|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS

SHAPING

|  | B23 |
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; wire-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; making pins, needles, or nails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21G; making chains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21L; grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)

|  | B23 |
Note(s) In addition to operations not provided for in any other class, this class provides, in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, for combinations of operations provided for in different sub-classes of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21-B24, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single sub-class. In the following elaborations: The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise. The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding. The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe). The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe. The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machine for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.

|  | B23Q |
DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING (tools of the kind used in lathes or boring machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 27/00); MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF MACHINE TOOLS, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR METAL-WORKING RESULT

|  | B23Q |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23. In this sub-class Groups designating parts of machine tools are to be understood as covering machine tools characterised by constructional features of such parts.

|  | B23Q 1/00 |
Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 37/00 takes precedence)

|  | B23Q 1/02 |
· | Frames, beds, pillars, or analogous members; Work-tables not designed to be fed or driven (rotatable Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 1/16); Arrangements of ways

|  | B23Q 1/04 |
· · | Work-tables or other members, variable or adjustable in inclination

|  | B23Q 1/06 |
· · | Work-tables interchangeably movable into operating positions

|  | B23Q 1/08 |
· | carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work or of devices for supporting or holding same (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 1/02 takes precedence; if designed to be fed or driven Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 1/14; headstocks or the like, working-spindle supports Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 19/00)

|  | B23Q 1/10 |
· · | Movable members, e.g. swinging arms

|  | B23Q 1/12 |
· · | variable or adjustable in inclination

|  | B23Q 1/14 |
· | Work-tables or analogous members, designed to be fed or driven; Similar members carrying tool mountings

|  | B23Q 1/16 |
· · | Rotatable members, e.g. faceplates

|  | B23Q 1/18 |
· · | Members slidable in a line, e.g. reciprocatable

|  | B23Q 1/20 |
· | Carriages, cross-slides, or analogous members (of lathe or similar type Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 21/00; non-driven tool holders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 29/00)

|  | B23Q 1/22 |
· | Other stationary supporting devices for tools or moving work (parts holding tools or work Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 3/00; tailstocks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 23/00)

|  | B23Q 1/24 |
· · | Auxiliary devices, e.g. steadies, rests

|  | B23Q 1/26 |
· | Constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively slidable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members (bearings for linearly-moving parts Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C 29/00)

|  | B23Q 1/28 |
· · | Means for securing sliding members in any desired position

|  | B23Q 1/30 |
· · | controlled in conjunction with the feed mechanism

|  | B23Q 3/00 |
Devices holding, supporting, or positioning, work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine (work-tables or other parts, e.g. faceplates, normally not incorporating means for securing work Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 1/00; positioning controlled by indicating or measuring equipment Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 17/00; rotary tool heads for turning-machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 3/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 3/26; non-driven tool holders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 29/00; general features of turrets Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 29/24)

|  | B23Q 3/02 |
· | for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 3/15 takes precedence)

|  | B23Q 3/04 |
· · | adjustable in inclination

|  | B23Q 3/06 |
· · | Work-clamping means (if not specially adapted for machine tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25B)

|  | B23Q 3/08 |
· · · | other than mechanically-actuated

|  | B23Q 3/10 |
· · | Auxiliary devices, e.g. bolsters, extension members

|  | B23Q 3/12 |
· | for securing to a spindle in general (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 3/152 takes precedence; chucks Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 31/02)

|  | B23Q 3/14 |
· · | Mandrels in general (expansion mandrels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 31/40)

|  | B23Q 3/15 |
· | Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work

|  | B23Q 3/152 |
· · | Rotary devices

|  | B23Q 3/154 |
· · | Stationary devices

|  | B23Q 3/155 |
· | Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools

|  | B23Q 3/157 |
· · | of rotary tools

|  | B23Q 3/16 |
· | controlled in conjunction with the operation of the tool

|  | B23Q 3/18 |
· | for positioning only

|  | B23Q 5/00 |
Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor (copying Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 33/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 35/00; specially adapted for boring or drilling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 39/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 47/02; automatic control of a series of steps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00)

|  | B23Q 5/02 |
· | Driving main working members

|  | B23Q 5/027 |
· · | reciprocating members [2]

|  | B23Q 5/033 |
· · · | driven essentially by fluid pressure [2]

|  | B23Q 5/04 |
· · | rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles

|  | B23Q 5/06 |
· · · | driven essentially by fluid pressure or pneumatic power

|  | B23Q 5/08 |
· · · · | electrically controlled

|  | B23Q 5/10 |
· · · | driven essentially by electrical means

|  | B23Q 5/12 |
· · · | Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio

|  | B23Q 5/14 |
· · · · | step-by-step

|  | B23Q 5/16 |
· · · · | infinitely-variable

|  | B23Q 5/18 |
· · · · | Devices for preselecting speed of working-spindle

|  | B23Q 5/20 |
· · · | Adjusting or stopping working-spindles in a predetermined position

|  | B23Q 5/22 |
· | Feeding members carrying tools or work directly or indirectly

|  | B23Q 5/24 |
· · | not mechanically connected to the main drive, e.g. with separate motor(s) (connected to main drive through servomotors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 5/36)

|  | B23Q 5/26 |
· · · | Fluid-pressure drives

|  | B23Q 5/28 |
· · · | Electric drives

|  | B23Q 5/30 |
· · | mechanically derived from main drive

|  | B23Q 5/32 |
· · · | feeding working-spindles (feeding working-spindle supports Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 5/34)

|  | B23Q 5/34 |
· · · | Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission

|  | B23Q 5/36 |
· · · · | in which a servomotor forms an essential element

|  | B23Q 5/38 |
· · · · | feeding continuously

|  | B23Q 5/40 |
· · · · · | by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw

|  | B23Q 5/42 |
· · · · · · | Mechanism associated with headstock

|  | B23Q 5/44 |
· · · · · · | Mechanism associated with the moving member

|  | B23Q 5/46 |
· · · · · | with variable speed ratio

|  | B23Q 5/48 |
· · · · · · | by use of toothed gears

|  | B23Q 5/50 |
· · · · | feeding step-by-step

|  | B23Q 5/52 |
· · | Limiting feed movement

|  | B23Q 5/54 |
· | Arrangements or details not restricted to group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 5/02 or group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 5/22 respectively

|  | B23Q 5/56 |
· · | Preventing backlash

|  | B23Q 5/58 |
· · | Safety devices

|  | B23Q 7/00 |
Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting (incorporated in working-spindles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 19/02; for automatic or semi-automatic turning machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 15/00)

|  | B23Q 7/02 |
· | by means of drums or rotating tables or discs

|  | B23Q 7/03 |
· | by means of endless chain conveyers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 7/16 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B23Q 7/04 |
· | by means of grippers

|  | B23Q 7/05 |
· | by means of roller-ways (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 7/16 takes precedence) [2]

|  | B23Q 7/06 |
· | by means of pushers

|  | B23Q 7/08 |
· | by means of slides or chutes

|  | B23Q 7/10 |
· | by means of magazines

|  | B23Q 7/12 |
· | Sorting arrangements

|  | B23Q 7/14 |
· | co-ordinated in production lines

|  | B23Q 7/16 |
· | Loading work on to conveyers; Arranging work on conveyers, e.g. varying spacing between individual workpieces [2]

|  | B23Q 7/18 |
· · | Orienting work on conveyers [2]

|  | B23Q 9/00 |
Arrangements for supporting or guiding portable metal-working machines or apparatus (for tapping pipes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 41/08; specially designed for drilling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 45/14)

|  | B23Q 9/02 |
· | for securing machines or apparatus to workpieces, or other parts, of particular shape, e.g. to beams of particular cross-section

|  | B23Q 11/00 - B23Q 13/00 |
Accessories

|  | B23Q 11/00 |
Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools (in respect of boring or drilling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 47/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 47/32 take precedence; safety devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16P)

|  | B23Q 11/02 |
· | Devices for removing scrap from the cutting teeth of circular cutters

|  | B23Q 11/04 |
· | Arrangements preventing overload of tools, e.g. restricting load

|  | B23Q 11/06 |
· | Safety devices for circular cutters

|  | B23Q 11/08 |
· | Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards

|  | B23Q 11/10 |
· | Arrangements of devices for cooling or lubricating tools or work (incorporated in tools, see the relevant sub-class for the tool)

|  | B23Q 11/12 |
· | Arrangements for cooling or lubricating machine parts

|  | B23Q 11/14 |
· | Measures or means for maintaining a constant temperature in parts of machine tools

|  | B23Q 13/00 |
Equipment for use with tools or cutters when not in operation, e.g. protectors for storage

|  | B23Q 15/00 - B23Q 27/00 |
Measuring; Indicating; Controlling (automatic control of a series of steps, automatic production of records Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/00)

|  | B23Q 15/00 |
Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of tool or work (measuring or gauging instruments per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B)

|  | B23Q 15/02 |
· | according to the instantaneous size and the required size of the workpiece acted upon (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 15/06 takes precedence)

|  | B23Q 15/04 |
· | according to the final size of the previously machined workpiece (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 15/06 takes precedence)

|  | B23Q 15/06 |
· | according to measuring results produced by two or more gauging methods using different measuring principles, e.g. by both optical and mechanical gauging

|  | B23Q 17/00 |
Indexing equipment; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment on machine tools (instruments per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01); Support or mounting of indicating or measuring equipment; Control of position of tool or work by such equipment (particularly for co-ordinate boring or drilling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B 39/06; indexing mechanisms on gear cutting machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23F 23/08)

|  | B23Q 17/02 |
· | Indexing equipment

|  | B23Q 17/04 |
· · | for dividing angles; Dividing heads

|  | B23Q 17/06 |
· | of vernier dials

|  | B23Q 17/08 |
· | of equipment for measuring cutting pressure

|  | B23Q 17/10 |
· | of equipment for measuring cutting speed or number of revolutions

|  | B23Q 17/12 |
· | of equipment for measuring vibration

|  | B23Q 17/14 |
· | of autocollimator equipment

|  | B23Q 17/16 |
· | of measuring faces on component parts of machine tools, e.g. on tool holders

|  | B23Q 17/18 |
· | Controlling position of tool or work

|  | B23Q 19/00 |
Arrangements, e.g. optical projecting means, for enabling the operator to see the position of the tool in relation to the work

|  | B23Q 21/00 |
Equipment for controlling starting or stopping of the movement of tool or work in a predetermined position, e.g. for exact in-feed

|  | B23Q 21/02 |
· | with means for withdrawing tool or work during reverse movement

|  | B23Q 23/00 |
Arrangements for compensating for irregularities or wear, e.g. of ways, of setting mechanisms

|  | B23Q 27/00 |
Geometrical mechanisms for the production of work of particular shapes, not fully provided for in another sub-class

|  | B23Q 33/00 - B23Q 35/00 |
Copying

|  | B23Q 33/00 - B23Q 35/00 |
Note(s) The term "copying" is to be understood as covering the derivation of a required shape from a pattern, of the same or a different shape or scale, by a mechanism or equivalent means controlled by a member following the pattern. The pattern may be a model or drawing, or an element such as a cam incorporated in the operating mechanism of a machine. The term "copying" does not cover the derivation of a required shape from simple geometrical shapes, e.g. generating a cycloid by a rolling circle, which in general is provided for in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 27/00.

|  | B23Q 33/00 |
Methods for copying

|  | B23Q 35/00 |
Control systems or devices for copying directly from a pattern or a master model; Devices for use in copying manually

|  | B23Q 35/02 |
· | Copying discrete points from the pattern, e.g. for determining the position of holes to be drilled

|  | B23Q 35/04 |
· | using a feeler or the like travelling along the outline of the pattern, model or drawing; Feelers, patterns, or models therefor

|  | B23Q 35/06 |
· · | specially adapted for controlling successive operations, e.g. separate cuts, on a workpiece

|  | B23Q 35/08 |
· · | Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work

|  | B23Q 35/10 |
· · · | mechanically only

|  | B23Q 35/12 |
· · · | involving electrical means (programme recording for copying purposes in a separate apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11)

|  | B23Q 35/121 |
· · · · | using mechanical sensing

|  | B23Q 35/122 |
· · · · · | the feeler opening or closing electrical contacts

|  | B23Q 35/123 |
· · · · · | the feeler varying the impedance in a circuit

|  | B23Q 35/124 |
· · · · · · | varying resistance

|  | B23Q 35/125 |
· · · · · · | varying capacitance

|  | B23Q 35/126 |
· · · · · · | varying inductance

|  | B23Q 35/127 |
· · · · | using non-mechanical sensing

|  | B23Q 35/128 |
· · · · · | Sensing by using optical means

|  | B23Q 35/129 |
· · · · · | Sensing by means of electric discharges

|  | B23Q 35/13 |
· · · · · | Sensing by using magnetic means

|  | B23Q 35/14 |
· · · · | controlling one or more electromotors

|  | B23Q 35/16 |
· · · · | controlling fluid motors

|  | B23Q 35/18 |
· · · | involving fluid means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 35/16 takes precedence)

|  | B23Q 35/20 |
· · · | with special means for varying the ratio of reproduction

|  | B23Q 35/22 |
· · · | specially adapted for compensating for wear of the tool

|  | B23Q 35/24 |
· · | Feelers; Feeler units

|  | B23Q 35/26 |
· · · | designed for physical contact with a pattern or a model

|  | B23Q 35/28 |
· · · · | for control of a mechanical copying system

|  | B23Q 35/30 |
· · · · | for control of an electrical or electro-hydraulic copying system

|  | B23Q 35/32 |
· · · · · | in which the feeler makes and breaks an electrical contact or contacts, e.g. with brush-type tracers

|  | B23Q 35/34 |
· · · · · | in which the feeler varies an electrical characteristic in a circuit, e.g. capacity, frequency

|  | B23Q 35/36 |
· · · · | for control of a hydraulic or pneumatic copying system

|  | B23Q 35/38 |
· · · | designed for sensing the pattern, model, or drawing without physical contact (sensing by means of a fluid jet Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 35/36)

|  | B23Q 35/40 |
· · · · | involving optical or photoelectrical systems

|  | B23Q 35/42 |
· · | Patterns; Master models

|  | B23Q 35/44 |
· · · | provided with means for adjusting the contact face, e.g. comprising flexible bands held by set-screws

|  | B23Q 35/46 |
· · · | Supporting devices therefor

|  | B23Q 35/48 |
· | Using a feeler or the like travelling to-and-fro between opposite parts of the outline of the pattern, model, or drawing

|  | B23Q 37/00 - B23Q 41/00 |
Machines comprising units or sub-assemblies; Transfer machines; Associations of machines or units

|  | B23Q 37/00 |
Metal-working machines, or constructional combinations thereof, built-up from units designed so that at least some of the units can form parts of different machines or combinations; Units therefor in so far as the feature of interchangeability is important (features relating to particular metal-working operations, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 23/00)

|  | B23Q 39/00 |
Machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 33/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 23/00 take precedence; if the operations are similar and the kind of operation is essential, see the relevant sub-class for the operation)

|  | B23Q 39/02 |
· | the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station

|  | B23Q 39/04 |
· | the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps (associations of machines connected only by work-transferring means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 41/00)

|  | B23Q 41/00 |
Combinations or associations of machines covered by sub-section "Shaping" of Section B (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 37/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 39/00 take precedence; features relating to the operation performed, if the latter is of one particular kind, see the sub-class for the kind of operation; features essentially relating to specified combinations of different metal-working operations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 23/00)

|  | B23Q 41/02 |
· | Features relating to transfer of work between machines

|  | B23Q 41/04 |
· | Features relating to relative arrangements of machines

|  | B23Q 41/06 |
· | Features relating to organisation of working of machines

|  | B23Q 41/08 |
· | Features relating to maintenance of efficient operation