|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01D |
INDICATING OR RECORDING IN CONNECTION WITH MEASURING IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUB-CLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (means structurally associated with lightning or other overvoltage discharging apparatus for recording the operation thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; displaying information in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F; recording in a way which requires playback through a transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B)

|  | G01D |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). This sub-class includes: devices for indicating or recording the results of measurements, not peculiar to variables covered in a single other sub-class; analogous apparatus but in which the input is not a variable to be measured, e.g. a hand operation; details of measuring instruments, which are of general interest; measurement transducers not adapted solely for the measurement of a single specified variable and not provided for elsewhere; measuring or testing not otherwise provided for.

|  | G01D 1/00 |
Indicating or recording apparatus giving results other than momentary value of variable, of general application (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 3/00 takes precedence; in tariff metering apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 4/00; computing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G01D 1/02 |
· | giving mean values, e.g. root mean square values (measuring root mean square values of currents or voltages Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 19/02)

|  | G01D 1/04 |
· | giving integrated values (giving mean values Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 1/02)

|  | G01D 1/06 |
· · | by intermittent summation

|  | G01D 1/08 |
· · · | over fixed periods of time

|  | G01D 1/10 |
· | giving differentiated values

|  | G01D 1/12 |
· | giving a maximum or minimum of a value

|  | G01D 1/14 |
· | giving a distribution function of a value, i.e. number of times the value comes within specified ranges of amplitude

|  | G01D 1/16 |
· | giving a value which is a function of two or more values, e.g. product, ratio

|  | G01D 3/00 |
Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the sub-groups of this group

|  | G01D 3/02 |
· | with provision for altering or correcting the law of variation

|  | G01D 3/04 |
· | with provision for compensating the effects of temperature

|  | G01D 3/06 |
· | with provision for operation by a null method

|  | G01D 3/08 |
· | with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown

|  | G01D 3/10 |
· | with provision for switching-in of additional or auxiliary indicators or recorders

|  | G01D 4/00 |
Tariff metering apparatus (tariff meters for measuring the time integral of electric power or current Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 11/56; in taximeters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07B 13/08; coin-freed mechanisms therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07F)

|  | G01D 4/02 |
· | Details

|  | G01D 4/04 |
· · | Resetting-mechanisms, e.g. for indicating members (for mechanical counters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M 1/28)

|  | G01D 4/06 |
· · | Arrangement of clutches between driving and indicating member, e.g. of hysteresis clutch (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 4/04 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 4/08 |
· · | Transfer of indication from a counter into a summing counter (mechanical counters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M)

|  | G01D 4/10 |
· | Maximum indicating or recording apparatus, i.e. where the tariff for a period is based on a maximum demand within that period

|  | G01D 4/12 |
· · | Apparatus for indicating or recording progressive maximum

|  | G01D 4/14 |
· · | Fixed-demand indicating or recording apparatus, i.e. where indication is made when a predetermined quantity has been consumed during a time interval greater or less than a predetermined time interval

|  | G01D 4/16 |
· | Apparatus for indicating or recording maximum or minimum load hours

|  | G01D 4/18 |
· | Apparatus for indicating or recording overconsumption with opposing torque which comes into effect when a predetermined level is exceeded, e.g. subtraction meters

|  | G01D 5/00 |
Transferring the output of the sensing member to the indicating or recording part; Means for converting the output of the sensing member into a different variable (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 3/00 takes precedence; specially adapted for apparatus giving results other than momentary value of variable Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 1/00; sensing members, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01; specially adapted for high voltage or high current measuring arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 15/02; self-balancing bridges Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R 17/00; arrangements not specific for indicating or recording measured values Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08C; multiplex signal transmission Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08C 15/00; selectively calling up a substation from a main station Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 9/00)

|  | G01D 5/00 |
Note(s) The sub-groups below are distinguished by the means of transfer which is of major importance. Thus the mere application of other means for giving a final indication does not affect the classification.

|  | G01D 5/02 |
· | characterised by mechanical transfer means

|  | G01D 5/04 |
· · | by levers; by cams; by gearing (gearing in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16)

|  | G01D 5/06 |
· · | acting through a wall or enclosure, e.g. by bellows, by magnetic coupling (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16)

|  | G01D 5/08 |
· · | Reducing the effects of friction, e.g. by applying vibrations

|  | G01D 5/10 |
· · | Applying external forces to increase force available for operation of indicating or recording part

|  | G01D 5/12 |
· | characterised by electric or magnetic transfer means

|  | G01D 5/14 |
· · | influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage

|  | G01D 5/16 |
· · · | by varying resistance

|  | G01D 5/18 |
· · · | by varying effective impedance of discharge tubes or semiconductor devices

|  | G01D 5/20 |
· · · | by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature

|  | G01D 5/22 |
· · · · | differentially influencing two coils

|  | G01D 5/24 |
· · · | by varying capacitance

|  | G01D 5/242 |
· · · | by varying output of an electrodynamic device, e.g. of a tachodynamo

|  | G01D 5/243 |
· · | influencing the phase or frequency of ac

|  | G01D 5/244 |
· · | influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains

|  | G01D 5/245 |
· · · | using a variable number of pulses in a train

|  | G01D 5/246 |
· · · | by varying the duration of individual pulses

|  | G01D 5/247 |
· · · | using time shifts of pulses

|  | G01D 5/248 |
· · · | by varying pulse repetition frequency

|  | G01D 5/249 |
· · · | using pulse code

|  | G01D 5/25 |
· · | Selecting one or more conductors or channels from a plurality of conductors or channels, e.g. by closing contacts

|  | G01D 5/251 |
· · · | one conductor or channel

|  | G01D 5/252 |
· · · | a combination of conductors or channels

|  | G01D 5/26 |
· | characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infra-red, visible or ultra-violet light

|  | G01D 5/28 |
· · | with beams of light deflected by the sensing element, e.g. for direct optical indication (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/40 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 5/30 |
· · · | and detected by photocells

|  | G01D 5/32 |
· · | with beams of light wholly or partly obturated by sensing element (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/40 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 5/34 |
· · · | and detected by photocells

|  | G01D 5/36 |
· · · · | Forming the light into pulses

|  | G01D 5/38 |
· · · · · | by diffraction gratings

|  | G01D 5/39 |
· · | Scanning a visible indication of the measured value and reproducing this indication at a remote place, e.g. on the screen of a cathode-ray tube

|  | G01D 5/40 |
· · | specially adapted for use with infra-red light

|  | G01D 5/42 |
· | characterised by fluid transfer means

|  | G01D 5/44 |
· · | by jets of fluid

|  | G01D 5/46 |
· · · | by deflecting or throttling the flow

|  | G01D 5/48 |
· | characterised by transfer means using wave or particle radiation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/26 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 5/50 |
· · | derived from a radioactive source

|  | G01D 5/52 |
· · · | detected by a counter tube

|  | G01D 5/54 |
· | characterised by the combination of transfer means specified in two or more of sub-groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/42, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/48

|  | G01D 5/54 |
Note(s) Inventions are only classified in this group if no other group can be selected as being predominantly applicable. In classifying a combination of two or more of the means specified, the first applicable one of the sub-groups below takes precedence over any others of these sub-groups.

|  | G01D 5/56 |
· · | by electric or magnetic means

|  | G01D 5/58 |
· · | by optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible or ultra-violet light

|  | G01D 5/60 |
· · | by fluid means

|  | G01D 5/62 |
· · | by wave or particle means not covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/58

|  | G01D 7/00 |
Indicating measured values

|  | G01D 7/02 |
· | Indicating value of two or more variables simultaneously

|  | G01D 7/04 |
· · | using a separate indicating element for each variable

|  | G01D 7/06 |
· · · | Luminous indications projected on a common screen

|  | G01D 7/08 |
· · | using a common indicating element for two or more variables

|  | G01D 7/10 |
· · · | giving indication in co-ordinate form

|  | G01D 7/12 |
· | Audible indication of meter readings, e.g. for the blind [2]

|  | G01D 9/00 |
Recording measured values

|  | G01D 9/02 |
· | Producing one or more recordings of the values of a single variable

|  | G01D 9/04 |
· · | with provision for multiple or alternative recording

|  | G01D 9/06 |
· · · | Multiple recording, e.g. duplicating

|  | G01D 9/08 |
· · · · | giving both graphical and numerical recording

|  | G01D 9/10 |
· · | the recording element, e.g. stylus, being controlled in accordance with the variable, and the recording medium, e.g. paper roll, being controlled in accordance with time

|  | G01D 9/12 |
· · · | recording occurring continuously

|  | G01D 9/14 |
· · · · | with provision for altering speed of recording medium in accordance with the magnitude of the variable to be recorded

|  | G01D 9/16 |
· · · | recording occurring at separated intervals, e.g. by chopper bar

|  | G01D 9/18 |
· · · · | recording element actuated only upon change in value of variable

|  | G01D 9/20 |
· · | the recording element, e.g. stylus, being controlled in accordance with time and the recording medium, e.g. paper roll, being controlled in accordance with the variable

|  | G01D 9/22 |
· · · | recording occurring continuously

|  | G01D 9/24 |
· · · | recording occurring at separated intervals, e.g. by chopper bar

|  | G01D 9/26 |
· · | either the recording element, e.g. stylus, or the recording medium, e.g. paper roll, being controlled in accordance with both time and the variable

|  | G01D 9/28 |
· | Producing one or more recordings, each recording being of the values of two or more different variables (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 9/38, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 9/40 take precedence)

|  | G01D 9/30 |
· · | there being a separate recording element for each variable, e.g. multiple-pen recorder

|  | G01D 9/32 |
· · | there being a common recording element for two or more variables

|  | G01D 9/34 |
· · · | the variables being recorded in predetermined sequence

|  | G01D 9/36 |
· · · · | in separate columns

|  | G01D 9/38 |
· | Producing one or more recordings, each recording being produced by controlling the recording element, e.g. stylus, in accordance with one variable and controlling the recording medium, e.g. paper roll, in accordance with another variable

|  | G01D 9/40 |
· | Producing one or more recordings, each recording being produced by controlling either the recording element, e.g. stylus, or the recording medium, e.g. paper roll, in accordance with two or more variables

|  | G01D 9/42 |
· | Recording indications of measuring instruments by photographic means, e.g. of counters

|  | G01D 11/00 |
Component parts of indicating or recording apparatus, of general application (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 15/00 take precedence)

|  | G01D 11/02 |
· | Bearings or suspensions for moving parts (bearings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C)

|  | G01D 11/04 |
· · | Knive-edge bearings

|  | G01D 11/06 |
· · | Strip or thread suspensions, e.g. in tension

|  | G01D 11/08 |
· | Elements for balancing moving parts

|  | G01D 11/10 |
· | Elements for damping the movement of parts

|  | G01D 11/12 |
· · | using fluid damping

|  | G01D 11/14 |
· · | using magnetic induction damping

|  | G01D 11/16 |
· | Elements for restraining or preventing the movement of parts, e.g. for zeroising (caging of moving parts when not in use Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 11/20)

|  | G01D 11/18 |
· · | Springs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 11/06 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 11/20 |
· | Caging devices for moving parts when not in use

|  | G01D 11/22 |
· · | automatically actuated

|  | G01D 11/24 |
· | Housings

|  | G01D 11/26 |
· · | Windows; Cover glasses; Sealings therefor

|  | G01D 11/28 |
· | Structurally-combined illuminating devices

|  | G01D 11/30 |
· | Supports specially adapted for an instrument; Supports specially adapted for a set of instruments (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16M; specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, see the relevant sub-classes)

|  | G01D 13/00 |
Component parts of indicating or recording apparatus, of general application for indication

|  | G01D 13/02 |
· | Scales; Dials

|  | G01D 13/04 |
· · | Construction

|  | G01D 13/06 |
· · · | Moving bands (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 13/10 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 13/08 |
· · · | Rotating drums (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 13/10 takes precedence)

|  | G01D 13/10 |
· · · | with adjustable scales; with auxiliary scales, e.g. vernier

|  | G01D 13/12 |
· · | Graduation

|  | G01D 13/14 |
· · · | for rotations of more than 360°

|  | G01D 13/16 |
· · · | with staggered markings

|  | G01D 13/18 |
· · · | with raised or recessed markings

|  | G01D 13/20 |
· · · | with luminescent markings

|  | G01D 13/22 |
· | Pointers, e.g. settable pointer

|  | G01D 13/24 |
· · | for indicating a maximum or minimum

|  | G01D 13/26 |
· · | adapted to perform a further operation, e.g. making electrical contact

|  | G01D 13/28 |
· · | with luminescent markings

|  | G01D 15/00 |
Component parts of indicating or recording apparatus, of general application for recording

|  | G01D 15/02 |
· | Styli or other recording elements acting to deform the recording surface mechanically (by printing without ink Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 15/20)

|  | G01D 15/04 |
· · | acting to punch holes in the recording surface

|  | G01D 15/06 |
· | Electric recording elements, e.g. electrolytic

|  | G01D 15/08 |
· · | for spark erosion

|  | G01D 15/10 |
· | Heated recording elements acting on heat-sensitive layers

|  | G01D 15/12 |
· | Magnetic recording elements

|  | G01D 15/14 |
· | Optical recording elements; Recording elements using X- or nuclear radiation

|  | G01D 15/16 |
· | Recording elements transferring recording material, e.g. ink, to the recording surface (by printing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 15/20; writing appliances in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K)

|  | G01D 15/18 |
· · | Nozzles emitting recording material

|  | G01D 15/20 |
· | Printing recording elements

|  | G01D 15/22 |
· | Chopper bars for bringing recording element into contact with recording surface

|  | G01D 15/24 |
· | Drives for recording elements and surfaces, not covered by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 5/00

|  | G01D 15/26 |
· · | operating by clockwork (clockworks per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C)

|  | G01D 15/28 |
· | Holding means for recording surfaces; Guiding means for recording surfaces; Exchanging means for recording surfaces

|  | G01D 15/30 |
· · | for foldable strip charts

|  | G01D 15/32 |
· · | for circular charts

|  | G01D 15/34 |
· | Recording surfaces

|  | G01D 18/00 |
Testing or calibrating of indicating or recording apparatus

|  | G01D 21/00 |
Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for

|  | G01D 21/02 |
· | Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other sub-class

|  | G01D 21/04 |
· | Detecting presence of a body not otherwise provided for [2]