|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

ENGINES AND PUMPS

|  | F01 |
MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02; machines for liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES

|  | F01D |
NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES

|  | F01D |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01, especially as regards the definitions of "reaction type" and "impulse type". The subject-matter of this sub-class comprises: non-positive-displacement engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam turbines, non-positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids, non-positive-displacement machines for elastic fluids, non-positive-displacement machines for liquids and elastic fluids.

|  | F01D 1/00 |
Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines (with working-fluid flows in opposite axial directions for balancing axial thrust Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 3/02; with other than pure rotation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 23/00; turbines characterised by their use in special steam systems, cycles, or processes, regulating devices therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K)

|  | F01D 1/02 |
· | with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines (of reaction type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 1/18)

|  | F01D 1/04 |
· · | traversed by the fluid substantially axially

|  | F01D 1/06 |
· · | traversed by the fluid substantially radially

|  | F01D 1/08 |
· · · | having inward flow

|  | F01D 1/10 |
· · | having two or more stages subjected to working-fluid flow without essential intermediate pressure change, i.e. with velocity stages (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 1/12 takes precedence)

|  | F01D 1/12 |
· · | with repeated action on same blade ring

|  | F01D 1/14 |
· · · | traversed by the fluid substantially radially

|  | F01D 1/16 |
· · | characterised by having both reaction stages and impulse stages

|  | F01D 1/18 |
· | of reaction type (with pressure-velocity transformation exclusively in rotor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 1/32)

|  | F01D 1/20 |
· · | traversed by the fluid substantially axially

|  | F01D 1/22 |
· · | traversed by the fluid substantially radially

|  | F01D 1/24 |
· | characterised by counter-rotating rotors subjected to same working-fluid stream without intermediate stator blades or the like

|  | F01D 1/26 |
· · | traversed by the fluid substantially axially

|  | F01D 1/28 |
· · | traversed by the fluid substantially radially

|  | F01D 1/30 |
· | characterised by having a single rotor operable in either direction of rotation, e.g. by reversing of blades (combinations of machines or engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 13/00)

|  | F01D 1/32 |
· | with pressure-velocity transformation exclusively in rotor

|  | F01D 1/34 |
· | characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes (sirens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10)

|  | F01D 1/36 |
· · | using fluid friction

|  | F01D 3/00 |
Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working fluid

|  | F01D 3/02 |
· | characterised by having one fluid flow in one axial direction and another fluid flow in the opposite direction

|  | F01D 3/04 |
· | axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like

|  | F01D 5/00 |
Blades; Blade-carrying members (nozzle boxes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 9/02); Heating, heat-insulating, cooling, or antivibration means on the blades or the members

|  | F01D 5/02 |
· | Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors (rotors of non-bladed type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 1/34; stators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 9/00)

|  | F01D 5/04 |
· · | for radial-flow machines or engines

|  | F01D 5/06 |
· · | Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple-disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections

|  | F01D 5/08 |
· · | Heating, heat-insulating, or cooling means

|  | F01D 5/10 |
· · | Antivibration means

|  | F01D 5/12 |
· | Blades (blade roots Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 5/30; rotors with blades adjustable in operation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 7/00; stator blades Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 9/02)

|  | F01D 5/14 |
· · | Form or construction (selecting particular materials, measures against erosion or corrosion Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 5/28)

|  | F01D 5/16 |
· · · | for counteracting blade vibration

|  | F01D 5/18 |
· · · | Hollow blades; Heating, heat-insulating, or cooling means on blades

|  | F01D 5/20 |
· · · | Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator

|  | F01D 5/22 |
· · | Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. by shrouding

|  | F01D 5/24 |
· · · | using wire or the like

|  | F01D 5/26 |
· · | Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections

|  | F01D 5/28 |
· · | Selecting particular materials; Measures against erosion or corrosion

|  | F01D 5/30 |
· | Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots

|  | F01D 5/32 |
· · | Locking, e.g. by final locking-blades or keys

|  | F01D 5/34 |
· | Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction

|  | F01D 7/00 |
Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof (for reversing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 1/30)

|  | F01D 7/02 |
· | having adjustment responsive to speed

|  | F01D 9/00 |
Stators (non-fluid guiding aspects of casings, regulating, controlling, or safety aspects, see the relevant groups)

|  | F01D 9/02 |
· | Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits

|  | F01D 9/04 |
· · | forming ring or sector

|  | F01D 9/06 |
· | Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like

|  | F01D 11/00 |
Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages (sealings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16J)

|  | F01D 11/02 |
· | by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type (for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 11/08)

|  | F01D 11/04 |
· · | using sealing fluid, e.g. steam

|  | F01D 11/06 |
· · · | Control thereof

|  | F01D 11/08 |
· | for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator (specially-shaped blade tips therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 5/20)

|  | F01D 11/10 |
· · | using sealing fluid, e.g. steam

|  | F01D 13/00 |
Combinations of two or more machines or engines (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 15/00 takes precedence; regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups; combinations of two or more pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04; fluid gearing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H)

|  | F01D 13/02 |
· | Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines

|  | F01D 15/00 |
Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups; aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for the devices)

|  | F01D 15/02 |
· | Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangement in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes)

|  | F01D 15/04 |
· · | the vehicles being waterborne vessels

|  | F01D 15/06 |
· | Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like

|  | F01D 15/08 |
· | Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps

|  | F01D 15/10 |
· | Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators

|  | F01D 15/12 |
· | Combinations with mechanical gearing (driven by multiple engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 13/00)

|  | F01D 17/00 |
Regulating or controlling by varying flow (for reversing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 1/30; by varying rotor blade position Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 7/00; specially for starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 19/00; shutting-down Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 21/00; regulating or controlling in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05)

|  | F01D 17/02 |
· | Sensing elements

|  | F01D 17/04 |
· · | responsive to load

|  | F01D 17/06 |
· · | responsive to speed

|  | F01D 17/08 |
· · | responsive to condition of working fluid, e.g. pressure

|  | F01D 17/10 |
· | Final actuators

|  | F01D 17/12 |
· · | arranged in stator parts

|  | F01D 17/14 |
· · · | varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits

|  | F01D 17/16 |
· · · · | by means of nozzle vanes

|  | F01D 17/18 |
· · · | varying effective number of nozzles or guide conduits

|  | F01D 17/20 |
· | Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted (sensing elements alone Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 17/02; final actuators alone Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 17/10)

|  | F01D 17/22 |
· · | the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical

|  | F01D 17/24 |
· · · | electrical

|  | F01D 17/26 |
· · · | fluid, e.g. hydraulic

|  | F01D 19/00 |
Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith (warming-up before starting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 25/10; turning or inching gear Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 25/34)

|  | F01D 19/02 |
· | dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine casing

|  | F01D 21/00 |
Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for

|  | F01D 21/02 |
· | Shutting-down responsive to overspeed

|  | F01D 21/04 |
· | responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator, e.g. indicating such position

|  | F01D 21/06 |
· · | Shutting-down

|  | F01D 21/08 |
· · | Restoring position

|  | F01D 21/10 |
· | responsive to unwanted deposits on blades, in working-fluid conduits, or the like

|  | F01D 21/12 |
· | responsive to temperature

|  | F01D 21/14 |
· | responsive to other specific conditions

|  | F01D 21/16 |
· | Trip gear

|  | F01D 21/18 |
· · | involving hydraulic means

|  | F01D 21/20 |
· | Checking operation of shut-down devices

|  | F01D 23/00 |
Non-positive-displacement machines or engines with movement other than pure rotation, e.g. of endless-chain type

|  | F01D 25/00 |
Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups

|  | F01D 25/02 |
· | De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena

|  | F01D 25/04 |
· | Antivibration arrangements

|  | F01D 25/06 |
· · | for preventing blade vibration (means on blade-carrying members or blades Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 5/00)

|  | F01D 25/08 |
· | Cooling (of machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P); Heating; Heat insulation (of blade-carrying members, of blades Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 5/00)

|  | F01D 25/10 |
· · | Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting

|  | F01D 25/12 |
· · | Cooling

|  | F01D 25/14 |
· · | Casings modified therefor (double casings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 25/26)

|  | F01D 25/16 |
· | Bearings arrangement of bearings or adaptations (bearings per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C)

|  | F01D 25/18 |
· | Lubricating arrangements (of machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M)

|  | F01D 25/20 |
· · | using lubrication pumps

|  | F01D 25/22 |
· · | using working fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant

|  | F01D 25/24 |
· | Casings (modified for heating or cooling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D 25/14); Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings (casings for rotary machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16M)

|  | F01D 25/26 |
· · | Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings

|  | F01D 25/28 |
· | Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing

|  | F01D 25/30 |
· | Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like

|  | F01D 25/32 |
· | Collecting of condensation water; Drainage

|  | F01D 25/34 |
· | Turning or inching gear

|  | F01D 25/36 |
· · | using electric motors