|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS

SHAPING

|  | B31 |
MAKING PAPER ARTICLES; WORKING PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B; handling thin material, e.g. sheets, webs, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | B31 |
Note(s) The word "paper" in this class is to be interpreted as covering material worked in a manner analogous to paper, e.g. plastic sheet materials, laminated materials or metal foils. This class does not include making articles directly from paper pulp, which is covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21J. This class is to be understood as restricted to adaptations or associations of handling sheets, webs, or blanks peculiar to paper-working, e.g. bag or box making, machinery. Handling sheets, webs, or blanks of wider applicability, irrespective of whether described or claimed only for paper-working machinery, is to be regarded as of a more comprehensive nature and as such classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H.

|  | B31B |
MAKING BOXES, CARTONS, ENVELOPES OR BAGS (incising, scoring, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26D 3/08; combined making and filling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65B)

|  | B31B |
Note(s) In this sub-class, envelopes or bags are regarded as being essentially flexible containers, the final shape of which is determined by their contents. Boxes or cartons, on the other hand, are regarded as being essentially rigid or semi-rigid containers, the final shape of which is not determined by their contents. The term "boxes or cartons" is to be interpreted as including bags formed similarly to cartons, trays with upstanding side-walls, barrels, tubes and cups, other than articles formed by winding. If any further subdivision of any of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 3/00-B31B 41/00 becomes necessary, the new sub-groups to be provided will correspond exactly in wording and sub-group numbering to the relevant sub-groups of group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 1/00.

|  | B31B 1/00 |
Box, carton, envelope or bag making machinery characterised by performing specific operations (machinery for performing operations of general application, see the appropriate sub-classes)

|  | B31B 1/02 |
· | Feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 1/04 |
· · | Feeding sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 1/06 |
· · · | from stacks

|  | B31B 1/08 |
· · · | during envelope- or bag-making operations

|  | B31B 1/10 |
· · | Feeding or positioning webs

|  | B31B 1/12 |
· · | by air pressure or suction

|  | B31B 1/14 |
· | Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 1/16 |
· · | Cutting webs to form sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 1/18 |
· · | Slitting webs longitudinally

|  | B31B 1/20 |
· · | Cutting sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 1/22 |
· · · | Notching; Trimming edges of flaps

|  | B31B 1/24 |
· · · | Making window openings

|  | B31B 1/25 |
· | Surface scoring (cutting through material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 1/14) [2]

|  | B31B 1/26 |
· | Folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 1/28 |
· · | around mandrels, including bottom-forming operations

|  | B31B 1/30 |
· · · | the mandrels moving

|  | B31B 1/32 |
· · · · | in circular paths

|  | B31B 1/34 |
· · · · | about their own axes

|  | B31B 1/36 |
· · | by continuously feeding same to stationary members, e.g. plates, ploughs, cores

|  | B31B 1/38 |
· · · | the members being forming-tubes

|  | B31B 1/40 |
· · · · | acting internally

|  | B31B 1/42 |
· · · · | acting externally

|  | B31B 1/44 |
· · | by plungers moving through folding dies

|  | B31B 1/46 |
· · · | and interconnecting side walls during such movement

|  | B31B 1/48 |
· · · · | by folding or tucking in locking flaps

|  | B31B 1/50 |
· · · · · | by interengaging tongues and slots

|  | B31B 1/52 |
· · | by reciprocating or oscillating members, e.g. fingers other than plungers and dies

|  | B31B 1/54 |
· · · | operating on moving material

|  | B31B 1/56 |
· · | by rotary members co-operating with blades

|  | B31B 1/58 |
· · | by moving endless belts

|  | B31B 1/60 |
· | Uniting opposed surfaces or edges; Taping

|  | B31B 1/62 |
· · | by adhesives

|  | B31B 1/64 |
· · | by applying heat or pressure

|  | B31B 1/66 |
· · · | high-frequency electric heating

|  | B31B 1/68 |
· · | by stitching, stapling, or riveting

|  | B31B 1/70 |
· · · | by corner stapling

|  | B31B 1/72 |
· · | by applying and securing strips or sheets

|  | B31B 1/74 |
· | Auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 1/76 |
· · | Opening and distending flattened articles

|  | B31B 1/78 |
· · · | mechanically

|  | B31B 1/80 |
· · · | pneumatically

|  | B31B 1/82 |
· · | Attaching windows

|  | B31B 1/84 |
· · | Forming valves or applying valve inserts

|  | B31B 1/86 |
· · | Forming integral handles or mounting separate handles (making separate handles by multi-step processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31D 1/06)

|  | B31B 1/88 |
· · | Printing or embossing

|  | B31B 1/90 |
· · | Attaching accessories not otherwise provided for, e.g. opening or closure devices, tear strings

|  | B31B 1/92 |
· · | Delivering

|  | B31B 1/94 |
· · · | singly or in succession

|  | B31B 1/96 |
· · · · | in overlapping arrangement

|  | B31B 1/98 |
· · · | in stacks or bundles

|  | B31B 3/00 - B31B 17/00 |
Machinery for making boxes or cartons

|  | B31B 3/00 |
Machinery characterised by making boxes or cartons by folding single-piece sheets, blanks, or webs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 5/00 takes precedence)

|  | B31B 3/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 3/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 3/26 |
( covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 3/00 )

|  | B31B 3/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 3/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 5/00 |
Machinery characterised by making boxes or cartons by folding single-piece sheets which can be set-up from a collapsed condition, including setting-up and recollapsing to break creases

|  | B31B 5/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets

|  | B31B 5/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 5/26 |
( covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 5/00 )

|  | B31B 5/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 5/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 7/00 |
Machinery characterised by making lined or internally-reinforced boxes or cartons (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 11/00 takes precedence)

|  | B31B 7/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 7/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 7/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 7/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 7/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 9/00 |
Machinery characterised by making boxes or cartons having shouldered walls

|  | B31B 9/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 9/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 9/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 9/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 9/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 11/00 |
Machinery characterised by making boxes or cartons having partitions or like inserts not integral with walls (making partitions, inserts, or reinforcements for boxes or cartons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31D)

|  | B31B 11/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 11/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 11/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 11/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 11/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 13/00 |
Machinery characterised by assembling drawer-and-shell boxes or cartons

|  | B31B 13/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 13/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 13/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 13/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 13/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 15/00 |
Machinery characterised by making covered or externally-reinforced boxes or cartons

|  | B31B 15/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 15/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 15/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 15/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 15/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 17/00 |
Machinery characterised by making other boxes or cartons by assembling several separate sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 17/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 17/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 17/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 17/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 17/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 19/00 - B31B 41/00 |
Machinery for making envelopes or bags

|  | B31B 19/00 - B31B 41/00 |
Note(s) Machinery for making boxes or cartons and also envelopes or bags are classified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 3/00-B31B 17/00.

|  | B31B 19/00 |
Machinery characterised by making rectangular envelopes or bags of that form, i.e. without structural provision at the base for thickness of contents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 21/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 23/00 take precedence)

|  | B31B 19/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 19/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 19/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 19/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 19/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 21/00 |
Machinery characterised by making rectangular envelopes or bags of flat form, i.e. without structural provision at the base for thickness of contents, from sheets or blanks, e.g. from flattened tubes

|  | B31B 21/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 21/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 21/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 21/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 21/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 23/00 |
Machinery characterised by making rectangular envelopes or bags of flat form, i.e. without structural provision at the base for thickness of contents, from webs, e.g. from flattened tubular webs (machinery characterised by cutting sheets or blanks from webs and working them to form such envelopes or bags Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 21/00)

|  | B31B 23/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning webs

|  | B31B 23/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 23/26 |
· | and having means for folding webs

|  | B31B 23/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 23/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 25/00 |
Machinery characterised by making pointed or tapered envelopes or bags

|  | B31B 25/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 25/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 25/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 25/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 25/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 27/00 |
Machinery characterised by making interconnected envelopes or bags

|  | B31B 27/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 27/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 27/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 27/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 27/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 29/00 |
Machinery characterised by making envelopes or bags with structural provision at the base for thickness or contents (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 31/00-B31B 37/00 take precedence)

|  | B31B 29/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 29/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 29/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 29/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 29/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 31/00 |
Machinery characterised by making envelopes or bags with structural provision at the base for thickness of contents, from sheets or blanks, e.g. from flattened tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 33/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 35/00 take precedence)

|  | B31B 31/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 31/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 31/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 31/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 31/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 33/00 |
Machinery characterised by making envelopes or bags with structural provision at the base for thickness of contents, from sheets or blanks, e.g. from flattened tubes, the longitudinal axes of the envelopes or bags being parallel to the direction in which the sheets or blanks are fed

|  | B31B 33/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 33/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 33/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 33/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 33/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 35/00 |
Machinery characterised by making envelopes or bags with structural provision at the base for thickness of contents, from sheets or blanks, e.g. from flattened tubes, the longitudinal axes of the envelopes or bags being perpendicular to the direction in which the sheets or blanks are fed

|  | B31B 35/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 35/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 35/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets or blanks

|  | B31B 35/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 35/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 37/00 |
Machinery characterised by making envelopes or bags with structural provision at the base for thickness of contents, from webs, e.g. from tubular webs (machinery characterised by cutting sheets and blanks from webs and working them to form such envelopes or bags Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 31/00)

|  | B31B 37/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning webs

|  | B31B 37/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 37/26 |
· | and having means for folding webs

|  | B31B 37/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 37/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 39/00 |
Machinery characterised by making lined envelopes or bags

|  | B31B 39/02 |
· | and having means for feed or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 39/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 39/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks or webs

|  | B31B 39/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 39/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 41/00 |
Machinery characterised by making envelopes or bags of other specific form or construction

|  | B31B 41/02 |
· | and having means for feeding or positioning sheets, blanks, or webs

|  | B31B 41/14 |
· | and having means for cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting, trimming

|  | B31B 41/26 |
· | and having means for folding sheets, blanks or webs

|  | B31B 41/60 |
· | and having means for uniting opposed surfaces or edges, or for taping

|  | B31B 41/74 |
· | and having means for effecting auxiliary operations

|  | B31B 43/00 |
Machinery characterised by making containers by shaping, otherwise than by folding, sheet material under pressure

|  | B31B 45/00 |
Machinery characterised by making containers having corrugated or pleated walls

|  | B31B 47/00 |
Hand tools for making envelopes, bags, boxes or cartons

|  | B31B 47/02 |
· | for making envelopes or bags without preshaped bottoms

|  | B31B 47/04 |
· | for making envelopes or bags with preshaped bottoms

|  | B31B 49/00 |
Machinery, accessories or processes not provided for in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 1/00-B31B 47/00 (forms or constructions of boxes, cartons, envelopes or bags Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D)

|  | B31B 49/00 |
Note(s) Processes dependent on the use of specific machinery provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B31B 1/00-B31B 45/00 are classified in those groups.

|  | B31B 49/02 |
· | for making boxes or cartons

|  | B31B 49/04 |
· | for making envelopes or bags