|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G11 |
INFORMATION STORAGE

|  | G11B |
INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D; photochemical processing of recordings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; recording or playback apparatus using mechanically marked tape, e.g. punched paper tape, or using unit records, e.g. punched or magnetically marked cards, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; transferring data from one type of record carrier to another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 1/18; printing of data from record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 3/00; visual presentation of the output data Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K 15/00; transmission of digital data between dynamic and static stores Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11D; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 1/20; electromechanical transducers and circuits therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | G11B |
Note(s) This sub-class deals with the recording and playback of information by relative movement between a record track and a transducer, the transducer directly producing, or being directly actuated by, modulation in the track being recorded or played-back, and the extent of modulation corresponding to the signal being recorded or played-back. This sub-class includes apparatus and machines for recording or playback, and parts thereof, such as heads; (b) record carriers for use with such apparatus and machines; (c) associated working of other apparatus with such apparatus and machines. In this sub-class: The term "head" includes any means for converting sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal electric wave-forms into variations of the physical condition of at least the adjacent surface of the record carrier, or vice versa. A record carrier is understood to be a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relatively to the recorded information.

|  | G11B 1/00 |
Cabinets; Cases; Stands; Disposition of apparatus therein or thereon (furniture aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B 81/06)

|  | G11B 1/02 |
· | modified to store record carriers

|  | G11B 1/04 |
· | combined with other apparatus having a different main function

|  | G11B 3/00 |
Recording information by cutting, deforming, or pressing grooves, e.g. by stylus; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing from such record carriers by mechanical sensing of the grooves

|  | G11B 3/02 |
· | Arrangements of heads (styli Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/44)

|  | G11B 3/04 |
· · | Multiple, convertible, or alternative transducing arrangements

|  | G11B 3/06 |
· · | Determining or indicating position of head

|  | G11B 3/08 |
· · | Raising, lowering, traversing otherwise than for transducing, arresting, or holding-up heads and record carriers relatively to one another

|  | G11B 3/10 |
· · | Arranging, supporting, or driving of heads or of transducers relatively to record carriers

|  | G11B 3/12 |
· · · | Supporting in balanced, counterbalanced, or loaded operative position, e.g. loading in direction of traverse

|  | G11B 3/14 |
· · · · | by using effects of gravity or inertia, e.g. counterweight

|  | G11B 3/16 |
· · · · · | adjustable

|  | G11B 3/18 |
· · · · · | Damping by using viscosity effect

|  | G11B 3/20 |
· · · · | by elastic means, e.g. spring

|  | G11B 3/22 |
· · · · · | adjustable

|  | G11B 3/24 |
· · · · · | acting to decrease pressure on record

|  | G11B 3/26 |
· · · · · | acting to increase pressure on record

|  | G11B 3/28 |
· · · · · | providing transverse bias parallel to record

|  | G11B 3/30 |
· · · | Supporting in an operative position

|  | G11B 3/32 |
· · · · | Construction or arrangement of support pillars

|  | G11B 3/34 |
· · · | Driving; Guiding

|  | G11B 3/36 |
· · · · | Automatic-feed mechanisms producing progressive transducing traverse across record carriers otherwise than by grooves, e.g. by lead-screw

|  | G11B 3/38 |
· · · · | Guiding, e.g. constructions or arrangements providing linear or other special tracking characteristics

|  | G11B 3/40 |
· · · · | Driving of heads relatively to stationary record carriers for transducing

|  | G11B 3/42 |
· · · | with provision for adaptation or interchange of heads

|  | G11B 3/44 |
· | Styli, e.g. sapphire, diamond

|  | G11B 3/46 |
· · | Constructions or forms, e.g. attachment of point to shank

|  | G11B 3/48 |
· · · | Needles

|  | G11B 3/50 |
· · | Anvils or other supports opposing stylus forces

|  | G11B 3/52 |
· · | Arrangements permitting styli to yield under excessive pressure

|  | G11B 3/54 |
· · | Storing; Manipulating, e.g. feeding styli to and from heads (needle boxes, receptacles for needles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 85/24)

|  | G11B 3/56 |
· · | Sharpening (by grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B 3/00)

|  | G11B 3/58 |
· | Cleaning record carriers or styli, e.g. removing shavings or dust (brushes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A46B; cleaning in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B)

|  | G11B 3/60 |
· | Turntables for record carriers (forming rotor of dynamo-electric motor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | G11B 3/62 |
· · | Locating record carriers on turntables, e.g. adaptor for enabling centre-pin to receive carriers with large centre hole, e.g. repeatably

|  | G11B 3/64 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one grooved record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers

|  | G11B 3/66 |
· | Erasing information, e.g. for reuse of record carrier

|  | G11B 3/68 |
· | Record carriers (characterised by direction of groove relative to head Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 25/00)

|  | G11B 3/70 |
· · | characterised by the selection of material or structure; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29)

|  | G11B 3/72 |
· · | Groove formations, e.g. run-in groove, run-out groove

|  | G11B 3/74 |
· · · | Multiple output tracks, e.g. binaural stereophonic

|  | G11B 3/76 |
· · · | forming part of cinematograph films

|  | G11B 3/78 |
· · | Multiple-track arrangements

|  | G11B 3/80 |
· · | incorporating subsidiary guide means for heads, other than modulated grooves; Part-formed unmodulated grooves for conversion into transducing grooves

|  | G11B 3/82 |
· · | Visual features of record carriers

|  | G11B 3/84 |
· · · | Printed matter, e.g. design, label, photograph

|  | G11B 3/86 |
· · · | for indexing; for speed controlling, e.g. stroboscopic markings

|  | G11B 3/88 |
· · · | for display simultaneously with reproduction

|  | G11B 3/90 |
· · | with means indicating prior or unauthorised use

|  | G11B 5/00 |
Recording information by magnetisation of a record carrier; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing therefrom by using magnetic means (by optical means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/10)

|  | G11B 5/004 - G11B 5/16 |
Note(s) Groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/02-G11B 5/86 take precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/004-G11B 5/016. [2]

|  | G11B 5/004 |
· | Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic drums (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/008 |
· | Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes or wires (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/012 |
· | Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic discs (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/016 |
· · | using magnetic foils [2]

|  | G11B 5/02 |
· | Recording, reproducing, or erasing methods; Read, write, or erase circuits therefor (equalising circuits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/45; timing or synchronising arrangements Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 27/10) [2]

|  | G11B 5/027 |
· · | Analogue recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/033 |
· · · | Direct recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/04 |
· · · | Frequency-modulation recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/06 |
· · · | Pulse-modulation recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/08 |
· · · | Boundary-displacement recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/09 |
· · | Digital recording [2]

|  | G11B 5/10 |
· | Housings for heads

|  | G11B 5/105 |
· · | Mounting of head within housing [2]

|  | G11B 5/11 |
· · | Shielding of head against electric or magnetic fields [2]

|  | G11B 5/115 |
· · · | Shielding device arranged between heads or windings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/28 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/12 |
· | Structures of inductive heads [2]

|  | G11B 5/14 |
· · | with cores composed of particles, e.g. with dust core, with ferrite core

|  | G11B 5/16 |
· · | with cores being composed of metal sheets, i.e. laminated cores

|  | G11B 5/18 |
· · · | with tape-wound cores

|  | G11B 5/20 |
· · | Construction or disposition of windings

|  | G11B 5/22 |
· · | Structure of the surface of the head in physical contact with, or immediately adjacent to, the recording medium; Pole pieces; Gap features (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/27 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/221 |
· · · | the pole pieces being ferrite [2]

|  | G11B 5/223 |
· · · | the pole pieces being of ferrous sheet metal [2]

|  | G11B 5/24 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/22 )

|  | G11B 5/25 |
· · · | Gap features [2]

|  | G11B 5/251 |
· · · · | Selection of material for gap filler [2]

|  | G11B 5/26 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/27 )

|  | G11B 5/27 |
· | Structure of a head with more than one gap for erasing, recording, or reproducing on the same track [2]

|  | G11B 5/28 |
· · | Unitary structure formed of plural heads for more than one track

|  | G11B 5/30 |
· | Structures of flux-sensitive heads

|  | G11B 5/32 |
· · | using irradiation or particle bombardment, e.g. reproducing by detecting a reflected electron beam

|  | G11B 5/34 |
· · | with saturated jig, e.g. for detecting second harmonic, balanced-flux head

|  | G11B 5/36 |
· · | having vibrating elements

|  | G11B 5/38 |
· · | using Hall devices

|  | G11B 5/40 |
· | Protective measures on heads, e.g. against excessive temperature

|  | G11B 5/41 |
· | Cleaning of heads [2]

|  | G11B 5/42 |
· | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of heads, e.g. assembly

|  | G11B 5/43 |
· | Arrangements for correcting skew, e.g. pulse group synchronisation [2]

|  | G11B 5/44 |
( transferred to Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/45, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/47 )

|  | G11B 5/45 |
· | Equalising circuits [2]

|  | G11B 5/46 |
· | Arrangements for functional testing of heads; Measuring arrangements for heads; Arrangements for demagnetisation of heads (measuring electric or magnetic properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; demagnetisation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 13/00)

|  | G11B 5/47 |
· | Circuitry for premagnetisation of the record carrier or head [2]

|  | G11B 5/48 |
· | Disposition or mounting of heads relative to record carriers [2]

|  | G11B 5/49 |
· · | Fixed mountings [2]

|  | G11B 5/50 |
· · | Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment

|  | G11B 5/52 |
· · | with simultaneous movement of head and record carrier, e.g. rotation of head

|  | G11B 5/54 |
· · | with provision for moving the head into, or out of, its operative position or across tape tracks [2]

|  | G11B 5/55 |
· · · | Track change, selection, or acquisition by displacement of the head [2]

|  | G11B 5/56 |
· · | with provision for moving the head for the purpose of adjusting the position of the head relative to the record carrier, e.g. manual adjustment for azimuth correction or track centering (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/54, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/58 take precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 5/58 |
· · | with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter [2]

|  | G11B 5/60 |
· · · | Pneumodynamic or hydrodynamic spacing of heads from record carriers

|  | G11B 5/62 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material

|  | G11B 5/64 |
· · | comprising only the magnetisable material without bonding agent

|  | G11B 5/66 |
· · · | consisting of several layers

|  | G11B 5/68 |
· · | comprising one or more layers of magnetisable particles homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent

|  | G11B 5/70 |
· · · | on a base layer

|  | G11B 5/72 |
· · | Protective coatings, e.g. anti-static, anti-friction

|  | G11B 5/74 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the form, e.g. sheet shaped to wrap around a drum

|  | G11B 5/76 |
· · | Drum carriers

|  | G11B 5/78 |
· · | Tape carriers

|  | G11B 5/80 |
· · | Card carriers

|  | G11B 5/82 |
· · | Disc carriers

|  | G11B 5/84 |
· | Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29)

|  | G11B 5/86 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one magnetisable record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers

|  | G11B 7/00 |
Recording information on a record carrier by optical means; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing such recorded information by optical means

|  | G11B 7/02 |
· | using electromagnetic radiation other than visible light

|  | G11B 7/04 |
· | using fluorescent or phosphorescent record carriers

|  | G11B 7/06 |
· | using electrography (electrography per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03G)

|  | G11B 7/08 |
· | Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers

|  | G11B 7/10 |
· · | Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment

|  | G11B 7/12 |
· | Heads

|  | G11B 7/14 |
· · | adapted to record on, or to reproduce from, more than one track simultaneously (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/20 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 7/16 |
· · | using filters, e.g. colour filter

|  | G11B 7/18 |
· · | using optical slits

|  | G11B 7/20 |
· · | Dual-recording arrangements, i.e. in which the information is recorded in two different forms simultaneously on the same or related tracks, e.g. recording instantaneous and mean values (sound-recording combined with cinematography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C)

|  | G11B 7/22 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of heads, e.g. assembly

|  | G11B 7/24 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure (for cinematography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C)

|  | G11B 7/26 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03)

|  | G11B 7/28 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers using optical sensing and recording means

|  | G11B 9/00 |
Recording information otherwise than by cutting grooves, by magnetisation, or by optical means; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing by using means other than styli, magnetic means, or optical means

|  | G11B 9/02 |
· | using ferroelectric record carriers; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/04 |
· | using record carriers having variable electric resistance; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/06 |
· | using record carriers having variable electrical capacitance; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 9/02 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 9/08 |
· | using electrostatic charge injection; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 11/00 |
Recording and reproducing wherein the reproducing method is covered by a different main group from that of the recording method; Record carriers therefor (recording television signals by thermoplastic deformation of the record carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/82)

|  | G11B 11/02 |
· | Recording by flame, jet, flowing fluid, or beam of particles

|  | G11B 11/04 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing magnetic properties

|  | G11B 11/06 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing grooves with styli

|  | G11B 11/08 |
· | Recording by electric charge or by variation of electric resistance or capacitance, e.g. reproducing by sensing optical properties

|  | G11B 11/10 |
· | Recording by magnetic means and reproducing by sensing optical properties

|  | G11B 11/12 |
· | Recording by influencing light-sensitive material

|  | G11B 11/14 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing magnetic properties

|  | G11B 11/16 |
· | Recording by styli, pens, or brushes

|  | G11B 11/18 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing optical properties

|  | G11B 11/20 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing magnetic properties

|  | G11B 13/00 |
Recording simultaneously by methods covered by different main groups; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing simultaneously therefrom

|  | G11B 13/02 |
· | magnetically and by styli

|  | G11B 13/04 |
· | magnetically and optically

|  | G11B 13/06 |
· | optically and by styli

|  | G11B 15/00 |
Driving, starting, stopping, or guiding record carriers of filamentary or web form; Control of operating function (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/52-G11B 5/58, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 21/02 take precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 15/02 |
· | Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing

|  | G11B 15/04 |
· · | Preventing, inhibiting, or warning against accidental erasing or double recording

|  | G11B 15/06 |
· · | by sensing auxiliary features on record carriers, e.g. to stop machine near the end of a tape

|  | G11B 15/08 |
· · · | by photoelectric sensing

|  | G11B 15/10 |
· · | Manually-operated control; Solenoid-operated control

|  | G11B 15/12 |
· · | Masking of heads; Selecting or switching of heads between operative and inoperative functions; Masking of beams, e.g. of light beams

|  | G11B 15/14 |
· · · | Masking or switching periodically

|  | G11B 15/16 |
· · | by means responsive to presence or absence of record carrier

|  | G11B 15/18 |
· | Driving; Starting; Stopping; Arrangements for control or regulation thereof (handling tapes or filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | G11B 15/20 |
· · | Moving record carrier backwards or forwards by finite amounts, i.e. back-spacing, forward-spacing

|  | G11B 15/22 |
· · | Brakes; Automatic stopping devices (slowing-down preparatory to stopping or speed-changing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/48; speed-controlling by mechanical linkage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/50; brake constructions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | G11B 15/24 |
· · | Drive-disengaging means

|  | G11B 15/26 |
· · | Driving record carriers by members acting directly or indirectly thereon

|  | G11B 15/28 |
· · · | through rollers driving by frictional contact with the record carrier, e.g. capstan; Multiple arrangements of capstans or drums coupled to means for controlling the speed of the drive; Multiple capstan systems alternately engageable with record carrier to provide reversal

|  | G11B 15/29 |
· · · · | through pinch-rollers

|  | G11B 15/30 |
· · · | through the means for supporting the record carrier, e.g. mandrel, turntable

|  | G11B 15/32 |
· · · | through the reels or cores on to which the record carrier is wound

|  | G11B 15/34 |
· · · | through non-slip drive means, e.g. sprocket

|  | G11B 15/38 |
· · | Driving record carriers by pneumatic means

|  | G11B 15/40 |
· · | Driving record carriers otherwise than by electric motor

|  | G11B 15/42 |
· · · | manually

|  | G11B 15/43 |
· · | Control or regulation of mechanical tension of record carrier, e.g. tape tension (controlling tension in filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 59/00)

|  | G11B 15/44 |
· · | Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements; Drive-transfer means therefor

|  | G11B 15/46 |
· · | Controlling, regulating, or indicating speed

|  | G11B 15/48 |
· · · | Starting; Accelerating; Decelerating; Arrangements preventing malfunction during drive change

|  | G11B 15/50 |
· · · | by mechanical linkage, e.g. clutch

|  | G11B 15/52 |
· · · | by using signals recorded on, or derived from, record carrier

|  | G11B 15/54 |
· · · | by stroboscope; by tachometer (speedometers or tachometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P)

|  | G11B 15/56 |
· | the record carrier having reserve loop, e.g. to minimise inertia during acceleration

|  | G11B 15/58 |
· · | with vacuum column

|  | G11B 15/60 |
· | Guiding record carrier

|  | G11B 15/62 |
· · | Maintaining desired spacing between record carrier and head

|  | G11B 15/64 |
· · · | by pneumodynamic or hydrodynamic spacing

|  | G11B 15/66 |
· · | Threading; Loading; Automatic self-loading; Spools (reels in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/02)

|  | G11B 15/68 |
· · | Automatic cassette-changing arrangements [2]

|  | G11B 15/70 |
· | the record carrier being an endless-loop record-carrier [2]

|  | G11B 17/00 |
Automatic mechanisms for starting, driving, or stopping disc-type record carriers on turntables, for raising or lowering, positioning or traversing, arresting or holding-up transducers or record carriers relatively to each other, and for automatically transferring record carriers to and from transducing position

|  | G11B 17/02 |
· | Details

|  | G11B 17/04 |
· · | Feeding or guiding single records to or from playing unit

|  | G11B 17/06 |
· · | Automatic movement of tone-arm into, or out of, place for playing records, e.g. manually placed on playing unit

|  | G11B 17/08 |
· | from consecutive-access magazine of disc records

|  | G11B 17/10 |
· · | with horizontal transfer to the turntable from a stack arranged with a vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/12 |
· · | with axial transfer to the turntable from a stack with a vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/14 |
· · · | by mechanism in rotating centre post, e.g. permitting the playing of both sides of a record

|  | G11B 17/16 |
· · · | by mechanism in stationary centre post, e.g. with stepped post, using fingers on post

|  | G11B 17/18 |
· · · | by mechanism operating on the edge of the disc record

|  | G11B 17/20 |
· · | with transfer away from stack on turntable after playing

|  | G11B 17/22 |
· | from random-access magazine of disc records

|  | G11B 17/24 - G11B 17/28 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/30 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/24-G11B 17/28.

|  | G11B 17/24 |
· · | the magazine having a toroidal or part-toroidal shape

|  | G11B 17/26 |
· · | the magazine having a cylindrical shape with vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/28 |
· · | the magazine having a cylindrical shape with horizontal axis

|  | G11B 17/30 |
· · | wherein the playing unit is moved accordingly to the location of the selected record

|  | G11B 17/32 |
· | Maintaining desired spacing between record carrier and head, e.g. by pneumodynamic or hydrodynamic spacing [2]

|  | G11B 19/00 |
Driving, starting, stopping, or guiding of record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 19/02 |
· | Control of drive; Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing

|  | G11B 19/04 |
· · | Arrangements for preventing, inhibiting, or warning against, double recording on the same blank, or against other recording or reproducing malfunctions

|  | G11B 19/06 |
· · | by counting or timing of machine operations

|  | G11B 19/08 |
· · | by using devices external to the driving mechanisms, e.g. coin-freed switch

|  | G11B 19/10 |
· · | by sensing presence or absence of record in accessible stored position or on turntable

|  | G11B 19/12 |
· · | by sensing distinguishing features of records, e.g. diameter

|  | G11B 19/14 |
· · | by sensing movement or position of head, e.g. means moving in correspondence with head movements

|  | G11B 19/16 |
· · | Manual control

|  | G11B 19/18 |
· · · | Manual action on one element producing control effect indirectly by consequent action of driving mechanism

|  | G11B 19/20 |
· | Driving; Starting; Stopping

|  | G11B 19/22 |
· · | Brakes other than speed-regulating brakes (brake constructions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | G11B 19/24 |
· · | Arrangements for providing constant relative speed between record carrier and head

|  | G11B 19/26 |
· · | Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements

|  | G11B 19/28 |
· · | Speed controlling, regulating, or indicating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/24 takes precedence; speedometers or tachometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P)

|  | G11B 21/00 |
Head arrangements irrespective of the method of recording or reproducing

|  | G11B 21/02 |
· | Driving or moving of heads

|  | G11B 21/04 |
· · | Automatic feed mechanism producing a transducing traverse of the head in a direction which cuts across the direction of travel of the recording medium, e.g. helical scan

|  | G11B 21/06 |
· · · | the record carrier having means to ensure traverse movement of the head

|  | G11B 21/08 |
· · | Track changing or selecting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 21/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 21/10 |
· · | Track finding or aligning by moving the head

|  | G11B 21/12 |
· · | Raising and lowering; Back-spacing or forward-spacing along track; Returning to starting position

|  | G11B 21/14 |
· · · | manually

|  | G11B 21/16 |
· | Supporting the heads; Supporting the sockets for plug-in heads

|  | G11B 21/18 |
· · | while the head is moving

|  | G11B 21/20 |
· · | while the head is in operative position but stationary or permitting minor movements to follow irregularities in surface of record carrier

|  | G11B 21/22 |
· · | while the head is out of operative position

|  | G11B 21/24 |
· · | Head support adjustments

|  | G11B 21/26 |
· · | Means for interchange or replacement of head or head element

|  | G11B 23/00 |
Record carriers irrespective of the method of recording; Accessories therefor, e.g. container

|  | G11B 23/02 |
· | Containers; Storing means (for tape or filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/00)

|  | G11B 23/04 |
· · | Magazines; Cassettes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 23/06 |
· · · | for housing endless webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/08 |
· · · | for housing end-to-end webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/10 |
· · · · | on single reels or winding cores

|  | G11B 23/12 |
· · | Bins for random storage of webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/14 |
· | Providing ability to repeat location, e.g. using sprocket holes

|  | G11B 23/16 |
· | Record carriers with single track for recording at spaced intervals along the track thereof, e.g. for speech or language training

|  | G11B 23/18 |
· | Record carriers with multiple tracks, e.g. with complementary and partial tracks such as paired "stereo" tracks

|  | G11B 23/20 |
· | with provision for splicing to provide permanent or temporary connections

|  | G11B 23/22 |
· · | of endless belts; of tapes forming Möbius loops

|  | G11B 23/24 |
· · | of tapes having multiple tracks parallel to edge of record carrier by offset splicing to form endless loop with one or more helical tracks

|  | G11B 23/26 |
· · | of leaders for loading or threading, e.g. to form a temporary connection

|  | G11B 23/28 |
· | indicating prior or unauthorised use

|  | G11B 23/30 |
· | with provision for auxiliary signals (sensing such signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/06)

|  | G11B 23/32 |
· · | Electrical or mechanical contacting means; Tape stop foils

|  | G11B 23/34 |
· · | Signal means additional to the main recording track, e.g. photoelectric sensing of sprocket holes for timing

|  | G11B 23/36 |
· · | Signals on record carriers or on containers and recorded by the same method as the main recording

|  | G11B 23/38 |
· | Visual features other than those contained in record tracks or represented by sprocket holes

|  | G11B 23/40 |
· · | Identifying or analogous means applied to, or incorporated in, the record carrier and not intended for visual display simultaneously with the playing-back of the record carrier, e.g. label, leader, photograph

|  | G11B 23/42 |
· · | Marks for indexing, speed-controlling, synchronising, or timing

|  | G11B 23/44 |
· · | Information for display simultaneously with playback of the record, e.g. photographic matter

|  | G11B 23/46 |
· · · | Cinematograph films with integral tracks, e.g. with sound track

|  | G11B 23/48 |
· · · | Diascopic slides with integral sound or other tracks on, or adjacent to, the picture area or on the mounting means

|  | G11B 23/50 |
· | Reconditioning of record carriers; Cleaning of record carriers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/58 takes precedence) [2]

|  | G11B 25/00 |
Apparatus characterised by the shape of record carrier employed but irrespective of the method of recording (individual parts of apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 1/00-G11B 23/00)

|  | G11B 25/02 |
· | using cylindrical record carriers

|  | G11B 25/04 |
· | using flat record carriers, e.g. disc, card

|  | G11B 25/06 |
· | using web-form record carriers, e.g. tape

|  | G11B 25/08 |
· | using filamentary record carriers, e.g. wire

|  | G11B 25/10 |
· | Apparatus capable of using record carriers defined in more than one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 25/02-G11B 25/08

|  | G11B 27/00 |
Editing; Indexing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel [2]

|  | G11B 27/02 |
· | Editing, e.g. varying the order of signals reproduced from record carrier

|  | G11B 27/04 |
· · | using differential drive of record carrier and head

|  | G11B 27/06 |
· · | Cutting and rejoining; Notching, or perforating record carriers otherwise than by recording styli (record carriers with provision for splicing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/20)

|  | G11B 27/08 |
· · | Re-recording only part of the information

|  | G11B 27/10 |
· | Indexing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel [2]

|  | G11B 27/12 |
· · | linearly related to time or travel

|  | G11B 27/14 |
· · · | Measuring or indicating elapsed time or travel

|  | G11B 27/16 |
· · · | Indicating time or travel remaining available; Warning of imminent termination

|  | G11B 27/18 |
· · | non-linearly related to time or travel

|  | G11B 27/20 |
· · · | using counters

|  | G11B 27/22 |
· · | Means responsive to presence or absence of recorded signals

|  | G11B 27/24 |
· · | by sensing features on the record carrier other than the transducing track (for controlling purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00)

|  | G11B 27/26 |
· · · | by photoelectric detection, e.g. of sprocket holes

|  | G11B 27/28 |
· · | by using signals recorded by the same method as the main recording

|  | G11B 27/30 |
· · · | on the same track as the main recording

|  | G11B 27/32 |
· · · | on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier

|  | G11B 27/34 |
· · | Indicating arrangements (indicating measured values in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G11B 27/36 |
· | Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing

|  | G11B 31/00 |
Arrangements for the associated working of recording or reproducing apparatus with related apparatus (with cameras or projectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 31/00)

|  | G11B 31/02 |
· | with automatic musical instruments