00
Plating metal; Joining metal workpieces by the same procedures (plating by extrusion B21C; procedures or apparatus covered by a single other sub-class, and not restricted to plating, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. B21D 39/00; by sintering metallic powder B22F; by adhesives F16B 11/00)
 B23P 3/02
·  by application of pressure only, or pressure and heat; Preparation of workpieces therefor
 B23P 3/04
·  ·  by means of a press
 B23P 3/06
·  ·  by passing through a rolling mill
 B23P 3/08
·  ·  by cold pressure welding
 B23P 3/09
·  ·  of blast pressure
 B23P 3/10
·  involving melting the metal of one layer
 B23P 3/12
·  Preventing air access during plating; Using protective gases or vacuum during plating (formed by means of an interposed layer of material B23P 3/14)
 B23P 3/14
·  by interposing a special layer, e.g. for absorbing or producing gas, favouring the formation of the connection of the parts
 B23P 3/16
·  Zonal plating by interposing weld-preventing substances between zones not to be welded
 B23P 3/18
·  ·  for making hollow objects of interjoined sheets or strips to be inflated or otherwise expanded (processes involving the inflation B21D); Pretreatments therefor
 B23P 3/20
·  of laminations of different materials, e.g. bimetallic strip, not covered by one of the preceding sub-groups
 B23P 3/22
·  Joining to specific portions of workpieces parts of another quality
 B23P 3/24
·  ·  Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to table ware
 B23P 3/26
·  ·  for forming the working portions of tools, e.g. cutting edges
 B23P 3/28
·  Special methods allowing subsequent separation, e.g. of metals of high quality from scrap material
 B23P 5/00
Setting gems or the like on metal parts, e.g. diamonds on tools
 B23P 7/00
Restoring or reconditioning objects (by casting B22D 19/10; procedures or apparatus covered by a single other sub-class, and not restricted to restoring or reconditioning, see the relevant sub-class)
 B23P 7/02
·  pistons or cylinders
 B23P 7/04
·  Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings
 B23P 9/00
Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings (treatment covered by a single other sub-class, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. B24C, C21D 7/00, C22F 1/00); Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
 B23P 9/02
·  Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling (B23P 9/04 takes precedence)
 B23P 9/04
·  Treating or finishing by hammering or applying repeated pressure
 B23P 11/00
Connecting metal parts or objects by metal-working procedures, not covered wholly by either B21J or B23K (B23P 3/00 takes precedence; connecting sheet metal or metal tubes, rods or profiles B21D 39/00; objects produced by methods not important per se, see the relevant subclasses dealing with the objects, e.g. B21F 15/00, B21L 19/00; hand tools for connecting wire or strip B25B 25/00; connecting metal parts by adhesives F16B 11/00)
 B23P 11/02
·  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
 B23P 13/00
Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other sub-class (making specific objects B23P 15/00)
 B23P 13/02
·  in which only the machining operations are important
 B23P 13/04
·  involving slicing of profiled material
 B23P 15/00
Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other sub-class or a group in this sub-class
 B23P 15/00

Note(s)

This group is to be understood as restricted to objects covered by its sub-groups.

 B23P 15/02
·  turbine or like blades from one piece
 B23P 15/04
·  turbine or like blades from several pieces
 B23P 15/06
·  piston rings from one piece
 B23P 15/08
·  piston rings from several pieces
 B23P 15/10
·  pistons
 B23P 15/12
·  gratings
 B23P 15/14
·  gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
 B23P 15/16
·  plates with holes of very small diameter e.g. for spinning or burner nozzles
 B23P 15/18
·  brake shoes
 B23P 15/20
·  railroad requirements, e.g. buffers
 B23P 15/22
·  cartridges or like shells
 B23P 15/24
·  dies (B21C 3/18, B21C 25/10, B21D 37/20 take precedence)
 B23P 15/26
·  heat exchangers or the like
 B23P 15/28
·  cutting tools (sawing tools B23D 63/00, B23D 65/00; files or rasps B23D 73/00)
 B23P 15/30
·  ·  lathe or like tools
 B23P 15/32
·  ·  twist-drills
 B23P 15/34
·  ·  milling cutters
 B23P 15/36
·  ·  ·  for thread cutting
 B23P 15/38
·  ·  planing or slotting tools (B23P 15/30 takes precedence)
 B23P 15/40
·  ·  shearing tools
 B23P 15/42
·  ·  broaching tools
 B23P 15/44
·  ·  scraping or shaving tools
 B23P 15/46
·  ·  reaming tools
 B23P 15/48
·  ·  threading tools (milling cutters for thread-cutting B23P 15/36)
 B23P 15/50
·  ·  ·  dies
 B23P 15/52
·  ·  ·  taps
 B23P 17/00
Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other sub-class or another group in this sub-class
 B23P 17/02
·  Single metal-working processes; Machines or apparatus therefor
 B23P 17/04
·  characterised by the nature of the material involved or the kind of product independently of its shape
 B23P 17/06
·  ·  Making steel wool or the like
 B23P 19/00
Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation (interference fits B23P 11/00); Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes (hand tools in general B25)
 B23P 19/02
·  for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
 B23P 19/04
·  for assembling or disassembling parts
 B23P 19/06
·  ·  Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
 B23P 19/08
·  ·  Machines for placing washers, circlips, or the like on bolts or other members
 B23P 21/00
Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
 B23P 23/00
Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other sub-class (if the particular kinds of operation are not essential B23Q 37/00-B23Q 41/00; features relating to operations covered by a single sub-class, see the relevant sub-class for the operation)
 B23P 23/02
·  Machine tools for performing different machining operations (lathes, e.g. capstan lathes, B23B; combined horizontal boring and milling machines B23B 39/02)
 B23P 23/04
·  for both machining and other metal-working operations
 B23P 23/06
·  Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
 B23P 25/00
Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress