B
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS
  
SHAPING
 B23
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles B21D; wire-working B21F; making pins, needles, or nails B21G; making chains B21L; grinding B24)
 B23

Note(s)

  1. In addition to operations not provided for in any other class, this class provides, in sub-class B23P, for combinations of operations provided for in different sub-classes of classes B21-B24, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single sub-class.
  2. In the following elaborations:
    1. The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise.
    2. The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding.
    3. The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe).
    4. The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe.
    5. The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machine for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines.
  3. Sub-class B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned.

    That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. F16, takes precedence.

 B23F
MAKING GEARS AND TOOTHED RACKS (by stamping B21D; by rolling B21H; by forging or pressing B21K; by casting B22; arrangements for copying or controlling B23Q)
 B23F

Note(s)

This sub-class includes primarily the use of methods and apparatus specially designed to produce accurately the shapes of gear teeth which are essential for proper intermeshing of toothed gearing elements to ensure the required relative motions. It also includes the use of similar methods and apparatus in the production of other articles of toothed or like form, e.g. dog clutches, splined shafts, milling cutters, but the production of such articles using other methods and apparatus is not included.

In this sub-class:

  1. The term "gear teeth" is to be understood as covering the teeth or lobes of other accurately-intermeshing members having relative movement of a similar kind, such as rotors of rotary pumps and blowers.
  2. The term "profile" may include the outline of both faces or only one face of a tooth, or the opposing faces of adjacent teeth.
  3. The term "straight" means that a tooth as a whole (ignoring any curvature of the tooth-face alone, e.g. crowning) is straight in the direction of its length, for example as seen in the direction of a radius of a spur wheel. It accordingly includes the teeth of helical gears and of the normal type of bevel gear.
  4. "Broach-milling" means milling with a rotary cutter having a number of teeth of progressively increasing depth or width.

 B23F 1/00
Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface (special adaptations for making curved teeth B23F 9/00)
 B23F 1/02
·  by grinding
 B23F 1/04
·  by planing or slotting
 B23F 1/06
·  by milling
 B23F 1/08
·  by broaching; by broach-milling
 B23F 3/00
Making gear teeth involving copying operations controlled by templates having a profile which matches that of the required tooth face or part thereof or a copy thereof to a different scale (copying systems or devices per se B23Q 35/00)
 B23F 5/00
Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
 B23F 5/02
·  by grinding
 B23F 5/04
·  ·  the tool being a grinding worm
 B23F 5/06
·  ·  the tool being a grinding disc with a plane front surface
 B23F 5/08
·  ·  the tool being a grinding disc having the same profile as the tooth or teeth of a rack
 B23F 5/10
·  ·  the tool being a grinding disc having the same profile as the tooth or teeth of a crown or bevel wheel
 B23F 5/12
·  by planing or slotting
 B23F 5/14
·  ·  the tool having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack
 B23F 5/16
·  ·  the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof
 B23F 5/18
·  ·  the tool having the same profile as a tooth of a crown wheel
 B23F 5/20
·  by milling
 B23F 5/22
·  ·  the tool being a hob for making spur gears
 B23F 5/24
·  ·  the tool being a hob for making bevel gears
 B23F 5/26
·  ·  the tool having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack, for making spur gears
 B23F 5/27
·  ·  the tool having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a crown or bevel wheel  [2]
 B23F 5/28
·  by broaching; by broach-milling
 B23F 7/00
Making herring-bone gear teeth
 B23F 9/00
Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
 B23F 9/02
·  by grinding
 B23F 9/04
·  by planing or slotting with reciprocating cutting tools
 B23F 9/06
·  ·  having a shape similar to a spur wheel of part thereof
 B23F 9/07
·  ·  having a shape similar to a crown wheel or a part thereof  [2]
 B23F 9/08
·  by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
 B23F 9/10
·  ·  with a face-mill
 B23F 9/12
·  ·  ·  for non-continuous generating processes  [2]
 B23F 9/14
·  ·  ·  for continuous generating processes  [2]
 B23F 11/00
Making worm wheels, e.g. by hobbing
 B23F 13/00
Making worms by methods essentially requiring the use of machines of the gear-cutting type (making screw-thread B23G)
 B23F 13/02
·  Making worms of cylindrical shape
 B23F 13/04
·  ·  by grinding
 B23F 13/06
·  Making worms of globoidal shape
 B23F 13/08
·  ·  by grinding
 B23F 15/00
Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by B23F 7/00-B23F 13/00
 B23F 15/02
·  Making gear teeth on wheels of varying radius of operation, e.g. on elliptical wheels
 B23F 15/04
·  Making fine-pitch gear teeth on clock wheels or the like by special machining
 B23F 15/06
·  Making gear teeth on the front surface of wheels, e.g. for clutches or couplings with toothed faces
 B23F 15/08
·  Making intermeshing rotors, e.g. of pumps
 B23F 17/00
Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
 B23F 19/00
Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
 B23F 19/02
·  Lapping gear teeth
 B23F 19/04
·  ·  Lapping spur gears by making use of a correspondingly shaped counterpart
 B23F 19/05
·  Honing gear teeth  [2]
 B23F 19/06
·  Shaving the faces of gear teeth
 B23F 19/08
( covered by B23F 19/06 )
 B23F 19/10
·  Chamfering the end edges of gear teeth
 B23F 19/12
·  ·  by grinding
 B23F 21/00
Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
 B23F 21/02
·  Grinding discs; Grinding worms (truing grinding tools B24B; grinding tools in general B24D)
 B23F 21/03
·  Honing tools  [2]
 B23F 21/04
·  Planing or slotting tools
 B23F 21/06
·  ·  having a profile which matches a gear tooth profile
 B23F 21/08
·  ·  having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack
 B23F 21/10
·  ·  Gear-shaper cutters having a shape similar to a spur wheel or part thereof
 B23F 21/12
·  Milling tools
 B23F 21/14
·  ·  Profile cutters of disc type
 B23F 21/16
·  ·  Hobs
 B23F 21/18
·  ·  ·  Taper hobs, e.g. for bevel gears
 B23F 21/20
·  ·  Fly cutters
 B23F 21/22
·  ·  Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth
 B23F 21/23
·  ·  ·  with cutter teeth arranged on a spiral curve for continuous generating processes  [2]
 B23F 21/24
·  Broach-milling tools
 B23F 21/26
·  Broaching tools
 B23F 21/28
·  Shaving cutters
 B23F 23/00
Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines (tool-guiding mechanisms, see the relevant groups for making gear teeth; accessories or equipment not restricted to gear-cutting machines B23Q)
 B23F 23/02
·  Loading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
 B23F 23/04
·  ·  Loading arrangements
 B23F 23/06
·  ·  Chucking arrangements
 B23F 23/08
·  Index mechanisms
 B23F 23/10
·  Arrangements for compensating irregularities in drives or indexing mechanisms
 B23F 23/11
·  Arrangements of abrasive wheel dressing devices on machines (dressing devices per se B24B 53/00)  [2]
 B23F 23/12
·  Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth