|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

CHEMISTRY

|  | C01 |
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B; production of non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B)

|  | C02 |
TREATMENT WATER, WASTE WATER AND SEWAGE (distilling, filtering, separating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01)

|  | C03 |
GLASS; MINERAL AND SLAG WOOL

|  | C04 |
CEMENTS; CERAMICS, etc.; SOUND OR THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS

|  | C04 |
Note(s) This class does not include mechanical features provided for elsewhere, g. mechanical working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28, mechanical aspects of coating, e.g. applying glazes by brushing, dipping, spraying, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44, kilns Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.

|  | C05 |
MANUFACTURE OF FERTILISERS

|  | C05 |
Note(s) An ingredient in a mixture of fertilisers, or a single fertiliser which contains more than one of the chemical elements on which the subdivision into sub-classes is based, is classified only in the first of the appropriate sub-classes. Thus, a nitrophosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C, magnesium phosphate is classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05B but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05D, and calcium cyanamide in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05C but not in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C05D. In this class it is desirable to add, in conformity with paragraph 61 of the Guide, after the double oblique stroke the symbols relating to complementary information concerning individual constituents of an invention unit which is already classified as such. This complementary information concerns the indication of ingredients of a mixture of different fertilisers or of fertilisers with non-fertilisers.

|  | C06 |
EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES

|  | C07 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulphides, and oxysulphides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid and salts thereof Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01; macromolecular compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08; dyes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09; fermentation products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 3/00)

|  | C07 |
Note(s) Salts of a compound, unless specifically provided for, are classified as that compound, e.g. aniline hydrochloride is classified as containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 87/52), sodium oxalate is classified as oxalic acid (in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 55/06), and a mercaptide is classified as the mercaptan. Metal chelates are dealt with in the same way. Similarly, metal alcoholates and metal phenates are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C and not in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F— the alcoholates in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 31/28-C07C 31/32 and the phenates as the corresponding phenols in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 39/00. Salts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified as the compound providing the essential ion with secondary classification as the compound providing the other ion. In the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is always classified in the last appropriate place in the classification system, e.g. a compound containing an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, and a sterol is classified only as a cyclopentanophenanthrene compound. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/25, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/26), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system. Albumens, proteins, alkaloids of unknown structure, glucosides of unknown structure are examples of compounds to be found unter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07G. Inventions dealing with chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation should be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed when such groups exist. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed when such groups exist. The compounds prepared may be secondarily classified in the groups for the types of compounds prepared.

|  | C08 |
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (production of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01)

|  | C09 |
DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITIONS; MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS

|  | C10 |
PETROLEUM, GAS AND COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

|  | C11 |
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES (edible oil or fat compositions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A23)

|  | C12 |
FERMENTATION INDUSTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; YEAST

|  | C13 |
SUGAR OR STARCH INDUSTRY (malt Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12C)

|  | C14 |
SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER

METALLURGY

|  | C21 |
METALLURGY OF IRON

|  | C22 |
METALLURGY (of iron Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS (production of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25)

|  | C23 |
WORKING OR TREATMENT OF METALS, OTHER THAN BY MECHANICAL MEANS; COVERING MATERIALS WITH METALS (decorating textiles by metallising Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06Q 1/04); INHIBITING CORROSION OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL (treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25F)

|  | C25 |
ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR (electrodialysis, electro-osmosis, separation of liquids by electricity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; electrolytic machining Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; electroless, i.e. chemical, plating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23C; anodic or cathodic protection Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23F; electrolytic production of single crystals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J 17/00; electrochemical methods of analysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N; electrochemical measuring, indicating or recording devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; electrolytic circuit elements, e.g. capacitors, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01G; electrochemical current or voltage generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01M) [2]

|  | C25 |
Note(s) Inventions dealing with electrolytic or electrophoretic processes and apparatus or operational features are classified (a) under the groups for the compounds or articles produced, and (b) under the groups provided for the apparatus or operational features. [2] The electrolytic or eletrophoretic purification of liquids is classified in the classes appropriate to the nature of the liquid, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01K 63/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02B 1/82, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C02C 5/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25B 15/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25D 21/16, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25F 7/02).