|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

CHEMISTRY

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulphides, and oxysulphides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid and salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00)

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Note(s) Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 87/52), sodium oxalate is classified as oxalic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/06), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F— the alcoholates in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/00. Salts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified as the compound providing the essential ion with secondary classification as the compound providing the other ion. In the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is always classified in the last appropriate place in the classification system, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a sterol is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/25, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/26), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Albumens, proteins, alkaloids of unknown structure, glucosides of unknown structure are examples of compounds to be found unter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G. Inventions dealing with chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation should be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed when such groups exist. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed when such groups exist. The compounds prepared may be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of compounds prepared.

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GENERAL METHODS AND APPARATUS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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Hydrogenation

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Oxidation; Dehydrogenation

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Dehydration, i.e. removal of the elements of water from organic substances

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· | from at least two molecules

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Hydrolysis

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Halogenation

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Nitration

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Sulphonation

|  | C07B 13/02 |
· | by reacting with sulphonating agents

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· | by oxidising sulphides, thiocyanates, or other compounds containing sulphur

|  | C07B 13/06 |
· | Sulphonating apparatus

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Diels-Alder reactions

|  | C07B 17/00 |
Grignard reactions

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Separation of one or both optically-active isomers from a racemic mixture

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· | by microbiological processes

|  | C07B 20/00 |
Racemisation of optically-active compounds [2]

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Separation of organic compounds by forming complex molecular compounds, e.g. with urea

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Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds

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Decarboxylation

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Introduction of a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical by forming a new carbon-to-carbon bond, e.g. alkylation

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Other general methods (telomerisation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F)

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· | Minor chemical modification of existing molecules by microbiological processes

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· | Generation of organic free radicals

|  | C07B 29/06 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00 )