F SECTION F MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGLIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING F01 MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines F02;machines for liquids F03, F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES F01B MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES (of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F01C;of non-positive-displacement type F01D; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F16C; flywheels F16F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F16H; pistons, piston-rods, cylinders, for engines in general F16J) F01B0001000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements (F01B0003000000, F01B0005000000 take precedence);; F01B0001010000 with one single cylinder F01B0001020000 with cylinders all in one line F01B0001040000 with cylinders in V-arrangement F01B0001060000 with cylinders in star or fan arrangement F01B0001080000 with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type F01B0001100000 with more than one main shaft, e.g. coupled to common output shaft (combinations of two or more machines or engines F01B0021000000);; F01B0001120000 Separate cylinder-crankcase elements coupled together to form a unit F01B0003000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F01B0003020000 with wobble-plate F01B0003040000 the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces F01B0003060000 by multi-turn helical surfaces and automatic reversal F01B0003080000 the helices being arranged on the pistons F01B0003100000 Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto (suitable for more general application F01L);; F01B0005000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main shaft axis F01B0007000000 Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders (in opposite arrangement relative to main shaft F01B0001080000);; F01B0007020000 with oppositely reciprocating pistons F01B0007040000 acting on same main shaft F01B0007060000 using only connecting-rods for conversion of reciprocatory into rotary motion or ; vice versa F01B0007080000 with side rods F01B0007100000 having piston-rod of one piston passed through other piston F01B0007120000 using rockers and connecting-rods F01B0007140000 acting on different main shafts F01B0007160000 with pistons synchronously moving in tandem arrangement F01B0007180000 with differential piston (F01B0007200000 takes precedence);; F01B0007200000 with two or more pistons reciprocating one within another, e.g. one piston forming cylinder of the other F01B0009000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups (connections disengageable during idling F01B0031240000);; F01B0009020000 with crankshaft F01B0009040000 with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft F01B0009060000 the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces F01B0009080000 with ratchet and pawl F01B0011000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type F01B0011020000 Equalising or cushioning devices F01B0011040000 Engines combined with reciprocatory driven devices, e.g. hammers (with pumps F01B0023080000;predominating aspects of driven devices, see the relevant classes for the devices); F01B0011060000 for generating vibration only F01B0011080000 with direct fluid transmission link (F01B0011020000 takes precedence);; F01B0013000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion (machines or engines of flexible-wall type F01B0019000000);; F01B0013020000 with one cylinder only F01B0013040000 with more than one cylinder F01B0013060000 in star arrangement F01B0015000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with movable cylinders other than provided for in group F01B0013000000; (with movable cylinder sleeves for working-fluid control F01L);; F01B0015020000 with reciprocating cylinders (with one piston within another F01B0007200000);; F01B0015040000 with oscillating cylinder F01B0015060000 Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto F01B0017000000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle F01B0017020000 Engines F01B0017040000 Steam engines F01B0019000000 Positive-displacement machines or engines of flexible-wall type F01B0019020000 with plate-like flexible members F01B0019040000 with tubular flexible members F01B0021000000 Combinations of two or more machines or engines (F01B0023000000 takes precedence;regulating or controlling, see the relevant groupscombinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H) F01B0021020000 the machines or engines being all of reciprocating-piston type F01B0021040000 the machines or engines being not all of reciprocating-piston type, e.g. of reciprocating steam engine with steam turbine F01B0023000000 Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (F01B0011000000 takes precedence, aspects predominantly concerning driven devices see the relevant classes for these devices;regulating or controlling, see the relevant groupsfluid gearing F16H) F01B0023020000 Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangements in vehicles, see the relevant classes for vehicles);; F01B0023040000 the vehicles being waterborne vessels F01B0023060000 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like F01B0023080000 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps F01B0023100000 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators F01B0023120000 Adaptations for driving rolling mills or other heavy reversing machinery F01B0025000000 Regulating, controlling, or safety means (regulating or controlling in general G05);; F01B0025020000 Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity (distributing or expansion valve gear F01L);; F01B0025040000 Sensing elements F01B0025060000 responsive to speed F01B0025080000 Final actuators F01B0025100000 Arrangements or adaptations of working-fluid admission for discharge valves (valves per se F16K);; F01B0025120000 Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted (sensing elements alone F01B0025040000;final actuators alone F01B0025080000) F01B0025140000 peculiar to particular kinds of machines or engines F01B0025160000 Safety means responsive to specific conditions (against water hammer or the like in steam engines F01B0031340000);; F01B0025180000 preventing rotation in wrong direction F01B0025200000 Checking operation of safety devices F01B0025220000 Braking by redirecting working fluid F01B0025240000 thereby regenerating energy F01B0025260000 Warning devices F01B0027000000 Starting of machines or engines (starting combustion engines F02N);; F01B0027020000 of reciprocating-piston engines F01B0027040000 by directing working-fluid supply, e.g. by aid of by-pass steam conduits F01B0027060000 specially for compound engines F01B0027080000 Means for moving crank off dead-centre (turning-gear in general F16H);; F01B0029000000 Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups F01B0029020000 Atmospheric engines, i.e. atmosphere acting against vacuum F01B0029040000 characterised by means for converting from one type to a different one F01B0029060000 from steam engine into combustion engine F01B0029080000 Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for F01B0029100000 Engines (refrigerating expansion engines F25B);; F01B0029120000 Steam engines (toy steam engines A63H0025000000);; F01B0031000000 Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups (machine or engine casings, other than those peculiar to steam engines, F16M);; F01B0031020000 De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena F01B0031040000 Means for equalising torque in reciprocating-piston machines or engines (compensation of inertial forces, suppression of vibration in systems F16F);; F01B0031060000 Means for compensating relative expansion of component parts F01B0031080000 Cooling of steam engines (cooling of fluid machines or engines in general F01P);;Heating; Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L0059000000);; F01B0031100000 Lubricating arrangements of steam engines (of fluid machines or engines in general F01M);; F01B0031120000 Arrangements of measuring or indicating devices (warning apparatus F01B0025260000;measuring instruments or the like per se G01) F01B0031140000 Changing of compression ratio F01B0031160000 Silencers specially adapted for steam engines (arrangements of exhaust pipes or tubes on steam engines F01B0031300000;gas-flow silencers or exhaust silencers for machines or engines in general F01N) F01B0031180000 Draining F01B0031200000 of cylinders F01B0031220000 Idling devices, e.g. having by-passing valves F01B0031240000 Disengagement of connections between pistons and main shafts F01B0031260000 Other component parts, details, or accessories, peculiar to steam engines F01B0031280000 Cylinders or cylinder covers F01B0031300000 Arrangements of steam conduits F01B0031320000 Arrangements or adaptations of vacuum breakers F01B0031340000 Safety means against water hammer or against the penetration of water (steam traps per se F16T);; F01B0031360000 automatically cutting-off steam supply F01C ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES F01C0001000000 Rotary-piston machines or engines (with axes of co-operating members non-parallel F01C0003000000;with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F01C0005000000; with fluid ring or the like F01C0007000000; rotary-piston machines or engines in which the working fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons F01B0013000000) F01C0001020000 of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members F01C0001040000 of internal-axis type F01C0001060000 of other than internal-axis type (coaxial type F01C0001420000);; F01C0001080000 of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing F01C0001100000 of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, than the inner member F01C0001120000 of other than internal-axis type F01C0001140000 with toothed rotary pistons F01C0001160000 with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type F01C0001180000 with similar tooth forms (F01C0001160000 takes precedence);; F01C0001200000 with dissimilar tooth forms (F01C0001160000 takes precedence);; F01C0001220000 of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of interengagement the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member F01C0001240000 of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions F01C0001260000 of internal-axis type F01C0001280000 of other than internal-axis type F01C0001300000 Rotary-piston machines or engines not restricted to only one of the sub-groups ; F01C0001020000, F01C0001080000, F01C0001220000; or F01C0001240000 F01C0001320000 having both the movements defined in sub-group ; F01C0001020000 and relative reciprocation between members F01C0001340000 having the movements defined in sub-group ; F01C0001080000; or F01C0001220000 and relative reciprocation between members F01C0001360000 having both the movements defined in sub-groups ; F01C0001220000 and F01C0001240000 F01C0001380000 having the movement defined in ; F01C0001020000 and having a hinged member F01C0001400000 having the movement defined in ; F01C0001080000 and having a hinged member F01C0001420000 with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential distance F01C0003000000 Rotary-piston machines or engines with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members (with the working-chamber walls being at least partly resiliently deformable F01C0005000000);; F01C0003020000 the axes being arranged at an angle of 90° F01C0003040000 with axially-sliding vanes F01C0003060000 the axes being arranged otherwise than at an angle of 90 F01C0003080000 of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing F01C0005000000 Rotary-piston machines or engines with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F01C0005020000 the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the inner member, e.g. of a rotary piston F01C0005040000 the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the outer member, e.g. of a housing F01C0005060000 the resiliently-deformable wall being a separate member F01C0005080000 of tubular form, e.g. hose F01C0007000000 Rotary-piston machines or engines with fluid ring or the like F01C0009000000 Oscillating-piston machines or engines F01C0011000000 Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type (F01C0013000000 takes precedence;combinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H) F01C0013000000 Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for these devices);; F01C0013020000 for driving hand-held tools or the like F01C0013040000 for driving pumps or compressors F01C0017000000 Arrangements for drive of co-operating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing F01C0017020000 of toothed-gearing type F01C0017040000 of cam-and-follower type F01C0017060000 using cranks, universal joints, or similar elements F01C0019000000 Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines (sealings in general F16J);; F01C0019020000 Radially-movable sealings for working fluids F01C0019040000 of rigid material F01C0019060000 of resilient material F01C0019080000 Axially-movable sealings for working fluids F01C0019100000 Sealings for working fluids between radially and axially movable parts F01C0019120000 for other than working fluid F01C0021000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups F01C0021020000 Arrangements of bearings (bearing constructions F16C);; F01C0021040000 Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M);; F01C0021060000 Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P);;Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L);; F01C0021080000 Rotary pistons (reciprocating pistons in general F16J);; F01C0021100000 Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings (casings for rotary engines or machines in general F16M);; F01C0021120000 Control of working-fluid admission or discharge (suitable for more general application F01L);; F01C0021140000 for variable fluid distribution F01C0021160000 Other regulation or control F01D NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES F01D0001000000 Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines (with working-fluid flows in opposite axial directions for balancing axial thrust F01D0003020000;with other than pure rotation F01D0023000000; turbines characterised by their use in special steam systems, cycles, or processes, regulating devices therefor F01K) F01D0001020000 with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines (of reaction type F01D0001180000);; F01D0001040000 traversed by the fluid substantially axially F01D0001060000 traversed by the fluid substantially radially F01D0001080000 having inward flow F01D0001100000 having two or more stages subjected to working-fluid flow without essential intermediate pressure change, i.e. with velocity stages (F01D0001120000 takes precedence);; F01D0001120000 with repeated action on same blade ring F01D0001140000 traversed by the fluid substantially radially F01D0001160000 characterised by having both reaction stages and impulse stages F01D0001180000 of reaction type (with pressure-velocity transformation exclusively in rotor F01D0001320000);; F01D0001200000 traversed by the fluid substantially axially F01D0001220000 traversed by the fluid substantially radially F01D0001240000 characterised by counter-rotating rotors subjected to same working-fluid stream without intermediate stator blades or the like F01D0001260000 traversed by the fluid substantially axially F01D0001280000 traversed by the fluid substantially radially F01D0001300000 characterised by having a single rotor operable in either direction of rotation, e.g. by reversing of blades (combinations of machines or engines F01D0013000000);; F01D0001320000 with pressure-velocity transformation exclusively in rotor F01D0001340000 characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes (sirens G10);; F01D0001360000 using fluid friction F01D0003000000 Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working fluid F01D0003020000 characterised by having one fluid flow in one axial direction and another fluid flow in the opposite direction F01D0003040000 axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like F01D0005000000 Blades; Blade-carrying members (nozzle boxes F01D0009020000);;Heating, heat-insulating, cooling, or antivibration means on the blades or the members F01D0005020000 Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors (rotors of non-bladed type F01D0001340000;stators F01D0009000000) F01D0005040000 for radial-flow machines or engines F01D0005060000 Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple-disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections F01D0005080000 Heating, heat-insulating, or cooling means F01D0005100000 Antivibration means F01D0005120000 Blades (blade roots F01D0005300000;rotors with blades adjustable in operation F01D0007000000; stator blades F01D0009020000) F01D0005140000 Form or construction (selecting particular materials, measures against erosion or corrosion F01D0005280000);; F01D0005160000 for counteracting blade vibration F01D0005180000 Hollow blades; Heating, heat-insulating, or cooling means on blades F01D0005200000 Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator F01D0005220000 Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. by shrouding F01D0005240000 using wire or the like F01D0005260000 Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections F01D0005280000 Selecting particular materials; Measures against erosion or corrosion F01D0005300000 Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots F01D0005320000 Locking, e.g. by final locking-blades or keys F01D0005340000 Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction F01D0007000000 Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof (for reversing F01D0001300000);; F01D0007020000 having adjustment responsive to speed F01D0009000000 Stators (non-fluid guiding aspects of casings, regulating, controlling, or safety aspects, see the relevant groups);; F01D0009020000 Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits F01D0009040000 forming ring or sector F01D0009060000 Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like F01D0011000000 Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages (sealings in general F16J);; F01D0011020000 by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type (for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator F01D0011080000);; F01D0011040000 using sealing fluid, e.g. steam F01D0011060000 Control thereof F01D0011080000 for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator (specially-shaped blade tips therefor F01D0005200000);; F01D0011100000 using sealing fluid, e.g. steam F01D0013000000 Combinations of two or more machines or engines (F01D0015000000 takes precedence;regulating or controlling, see the relevant groupscombinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H) F01D0013020000 Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines F01D0015000000 Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups;aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for the devices); F01D0015020000 Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangement in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes);; F01D0015040000 the vehicles being waterborne vessels F01D0015060000 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like F01D0015080000 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps F01D0015100000 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators F01D0015120000 Combinations with mechanical gearing (driven by multiple engines F01D0013000000);; F01D0017000000 Regulating or controlling by varying flow (for reversing F01D0001300000;by varying rotor blade position F01D0007000000; specially for starting F01D0019000000; shutting-down F01D0021000000; regulating or controlling in general G05) F01D0017020000 Sensing elements F01D0017040000 responsive to load F01D0017060000 responsive to speed F01D0017080000 responsive to condition of working fluid, e.g. pressure F01D0017100000 Final actuators F01D0017120000 arranged in stator parts F01D0017140000 varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits F01D0017160000 by means of nozzle vanes F01D0017180000 varying effective number of nozzles or guide conduits F01D0017200000 Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted (sensing elements alone F01D0017020000;final actuators alone F01D0017100000) F01D0017220000 the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical F01D0017240000 electrical F01D0017260000 fluid, e.g. hydraulic F01D0019000000 Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith (warming-up before starting F01D0025100000;turning or inching gear F01D0025340000) F01D0019020000 dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine casing F01D0021000000 Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for F01D0021020000 Shutting-down responsive to overspeed F01D0021040000 responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator, e.g. indicating such position F01D0021060000 Shutting-down F01D0021080000 Restoring position F01D0021100000 responsive to unwanted deposits on blades, in working-fluid conduits, or the like F01D0021120000 responsive to temperature F01D0021140000 responsive to other specific conditions F01D0021160000 Trip gear F01D0021180000 involving hydraulic means F01D0021200000 Checking operation of shut-down devices F01D0023000000 Non-positive-displacement machines or engines with movement other than pure rotation, e.g. of endless-chain type F01D0025000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups F01D0025020000 De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena F01D0025040000 Antivibration arrangements F01D0025060000 for preventing blade vibration (means on blade-carrying members or blades F01D0005000000);; F01D0025080000 Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P);;Heating; Heat insulation (of blade-carrying members, of blades F01D0005000000);; F01D0025100000 Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting F01D0025120000 Cooling F01D0025140000 Casings modified therefor (double casings F01D0025260000);; F01D0025160000 Bearings arrangement of bearings or adaptations (bearings per se F16C);; F01D0025180000 Lubricating arrangements (of machines or engines in general F01M);; F01D0025200000 using lubrication pumps F01D0025220000 using working fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant F01D0025240000 Casings (modified for heating or cooling F01D0025140000);;Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings (casings for rotary machines or engines in general F16M);; F01D0025260000 Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings F01D0025280000 Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing F01D0025300000 Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like F01D0025320000 Collecting of condensation water; Drainage F01D0025340000 Turning or inching gear F01D0025360000 using electric motors F01K STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES (gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F02;nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G21D) F01K0001000000 Steam accumulators (use of accumulators in steam engine plants F01K0003000000);; F01K0001020000 for storing steam otherwise than in a liquid F01K0001040000 for storing steam in a liquid, e.g. Ruth's type (in alkali to increase steam pressure F22B0001200000);; F01K0001060000 Internal fittings facilitating steam distribution, steam formation, or circulation (acting during charging or discharging F01K0001080000;fittings facilitating circulation through multiple accumulators F01K0001140000) F01K0001080000 Charging or discharging of accumulators with steam (peculiar to multiple accumulators F01K0001120000);; F01K0001100000 specially adapted for superheated steam F01K0001120000 Multiple accumulators; Charging, discharging, or regulating peculiar thereto F01K0001140000 Circulation F01K0001160000 Other safety or regulating means F01K0001180000 for steam pressure F01K0001200000 Other steam-accumulator parts, details, or accessories F01K0003000000 Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein (regenerating exhaust steam F01K0019000000);; F01K0003020000 Use of accumulators and specific engine types; Regulating thereof F01K0003040000 the engine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type F01K0003060000 the engine being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0003080000 Use of accumulators and the plant being specially adapted for a specific use F01K0003100000 for vehicle drive, e.g. for accumulator locomotives F01K0003120000 having two or more accumulators F01K0003140000 having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator (superheating accumulators per se F01K0001100000);; F01K0003160000 Mutual arrangement of accumulator and heater F01K0003180000 having heaters (having both steam accumulator and heater F01K0003140000;steam heaters per se F22) F01K0003200000 with heating by combustion gases of main boiler F01K0003220000 Controlling, e.g. starting, stopping F01K0003240000 with heating by separately-fired heaters F01K0003260000 with heating by steam F01K0005000000 Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type F01K0005020000 used in regenerative installation F01K0007000000 Plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine (F01K0003020000 takes precedence);;Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles, or processes (reciprocating-piston engines using uniflow principle F01B0017040000);;Regulating means peculiar to such systems, cycles, or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating F01K0007020000 the engines being of multiple-expansion type (the engines being only of turbine type F01K0007160000;the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000) F01K0007040000 Regulating means peculiar thereto F01K0007060000 the engines being of multiple-inlet-pressure type (F01K0007020000 takes precedence;the engines being only of turbine type F01K0007160000; the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000) F01K0007080000 Regulating means peculiar thereto F01K0007100000 characterised by the engine exhaust pressure (the engines being only of turbine type F01K0007160000;the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000) F01K0007120000 of condensing type F01K0007140000 Regulating means peculiar thereto F01K0007160000 the engines being only of turbine type (the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007320000;the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K0007340000) F01K0007180000 the turbine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type F01K0007200000 Regulating means peculiar thereto F01K0007220000 the turbines having inter-stage steam heating F01K0007240000 Regulating or safety means peculiar thereto F01K0007260000 the turbines having inter-stage steam accumulation F01K0007280000 Regulating means peculiar thereto F01K0007300000 the turbines using exhaust steam only F01K0007320000 the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure F01K0007340000 the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating (feed-water heaters per se F22D);; F01K0007360000 the engines being of positive-displacement type F01K0007380000 the engines being of turbine type F01K0007400000 Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series F01K0007420000 Use of desuperheaters for feed-water heating F01K0007440000 Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose F01K0009000000 Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines (by condensers structurally combined with engines F01K0011000000;steam condensers per se F28B) F01K0009020000 Arrangements or modifications of condensate or air pumps F01K0009040000 with dump valves to by-pass stages F01K0011000000 Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers F01K0011020000 the engines being turbines F01K0011040000 the boilers or condensers being rotated in use F01K0013000000 General layout or general methods of operation, of complete plants F01K0013020000 Regulating, e.g. stopping or starting F01K0015000000 Adaptations of plants for special use F01K0015020000 for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangements in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes);; F01K0015040000 the vehicles being waterborne vessels F01K0017000000 Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant (for heating feed-water F01K0007340000;returning condensate to boiler F22D) F01K0017020000 for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic (F01K0017060000 takes precedence);; F01K0017040000 for specific purposes other than heating (F01K0017060000 takes precedence);; F01K0017060000 Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel of plant F01K0019000000 Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhaust from steam engine plant (plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure F01K0005000000;returning condensate to boiler F22D) F01K0019020000 Regenerating by compression F01K0019040000 in combination with cooling or heating F01K0019060000 in engine cylinder F01K0019080000 compression done by injection apparatus, jet blower, or the like F01K0019100000 Cooling exhaust steam other than by condenser; Rendering exhaust steam invisible F01K0021000000 Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for F01K0021020000 with steam generation in engine cylinders F01K0021040000 using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas (direct-contact steam generators per se F22B);; F01K0021060000 Treating live steam, other than thermodynamically, e.g. for fighting deposits in engine F01K0023000000 Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids F01K0023020000 the engine cycles being thermally coupled F01K0023040000 condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle F01K0023060000 combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle F01K0023080000 with working fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle F01K0023100000 with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle F01K0023120000 the engines being mechanically coupled (F01K0023020000 takes precedence);; F01K0023140000 including at least one combustion engine F01K0023160000 all the engines being turbines (F01K0023140000 takes precedence);; F01K0023180000 characterised by adaptation for specific use F01K0025000000 Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for F01K0025020000 the fluid remaining in the liquid phase F01K0025040000 the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed F01K0025060000 using mixtures of different fluids (plants using mixtures of steam and gas F01K0021040000);; F01K0025080000 using special vapours F01K0025100000 the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether F01K0025120000 the vapours being metallic, e.g. mercury F01K0025140000 using industrial or other waste gases F01K0027000000 Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for F01K0027020000 Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat F01L CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES (valves in general F16K);; F01L0001000000 Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear (lift valve and valve seat assemblies per se F01L0003000000;slide-valve gear F01L0005000000; actuated non-mechanically F01L0009000000; valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod F01L0011000000; modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations F01L0013000000) F01L0001020000 Valve drive (transmitting-gear between valve drive and valve F01L0001120000);; F01L0001040000 by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics, or the like (F01L0001100000 takes precedence);; F01L0001060000 the cams, or the like, rotating at a higher speed than that corresponding to the valve cycle, e.g. operating four-stroke engine valves directly from crankshaft F01L0001080000 Shape of cams F01L0001100000 by means of crank- or eccentric-driven rods F01L0001120000 Transmitting-gear between valve drive and valve (simultaneously operating two or more valves F01L0001260000);; F01L0001140000 Tappets; Push-rods F01L0001160000 Silencing impact; Reducing wear F01L0001180000 Rocking arms or levers F01L0001200000 Adjusting or compensating clearance F01L0001220000 automatically, e.g. mechanically F01L0001240000 by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically F01L0001260000 characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift valves per cylinder (with coaxial valves F01L0001280000);; F01L0001280000 characterised by the provision of coaxial valves; characterised by the provision of valves co-operating with both intake and exhaust ports F01L0001300000 characterised by the provision of positively opened and closed valves, i.e. desmodromic valves F01L0001320000 characterised by the provision of means for rotating lift valves, e.g. to diminish wear F01L0001340000 characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening F01L0001360000 peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle F01L0001380000 for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle (F01L0001260000, F01L0001280000 take precedence);; F01L0001400000 for engines with scavenging charge near top dead-centre position, e.g. by overlapping inlet and exhaust time (scavenging aspects F02B);; F01L0001420000 for machines or engines characterised by cylinder arrangement, e.g. star or fan F01L0001440000 Multiple-valve gear or arrangements, not provided for in preceding sub-groups, e.g. with lift and different valves F01L0001460000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub-groups F01L0003000000 Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof F01L0003020000 Selecting particular materials for valve members or valve seats; Valve members or valve seats composed of two or more materials F01L0003040000 Coated valve members or valve seats F01L0003060000 Valve members or valve seats with means for guiding or deflecting the medium controlled thereby, e.g. producing a rotary motion of the drawn-in cylinder charge (for rotating lift valves F01L0001320000);; F01L0003080000 Valve guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant F01L0003100000 Connecting springs to valve members F01L0003120000 Cooling of valves F01L0003140000 by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve F01L0003160000 by means of a fluid flowing through or along valve, e.g. air (for sealing only F01L0003080000);; F01L0003180000 Liquid cooling of valve F01L0003200000 Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this group F01L0003220000 Valve seats not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this group; Fixing of valve seats F01L0003240000 Safety means or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this group F01L0005000000 Slide-valve gear or valve arrangements (with pure rotary or oscillatory movement F01L0007000000);; F01L0005020000 with other than cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves, e.g. with flat-type valves F01L0005040000 with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves F01L0005060000 surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0005080000 Arrangements with several movements or several valves, e.g. one valve inside the other (with part-annularly-shaped valves F01L0005120000);; F01L0005100000 with reciprocating and other movement of same valve F01L0005120000 Arrangements with part-annularly-shaped valves F01L0005140000 characterised by the provision of valves with reciprocating and other movements (surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0005060000);; F01L0005160000 with reciprocating and other movement of same valve, e.g. longitudinally and in cross direction of working cylinder F01L0005180000 with reciprocatory valve and other slide valve F01L0005200000 specially for two-stroke engines (F01L0005060000 and F01L0005140000 take precedence);; F01L0005220000 Multiple-valve arrangements (with valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0005060000;with reciprocatory and other slide valves F01L0005180000; specially for two-stroke engines F01L0005200000) F01L0005240000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this group F01L0007000000 Rotary or oscillatory slide-valve gear or valve arrangements (slide valves with combined rotary and non-rotary movements, combinations of rotary and non-rotary slide valves F01L0005000000);; F01L0007020000 with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves (of disc type F01L0007060000;of conical type F01L0007080000) F01L0007040000 surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0007060000 with disc-type valves F01L0007080000 with conically- or frusto-conically-shaped valves F01L0007100000 with valves of other specific shape, e.g. spherical F01L0007120000 specially for two-stroke engines (F01L0007040000 takes precedence);; F01L0007140000 Multiple-valve arrangements (with valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0007040000;specially for two-stroke engines F01L0007120000) F01L0007160000 Sealing or packing arrangements specially therefor F01L0007180000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this group F01L0009000000 Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically F01L0009020000 by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic F01L0009040000 by electric means F01L0011000000 Valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod F01L0011020000 in piston F01L0011040000 operated by movement of connecting-rod F01L0011060000 operating oscillatory valve F01L0013000000 Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations F01L0013020000 for reversing F01L0013040000 for starting by means of fluid pressure F01L0013060000 for braking F01L0013080000 for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio F01L0015000000 Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. with reciprocatory slide valves, other than provided for in groups F01L0017000000-F01L0029000000; (valve drive or external valve-adjustment during operation, see the relevant groups, e.g. F01L0031000000;tripping-gear or tripping of valves F01L0031000000) F01L0015020000 with valves other than cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped, e.g. flat D-valves F01L0015040000 main valve being combined with auxiliary valve (of drag-valve type F01L0015100000);; F01L0015060000 of Meyer or Rider type, i.e. in which the expansion is varied at the expansion valve itself F01L0015080000 with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves; Such main valves combined with auxiliary valves F01L0015100000 with main slide valve and auxiliary valve dragged thereby F01L0015120000 characterised by having means for effecting pressure equilibrium between two different cylinder spaces at idling F01L0015140000 Arrangements with several co-operating main valves, e.g. reciprocatory and rotary F01L0015160000 with reciprocatory slide valves only F01L0015180000 Valve arrangements not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this main group F01L0015200000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub-groups of this group F01L0017000000 Slide-valve gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L0017020000 Drive, or adjustment during operation, peculiar thereto, e.g. for reciprocating and oscillating movements or for several valves one inside the other F01L0019000000 Slide-valve gear or valve arrangements with reciprocatory and other movement of same valve, other than provided for in group ; F01L0017000000, e.g. longitudinally of working cylinder and in cross direction F01L0019020000 Drive, or adjustment during operation, peculiar thereto F01L0021000000 Use of working pistons or piston-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines F01L0021020000 Piston or piston-rod used as valve member F01L0021040000 Valves arranged in or on piston or piston-rod F01L0023000000 Valves controlled by impact of piston, e.g. in free-piston machines F01L0025000000 Drive, or adjustment during operation, of distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means F01L0025020000 by fluid means F01L0025040000 by working fluid of machine or engine, e.g. free-piston machine F01L0025060000 Arrangements with main and auxiliary valves, at least one of them being fluid-driven F01L0025080000 by electric or magnetic means F01L0027000000 Distribution or expansion-valve gear peculiar to free-piston machines or engines and not provided for in groups ; F01L0021000000-F01L0025000000 F01L0027020000 the machine or engine having rotary or oscillatory valves F01L0027040000 Delayed-action controls, e.g. of cataract- or dash-pot-type F01L0029000000 Reversing-gear (equally usable for control of degree of working fluid admission, and reversing being of secondary importance F01L0031000000);; F01L0029020000 by displacing eccentric F01L0029040000 by links or guide rods F01L0029060000 by interchanging inlet and exhaust ports F01L0029080000 specially for rotary or oscillatory valves F01L0029100000 Details, e.g. drive F01L0029120000 Powered reverse gear F01L0031000000 Valve drive, valve adjustment during operation, or other valve control, not provided for in groups F01L0015000000-F01L0029000000; (sensing elements measuring the variable or condition to be controlled or regulated F01B);; F01L0031020000 with tripping-gear (for oscillatory valves F01L0031060000);;Tripping of valves F01L0031040000 with positively-driven trip levers F01L0031060000 with tripping-gear specially for oscillatory valves; Oscillatory tripping-valves, e.g. of Corliss type F01L0031080000 Valve drive or valve adjustment, apart from tripping aspects; Positively-driven gear F01L0031100000 the drive being effected by eccentrics (F01L0031140000 takes precedence);; F01L0031120000 Valve adjustment by displacing eccentric F01L0031140000 Valve adjustment by links or guide rods, e.g. in valve-gears with eccentric drive F01L0031160000 the drive being effected by specific means other than eccentric, e.g. cams; Valve adjustment in connection with such drives F01L0031180000 specially for rotary or oscillatory valves F01L0031200000 Valve adjustment F01L0031220000 specially for lift valves F01L0031240000 Valve adjustment F01L0033000000 Rotary or oscillatory slide-valve gear or valve arrangements F01L0033020000 rotary F01L0033040000 oscillatory F01L0035000000 Lift-valve gear or valve arrangements F01L0035020000 Valves F01L0035040000 Arrangements of valves in the machine or engine, e.g. relative to working cylinder F01M LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (lubricating in general F16N);;LUBRICATING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING F01M0001000000 Pressure lubrication F01M0001020000 using lubricating pumps (pumps in general F04;lubricating pumps per se F16N) F01M0001040000 using pressure in working cylinder or crankcase to operate lubricant-feeding devices F01M0001060000 Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting-rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores (crankshafts, connecting-rods, per se F16C);; F01M0001080000 Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant-jetting means F01M0001100000 Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters F01M0001120000 Closed-circuit lubricating systems not provided for in groups ; F01M0001020000-F01M0001100000 F01M0001140000 Timed lubrication (F01M0001080000 takes precedence);; F01M0001160000 Controlling lubricant pressure or quantity (rendering machines or engines inoperative or idling on lubricant-pressure failure F01M0001220000);; F01M0001180000 Indicating or safety devices (concerning lubricant level F01M0011060000, F01M0011120000);; F01M0001200000 concerning lubricant pressure F01M0001220000 rendering machines or engines inoperative or idling on pressure failure F01M0001240000 acting on engine fuel system F01M0001260000 acting on engine ignition system F01M0001280000 acting on engine combustion-air supply F01M0003000000 Lubrication specially adapted for engines with crankcase compression of fuel-air mixture, or for other engines in which lubricant is contained in fuel, combustion air, or fuel-air mixture (separating lubricant from air or fuel-air mixture before entry into cylinder F01M0011080000);; F01M0003020000 with variable proportion of lubricant to fuel, lubricant to air, or lubricant to fuel-air mixture F01M0003040000 for upper cylinder lubrication only F01M0005000000 Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant (arrangement of lubricant coolers in engine cooling system F01P0011080000);;Lubrication means facilitating engine starting F01M0005020000 Conditioning lubricant for aiding engine starting, e.g. heating F01M0005040000 Diluting, e.g. with fuel F01M0007000000 Lubrication means specially adapted for machine or engine running-in F01M0009000000 Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01M0001000000-F01M0007000000 F01M0009020000 having means for introducing additives to lubricant F01M0009040000 Use of fuel as lubricant F01M0009060000 Dip or splash lubrication F01M0009080000 Drip lubrication F01M0009100000 Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries F01M0009120000 Non-pressurised lubrication, or non-closed-circuit lubrication, not otherwise provided for F01M0011000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01M0001000000-F01M0009000000 F01M0011020000 Arrangements of lubricant conduits F01M0011040000 Filling or draining lubricant of or from machines or engines F01M0011060000 Means for keeping lubricant level constant or for accommodating movement or position of machines or engines F01M0011080000 Separating lubricant from air or fuel-air mixture before entry into cylinder (separating in general B01D);; F01M0011100000 Indicating devices; Other safety devices F01M0011120000 concerning lubricant level F01M0013000000 Crankcase ventilating or breathing F01M0013020000 by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure F01M0013040000 having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil F01M0013060000 specially adapted for submersible engines, e.g. of armoured vehicles F01N GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M0035000000;protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K0011000000) F01N0001000000 Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing F01N0001020000 by using resonance F01N0001040000 having sound-absorbing materials in resonance chambers F01N0001060000 by using interference effect F01N0001080000 by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling F01N0001100000 in combination with sound-absorbing materials F01N0001120000 using spirally- or helically-shaped channels (F01N0001100000 takes precedence;cyclones B04C) F01N0001140000 by adding air to exhaust gases F01N0001160000 by using movable parts F01N0001180000 having rotary movement F01N0001200000 having oscillating or vibrating movement (the parts being resilient walls F01N0001220000);; F01N0001220000 the parts being resilient walls F01N0001240000 by using sound-absorbing materials (F01N0001040000, F01N0001060000, F01N0001100000, F01N0001140000, F01N0001160000 take precedence);; F01N0003000000 Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust F01N0003020000 for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust F01N0003040000 using liquids F01N0003060000 for extinguishing sparks F01N0003080000 for rendering innocuous F01N0003100000 by burning, e.g. by after-burning using additional air F01N0003120000 adding fuel (F01N0003140000 takes precedence);; F01N0003140000 having igniting means (F01N0003150000 takes precedence);; F01N0003150000 catalytic F01N0003160000 by other chemical processes F01N0005000000 Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy (predominant aspects of such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices;using kinetic or wave energy of exhaust gases in exhaust systems for charging F02B) F01N0005020000 the devices using heat F01N0005040000 the devices using kinetic energy F01N0007000000 Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01N0001000000-F01N0005000000 F01N0007020000 Apparatus having two or more separate silencers in series F01N0007040000 Apparatus having two or more silencers in parallel, e.g. having interconnections for multi-cylinder engines F01N0007060000 specially adapted for star-arrangement of cylinders, e.g. exhaust manifolds F01N0007080000 Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits (pipes in general F16L);; F01N0007100000 of exhaust manifolds F01N0007120000 specially adapted for submerged exhausting F01N0007140000 having thermal insulation F01N0007160000 Selection of particular materials F01N0007180000 Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly F01N0007200000 Flared outlets, e.g. of fish-tail shape F01P COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (heat exchange in general, radiators F28);; F01P0001000000 Air cooling F01P0001020000 Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads, e.g. ducting cooling-air from its pressure source to cylinders or along cylinders F01P0001040000 Arrangements for cooling pistons F01P0001060000 Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts F01P0001080000 for cooling intake or exhaust valves F01P0001100000 for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs F01P0003000000 Liquid cooling F01P0003020000 Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads F01P0003040000 Liquid-to-air heat-exchangers combined with, or arranged on, cylinders or cylinder heads F01P0003060000 Arrangements for cooling pistons F01P0003080000 Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets F01P0003100000 Cooling by flow of coolant through pistons F01P0003120000 Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts F01P0003140000 for cooling intake or exhaust valves F01P0003160000 for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs F01P0003180000 Arrangement or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers (such arrangements on cylinders or cylinder heads F01P0003040000;relative to vehicles B60K0011040000) F01P0003200000 Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine (F01P0003220000 takes precedence);; F01P0003220000 characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles (other cooling by evaporation F01P0009020000);;characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point F01P0005000000 Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants (controlling circulation or supply of coolants by influencing drive of pumps F01P0007000000);; F01P0005020000 Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers F01P0005040000 Pump-driving arrangements F01P0005060000 Guiding or ducting air to or from ducted fans F01P0005080000 Use of engine exhaust gases for pumping cooling-air F01P0005100000 Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps F01P0005120000 Pump-driving arrangements F01P0005140000 Safety means against, or active at, failure of coolant-pump drives, e.g. shutting engine down; Means for indicating functioning of coolant pumps F01P0007000000 Controlling of coolant flow F01P0007020000 the coolant being cooling-air F01P0007040000 by varying pump speed, e.g. by changing pump-drive gear ratio F01P0007060000 by varying blade pitch F01P0007080000 by cutting in or out of pumps F01P0007100000 by throttling amount of air flowing through liquid-to-air heat-exchangers F01P0007120000 by thermostatic control F01P0007140000 the coolant being liquid F01P0007160000 by thermostatic control F01P0009000000 Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P0001000000-F01P0007000000; (profiting from waste heat of combustion-engine cooling F02G0005000000);; F01P0009020000 Cooling by evaporation, e.g. by spraying water on to cylinders (evaporation and condensation of liquid coolant in closed cycles F01P0003220000);; F01P0009040000 by simultaneous or alternative use of direct air cooling and liquid cooling (F01P0009020000 takes precedence);; F01P0009060000 by use of refrigerating apparatus, e.g. of compressor or absorber type F01P0011000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F01P0001000000-F01P0009000000 F01P0011020000 Liquid-coolant overflow, venting, or draining devices (automatic draining during freezing conditions F01P0011200000);; F01P0011040000 Arrangements of liquid pipes or hoses F01P0011060000 Cleaning (in general B08B);;Combating corrosion (in general C23F);; F01P0011080000 Arrangements of lubricant coolers (in lubrication apparatus F01M);; F01P0011100000 Guiding or ducting cooling-air to or from liquid-to-air heat-exchangers F01P0011120000 Filtering, cooling, or silencing cooling-air F01P0011140000 Indicating devices; Other safety devices F01P0011160000 concerning coolant temperature (F01P0011200000 takes precedence);; F01P0011180000 concerning coolant pressure, coolant flow, or liquid-coolant level F01P0011200000 concerning atmospheric freezing conditions, e.g. automatically draining or heating during frosty weather F02 COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves therefor, lubricating, exhausting, or silencing engines F01);;HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS F02B INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (plants in which engines use combustion products F02C, F02G;internal-combustion turbines F02C) F02B0001000000 Engines with fuel-air mixture compression F02B0001020000 with positive ignition (with non-timed positive ignition F02B0009060000);; F02B0001040000 with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder F02B0001060000 Methods of operating F02B0001080000 with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder F02B0001100000 Methods of operating F02B0001120000 with compression ignition (with fuel-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B0007000000);; F02B0001140000 Methods of operating F02B0003000000 Engines with air compression and subsequent fuel addition F02B0003020000 with positive ignition (with non-timed positive ignition F02B0009060000);; F02B0003040000 Methods of operating F02B0003060000 with compression ignition (F02B0013020000 takes precedence;with fuel-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel F02B0007000000) F02B0003080000 Methods of operating (F02B0003120000 takes precedence);; F02B0003100000 with intermittent fuel introduction F02B0003120000 Methods of operating F02B0005000000 Engines with positive ignition (F02B0001020000, F02B0003020000 take precedence;with non-timed positive ignition F02B0009060000) F02B0005020000 Methods of operating F02B0007000000 Engines with fuel-air charge ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel (with pre-combustion chambers F02B0019000000);; F02B0007020000 the fuel in the charge being liquid F02B0007040000 Methods of operating F02B0007060000 the fuel in the charge being gaseous F02B0007080000 Methods of operating F02B0009000000 Engines characterised by other types of ignition F02B0009020000 with compression ignition (F02B0001120000, F02B0003060000 take precedence);; F02B0009040000 Methods of operating F02B0009060000 with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots F02B0009080000 with incandescent chambers F02B0009100000 Chamber shapes or constructions F02B0011000000 Engines with both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or with both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders F02B0011020000 convertible from fuel-air mixture compression to air compression or ; vice versa F02B0013000000 Engines with introduction of fuel into cylinders by use of auxiliary fluid F02B0013020000 Compression ignition engines using air or gas for blowing fuel into compressed air in cylinder F02B0013040000 Arrangements or adaptations of pumps F02B0013060000 Engines having secondary air mixed with fuel in pump, compressed therein without ignition, and fuel-air mixture being injected into air in cylinder F02B0013080000 Arrangements or adaptations of pumps F02B0013100000 Use of specific auxiliary fluids, e.g. steam, combustion gas F02B0015000000 Engines characterised by method of introducing fuel into cylinders and not otherwise provided for F02B0015020000 having means for sucking fuel directly into cylinder F02B0017000000 Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders F02B0019000000 Engines with precombustion chambers F02B0019020000 the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder F02B0019040000 the isolation being effected by a protuberance on piston or cylinder head F02B0019060000 with auxiliary piston in chamber for transferring ignited charge to cylinder space F02B0019080000 the chamber being of air-swirl type F02B0019100000 with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder (F02B0019020000-F02B0019080000; take precedence);; F02B0019120000 with positive ignition (F02B0019020000-F02B0019100000; take precedence);; F02B0019140000 with compression ignition (F02B0019020000-F02B0019100000; take precedence);; F02B0019160000 Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups ; F02B0019020000-F02B0019100000 F02B0019180000 Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder F02B0021000000 Engines having air-storage chambers F02B0021020000 Chamber shapes or constructions F02B0023000000 Other engines having special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation F02B0023020000 with compression ignition F02B0023040000 the combustion space being subdivided into two or more chambers (with pre-combustion chambers F02B0019000000);; F02B0023060000 the combustion space being arranged in working piston (F02B0023040000 takes precedence);; F02B0023080000 with positive ignition F02B0023100000 with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder F02B0025000000 Engines using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders F02B0025020000 using unidirectional scavenging F02B0025040000 Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke F02B0025060000 the cylinder-head ports being controlled by working pistons, e.g. by sleeve-shaped extensions thereof F02B0025080000 Engines with oppositely-moving reciprocating working pistons F02B0025100000 with one piston having a smaller diameter or shorter stroke than the other F02B0025120000 Engines with U-shaped cylinders, having ports in each arm F02B0025140000 using reverse-flow scavenging, i.e. with both inlet and outlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke F02B0025160000 the charge flowing upward essentially along cylinder wall opposite the inlet ports F02B0025180000 the charge flowing upward essentially along cylinder wall adjacent the inlet ports, e.g. by means of deflection rib on piston F02B0025200000 Means for reducing the mixing of charge and combustion residues or for preventing escape of fresh charge through outlet ports, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, sub-groups ; F02B0025020000-F02B0025180000 F02B0025220000 by forming air cushion between charge and combustion residues F02B0025240000 Inlet or outlet openings being timed asymmetrically relative to bottom dead-centre F02B0025260000 Multi-cylinder engines other than those provided for in, or of interest apart from, sub-groups F02B0025020000-F02B0025240000; (with movable cylinders F02B0057000000);; F02B0025280000 with V-, fan-, or star-arrangement of cylinders F02B0027000000 Using kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues (use of driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge F02B0033420000);; F02B0027020000 the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means (in exhaust systems only F02B0027060000);; F02B0027040000 in exhaust systems only, e.g. for sucking-off combustion gases F02B0027060000 the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means F02B0029000000 Engines characterised by other provisions for charging or scavenging; Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02B0025000000 and F02B0027000000 F02B0029020000 Other fluid-dynamic features of induction systems for improving quantity of charge (for also imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder F02B0031000000;structural features of induction systems F02M) F02B0029040000 Cooling of air intake supply F02B0029060000 After-charging, i.e. supplementary charging after scavenging F02B0029080000 Modifying distribution valve timing for charging purposes (F02B0029060000 takes precedence;valve-gear therefor F01L) F02B0031000000 Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder (structural features of induction systems F02M);; F02B0031020000 in engines having inlet valves arranged eccentrically to cylinder axis F02B0033000000 Engines with pumps for charging or scavenging (with pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders F02B0035000000;with exhaust-driven pumps F02B0037000000) F02B0033020000 Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps F02B0033040000 with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase F02B0033060000 with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps F02B0033080000 with the working-cylinder head arranged between working and pumping cylinders F02B0033100000 with the pumping cylinder situated between working cylinder and crankcase, or with the pumping cylinder surrounding working cylinder F02B0033120000 the rear face of working piston acting as pumping member and co-operating with a pumping chamber isolated from crankcase, the connecting-rod passing through the chamber and co-operating with movable isolating member F02B0033140000 working and pumping pistons forming stepped piston F02B0033160000 working and pumping pistons having differing movements F02B0033180000 with crankshaft being arranged between working and pumping cylinders F02B0033200000 with pumping-cylinder axis arranged at an angle to working-cylinder axis, e.g. at an angle of 90° F02B0033220000 with pumping cylinder situated at side of working cylinder, e.g. the cylinders being parallel F02B0033240000 with crankcase pumps other than with reciprocating pistons only F02B0033260000 Four-stroke engines characterised by having crankcase pumps F02B0033280000 Component parts, details, or accessories of crankcase pumps not provided for in, or of interest apart from, sub-groups ; F02B0033020000-F02B0033260000 F02B0033300000 Control of inlet or outlet ports (controlling only working-cylinder inlets F01L);; F02B0033320000 Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type (with crankcase pumps F02B0033020000);; F02B0033340000 with rotary pumps (with cell-type pressure interchangers or the like F02B0033420000);; F02B0033360000 of positive-displacement type F02B0033380000 of Roots type F02B0033400000 of non-positive-displacement type F02B0033420000 with driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge, e.g. with cell-type pressure exchangers F02B0033440000 Passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet, e.g. reservoirs (cooling of charge after leaving pump F02B0029040000);; F02B0035000000 Engines with pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders F02B0035020000 using rotary pumps F02B0037000000 Engines with exhaust-driven pumps (passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet F02B0033440000);; F02B0037020000 Gas passages between engine outlet and pump drive, e.g. reservoirs F02B0037040000 Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump F02B0037060000 the pump being alternatively driven by exhaust and other drive; Control of this alternation, e.g. dependent on speed F02B0037080000 Other control of such pumps F02B0039000000 Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, but not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02B0033000000-F02B0037000000; (pumps in general F04;machine elements per se F16) F02B0039020000 Drives of pumps (exhaust drives or combined exhaust and other drives F02B0037000000);;Varying pump drive gear ratio (control acting both on engine and on pump drive gear ratio F02D);; F02B0039040000 Mechanical drives; Variable-gear-ratio drives (non-mechanical pump drives having variable gear ratio F02B0039080000);; F02B0039060000 the engine torque being divided by a differential gear for driving a pump and the engine output shaft F02B0039080000 Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio F02B0039100000 electric F02B0039120000 Drives characterised by use of couplings or clutches therein (using fluid slip couplings for varying gear ratio F02B0039080000);; F02B0039140000 Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor F02B0039160000 Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps F02B0041000000 Engines with special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power F02B0041020000 Engines with prolonged expansion F02B0041040000 in main cylinders F02B0041060000 in compound cylinders F02B0041080000 Two-stroke compound engines F02B0041100000 in exhaust turbines (use of exhaust turbines for charging F02B0037000000;turbine constructions F01D; gas-turbine plant F02C) F02B0041120000 in jet-propulsion apparatus (plants characterised by jet propulsion F02K);; F02B0043000000 Engines operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines F02B0043020000 Engines characterised by means for increasing operating efficiency F02B0043040000 for improving efficiency of combustion F02B0043060000 for enlarging charge F02B0043080000 Plants characterised by the engines using gaseous fuel generated in the plant from solid fuel, e.g. wood F02B0043100000 Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen F02B0043120000 Methods of operating F02B0045000000 Engines operating on other non-liquid fuels; Plants including such engines (plants involving generation of gaseous fuel from solid fuel F02B0043080000);; F02B0045020000 operating on powdered fuel, e.g. powdered coal (operating on fuel containing oxidant F02B0045060000);; F02B0045040000 Plants, e.g. having coal-grinding apparatus F02B0045060000 operating on fuel containing oxidant F02B0045080000 operating on other solid fuels F02B0045100000 operating on mixtures of liquid and non-liquid fuels, e.g. in pasty or foamed state F02B0047000000 Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines F02B0047020000 the substances being water or steam F02B0047040000 the substances being other than water or steam only F02B0047060000 the substances including non-airborne oxygen (F02B0047100000 takes precedence);; F02B0047080000 the substances including exhaust gas F02B0047100000 Circulation of exhaust gas in closed or semi-closed circuits, e.g. with simultaneous addition of oxygen F02B0049000000 Methods of operating air-compressing compression-ignition engines involving introduction of small quantities of fuel in the form of a fine mist into the air in the engine's intake F02B0051000000 Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines F02B0051020000 involving catalysts F02B0051040000 involving electricity or magnetism F02B0051060000 involving rays or sound waves F02B0053000000 Rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines (rotary pistons or outer members for co-operation therewith F02B0055000000);; F02B0053020000 Methods of operating F02B0053040000 Charge admission or combustion-gas discharge F02B0053060000 Valve control therefor F02B0053080000 Charging, e.g. by means of rotary-piston pump F02B0053100000 Fuel supply; Introducing fuel to combustion space F02B0053120000 Ignition F02B0053140000 Adaptations of engines for driving, or engine combinations with, other devices (aspects predominantly concerning such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices);; F02B0055000000 Rotary pistons; Outer members for co-operation therewith F02B0055020000 Pistons F02B0055040000 Cooling thereof F02B0055060000 by air or other gas F02B0055080000 Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings F02B0055100000 Cooling thereof F02B0055120000 by air or other gas F02B0055140000 Shapes or constructions of combustion chambers F02B0055160000 Admission or exhaust passages in pistons or outer members F02B0057000000 Rotary engines in which the combusted gases displace one or more reciprocating pistons F02B0057020000 Fuel or combustion-air supply (cylinder-charge admission or exhaust control F02B0057040000);; F02B0057040000 Control of cylinder-charge admission or exhaust (peculiar to two-stroke engines or to other engines with working-piston-controlled charge admission or exhaust F02B0057060000);; F02B0057060000 Two-stroke engines or other engines with working-piston-controlled cylinder-charge admission or exhaust (with combustion space in centre of star F02B0057100000);; F02B0057080000 Engines with star-shaped cylinder arrangements F02B0057100000 with combustion space in centre of star F02B0059000000 Other reciprocating-piston engines with movable, e.g. oscillating, cylinders (with yieldable walls F02B0075380000);; F02B0061000000 Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing (the engine torque being divided by a differential gear for driving a scavenging or charging pump and the engine output shaft F02B0039060000;arrangements in vehicles, see the relevant classes for vehicles); F02B0061020000 for driving cycles F02B0061040000 for driving propellers F02B0061060000 Combinations of engines with mechanical gearing (F02B0061020000, F02B0061040000 take precedence);; F02B0063000000 Adaptations of engines for driving hand-held tools, electric generators, or pumps; Portable combinations with engine-driven devices F02B0063020000 for hand-held tools F02B0063040000 for electric generators F02B0063060000 for pumps F02B0065000000 Adaptations of engines for other special use; Combinations of engines with other devices, e.g. with non-driven apparatus F02B0067000000 Engines characterised by having specially-arranged auxiliary apparatus and not otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for F02B0067020000 with specially-arranged injection pumps and scavenging or charging pumps on V-engines F02B0067040000 driving auxiliary apparatus mechanically F02B0067060000 by means of chains, belts, or like endless members F02B0067080000 driving auxiliary apparatus non-mechanically F02B0069000000 Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in group ; F02B0011000000; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types F02B0069020000 for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel F02B0069040000 for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels F02B0069060000 for different cycles, e.g. convertible from two-stroke to four-stroke F02B0071000000 Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft F02B0071020000 Starting F02B0071040000 Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);; F02B0071060000 Free-piston combustion gas generators ; per se F02B0073000000 Combinations of two or more engines, not otherwise provided for F02B0075000000 Other engines F02B0075020000 Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke F02B0075040000 Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads F02B0075060000 Engines with means for equalising torque (compensations of inertial forces, suppression of vibration in systems F16F);; F02B0075080000 Engines with means for preventing corrosion in gas-swept spaces F02B0075100000 Engines with means for rendering exhaust gases innocuous (apparatus per se F01N);; F02B0075120000 Other methods of operation F02B0075160000 Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines (F02B0075260000 takes precedence);; F02B0075180000 Multi-cylinder engines (scavenging aspects F02B0025000000);; F02B0075200000 with cylinders all in one line F02B0075220000 with cylinders in V-, fan-, or star-arrangement F02B0075240000 with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type F02B0075260000 Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis F02B0075280000 Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders (arranged oppositely relative to main shaft F02B0075240000);; F02B0075300000 with one working piston sliding inside another F02B0075320000 Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups F02B0075340000 Ultra-small engines, e.g. for driving models F02B0075360000 Engines with parts of combustion- or working-chamber walls resiliently yielding under pressure F02B0075380000 Reciprocating-piston engines (F02B0075040000 takes precedence;with resiliently-urged auxiliary piston in pre-combustion chamber F02B0019060000) F02B0075400000 Other reciprocating-piston engines F02B0077000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for F02B0077020000 Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts (of pistons or cylinders only F02F);; F02B0077040000 Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines F02B0077060000 Arrangements of purifying apparatus for liquid fuel or lubricant filters (restricted to lubricant-purifying apparatus F01M;restricted to liquid-fuel purifying apparatus F02M) F02B0077080000 Safety, indicating, or supervising devices (thermal insulators F02B0077120000);; F02B0077100000 Safety means relating to crankcase explosions F02B0077120000 Thermal insulation F02B0077140000 Engine-driven auxiliary devices combined into units F02B0079000000 Running-in of internal-combustion engines (lubrication thereof F01M);; F02C GAS-TURBINE PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D;construction of compressors or fans F04; fuel combustion apparatus in general F23; gas-turbine plant working on a refrigerating cycle F25; using gas-turbine plants in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes); F02C0001000000 Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid (the fluid being combustion products F02C0003000000);; F02C0001020000 the fluid being unheated F02C0001040000 the fluid being heated indirectly F02C0001060000 the heating being effected by reheated exhaust gas F02C0003000000 Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by combustion (by intermittent combustion F02C0005000000);; F02C0003020000 using exhaust-gas pressure in a pressure exchanger to compress combustion-air F02C0003040000 having a turbine driving a compressor F02C0003060000 the compressor being of the axial-flow type F02C0003080000 the compressor being of the centrifugal or radial flow type F02C0003100000 with another turbine driving output shaft but not driving the compressor F02C0003120000 with means for storing compressed air F02C0003140000 the chambers being associated with the turbine or compressor F02C0003160000 the combustion chambers being formed at least partly in the turbine rotor F02C0003180000 using heaters between turbine stages F02C0003200000 the fluid being generated by combustion of a specific fuel (regulating fuel supply F02C0009000000);; F02C0003220000 the fuel being gaseous F02C0003240000 the fuel being liquid F02C0003260000 the fuel being pulverulent or solid F02C0005000000 Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion F02C0005020000 the combustion chambers being associated with the turbine or compressor F02C0005040000 the chambers being formed at least partly in the turbine rotor F02C0005060000 the fluid being generated in combustion apparatus of the positive-displacement type having essentially no mechanical power output (internal-combustion engines of the positive-displacement type with prolonged expansion using exhaust gas turbines F02B);; F02C0005080000 the apparatus being of the free-piston gas-generator F02C0005100000 the fluid forming an oscillating gas column, i.e. the combustion chambers having no valves, e.g. using Helmholtz effect F02C0005120000 the combustion chambers having inlet or outlet valves, e.g. Holzwarth gas-turbine plants F02C0007000000 Other gas-turbine plants; Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02C0001000000-F02C0005000000; (controlling F02C0009000000);; F02C0007020000 Plants having two or more turbines and not otherwise provided for; Adaptations of plants for special use; Combinations of plants with other devices (aspects predominantly concerning such devices, see the relevant classes for such devices);; F02C0007040000 Air intakes F02C0007060000 Arrangement of bearings; Lubricating F02C0007080000 Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases F02C0007100000 by means of regenerative heat-exchangers F02C0007120000 Cooling of plants F02C0007140000 Cooling of fluids in the plants F02C0007160000 characterised by cooling medium F02C0007180000 the medium being gaseous, e.g. air F02C0007200000 Mounting or supporting of plant; Accommodating heat expansion or creep F02C0007220000 Fuel supply systems F02C0007240000 Heat or noise insulation F02C0007260000 Starting; Ignition F02C0007280000 Arrangement of seals F02C0007300000 Preventing corrosion in gas-swept spaces F02C0007320000 Arrangement of auxiliaries F02C0007340000 Using waste heat externally of the plant (using exhaust products for propulsion F02K);; F02C0009000000 Controlling gas-turbine plants; (controlling turbines in general F01D;controlling or regulating in general G05) F02C0009020000 Regulating, i.e. controlling automatically F02C0009040000 fuel supply F02C0009060000 by varying fuel-pump output F02C0009080000 by throttling F02C0009100000 by returning fuel from fuel-pump output to fuel-pump inlet F02C0009120000 by returning fuel from burners F02C0009140000 air supply (heating air supply before combustion F02C0007080000);; F02D CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves for combustion engines F01L;controlling combustion engine lubrication F01M; cooling internal-combustion engines F01P; supplying combustion engines with combustible mixtures or constituents thereof, e.g. carburettors, injection pumps, F02M; starting of combustion engines F02N; controlling of ignition F02P; controlling gas-turbine plants, jet-propulsion plants, or combustion-product engine plants, see the relevant sub-classes for these plants); F02D0001000000 Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high-pressure injection type (F02D0003000000 takes precedence;controlling fuel injection electrically F02D0005000000) F02D0001020000 not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered F02D0001040000 by mechanical means dependent on engine speed, e.g. using centrifugal governors (F02D0001080000 takes precedence);; F02D0001060000 by means dependent on pressure of engine working fluid (F02D0001080000 takes precedence);; F02D0001080000 Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance F02D0001100000 mechanical F02D0001120000 non-mechanical, e.g. hydraulic F02D0001140000 pneumatic F02D0001160000 Adjustment of injection timing (F02D0001020000 takes precedence);; F02D0001180000 with non-mechanical means for transmitting control impulse; with amplification of control impulse F02D0003000000 Controlling low-pressure fuel injection, i.e. where the air-fuel mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed by the compression stroke of the engine, by means other than controlling only an injection pump (controlling fuel injection electrically F02D0005000000;carburettors F02M) F02D0003020000 with continuous injection or continuous flow upstream of the injection nozzle F02D0003040000 Controlling fuel injection and carburation, e.g. of alternative systems F02D0005000000 Controlling fuel injection electrically F02D0005020000 with intermittent injection F02D0007000000 Other fuel-injection control F02D0007020000 Controlling fuel injection where fuel is injected by compressed air F02D0009000000 Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits F02D0009020000 concerning induction conduits (throttle valves, or arrangements thereof in conduits F02D0009080000);; F02D0009040000 concerning exhaust conduits (throttle valves, or arrangements thereof in conduits F02D0009080000);; F02D0009060000 Exhaust brakes F02D0009080000 Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits (throttle valves modified for use in, or arranged in, carburettors F02M;throttle valves in general F16K) F02D0009100000 having pivotally-mounted flaps F02D0009120000 having slidably-mounted valve-members; having valve-members movable longitudinally of conduit F02D0009140000 the members being slidable transversely of conduit F02D0009160000 the members being rotatable F02D0009180000 having elastic-wall valve-members F02D0011000000 Arrangements for, or adaptations to, manual initiation of controls (specially for reversing F02D0027000000;conjoint control of engines and units of another kind, e.g. clutches, gearings, brakes, B60K0041000000, e.g. B60K0041200000) F02D0011020000 of hand, foot, or like personal initial controls F02D0011040000 of mechanical control linkages (with power drive or assistance F02D0011060000);; F02D0011060000 of non-mechanical, e.g. fluid, control linkages; of control linkages with power drive or assistance F02D0011080000 pneumatic F02D0011100000 electric F02D0013000000 Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing (modifying valve gear F01L);; F02D0013020000 during engine operation F02D0013040000 Using engine as brake F02D0013060000 Cutting-out cylinders F02D0013080000 for rendering engine inoperative or idling F02D0015000000 Varying compression ratio (modifying valve-gear F01L);; F02D0015020000 by alteration or displacement of piston stroke F02D0015040000 by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke F02D0017000000 Controlling engines by cutting-out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling (controlling or rendering inoperative by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics F02D0013000000);; F02D0017020000 Cutting-out (cutting-out engines in multiple-engine arrangements F02D0025040000);; F02D0017040000 rendering engines inoperative or idling, e.g. caused by abnormal conditions (dependent on lubricating conditions F01M0001220000;dependent on cooling F01P0005140000) F02D0019000000 Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures (the non-fuel substances being gaseous F02D0021000000);; F02D0019020000 peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels (apparatus, or control parts thereof, for mixing gas and air F02M);; F02D0019040000 peculiar to engines working with solid fuels, e.g. pulverised coal F02D0019060000 peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed F02D0019080000 simultaneously using pluralities of fuels (F02D0019120000 takes precedence);; F02D0019100000 peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous F02D0019120000 peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel (apparatus, or control parts thereof, for delivering such substances or agents F02M);; F02D0021000000 Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas F02D0021020000 peculiar to oxygen-fed engines F02D0021040000 with circulation of exhaust gases in closed or semi-closed circuits F02D0021060000 peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion-air F02D0021080000 the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine (circulation of exhaust gas in oxygen-fed engines F02D0021040000);; F02D0021100000 having secondary air added to fuel-air mixture (apparatus, or control parts thereof, for delivering secondary air F02M);; F02D0023000000 Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged F02D0023020000 the engines being of fuel-injection type F02D0025000000 Controlling two or more co-operating engines F02D0025020000 to synchronise speed F02D0025040000 by cutting-out engines F02D0027000000 Controlling engines characterised by their being reversible F02D0027020000 by performing a programme F02D0028000000 Programme-control of engines (programme-control specific to a type or purpose covered by one of the groups of this sub-class except groups F02D0029000000, F02D0039000000, or by one group of another sub-class, e.g. F01L, see that group;programme-control in general G05B0019000000) F02D0029000000 Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto (conjoint control of engines and units of another kind B60K0041000000, e.g. B60K0041200000);; F02D0029020000 peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable-pitch propellers F02D0029040000 peculiar to engines driving pumps F02D0029060000 peculiar to engines driving electric generators F02D0031000000 Using speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for F02D0033000000 Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for F02D0033020000 of combustion-air F02D0035000000 Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for F02D0035020000 on interior conditions F02D0037000000 Controlling conjointly two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for F02D0037020000 one of the functions being ignition (ignition control per se F02P);; F02D0039000000 Other controlling F02D0039020000 for four-stroke engines F02D0039040000 for engines with other cycles than four-stroke, e.g. two-stroke F02D0039060000 for engines adding the fuel substantially at end of compression stroke F02D0039080000 for engines adding the fuel substantially before compression stroke F02D0039100000 for free-piston engines; for engines without rotary main shaft F02F CYLINDERS, PISTONS, OR CASINGS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston internal-combustion engines F02B;specially adapted for gas-turbine plants F02C; specially adapted for jet-propulsion plants F02K) F02F0001000000 Cylinders; Cylinder heads (in general F16J);; F02F0001020000 having cooling means (cylinder heads F02F0001260000);; F02F0001040000 for air cooling F02F0001060000 Shape or arrangement of cooling fins; Finned cylinders F02F0001080000 running-liner and cooling-part of cylinder being different parts or of different material F02F0001100000 for liquid cooling F02F0001120000 Preventing corrosion of liquid-swept surfaces F02F0001140000 Cylinders with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream F02F0001160000 Cylinder liners of wet type F02F0001180000 Other cylinders F02F0001200000 characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication F02F0001220000 characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging F02F0001240000 Cylinder heads F02F0001260000 having cooling means F02F0001280000 for air cooling F02F0001300000 Finned cylinder heads F02F0001320000 the cylinder heads being of overhead-valve type F02F0001340000 with means for directing or distributing cooling medium (F02F0001320000 takes precedence);; F02F0001360000 for liquid cooling F02F0001380000 the cylinder heads being of overhead-valve type F02F0001400000 Cylinder heads with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream (F02F0001380000 takes precedence);; F02F0001420000 Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads F02F0003000000 Pistons (in general F16J);; F02F0003020000 having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion F02F0003040000 having expansion-controlling inserts F02F0003060000 the inserts having bimetallic effect F02F0003080000 the inserts being ring-shaped F02F0003100000 having surface coverings (F02F0003020000 takes precedence);; F02F0003120000 on piston heads F02F0003140000 within combustion chambers F02F0003160000 having cooling means F02F0003180000 the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston F02F0003200000 the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston F02F0003220000 the fluid being liquid F02F0003240000 having means for guiding gases in cylinders, e.g. for guiding scavenging charge in two-stroke engines F02F0003260000 having combustion chamber in piston head (the surface thereof being covered F02F0003140000);; F02F0003280000 Other pistons with specially-shaped head F02F0005000000 Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown F02F0007000000 Casings, e.g. crankcases (engine casings in general F16M);; F02F0011000000 Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines (piston rings F02F0005000000;sealings per se F16J) F02G HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS (steam engine plants, special vapour plants, plants operating on either hot gas or combustion-product gases together with other fluid F01K;gas-turbine plants F02C; jet-propulsion plants F02K); USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR F02G0001000000 Hot gas engine plants, e.g. hot-air piston-engine plants (combustion-product engine plants F02G0003000000);; F02G0001020000 of open-cycle type F02G0001040000 of closed-cycle type F02G0001060000 Controlling F02G0003000000 Plants characterised by the engines being supplied with combustion-product gases (F02G0001000000 takes precedence);; F02G0003020000 with reciprocating-piston engines F02G0005000000 Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for F02G0005020000 Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases F02G0005040000 in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines F02K JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (nozzles in general B05B;arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plant in land vehicles or vehicles in general B60K; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in waterborne vessels B63H; controlling aircraft, flight direction, or altitude by jet reaction B64C; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plant in aircraft B64D; plants characterised by the power of the working fluid being divided between jet propulsion and another form of propulsion, e.g. propeller, F02B, F02C; features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plant F02C) F02K0001000000 Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of a jet pipe or nozzle; Pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto F02K0001020000 Augmenting mass flow by introduction of ambient air F02K0001040000 Mounting of an exhaust cone in the jet pipe F02K0001060000 Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle F02K0001080000 by axially moving a conical-shaped or other internal member F02K0001100000 by distorting the jet pipe or nozzle F02K0001120000 by means of pivoted flaps F02K0001140000 by means of fluid jets F02K0001160000 conjointly with another control F02K0001180000 characterised by automatic variation F02K0001200000 Deflecting part of fluid stream from propulsive nozzles F02K0001220000 Other constructions of jet pipes F02K0001240000 Other constructions of nozzles F02K0001260000 for noise of flame suppression (characterised by the power of the working-fluid being divided between jet-propulsion and another form of propulsion, e.g. propeller, F02B, F02C);; F02K0003000000 Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan F02K0003020000 in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber F02K0003040000 the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low-pressure outputs, for augmenting jet thrust F02K0003060000 the fan being connected to the compressor F02K0003080000 with preheat of the working-fluid; Control thereof F02K0003100000 by after-burners F02K0003120000 characterised by having more than one gas turbine F02K0005000000 Plants including an engine, other than a gas turbine, driving a compressor or a ducted fan F02K0005020000 the engine being of the reciprocating-piston type F02K0007000000 Plants in which the working-fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof (rockets F02K0009000000);; F02K0007020000 the jet being intermittent, i.e. pulse jet F02K0007040000 with resonant combustion chambers F02K0007060000 with combustion chambers having valves F02K0007080000 the jet being continuous F02K0007100000 characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or athoyds F02K0009000000 Rockets, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof (chemical composition of propellants C06D;Fireworks F42B0004000000) F02K0009020000 the fuel being liquid or gaseous F02K0009040000 the fuel being solid F02K0009060000 Combinations, e.g. of multiple-stage type F02K0011000000 Other plants; Other details of plants; Other plant control F02K0011020000 Cooling not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02K0001000000-F02K0009000000 F02K0011040000 by gases F02M SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF (charging such engines F02B);; F02M0001000000 Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures F02M0001020000 the means to facilitate starting being chokes for enriching fuel-air mixture (automatic chokes F02M0001080000);; F02M0001040000 the means to facilitate starting or idling being auxiliary carburetting apparatus able to be put into, and out of, operation, e.g. having automatically-operated disc valves F02M0001060000 having axially-movable valves, e.g. piston-shaped F02M0001080000 the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically (in connection with auxiliary carburetting apparatus F02M0001040000);; F02M0001100000 dependent on engine temperature, e.g. having thermostat F02M0001120000 with means for electrically heating thermostat F02M0001140000 dependent on pressure in combustion-air or fuel-air-mixture intake (F02M0001100000 takes precedence);; F02M0001160000 Other means for enriching fuel-air mixture during starting; Priming cups; Using different fuels for starting and normal operation F02M0001180000 Enriching fuel-air mixture by depressing float to flood carburettor F02M0003000000 Idling devices (with means for facilitating idling below operational temperatures F02M0001000000);; F02M0003020000 Preventing flow of idling fuel F02M0003040000 under conditions where engine is driven instead of driving, e.g. driven by vehicle running down hill F02M0003060000 Increasing idling speed F02M0003080000 Other details of idling devices (fighting ice-formation by heating idling ports F02M0015020000);; F02M0005000000 Float-controlled apparatus for maintaining a constant fuel level F02M0005020000 with provisions to meet variations in carburettor position, e.g. upside-down position in aircraft F02M0005040000 with pivotally or rotatably mounted float chambers (basic adjustment of float chambers having variable position F02M0005140000);; F02M0005060000 having adjustable float mechanism, e.g. to meet dissimilarities in specific gravity of different fuels F02M0005080000 having means for venting float chambers F02M0005100000 having means for preventing vapour lock, e.g. insulated float chambers or forced fuel circulation through float chamber with engine stopped F02M0005120000 Other details, e.g. floats, valves (floats in general F16K0033000000);; F02M0005140000 Float chambers, e.g. adjustable in position F02M0007000000 Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel-air ratio of charge under varying conditions (choke valves for starting F02M0001000000);; F02M0007020000 Carburettors having aerated fuel spray nozzles (with valve control for amount of air for aerating fuel F02M0007240000);; F02M0007040000 Means for enriching charge at high combustion-air flow F02M0007060000 Means for enriching charge on sudden air throttle opening, i.e. at acceleration F02M0007080000 using pumps F02M0007100000 Other installations, without moving parts, for influencing fuel-air ratio F02M0007120000 Other installations, with moving parts, for influencing fuel-air ratio, e.g. having valves F02M0007140000 with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle (dependent on air-throttle position F02M0007220000);; F02M0007160000 operated automatically F02M0007180000 with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel-metering orifice (dependent on air-throttle position F02M0007220000);; F02M0007200000 operated automatically, e.g. dependent on altitude F02M0007220000 fuel flow cross-sectional area being controlled dependent on air-throttle-valve position (the throttle valve being slidably arranged transversely to air passage F02M0009060000);; F02M0007240000 with means for controlling amount of air for aerating fuel F02M0009000000 Carburettors having air or fuel-air mixture passage throttling valves other than of butterfly type (register-type carburettors F02M0011000000);;Carburettors having fuel-air mixing chambers of variable shape or position F02M0009020000 having throttling valves, e.g. of piston shape, slidably arranged transversely to the passage F02M0009040000 with throttling valves sliding in a plane inclined to the passage F02M0009060000 with means for varying cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle dependent on throttle position F02M0009080000 having throttling valves rotatably mounted in the passage F02M0009100000 having valves, or like controls, of elastic-wall type for controlling the passage, or for varying cross-sectional area, of fuel-air mixing chambers F02M0009120000 having other specific means for controlling the passage, or for varying cross-sectional area, of fuel-air mixing chambers F02M0009140000 having venturi and nozzle relatively displaceable essentially along the venturi axis F02M0011000000 Multi-stage carburettors; Register-type carburettors, i.e. with slidable or rotatable throttling valves in which a plurality of fuel nozzles, other than only an idling nozzle and a main one, are sequentially exposed to air stream by throttling valve F02M0011020000 with throttling valve, e.g. of flap or butterfly type, in a later stage opening automatically F02M0011040000 the later-stage valves having damping means F02M0011060000 Other carburettors with throttling valve of flap or butterfly type F02M0011080000 Register carburettors with throttling valve movable transversally to air passage F02M0011100000 Register carburettors with rotatable throttling valves F02M0013000000 Arrangements of two or more separate carburettors (re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture F02M0029000000);;Carburettors using more than one fuel (apparatus for adding small quantities of secondary fuel F02M0025000000);; F02M0013020000 Separate carburettors F02M0013040000 structurally united F02M0013060000 the carburettors using different fuels F02M0013080000 Carburettors adapted to use liquid and gaseous fuels, e.g. alternatively F02M0015000000 Carburettors with heating, cooling, or thermal insulating means for combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture (heating, cooling, or thermally insulating float apparatus F02M0005000000;apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, not being part of a carburettor, per se F02M0031000000) F02M0015020000 with heating means, e.g. to combat ice-formation F02M0015040000 the means being electrical F02M0015060000 Heat shieldings, e.g. from engine radiations F02M0017000000 Carburettors having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of preceding main groups (apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like F02M0027000000;combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M0071000000) F02M0017020000 Floatless carburettors F02M0017040000 having fuel inlet valve controlled by diaphragm F02M0017060000 having overflow chamber determining constant fuel level F02M0017080000 Carburettors having one or more fuel passages opening in a valve-seat surrounding combustion-air passage, the valve being opened by passing air F02M0017100000 Carburettors having one or more fuel passages opening in valve-member of air throttle F02M0017120000 the valve-member being of butterfly type F02M0017140000 Carburettors with fuel-supply parts opened and closed in synchronism with engine stroke F02M0017160000 Carburettors having continuously-rotating bodies, e.g. surface carburettors (fuel injection by centrifugal forces F02M0069060000);; F02M0017180000 Other surface carburettors F02M0017200000 with fuel bath F02M0017220000 with air bubbling through bath F02M0017240000 with wicks F02M0017260000 with other wetted bodies F02M0017280000 fuel being drawn through a porous body F02M0017300000 Carburettors with fire-protecting devices, e.g. combined with fire-extinguishing apparatus F02M0017320000 automatically closing fuel conduits on outbreak of fire F02M0017340000 Other carburettors combined or associated with other apparatus, e.g. air filters (predominant aspects of the apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus); F02M0017360000 Carburettors having fitments facilitating their cleaning F02M0017380000 Controlling of carburettors, not otherwise provided for (external control gear F02M0019120000);; F02M0017400000 Selection of particular materials for carburettors, e.g. sheet metal, plastic, or translucent materials F02M0017420000 Float-controlled carburettors not otherwise provided for F02M0017440000 Carburettors characterised by draught direction and not otherwise provided for F02M0017460000 with down-draught F02M0017480000 with up-draught F02M0017500000 Carburettors having means for combating ice-formation (thermally F02M0015020000);; F02M0017520000 Use of cold, produced by carburettors, for other purposes (apparatus using the cold, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);; F02M0019000000 Details, component parts, or accessories of carburettors, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0001000000-F02M0017000000 F02M0019020000 Metering-orifices, e.g. variable in diameter (variable during operation F02M0007180000);; F02M0019040000 Fuel-metering pins or needles F02M0019060000 Other details of fuel conduits F02M0019080000 Venturis F02M0019100000 in multiple arrangement F02M0019120000 External control gear, e.g. having dash-pots (dampening means in later stages of multi-stage carburettors F02M0011040000;carburettor control gear in which the carburettor aspects do not predominate, see the relevant classes); F02M0021000000 Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form F02M0021020000 for gaseous fuels (apparatus for vaporising liquid fuel by heat F02M0031000000;engines with apparatus generating gas from solid fuel, e.g. from wood, F02B0043080000) F02M0021040000 Gas-air mixing apparatus (carburettors adapted to use liquid and gaseous fuels F02M0013080000;carburetting gases in general C10J) F02M0021060000 Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating (discharging liquefied gases in general F17C);; F02M0021080000 for non-gaseous fuels (for engines operating on fuel containing oxidants F02B);; F02M0021100000 for fuels with low melting point, e.g. apparatus having heating means F02M0021120000 for fuels in pulverised state (engine plants with fuel-pulverising apparatus F02B);; F02M0023000000 Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M0023020000 with personal control, or with secondary-air valve controlled by main combustion-air throttle F02M0023040000 with automatic control F02M0023060000 dependent on engine speed F02M0023080000 dependent on pressure in main combustion-air induction system F02M0023100000 dependent on temperature, e.g. engine temperature F02M0023120000 characterised by being combined with device for, or by secondary air effecting, re-atomising of condensed fuel F02M0023140000 characterised by adding hot air F02M0025000000 Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel, or fuel-air mixture (F02M0043000000 takes precedence;adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M0023000000) F02M0025020000 adding water or steam F02M0025040000 the apparatus being combined or associated with combustion-air filter F02M0025060000 adding lubricant vapours or exhaust gases F02M0025080000 adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir F02M0025100000 adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone F02M0025120000 the apparatus having means for generating such gases (using rays and simultaneously generating ozone F02M0027060000);; F02M0025140000 adding anti-knock agents, not provided for in groups ; F02M0025020000-F02M0025100000 F02M0027000000 Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like F02M0027020000 by catalysts F02M0027040000 by electric means or magnetism F02M0027060000 by rays F02M0027080000 by sound or ultrasonic waves F02M0029000000 Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture (combined with secondary-air supply F02M0023120000);; F02M0029020000 having rotary parts F02M0029040000 having screens, gratings, baffles, or the like (rotary F02M0029020000);; F02M0029060000 generating whirling motion of mixture F02M0029080000 having spirally-wound wires F02M0029100000 adjustable F02M0029120000 having homogenising valves held open by mixture current F02M0029140000 re-atomising or homogenising being effected by unevenness of internal surfaces of mixture intake F02M0031000000 Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture (F02M0021060000, F02M0021100000 take precedence;such apparatus being part of a carburettor or fuel-injection apparatus F02M0015000000, F02M0053000000; adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M0023140000) F02M0031020000 for heating F02M0031040000 combustion-air or fuel-air mixture (electrically F02M0031120000;by using heat from working cylinders or cylinder heads F02M0031140000) F02M0031060000 by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air F02M0031080000 the gases being exhaust gases F02M0031100000 by hot liquids, e.g. lubricants F02M0031120000 electrically, e.g. for heating fuel F02M0031140000 by using heat from working cylinders or cylinder heads F02M0031160000 Other apparatus for heating fuel F02M0031180000 to vaporise fuel F02M0031200000 for cooling (cooling of charging-air or of scavenging-air F02B);; F02M0033000000 Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture F02M0033020000 for collecting and returning condensed fuel F02M0035000000 Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines (air cleaners in general B01D);; F02M0035020000 Air cleaners F02M0035022000 acting by gravity, by centrifugal, or by other inertial forces, e.g. with moistened walls F02M0035024000 using filters, e.g. moistened (F02M0035026000 takes precedence;cleaning of the filtering material F02M0035080000) F02M0035026000 acting by guiding the air over or through an oil or other liquid bath, e.g. combined with filters F02M0035040000 specially arranged with respect to engine F02M0035060000 combined or associated with engine's cooling blower or fan, or with flywheel F02M0035080000 with means for removing dust from cleaners F02M0035100000 Air intakes; Induction systems (using kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems for improving quantity of charge F02B);; F02M0035120000 Intake silencers F02M0035140000 Combined air cleaners and silencers F02M0035160000 characterised by use in vehicles (predominant vehicle aspects, see the relevant classes for the vehicles);; F02M0037000000 Apparatus for feeding fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus F02M0037020000 by means of suction apparatus, e.g. by air flow through carburettors (by driven pumps F02M0037040000);; F02M0037040000 by means of driven pumps (pump construction F04);; F02M0037060000 mechanically driven F02M0037080000 electrically driven F02M0037100000 submerged in fuel, e.g. in reservoir F02M0037120000 fluid-driven, e.g. by compressed combustion-air F02M0037140000 the pumps being combined with other apparatus F02M0037160000 characterised by provision of personally-, e.g. manually-, operated pumps F02M0037180000 characterised by provision of main and auxiliary pumps F02M0037200000 characterised by means for preventing vapour lock F02M0039000000 Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements (arrangements of injectors F02M0061140000);; F02M0039020000 Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives (F02M0049000000 takes precedence);; F02M0041000000 Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor F02M0041020000 the distributor being spaced from pumping elements F02M0041040000 the distributor reciprocating F02M0041060000 the distributor rotating F02M0041080000 the distributor and pumping elements being combined F02M0041100000 pump pistons acting as the distributor F02M0041120000 the pistons rotating to act as the distributor F02M0041140000 rotary distributor supporting pump pistons F02M0041160000 characterised by the distributor being fed from a constant-pressure source, e.g. accumulator F02M0043000000 Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive F02M0043020000 Pumps peculiar thereto F02M0043040000 Injectors peculiar thereto F02M0045000000 Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time-pressure or time-quantity relationship (fuel injectors having such deliveries by means of valves furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions F02M0061060000);; F02M0045020000 with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts F02M0045040000 with a small initial part F02M0045060000 Pumps peculiar thereto F02M0045080000 Injectors peculiar thereto F02M0045100000 Other injectors with multiple-part delivery, e.g. with vibrating valves F02M0045120000 providing a continuous delivery with variable pressure F02M0047000000 Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure (F02M0049000000 takes precedence;apparatus with injection valves opened by fuel pressure and closed by non-fluid means, see the groups providing for other characteristics); F02M0047020000 of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves, and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure F02M0047040000 using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation F02M0047060000 Other fuel injectors peculiar thereto F02M0049000000 Fuel-injection apparatus in which injection pumps are driven, or injectors are actuated, by the pressure in engine working cylinders, or by impact of engine working piston F02M0049020000 using the cylinder pressure, e.g. compression end pressure F02M0049040000 using the piston impact F02M0051000000 Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically F02M0051020000 specially for low-pressure fuel-injection (pumps per se F02M0051040000;injectors per se F02M0051080000) F02M0051040000 Pumps peculiar thereto F02M0051060000 Injectors peculiar thereto F02M0051080000 specially for low-pressure fuel-injection F02M0053000000 Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means F02M0053020000 with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising F02M0053040000 Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means F02M0053060000 with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising F02M0053080000 with air cooling F02M0055000000 Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means F02M0055020000 Conduits between injection pumps and injectors F02M0055040000 Means for damping vibrations in injection-pump inlets F02M0057000000 Fuel injectors combined or associated with other devices F02M0057020000 Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps F02M0057040000 the devices being combustion-air intake or exhaust valves F02M0057060000 the devices being sparking-plugs F02M0059000000 Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M0039000000-F02M0057000000; (general features of pumps F04);; F02M0059020000 of reciprocating-piston type F02M0059040000 characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft F02M0059060000 with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V- or star-arrangement F02M0059080000 characterised by two or more pumping elements with conjoint outlet F02M0059100000 characterised by the piston drive F02M0059120000 having other positive-displacement pumping elements, e.g. rotary F02M0059140000 of elastic-wall type F02M0059160000 characterised by having multi-stage compression of fuel F02M0059180000 characterised by the pumping action being achieved through release of pre-compressed springs F02M0059200000 Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing F02M0059220000 Varying quantity by adjusting cylinder-head space F02M0059240000 with constant-length-stroke pistons having variable effective portion of stroke F02M0059260000 caused by movements of pistons relative to their cylinders F02M0059280000 Mechanisms therefor F02M0059300000 with variable-length-stroke pistons F02M0059320000 fuel delivery being controlled by means of fuel-displaced auxiliary pistons, which effect injection F02M0059340000 by throttling of passages to pumping elements or of overflow passages F02M0059360000 by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages F02M0059380000 Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions F02M0059400000 for reversible engines F02M0059420000 for starting of engines F02M0059440000 Details, component parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0059020000-F02M0059420000 F02M0059460000 Valves (in general F16K);; F02M0059480000 Assembling; Disassembling; Replacing F02M0061000000 Fuel injectors not provided for in groups ; F02M0039000000-F02M0057000000 F02M0061020000 of valveless type F02M0061040000 having valves (valves in general F16K);; F02M0061060000 the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions F02M0061080000 the valves opening in direction of fuel flow F02M0061100000 Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type F02M0061120000 characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies F02M0061140000 Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors F02M0061160000 Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0061020000-F02M0061140000 F02M0061180000 Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve-seats F02M0061200000 Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights F02M0063000000 Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups ; F02M0039000000-F02M0057000000; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups ; F02M0039000000-F02M0061000000 F02M0063020000 Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively F02M0063040000 Fuel-injection apparatus having injection valves held closed by a cyclically-operated mechanism for a time and automatically opened by fuel pressure, e.g. of constant-pressure pump or accumulator, when that mechanism releases the valve F02M0063060000 Use of pressure wave generated by fuel inertia to open injection valves F02M0065000000 Testing fuel-injection apparatus F02M0067000000 Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type (using compressed air for low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M0069080000);; F02M0067020000 the gas being compressed air, e.g. compressed in pumps (arrangements or adaptations of such pumps F02B);; F02M0067040000 the air being extracted from working cylinders of the engine F02M0067060000 the gas being other than air, e.g. steam, combustion gas F02M0067080000 the gas being generated by combustion of part of fuel other than in engine working cylinders F02M0067100000 Injectors peculiar thereto, e.g. of valveless type F02M0067120000 having valves F02M0067140000 characterised by provisions for injecting different fuels, e.g. main fuel and readily self-igniting starting-fuel F02M0069000000 Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus (electrically- operated F02M0051000000);; F02M0069020000 Pumps peculiar thereto F02M0069040000 Injectors peculiar thereto F02M0069060000 characterised by the pressurisation of the fuel being caused by centrifugal force acting on the fuel F02M0069080000 characterised by the fuel being carried by compressed air into main stream of combustion-air F02M0069100000 peculiar to scavenged two-stroke engines, e.g. injecting into crankcase-pump chamber F02M0071000000 Combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus (means for enriching charge on sudden air throttle opening of carburettors F02M0007060000);; F02M0071020000 with fuel-air mixture being produced by the carburettor and being compressed by a pump for subsequent injection into main combustion-air (adaptations or arrangements of such pumps F02B);; F02M0071040000 with carburettor being used at starting or idling only and injection apparatus being used during normal operation of engine F02N STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES (starting of free-piston combustion-engines F02B0071020000;starting of gas-turbine plants F02C0007260000); STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR F02N0001000000 Starting apparatus having hand cranks F02N0001020000 having safety means preventing damage caused by reverse rotation F02N0003000000 Other muscle-operated starting apparatus F02N0003020000 having pull-cords F02N0003040000 having foot-actuated levers F02N0005000000 Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage F02N0005020000 of spring type F02N0005040000 of inertia type F02N0007000000 Starting apparatus having fluid-driven auxiliary engines or apparatus F02N0007020000 the apparatus being of single-stroke piston type, e.g. pistons acting on racks or pull-cords F02N0007040000 the pistons acting on screw-threaded members to effect rotation F02N0007060000 the engines being of reciprocating-piston type (of internal-combustion type F02N0007100000);; F02N0007080000 the engines being of rotary type F02N0007100000 characterised by using auxiliary engines or apparatus of combustion type (by using explosive cartridges F02N0013000000);; F02N0007120000 the engines being of rotary type, e.g. turbines (F02N0007140000 takes precedence);; F02N0007140000 the starting engines being readily removable from main engines, e.g. of portable type F02N0009000000 Starting of engines by supplying auxiliary pressure fluid to their working chambers F02N0009020000 the pressure fluid being generated directly by combustion (by using explosive cartridges F02N0013000000);; F02N0009040000 the pressure fluid being generated otherwise, e.g. by compressing air F02N0011000000 Starting of engines by means of electric motors (electric motors per se H02);; F02N0011020000 the motors having longitudinally-shiftable rotors F02N0011040000 the motors being associated with current generators F02N0011060000 and with ignition apparatus F02N0011080000 Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines F02N0011100000 Safety devices (F02N0011080000 takes precedence);; F02N0011120000 Starting of engines by means of mobile, e.g. portable, starting sets F02N0011140000 Starting of engines by means of electric starters with external current supply (F02N0011120000 takes precedence);; F02N0013000000 Starting of engines, or driving of starting apparatus by use of explosives, e.g. stored in cartridges F02N0013020000 Cartridges specially adapted therefor (gas cartridges in general F42B0003040000);; F02N0015000000 Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02N0005000000-F02N0013000000 F02N0015020000 Gearing between starting engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof F02N0015040000 the gearing including disengaging toothed gears F02N0015060000 the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement F02N0015080000 the gearing being of friction type F02N0015100000 Safety devices not otherwise provided for F02N0017000000 Other starting means; Starting aids not otherwise provided for F02N0017020000 Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks (using electrically-heated glowing plugs F02P0019020000);; F02N0017040000 by heating of fluids used in engines (heating of lubricants F01M0005020000);; F02N0017060000 by heating of engine coolants F02N0017080000 Aiding engine start by other than thermal means F02P IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B0053120000;ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F23Q; electrical components in general Section Hsparking plugs H01T) F02P0001000000 Installations having electric ignition energy generated by magneto- or dynamo-electric generators without subsequent storage F02P0001020000 the generator rotor being characterised by forming part of the engine flywheel F02P0001040000 the generator being specially adapted for use with specific engine types, e.g. engines with V-arrangement of cylinders F02P0001060000 Generator drives, e.g. having snap couplings F02P0001080000 Layout of circuits F02P0003000000 Other installations F02P0003020000 having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils F02P0003040000 Layout of circuits F02P0003060000 having capacitive energy storage (piezo-electric or electrostatic ignition F02P0003120000);; F02P0003080000 Layout of circuits (for low tension F02P0003100000);; F02P0003100000 Low-tension installation, e.g. using surface-discharge sparking plugs F02P0003120000 Piezo-electric ignition; Electrostatic ignition F02P0005000000 Advancing or retarding ignition F02P0005020000 non-automatically; dependent on position of personal controls of engine, e.g. throttle position F02P0005040000 automatically (dependent on position of personal control of engine F02P0005020000);; F02P0005060000 dependent on engine speed, e.g. by mechanical means only (dependent on fluid pressure in engine F02P0005100000);; F02P0005080000 by electrical means F02P0005100000 dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure F02P0005120000 dependent on a specific pressure other than that of combustion-air, e.g. of exhaust, cooling fluid, lubricant F02P0005140000 dependent on specific conditions other than engine speed or engine fluid pressure, e.g. temperature F02P0005160000 characterised by the transmission between sensing elements or personal controls and final actuating elements F02P0007000000 Arrangements of distributors or of circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations (advancing or retarding ignition F02P0005000000;constructions of such devices per se, see the relevant classes of Section H); F02P0007020000 of distributors F02P0007040000 having air-tight casings F02P0007060000 of circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of contact-breakers F02P0007080000 having air-tight casings F02P0007100000 Drives of distributors or of circuit-makers or -breakers F02P0009000000 Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for F02P0011000000 Safety means for electric spark ignition, not otherwise provided for F02P0011020000 Preventing damage to engines or engine-driven gearing F02P0011040000 Preventing unauthorised use of engines (of vehicles B60R0025040000;ignition locks H01H0027000000) F02P0011060000 Indicating unsafe conditions F02P0013000000 Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines (predominant aspects of the parts, see the relevant sub-classes for the parts); F02P0013020000 combined with fuel-supply devices F02P0015000000 Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F02P0001000000-F02P0013000000 F02P0015020000 Arrangements having two or more sparking plugs F02P0015040000 one of the spark electrodes being mounted on the engine working piston F02P0015060000 the electric spark triggered by engine working cylinder compression F02P0015080000 having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders F02P0015100000 having continuous electric sparks F02P0015120000 having means for strengthening spark during starting F02P0017000000 Testing, e.g. in combination with adjusting, of ignition installations, e.g. of timing (in general F23Q);;Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines F02P0019000000 Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines F02P0019020000 electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs F02P0019040000 non-electric, e.g. heating incandescent spots by burners (use of burners for direct ignition F02P0021000000);; F02P0021000000 Direct use of flames or burners for ignition F02P0021020000 the flames being kept burning essentially external to engine working chambers F02P0021040000 Burning-cartridges or like inserts being arranged in engine working chambers (as starting aid F02N0017020000);; F02P0023000000 Other ignition F02P0023020000 Friction, pyrophoric, or catalytic ignition F02P0023040000 Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays F03 MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (for liquids and elastic fluids F01;positive-displacement machines for liquids F04); WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, OR MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR F03B MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (machines or engines for liquids and elastic fluids F01;positive-displacement engines for liquids F03C; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04) F03B0001000000 Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto F03B0001020000 Buckets; Bucket-carrying rotors F03B0001040000 Nozzles (in general B05B);;Nozzle-carrying members F03B0003000000 Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto F03B0003020000 with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines F03B0003040000 with substantially axial flow throughout rotors, e.g. propeller turbines F03B0003060000 with adjustable blades, e.g. Kaplan turbines F03B0003080000 with pressure/velocity transformation exclusively in rotors F03B0003100000 characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines F03B0003120000 Blades; Blade-carrying rotors F03B0003140000 Rotors having adjustable blades F03B0003160000 Stators F03B0003180000 Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable F03B0005000000 Machines or engines characterised by non-bladed rotors, e.g. serrated, using friction F03B0007000000 Water wheels F03B0009000000 Endless-chain type machines or engines F03B0011000000 Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups (controlling F03B0015000000);; F03B0011020000 Casings F03B0011040000 for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing F03B0011060000 Bearing arrangements F03B0011080000 for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud F03B0013000000 Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus (if the apparatus aspects are predominant, see the relevant classes for such apparatus, e.g. H02K0007180000);;Power stations or aggregates (hydraulic-engineering aspects E02B;incorporating only machines or engines of positive-displacement type F03C) F03B0013020000 Adaptations for drilling wells F03B0013040000 Adaptations for use in dentistry F03B0013060000 Stations or aggregates of water-storage type (turbines characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps F03B0003100000);; F03B0013080000 Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor F03B0013100000 Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors F03B0013120000 characterised by using wave or tide energy F03B0015000000 Controlling (controlling in general G05);; F03B0015020000 by varying liquid flow F03B0015040000 of turbines (rotors having adjustable blades per se F03B0003060000, F03B0003140000;adjustable guide vanes per se F03B0003180000; specially adapted for turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors F03B0015200000) F03B0015060000 Regulating, i.e. acting automatically F03B0015080000 by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow F03B0015100000 without retroactive action F03B0015120000 with retroactive action F03B0015140000 by or of water level F03B0015160000 by power output F03B0015180000 for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed F03B0015200000 specially adapted for turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors (nozzles per se F03B0001040000);; F03B0015220000 for safety purposes F03B0017000000 Other machines or engines F03B0017020000 using hydrostatic thrust F03B0017040000 Alleged ; perpetua mobilia F03B0017060000 using liquid flow, e.g. of swinging-flap type F03C POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS (positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids F01;positive-displacement machines for liquids F04; fluid-pressure actuators F15B; fluid gearing F16H) F03C0001000000 Reciprocating-piston engines F03C0001020000 of multi-cylinder type (with movable cylinders F03C0001220000;of flexible-wall type F03C0005020000) F03C0001040000 with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement F03C0001060000 with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F03C0001080000 Distributing valve-gear peculiar thereto (for engines with positive displacement in general F01L);; F03C0001100000 actuated by piston or piston-rod F03C0001120000 mechanically (F03C0001180000 takes precedence);; F03C0001140000 by driving liquid of engine (F03C0001180000 takes precedence);; F03C0001160000 Speed controlling, equalising, or cushioning F03C0001180000 with a common valve-gear for more than one cylinder F03C0001200000 specially for engines generating vibration only F03C0001220000 with movable cylinders F03C0001240000 in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders F03C0001260000 adapted for special use or combined with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning the driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);; F03C0003000000 Rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines (in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders F03C0001240000);; F03C0003020000 Oscillating-pistons F03C0005000000 Other engines F03C0005020000 of flexible-wall type F03D WIND MOTORS F03D0001000000 Wind motors with rotation axis substantially in wind direction (controlling F03D0007000000);; F03D0001020000 having a plurality of rotors F03D0001040000 having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels (F03D0001020000 takes precedence);; F03D0001060000 Rotors F03D0003000000 Wind motors with rotation axis substantially at right angles to wind direction (controlling F03D0007000000);; F03D0003020000 having a plurality of rotors F03D0003040000 having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels (F03D0003020000 takes precedence);; F03D0003060000 Rotors F03D0005000000 Other wind motors (controlling F03D0007000000);; F03D0005020000 the wind-engaging parts being attached to endless chains or the like F03D0005040000 the wind-engaging parts being attached to carriages running on tracks or the like F03D0005060000 the wind-engaging parts swinging to-and-fro and not rotating F03D0007000000 Controlling wind motors F03D0007020000 the wind motors having rotation axis substantially in wind direction F03D0007040000 Regulation, i.e. controlling automatically F03D0007060000 the wind motors having rotation axis substantially at right angle to wind direction F03D0009000000 Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus, see the relevant classes for such apparatus);; F03D0009020000 the apparatus storing power F03D0011000000 Details, component parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups F03D0011020000 Transmission of power, e.g. using hollow exhausting blades F03D0011040000 Mounting structures F03G SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA, OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER-PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR F03G0001000000 Spring motors (spring-driven toys A63H;springs in general F16F; precision time mechanisms, e.g. for clocks or watches, G04B) F03G0001020000 characterised by shape or material of spring, e.g. helical, spiral, coil F03G0001040000 using rubber springs F03G0001060000 Other parts or details F03G0001080000 for winding F03G0001100000 for producing output movement other than rotary, e.g. vibratory F03G0003000000 Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors F03G0003020000 using wheels with circumferentially-arranged compartments co-operating with solid falling bodies (F03G0003040000 takes precedence);; F03G0003040000 driven by sand or like fluent solid material F03G0003060000 using pendulums F03G0003080000 using flywheels F03G0005000000 Devices for producing mechanical power from muscle energy (driving cycles B62M);; F03G0005020000 of endless-walk type, e.g. treadmills F03G0005040000 Horsemills or the like F03G0005060000 other than of endless-walk type F03G0005080000 for combined actuation by different limbs, e.g. hand and leg F03G0007000000 Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for F03G0007020000 using solar energy (solar boilers F24);; F03G0007040000 using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature (F03G0007060000 takes precedence);; F03G0007060000 using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying, or the like (using thermal expansion of non-vaporising liquids F01K);; F03G0007080000 recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching, or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine F03G0007100000 Alleged perpetua mobilia(of buoyancy principle F03C);; F03H PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (from combustion products F02K);; F03H0001000000 Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust (generating plasma H05H0001000000);; F03H0003000000 Using photons to produce a reactive propulsive thrust F03H0005000000 Producing a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for F04 POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS (charging or scavenging combustion engines by pumps F02B;engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J0041000000; electrodynamic pumps H02N0004200000) F04B POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS (machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F04C;non-positive-displacement pumps F04D; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped F04F; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F16C; flywheels F16F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F16H; pistons, piston-rods, cylinders, in general F16J) F04B0001000000 Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders (F04B0003000000 takes precedence;fluid-driven pumps F04B0009080000) F04B0001020000 having two cylinders (in V-arrangement F04B0001040000);; F04B0001040000 having cylinders in V-, star-, or fan-arrangement F04B0001060000 Control (control of reciprocating machines or pumps in general F04B0049000000);; F04B0001080000 regulated by delivery pressure F04B0001100000 the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary F04B0001120000 having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0001140000 having stationary cylinders F04B0001160000 having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons F04B0001180000 having self-acting distribution members, i.e. actuated by working fluid F04B0001200000 having rotary cylinder block F04B0001220000 having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons F04B0001240000 inclined to main shaft axis F04B0001260000 Control (control of reciprocating machines or pumps in general F04B0049000000);; F04B0001280000 for machines or pumps with stationary cylinders F04B0001300000 for machines or pumps with rotary cylinder block F04B0003000000 Machines or pumps with pistons coacting within one cylinder, e.g. multi-stage F04B0005000000 Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons F04B0007000000 Machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven distribution members (with cylinders in V-, star-, or fan-arrangement F04B0001040000;with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0001120000) F04B0007020000 the members being fluid-actuated F04B0007040000 in which the pistons and cylinders coact to open and close intake or outlet ports F04B0007060000 the pistons and cylinders being relatively reciprocated and rotated F04B0009000000 Machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members (gearing per se F16H);; F04B0009020000 the means being mechanical F04B0009040000 the means being cams, eccentrics, or pin-and-slot mechanisms (with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0001120000);; F04B0009060000 the means including spring- or weight-loaded lost-motion devices F04B0009080000 the means being fluid F04B0009100000 the fluid being liquid F04B0009120000 the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam F04B0009140000 Pumps characterised by muscle-power operation F04B0011000000 Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counter-acting cavitation F04B0013000000 Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities (for transferring liquid from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers B67D0005400000);; F04B0013020000 of two or more fluids at the same time F04B0015000000 Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts F04B0015020000 the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous F04B0015040000 the fluids being hot or corrosive (F04B0015060000 takes precedence);; F04B0015060000 for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure F04B0015080000 the liquids having low boiling points F04B0017000000 Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors F04B0017020000 driven by wind motors F04B0017040000 using solenoids F04B0017060000 Mobile combinations F04B0019000000 Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0001000000-F04B0017000000 F04B0019020000 having movable cylinders F04B0019040000 Pumps for special use (for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers B67D0005400000);; F04B0019060000 Pumps for delivery of both liquid and elastic fluids at the same time (wet gas pumps F04B0037200000);; F04B0019080000 Scoop devices F04B0019100000 of wheel type F04B0019120000 of helical or screw type F04B0019140000 of endless-chain type, e.g. with the chains carrying pistons co-operating with open-ended cylinders F04B0019160000 Adhesion-type liquid-lifting devices F04B0019180000 Adhesion members therefor F04B0019200000 Other positive-displacement pumps F04B0019220000 of reciprocating-piston type F04B0019240000 Pumping by heat expansion of pumped fluid F04B0021000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B0001000000-F04B0019000000; (for controlling F04B0049000000);; F04B0021020000 Adaptations or arrangements of valves (arranged in pistons F04B0021040000;used as foot valves F04B0021060000) F04B0021040000 Adaptations of pistons F04B0021060000 Adaptations or arrangements of valves used as foot valves, of suction strainers, or of mud-boxes F04B0021080000 Adaptations of cylinders F04B0023000000 Pumping installations or systems (F04B0017000000 takes precedence);; F04B0023020000 having reservoirs F04B0023040000 Combinations of two or more pumps F04B0023060000 the pumps being all of reciprocating positive-displacement type F04B0023080000 the pumps being of different types F04B0023100000 at least one pump being of the reciprocating positive-displacement type F04B0023120000 at least one pump being of the rotary-piston positive-displacement type (F04B0023100000 takes precedence);; F04B0023140000 at least one pump being of the non-positive-displacement type (F04B0023100000, F04B0023120000 take precedence);; F04B0025000000 Multi-cylinder pumps F04B0025020000 of stepped-piston type F04B0025040000 having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0027000000 Multi-cylinder pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders (F04B0025000000 takes precedence);; F04B0027020000 having cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft F04B0027040000 having cylinders in V-, fan-, or star-arrangement F04B0027060000 the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary F04B0027080000 having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis F04B0029000000 Other pumps with movable, e.g. rotatable, cylinders F04B0031000000 Free-piston pumps; Systems incorporating such pumps (muscle-driven pumps in which the stroke is not defined by gearing F04B0033000000;free-piston combustion engines, free-piston gas generators F02B0071000000; systems predominated by prime mover aspects, see the relevant class for the prime mover); F04B0033000000 Pumps actuated by muscle power, e.g. for inflating F04B0033020000 with intermediate gearing F04B0035000000 Pumps characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for (predominant aspects of the engines or motors, see the relevant classes);; F04B0035020000 having fluid transmitting link F04B0035040000 having electric drive F04B0035060000 Mobile combinations F04B0037000000 Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0025000000-F04B0035000000 F04B0037020000 for evacuating by absorption or adsorption (absorption or adsorption in general B01J);; F04B0037040000 Selection of specific absorption or adsorption materials F04B0037060000 for evacuating by thermal means F04B0037080000 by condensing or freezing F04B0037100000 for special use (F04B0037020000, F04B0037060000 take precedence);; F04B0037120000 to obtain high pressure F04B0037140000 to obtain high vacuum F04B0037160000 Means for nullifying unswept space F04B0037180000 for specific elastic fluids F04B0037200000 for wet gases, e.g. wet air F04B0039000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B0025000000-F04B0037000000; (for controlling F04B0047000000);; F04B0039020000 Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M);; F04B0039040000 Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid F04B0039060000 Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P);;Heating; Prevention of freezing F04B0039080000 Actuation of distribution members F04B0039100000 Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members F04B0039120000 Casings (casings for machines or engines in general F16M);;Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections F04B0039140000 Provisions for readily assembling or disassembling F04B0039160000 Filtration; Moisture separation F04B0041000000 Pumping installations or systems (F04B0031000000, F04B0035000000 take precedence);; F04B0041020000 having reservoirs F04B0041040000 Conversion of internal-combustion engine cylinder units to pumps F04B0041060000 Combinations of two or more pumps F04B0043000000 Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members (pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids F04B0045000000);; F04B0043020000 having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms F04B0043040000 Pumps having electric drive F04B0043060000 Pumps having fluid drive F04B0043080000 having tubular flexible members (F04B0043120000 takes precedence);; F04B0043100000 Pumps having fluid drive F04B0043120000 having peristaltic action F04B0045000000 Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids F04B0045020000 Bellows F04B0045040000 having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms F04B0045060000 having tubular flexible members (F04B0045020000 take precedence);; F04B0045080000 having peristaltic action F04B0047000000 Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps (by using positive or negative pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped F04F0001000000);; F04B0047020000 the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level (F04B0047120000 takes precedence);; F04B0047040000 the driving means incorporating fluid means F04B0047060000 having motor-pump units situated at great depth F04B0047080000 the motors being actuated by fluid F04B0047100000 the units or parts thereof being liftable to ground level by fluid pressure F04B0047120000 having free plunger lifting the fluid to the surface F04B0047140000 Counterbalancing F04B0049000000 Control of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04B0001000000-F04B0047000000 F04B0049020000 Stopping, starting, unloading, or idling control F04B0049040000 Regulating by means of floats F04B0049060000 Control using electricity (regulating by means of floats actuating electric switches F04B0049040000);; F04B0049080000 Regulating by delivery pressure F04B0049100000 Other safety measures F04B0051000000 Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations F04C ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS (engines F03C);;ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS F04C0001000000 Rotary-piston machines or pumps (with non-parallel axes of co-operating members F04C0003000000;with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F04C0005000000; with fluid ring or the like F04C0007000000; rotary-piston machines or pumps in which the working-fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons F04B) F04C0001020000 of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members (coaxial type F04C0001160000);; F04C0001040000 of intermeching-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing F04C0001060000 of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the inner member, e.g. of Moineau type F04C0001080000 of other than internal-axis type, with toothed rotors F04C0001100000 with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped or screw type F04C0001120000 of internal-axis type with co-operating members moving in the same direction at the point of interengagement, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member F04C0001140000 of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the point of interengagement being in opposite directions F04C0001160000 Rotary-piston machines or pumps not restricted to only one of the sub-groups ; F04C0001020000, F04C0001040000, F04C0001120000, or F04C0001140000) F04C0003000000 Rotary-piston machines or pumps, with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members, e.g. of screw type (with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F04C0005000000);; F04C0005000000 Rotary-piston machines or pumps with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F04C0007000000 Rotary-piston machines or pumps with fluid ring or the like F04C0009000000 Oscillating-piston machines or pumps F04C0011000000 Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations (F04C0013000000 takes precedence;fluid gearing F16H) F04C0013000000 Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures F04C0015000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, of machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups F04C0015020000 Control of working-fluid admission or discharge F04C0015040000 Other regulation or control F04C0017000000 Rotary-piston pumps (with fluid ring or the like F04C0019000000;rotary-piston pumps in which the working fluid is exclusively displaced by one or more reciprocating pistons F04B) F04C0017020000 of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members (coaxial type F04C0017180000);; F04C0017040000 of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing F04C0017060000 of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth, or tooth-equivalents than the inner member F04C0017080000 of other than internal-axis type F04C0017100000 with toothed rotors F04C0017120000 with helical teeth, e, g. chevron-shaped or screw type F04C0017140000 of internal-axis type with co-operating members moving in the same direction at the point of interengagement, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member F04C0017160000 of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the point of interengagement being in opposite directions F04C0017180000 Rotary-piston pumps not restricted to only one of the sub-groups ; F04C0017020000, F04C0017040000, F04C0017140000; or F04C0017160000) F04C0019000000 Rotary-piston pumps with fluid ring or the like F04C0021000000 Oscillating-piston pumps F04C0023000000 Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations; Multi-stage pumps (F04C0025000000 takes precedence);; F04C0023020000 Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors (predominant aspects of the engines or motors, see the relevant classes);; F04C0025000000 Adaptations of pumps for special use F04C0025020000 for producing high vacuum (sealing arrangements F04C0027000000;silencing F04C0029060000) F04C0027000000 Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps (sealing in general F16J);; F04C0027020000 Liquid sealing for high-vacuum pumps F04C0029000000 Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04C0017000000-F04C0027000000 F04C0029020000 Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M);;Lubricant separation (separation in general B01D);; F04C0029040000 Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P);;Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L0059000000);; F04C0029060000 Silencing (gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general F01N);; F04C0029080000 Control of working-fluid admission or discharge F04C0029100000 Other regulation or control F04D NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS F04D0001000000 Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps (adapted for pumping specific fluids F04D0007000000;priming or boosting F04D0009000000) F04D0001020000 having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal F04D0001040000 Helico-centrifugal pumps F04D0001060000 Multi-stage pumps (F04D0001020000 takes precedence);; F04D0001080000 the stages being situated concentrically F04D0001100000 with means for changing the flow-path through the stages, e.g. series/parallel F04D0001120000 Pumps with scoops or like paring members protruding in the fluid circulating in a bowl F04D0001140000 Pumps raising fluids by centrifugal force within a conical rotary bowl with vertical axis F04D0003000000 Axial-flow pumps (priming or boosting F04D0009000000);; F04D0003020000 of screw type F04D0005000000 Pumps with circumferential or transverse flow F04D0007000000 Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts F04D0007020000 of centrifugal type F04D0007040000 the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous F04D0007060000 the fluids being hot or corrosive, e.g. liquid metal F04D0007080000 the fluids being radioactive F04D0009000000 Priming; Preventing vapour lock F04D0009020000 Self-priming pumps F04D0009040000 Using priming pumps; Using booster pumps to prevent vapour lock F04D0009060000 of jet type F04D0011000000 Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps (pumping installations or systems F04D0013000000);; F04D0013000000 Pumping installations or systems (controlling F04D0015000000);; F04D0013020000 Units comprising pumps and their driving means (predominant aspects of the driving means, see the relevant classes for such means);; F04D0013040000 the pump being fluid-driven F04D0013060000 the pump being electrically driven F04D0013080000 for submerged use F04D0013100000 adapted for use in mining bore holes F04D0013120000 Combinations of two or more pumps (combinations with priming pumps or booster pumps to counter-act vapour lock F04D0009040000);; F04D0013140000 the pumps being all of centrifugal type F04D0013160000 with storage reservoirs F04D0015000000 Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems F04D0015020000 Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions F04D0017000000 Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps (F04D0021000000 takes precedence);; F04D0017020000 having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal F04D0017040000 of transverse-flow type F04D0017060000 Helico-centrifugal pumps F04D0017080000 Centrifugal pumps F04D0017100000 for compressing or evacuating F04D0017120000 Multi-stage pumps F04D0017140000 with means for changing the flow-path through the stages, e.g. series/parallel (surge control F04D0027020000);; F04D0017160000 for displacing without appreciable compression F04D0017180000 characterised by use of centrifugal force of liquids entrained in pumps F04D0019000000 Axial-flow pumps (F04D0021000000 takes precedence);; F04D0019020000 Multi-stage pumps F04D0019040000 specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps F04D0021000000 Pumps involving supersonic speed of pumped fluids F04D0023000000 Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps (pumping installations or systems F04D0025000000);; F04D0025000000 Pumping installations or systems (controlling F04D0027000000);; F04D0025020000 Units comprising pumps and their driving means (predominant aspects of the driving means, see the relevant classes for such means);; F04D0025040000 the pump being fluid-driven F04D0025060000 the pump being electrically driven (F04D0025080000 takes precedence);; F04D0025080000 the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation F04D0025100000 the unit having provisions for automatically changing the direction of output air F04D0025120000 the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures F04D0025140000 and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use F04D0025160000 Combinations of two or more pumps F04D0027000000 Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems F04D0027020000 Surge control F04D0029000000 Details, component parts, or accessories (machine elements in general F16);; F04D0029020000 Selection of particular materials (for handling specific liquids F04D0007000000);; F04D0029040000 Shafts; Bearings; Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M);; F04D0029060000 Lubrication F04D0029080000 Sealings F04D0029100000 Shaft sealings F04D0029120000 using sealing-rings F04D0029140000 operative only when pump is inoperative F04D0029160000 between pressure and suction sides F04D0029180000 Rotors (specially for elastic fluids F04D0029260000);; F04D0029200000 Mounting rotors on shafts F04D0029220000 specially for centrifugal pumps F04D0029240000 Vanes F04D0029260000 Rotors specially for elastic fluids F04D0029280000 for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps F04D0029300000 Vanes F04D0029320000 for axial-flow pumps F04D0029340000 Blade mountings F04D0029360000 adjustable F04D0029380000 Blades F04D0029400000 Casings; Connections for working fluid F04D0029420000 for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps F04D0029440000 Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers F04D0029460000 adjustable F04D0029480000 for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps F04D0029500000 for reversing fluid flow F04D0029520000 for axial pumps F04D0029540000 Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers F04D0029560000 adjustable F04D0029580000 Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P);;Heating; Diminishing heat transfer F04D0029600000 Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling F04D0029620000 of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps F04D0029640000 of axial pumps F04D0029660000 Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration, or the like (gas-flow silencers for machines or engines in general F01N);;Balancing (surge control F04D0027020000);; F04D0029680000 by influencing boundary layers F04D0029700000 Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning F04D0031000000 Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time F04D0033000000 Non-positive-displacement pumps with other than pure rotation, e.g. of oscillating type (F04D0035000000 takes precedence;hand-held fans A45B) F04D0035000000 Pumps producing waves in liquids, i.e. wave-producers (for bath tubs A47K0003100000);; F04F PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED (containers or packages with special means for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure B65D0083140000);;SIPHONS F04F0001000000 Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped (using only negative pressure F04F0003000000;jet pumps F04F0005000000; siphons F04F0010000000) F04F0001020000 using both positively and negatively pressurised fluid medium, e.g. alternating F04F0001040000 generated by vaporising and condensing F04F0001060000 the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped (F04F0001020000 takes precedence);; F04F0001080000 specially adapted for raising liquids from great depths, e.g. in wells F04F0001100000 of multiple type, e.g. with two or more units in parallel (F04F0001080000 takes precedence);; F04F0001120000 in series F04F0001140000 adapted to pump specific liquids, e.g. corrosive or hot liquids F04F0001160000 characterised by the fluid medium being suddenly pressurised, e.g. by explosion F04F0001180000 the fluid medium being mixed with, or generated from, the liquid to be pumped F04F0001200000 specially adapted for raising liquids from great depths, e.g. in wells F04F0003000000 Pumps using negative pressure acting directly on the liquid to be pumped (siphons F04F0010000000);; F04F0005000000 Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow (diffusion pumps F04F0009000000;combination of jet pumps with pumps of other than jet type F04B; use of jet pumps for priming or boosting non-positive-displacement pumps F04D) F04F0005020000 the inducing fluid being liquid F04F0005040000 displacing elastic fluids F04F0005060000 of rotary type F04F0005080000 the elastic fluid being entrained in a free-falling column of liquid F04F0005100000 displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids F04F0005120000 of multi-stage type F04F0005140000 the inducing fluid being elastic fluid F04F0005160000 displacing elastic fluids F04F0005180000 for compressing F04F0005200000 for evacuating F04F0005220000 of multi-stage type F04F0005240000 displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids F04F0005260000 of multi-stage type (F04F0005280000 takes precedence);; F04F0005280000 Restarting of inducing action F04F0005300000 with axially-slidable combining nozzle F04F0005320000 with hinged flap in combining nozzle F04F0005340000 characterised by means for changing inducing-fluid source F04F0005360000 characterised by using specific inducing fluid F04F0005380000 the inducing fluid being mercury vapour F04F0005400000 the inducing fluid being oil vapour F04F0005420000 characterised by the input flow of inducing fluid medium being radial or tangential to output flow (cyclones B04C);; F04F0005440000 Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups ; F04F0005020000-F04F0005420000 F04F0005460000 Arrangements of nozzles F04F0005480000 Control F04F0005500000 of compressing pumps F04F0005520000 of evacuating pumps F04F0005540000 Installations characterised by use of jet pumps, e.g. combinations of two or more jet pumps of different type F04F0007000000 Pumps displacing fluids by using inertia thereof, e.g. by generating vibrations therein F04F0007020000 Hydraulic rams F04F0009000000 Diffusion pumps F04F0009020000 of multi-stage type F04F0009040000 in combination with fore pumps, e.g. use of isolating valves F04F0009060000 Arrangement of vapour traps F04F0009080000 Control F04F0010000000 Siphons F04F0010020000 Gravity-actuated siphons F04F0011000000 Other pumps (evacuating by sorption F04B);; F15 FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL F15B SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (motors, turbines, compressors, blowers, pumps F01-F04; fluid dynamics F15D; fluid clutches or brakes F16D; fluid springs F16F; fluid gearing F16H; pistons, cylinders, packing F16J; valves, taps, cocks, actuating-floats F16K; safety valves with auxiliary fluid operation of the main valve F16K0017100000; fluid-operating means for valves F16K0031120000; pipes, pipe joints F16L; lubricating F16N) F15B0001000000 Installations for supplying fluid under pressure; Sumps F15B0001020000 Accumulator installations F15B0001040000 Accumulators F15B0001060000 Supply reservoir or sump assemblies F15B0003000000 Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids F15B0005000000 Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or ; vice-versaVarying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities (F15B0009000000 takes precedence;for measuring or controlling G01, G05) F15B0007000000 Systems in which the movement produced is definitely related to the output of a volumetric pump; Telemotors F15B0007020000 Systems with continuously-operating input and output apparatus F15B0007040000 in which the ratio between pump stroke and motor stroke varies with the resistance against the motor (in brake-actuating systems for motor vehicles B60T);; F15B0007060000 Details (F15B0015000000 takes precedence);; F15B0007080000 Input units; Master units F15B0007100000 Compensation of the liquid content in a system (F15B0007080000 takes precedence);; F15B0009000000 Servomotors with follow-up action, i.e. in which the position of the actuated member conforms with that of the controlling member F15B0009020000 with servomotors of the reciprocatable or oscillatable type F15B0009030000 with electrical control means F15B0009040000 controlled by varying the output of a pump with variable capacity F15B0009060000 controlled by means using a fluid jet F15B0009070000 with electrical control means F15B0009080000 controlled by valves affecting the fluid feed or the fluid outlet of the servomotor (F15B0009060000 takes precedence);; F15B0009090000 with electrical control means F15B0009100000 in which the controlling element and the servomotor each controls a separate member, these members influencing different fluid passages or the same passage F15B0009120000 in which both the controlling element and the servomotor control the same member influencing a fluid passage and are connected to that member by means of a differential gearing F15B0009140000 with rotary servomotors F15B0009160000 Systems essentially having two or more interacting servomotors F15B0009170000 with electrical control means F15B0011000000 Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action (F15B0003000000 takes precedence);; F15B0011020000 Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member F15B0011040000 for controlling the speed F15B0011050000 specially adapted to maintain constant speed F15B0011060000 involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam F15B0011080000 with only one servomotor F15B0011100000 in which the servomotor position is a function of the pressure F15B0011120000 providing distinct intermediate positions; with step-by-step action F15B0011140000 without special provision for intermediate position F15B0011150000 with special provision for automatic return F15B0011160000 with two or more servomotors F15B0011180000 used in combination for obtaining stepwise operation of a single controlled member F15B0011200000 controlling several interacting or sequentially-operating members F15B0011220000 Synchronisation of the movement of two or more servomotors F15B0013000000 Details of servomotor systems (F15B0015000000 takes precedence);; F15B0013010000 Locking-valves or other detent devices (associated with the actuator F15B0015260000);; F15B0013020000 Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors (multiple-way valves F16K0011000000);; F15B0013040000 for use with a single servomotor F15B0013042000 operated by fluid pressure F15B0013043000 with electrically-controlled pilot valves F15B0013044000 operated by eletrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors F15B0013060000 for use with two or more servomotors F15B0013070000 in distinct sequence F15B0013080000 Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only F15B0013090000 for use with two or more pumps F15B0013100000 Special arrangements for operating the actuated device without using fluid pressure, e.g. for emergency use F15B0013120000 Special measures for increasing the sensitivity of the system F15B0013140000 Special measures for giving the operating person a "feeling" of the response of the actuated device F15B0013160000 Special measures for feedback F15B0015000000 Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another (motors for continuous movement F01-F03);Gearing associated therewith (gearings per se F16H);; F15B0015020000 Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member F15B0015040000 with oscillating cylinder F15B0015060000 for mechanically converting rectilinear movement into non-rectilinear movement F15B0015080000 characterised by the construction of the motor unit (pistons, cylinders, packing F16J);; F15B0015100000 the motor being of diaphragm type (diaphragms, bellows F16J0003000000);; F15B0015120000 of the oscillating-vane or curved-cylinder type F15B0015140000 of the straight-cylinder type F15B0015160000 of the telescopic type F15B0015170000 of differential-piston type F15B0015180000 Combined units comprising both motor and pump F15B0015200000 Other details F15B0015220000 for accelerating or decelerating the stroke F15B0015240000 for restricting the stroke F15B0015260000 Locking mechanisms F15B0017000000 Combinations of telemotor and servomotor systems F15B0017020000 in which a telemotor operates the control member of a servomotor F15B0018000000 Parallel arrangements of independent servomotor systems F15B0019000000 Testing fluid-pressure systems or apparatus, so far as not provided for elsewhere F15B0020000000 Safety arrangements; Applications of safety devices (safety devices in general F16P);;Emergency measures F15B0021000000 Common features; Fluid-pressure systems, or details thereof, not covered by any preceding group F15B0021020000 Servomotor systems with programme control derived from a store or timing device; Control devices therefor (programme control in general G05B0019000000);; F15B0021040000 Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid, e.g. for venting, compensating for changes of viscosity, cooling, filtering, preventing churning F15B0021060000 Use of special fluids, e.g. liquid metal; Special adaptations of fluid-pressure systems, or control of elements therefor, to the use of such fluids F15B0021080000 Servomotor systems incorporating electrically-operated control means (F15B0021020000 takes precedence);; F15B0021100000 Delay devices or arrangements (associated with fluid motors or actuators F15B0015220000);; F15B0021120000 Fluid oscillators or pulse generators F15C FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES (transducers F15B0005000000;fluid dynamics in general F15D; computers comprising fluid elements G06D, G06G) F15C0001000000 Circuit elements having no moving parts F15C0001020000 Details F15C0001040000 Means for controlling fluid streams to fluid devices, e.g. by electric signals F15C0001060000 Constructional details; Selection of specified materials F15C0001080000 Boundary-layer devices, e.g. wall-attachment amplifiers F15C0001100000 for digital operation, e.g. to form a logical flip-flop, OR-gate, NOR-gate F15C0001120000 Multiple arrangements thereof (for static information stores G11C0025000000);; F15C0001140000 Stream-interaction devices; Momentum-exchange devices, e.g. operating by exchange between two orthogonal fluid jets F15C0001160000 Vortex devices, i.e. devices in which use is made of the pressure drop associated with vortex motion in a fluid F15C0001180000 Turbulence devices, i.e. devices in which a controlling stream will cause a laminar flow to become turbulent F15C0001200000 Direct-impact devices, i.e. devices in which two collinear opposing power streams are impacted F15C0001220000 Oscillators F15C0003000000 Circuit elements having moving parts (valves, construction of valves F16K);; F15C0003020000 using spool valves F15C0003040000 using diaphragms F15C0003060000 using balls F15C0003080000 using reeds F15C0003100000 using nozzles or jet pipes F15C0003120000 the nozzle or jet pipe being movable F15C0003140000 the jet from the nozzle being intercepted by a flap F15C0003160000 Oscillators F15C0004000000 Circuit elements characterised by their special functions F15C0005000000 Manufacture of fluid-circuit elements; Manufacture of assemblages of such elements F15C0007000000 Hybrid elements, i.e. circuit elements having features according to groups ; F15C0001000000 and F15C0003000000 F15D FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS (fluid-circuit elements F15C);; F15D0001000000 Influencing the flow of fluids F15D0001020000 in pipes or conduits F15D0001040000 Arrangements of guide vanes in pipe elbows or duct bends; Construction of pipe conduit elements or elbows with respect to flow, specially for reducing losses of flow F15D0001060000 by influencing the boundary layer F15D0001080000 of jets leaving an orifice (nozzles or outlets with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet B05B, e.g. B05B0001260000);; F15D0001100000 around bodies of solid material F15D0001120000 by influencing the boundary layer F15D0001140000 Diverting flow into alternative channels (in hydraulic engineering E02B);; F16 ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS F16B DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING (buckles, slide fasteners A44B;ornamental heads for nails, screws, etc. A47G0003000000; connections for building structures in general E04B0001380000; scaffolding couplings E04G0007000000; pipe joints F16L; magnetic holding devices H01F0007000000; electrostatic holding devices H02N0013000000) F16B0001000000 Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts (the following groups in this sub-class take precedence); F16B0001020000 Means for securing elements of mechanisms after operation (means for bringing members to rest F16D);; F16B0001040000 disengaged by movement of the actuating member of the element (locking of actuators G05G, e.g. G05G0005000000);; F16B0002000000 Friction-grip releasable fastenings (for cables or ropes, e.g. cleats, F16G0011000000);; F16B0002020000 Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening F16B0002040000 internal, i.e. with spreading action (F16B0002140000-F16B0002180000; take precedence);; F16B0002060000 external, i.e. with contracting action (F16B0002140000-F16B0002180000; take precedence);; F16B0002080000 using bands F16B0002100000 using pivoting jaws F16B0002120000 using sliding jaws F16B0002140000 using wedges F16B0002160000 using rollers or balls F16B0002180000 using cams, levers, eccentrics, or toggles F16B0002200000 Clips, i.e. with gripping action effected solely by the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening F16B0002220000 of resilient material, e.g. rubbery material F16B0002240000 of metal F16B0002260000 of pliable non-resilient material, e.g. plant tie F16B0003000000 Key-type connections; Keys (F16B0002000000 takes precedence;for rods or tubes mutually F16B0007000000) F16B0003040000 using keys formed of wire or other flexible material, to be inserted through an opening giving access to grooves in the adjacent surfaces of the parts to be connected F16B0003060000 using taper sleeves F16B0004000000 Shrinkage connection, e.g. assembled with the parts at different temperature; Force fits (restricted to metal parts or objects B23P0011020000);;Non-releasable friction-grip fastenings (F16B0002000000 takes precedence);; F16B0005000000 Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them (by sticking together F16B0011000000;dowel connections F16B0013000000; pins, including deformable elements F16B0019000000; covering of walls E04F0013000000; fastening signs, plates, panels, or boards to a supporting structure, fastening readily-detachable elements, e.g. letters to signs, plates, panels, or boards, G09F0007000000) F16B0005010000 by means of fastening elements specially adapted for honeycomb panels F16B0005020000 by means of fastening members using screw-thread (construction of screw-threaded connections F16B0025000000-F16B0039000000); F16B0005040000 by means of riveting (rivets F16B0019040000);; F16B0005060000 by means of clamps or clips (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000);; F16B0005070000 by means of multiple interengaging protrusions on the surfaces, e.g. hooks, coils F16B0005080000 by means of welds or the like (welding B23K);; F16B0005100000 by means of bayonet connections (fastening devices locking by rotation F16B0021020000);; F16B0005120000 Fastening strips or bars to sheets or plates, e.g. rubber strips, decorative strips for motor vehicles, by means of clips (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000;fastening rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle F16B0009000000) F16B0007000000 Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections (umbrella frames A45B0025020000;welding or soldering of connections B23K; vehicle connections in general B60D; railway couplings B61G; bicycle frames B62K; shaft couplings F16D; couplings for tubes conveying fluid F16L) F16B0007020000 with conical parts F16B0007040000 Clamping or clipping connections (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000);; F16B0007060000 Turnbuckles (for cables, ropes, or wire F16G0011120000);; F16B0007080000 Pipe saddles (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000);; F16B0007100000 Telescoping systems (for scaffolding E04G0025040000;telescope props for mining E21D0015140000-E21D0015460000; stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon F16M0011000000) F16B0007120000 locking only in extreme extended position F16B0007140000 locking in intermediate positions F16B0007160000 locking only against movement in one direction F16B0007180000 using screw-thread elements F16B0007200000 using bayonet connections F16B0007220000 using hooks or like elements F16B0009000000 Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000;making press-fit connections B23P0011000000, B23P0019000000; fluid-tight connecting of pipes to reservoirs, sheets, or the like F16L; hangers or supports for pipes F16L0003000000) F16B0009020000 Detachable connections F16B0011000000 Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding (non-electric welding in general B23K;methods of using adhesives independently of the form of the surfaces joined C09J0005000000) F16B0012000000 Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior (F16B0002000000-F16B0011000000; take precedence;fastening means per se F16B0013000000-F16B0047000000; wood-working B27) F16B0012020000 Joints between panels and corner posts F16B0012040000 Non-loosenable joints for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. glued F16B0012060000 Non-loosenable joints for metal furniture parts F16B0012080000 without use of separate connecting elements F16B0012100000 using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like (glued F16B0012040000;fastening means per se F16B0015000000-F16B0047000000) F16B0012120000 for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics F16B0012140000 using threaded bolts or screws F16B0012160000 using self-tapping screws F16B0012180000 using drawing bars F16B0012200000 using clamps, clips, wedges, sliding bolts, or the like F16B0012220000 using keyhole-shaped slots and pins F16B0012240000 using separate pins, dowels, or the like F16B0012260000 using snap-action elements F16B0012280000 for metal furniture parts F16B0012300000 using threaded bolts F16B0012320000 using clamps, clips, wedges, sliding bolts, or the like F16B0012340000 using keyhole-shaped slots and pins F16B0012360000 using separate pins, dowels, or the like F16B0012380000 using snap-action elements F16B0012400000 Joints for furniture tubing F16B0012420000 connecting furniture tubing to non-tubular parts F16B0012440000 Leg joints; Corner joints F16B0012460000 Non-metal corner connections F16B0012480000 Non-metal leg connections (F16B0012460000 takes precedence);; F16B0012500000 Metal corner connections F16B0012520000 Metal leg connections (F16B0012500000 takes precedence);; F16B0012540000 Fittings for bedsteads or the like F16B0012560000 Brackets for bedsteads; Coupling joints consisting of bolts or the like; Latches therefor F16B0012580000 Tapered connectors for bed rails F16B0012600000 Fittings for detachable side panels F16B0013000000 Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose (nails F16B0015000000;self-locking pins or bolts in general, stud-and-socket releasable fastenings F16B0021000000; dowels or bolts for railroad sleepers E01B0009000000; bolts or dowels used while laying bricks or casting concrete E04B0001380000) F16B0013020000 in one piece with protrusions or ridges on the shaft F16B0013040000 with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front (friction-grip releasable fastenings in general F16B0002000000);; F16B0013060000 combined with expanding sleeve F16B0013080000 with separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation F16B0013100000 with separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device by a separate operation (F16B0013060000 takes precedence);; F16B0013120000 Separate metal dowel sleeves fastened by inserting the screw, nail, or the like F16B0013130000 self-cutting F16B0013140000 Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of loose material therefor F16B0015000000 Nails; Staples (manufacture thereof B21G);; F16B0015020000 with specially-shaped heads, e.g. with enlarged surfaces (ornaments for furniture A47B0095040000;removable ornamental heads for nails A47G0003000000) F16B0015040000 with spreading shaft F16B0015060000 with barbs, e.g. for metal parts; Drive screws F16B0015080000 formed in integral series but easily separable F16B0017000000 Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by a part of or on one member entering a hole in the other (construction of bolts, pins, or rivets F16B0019000000;riveting F16B0019040000; means for preventing withdrawal of a pin, spigot, or the like from its operative position, stud-and-socket releasable fastenings F16B0021000000) F16B0019000000 Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements (in screwed connections F16B0029000000);;Rivets (means for preventing withdrawal F16B0021000000);; F16B0019020000 Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings F16B0019040000 Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting (lead seals G09F0003000000);; F16B0019050000 Bolts fastening by swaged-on collars (F16B0019080000 takes precedence);; F16B0019060000 Solid rivets made in one piece F16B0019080000 Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets F16B0019100000 fastened by expanding mechanically F16B0019120000 fastened by fluid pressure, including by explosion (bolts shot by means of detonation-operated nailing tools into concrete constructions, metal walls, or the like F16B0019140000);; F16B0019140000 Bolts or the like for shooting into concrete constructions, metal walls, or the like by means of detonation-operated nailing tools (tools therefor B25C);; F16B0021000000 Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft, or the like and a member surrounding it (riveted or deformable spigots F16B0019040000;for gudgeon pins F16J0001180000); Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings F16B0021020000 Releasable fastening devices locking by rotation (with snap action F16B0021060000;studs or coupling-pins with resilient protrusions F16B0021080000) F16B0021040000 with bayonet catch F16B0021060000 Releasable fastening devices with snap action F16B0021070000 in which the socket has a resilient part F16B0021080000 in which the stud, pin, or spigot has a resilient part (wall-dowels F16B0013000000);; F16B0021090000 Releasable fastening devices with a stud engaging a keyhole slot F16B0021100000 by separate parts (key-type connection F16B0003000000;locking screws or nuts against rotation by such means F16B0039040000) F16B0021120000 with locking-pins or split-pins thrust into holes F16B0021140000 Details of locking-pins or split-pins F16B0021160000 with grooves or notches in the pin or shaft F16B0021180000 with circlips or like resilient retaining devices; Details (spring-washers for locking nuts F16B0039240000;adjusting-rings F16B0043000000) F16B0021200000 for bolts or shafts without holes, grooves, or notches for locking members F16B0023000000 Specially-shaped heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool F16B0025000000 Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood-screws F16B0027000000 Bolts, screws, or nuts formed in integral series but easily separable, particularly for use in automatic machines F16B0029000000 Screwed connection with deformation of nut or auxiliary member while fastening (members deformed for locking screws, bolts or nuts F16B0039220000);; F16B0031000000 Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts (shape of thread F16B0033040000);; F16B0031020000 for indicating or limiting tensile load F16B0031040000 for maintaining constant tensile load F16B0031060000 having regard to possibility of fatigue rupture F16B0033000000 Features common to bolt and nut F16B0033020000 Shape of thread; Special thread-forms (used as screw-locking device F16B0039300000);; F16B0033040000 in view of tensile load F16B0033060000 Surface treatment of parts furnished with screw-thread, e.g. for preventing seizure F16B0035000000 Screw-bolts; Stay bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws (thread-cutting screws F16B0025000000);; F16B0035020000 divided longitudinally F16B0035040000 with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object (locking the bolt against turning in the object by the use of accessory parts F16B0039000000);; F16B0035060000 Specially-shaped heads (special shape in order to rotate the bolt F16B0023000000);; F16B0037000000 Nuts or like thread-engaging members F16B0037020000 made of thin sheet material (fastening to surfaces F16B0037040000);; F16B0037040000 Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates F16B0037060000 by means of welding or riveting F16B0037080000 Quickly-detachable nuts, e.g. consisting of two or more parts; Nuts movable along the bolt after tilting the nut F16B0037100000 divided parallel or about parallel to the bolt axis F16B0037120000 with thread-engaging surfaces formed by inserted coil-springs, discs, or the like; Independent pieces of wound wire used as nuts; Threaded inserts for holes F16B0037140000 Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps F16B0037160000 Wing nuts (F16B0037140000 takes precedence);; F16B0039000000 Locking of screws, bolts, or nuts (locking of bottle closures B65D;locking of rail-fastening bolts for permanent ways E01B0009120000; locking of fastening means for railway fishplates E01B0011380000; locking devices for valves or cocks F16K) F16B0039010000 specially adapted to prevent loosening at extreme temperatures F16B0039020000 in which the locking takes place after screwing down (F16B0039010000 takes precedence;split-pins, circlips, or the like for preventing relative axial movement only F16B0021100000; fastening nuts by welding or riveting F16B0037060000) F16B0039040000 with a member penetrating the screw-threaded surface of at least one part, e.g. a pin, wedge, cotter-pin, screw F16B0039060000 with a pin or staple parallel to the bolt axis F16B0039080000 with a cap interacting with the nut, connected to the bolt by a pin or cotter-pin F16B0039100000 by a plate or ring immovable with regard to the bolt or object (F16B0039080000 takes precedence);; F16B0039120000 by means of locknuts F16B0039140000 made of thin sheet material or formed as spring washers (locknuts per se made of thin sheet material F16B0037020000);; F16B0039160000 in which the screw-thread of the locknut differs from that of the nut F16B0039180000 in which the locknut grips with screw-thread in the nuts as well as on the bolt F16B0039200000 by means of steel wire or the like (F16B0039100000 takes precedence);; F16B0039220000 in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening (F16B0039010000 takes precedence);; F16B0039240000 by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object (locking to the screw-thread F16B0039140000, F16B0039360000);; F16B0039260000 with spring washers fastened to the nut or bolt-head F16B0039280000 by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt (F16B0039260000 takes precedence;locknuts F16B0039120000) F16B0039282000 Locking by means of special shape of work-engaging surfaces, e.g. notched or toothed nuts F16B0039284000 Locking by means of elastic deformation (F16B0039380000 takes precedence);; F16B0039286000 caused by saw cuts F16B0039300000 Locking exclusively by special shape of the screw-thread F16B0039320000 Locking by means of a pawl or pawl-like tongue F16B0039340000 Locking by deformable inserts or like parts F16B0039360000 with conical locking parts, which may be split, including use of separate rings co-operating therewith F16B0039380000 with a second part of the screw-thread which may be resiliently mounted (F16B0039300000 takes precedence);; F16B0041000000 Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorized operation of bolts, nuts, or pins (seals G09F0003000000);; F16B0043000000 Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts (circlips F16B0021180000;with special means for locking bolts or nuts F16B0039100000, F16B0039240000) F16B0043020000 with special provisions for engaging surfaces which are not perpendicular to a bolt axis or do not surround the bolt F16B0045000000 Hooks; Eyes (if the attaching parts or means are concerned, groups F16B0013000000, F16B0015000000, F16B0019000000, F16B0025000000, F16B0035000000, F16B0047000000 take precedence;for hanging pictures or the like A47G0001160000; for hoisting or hauling purposes B66C) F16B0045020000 Hooks with pivoting closing member F16B0045040000 Hooks with sliding closing member F16B0045060000 Hooks with two symmetrically-pivoting hook parts F16B0047000000 Suction cups for attaching purposes; Equivalent means using adhesives F16C SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OF CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS F16C0001000000 Flexible shafts; Mechanical means for transmitting movement in a flexible sheathing F16C0001020000 for conveying rotary movements F16C0001040000 Articulated shafts F16C0001060000 with guiding-sheathing, tube, or box (F16C0001040000 takes precedence;guiding-sheathings F16C0001260000) F16C0001080000 End connections F16C0001100000 Means for transmitting linear movement in a flexible sheathing, e.g. "Bowden mechanisms" (guiding-sheathings F16C0001260000);; F16C0001120000 Arrangements for transmitting movement to or from the flexible member F16C0001140000 Construction of the end-piece of the flexible member; Attachment thereof to the flexible member F16C0001160000 in which the end-piece is guided rectilinearly F16C0001180000 in which the end portion of the flexible member is laid along a curved surface of a pivoted member F16C0001200000 Construction of flexible members moved to and fro in the sheathing F16C0001220000 Adjusting; Compensating length F16C0001240000 Lubrication; Lubricating equipment F16C0001260000 Construction of guiding-sheathings or guiding-tubes F16C0001280000 with built-in bearings F16C0003000000 Shafts (flexible shafts F16C0001000000);;Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics F16C0003020000 Shafts; Axles F16C0003030000 telescopic F16C0003035000 with built-in bearings F16C0003040000 Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics F16C0003060000 Crankshafts F16C0003080000 made in one piece (features relating to lubrication F16C0003140000, to cooling F16C0003160000);; F16C0003100000 assembled of several parts, e.g. by welding F16C0003120000 releasably connected F16C0003140000 Features relating to lubrication F16C0003160000 Features relating to cooling F16C0003180000 Eccentric-shafts F16C0003200000 Shape of crankshafts or eccentric-shafts having regard to balancing F16C0003220000 Cranks; Eccentrics (constructional features of crank-pins per se F16C0011020000);; F16C0003240000 with return cranks, i.e. a second crank carried by the crank-pin F16C0003260000 Elastic crank-webs; Resiliently-mounted crank-pins (elastic connecting-rods F16C0007040000);; F16C0003280000 Adjustable cranks or eccentrics (adjustable crank mechanisms F16H0021200000);; F16C0003300000 with arrangements for overcoming dead-centres F16C0005000000 Crossheads; Constructions of connecting-rod heads or piston-rod connections rigid with crossheads (piston-rods F16J0007000000);; F16C0007000000 Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends (coupling-rods for locomotive driving-wheels B61C;with clutch or overload release F16H0057060000-F16H0057100000); Construction of connecting-rod heads (heads rigid with crossheads F16H0005000000);; F16C0007020000 Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length F16C0007040000 with elastic intermediate part or fluid cushion F16C0007060000 Adjustable connecting-rods F16C0007080000 made from sheet metal F16C0009000000 Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods (lubrication of connecting-rods in connection with crankshafts F16C0003140000;connections to crossheads F16C0005000000, to pistons F16J0001140000) F16C0009020000 Crankshaft bearings F16C0009030000 Arrangements for adjusting play F16C0009040000 Connecting-rod bearings; Attachment thereof F16C0009060000 Arrangements for adjusting play in bearings, operating either automatically or not (adjustable bearings in general F16C0025000000;adjusting arrangements in general F16H0057000000) F16C0011000000 Pivots; Pivotal connections F16C0011020000 Trunnions; Crank-pins (fastening crank-pins to webs, crank-pins integral with cranks F16C0003060000, F16C0003220000);; F16C0011040000 Pivotal connections (for windows or doors E05D;rubber springs with stiff outer sleeve and inner sleeve or pin F16F0001380000) F16C0011060000 Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints (for transmitting rotary motion F16D0003000000);; F16C0011080000 with resilient bearings F16C0011100000 Arrangements for locking F16C0011120000 incorporating flexible connections, e.g. leaf springs F16C0013000000 Rolls, drums, discs, or the like (pulleys F16H0055000000;special adaptations, see the relevant classes);Bearings or mountings therefor F16C0013020000 Bearings F16C0013040000 Bearings with only partial enclosure of the member to be borne; Bearings with local support at two or more points F16C0013060000 self-adjusting F16C0015000000 Construction of rotary bodies to resist centrifugal force (flywheels, correction weights F16F0015300000, F16F0015320000);; F16C0017000000 Sliding-contact bearings (F16C0032060000 takes precedence;adjustable bearings F16C0023000000, F16C0025000000) F16C0017020000 for radial load only F16C0017030000 with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings F16C0017040000 for axial load only F16C0017060000 with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings F16C0017080000 for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings F16C0017100000 for both radial and axial load F16C0017120000 characterised by features not related to the direction of the load F16C0017140000 specially adapted for operating in water F16C0017180000 with floating brasses or bushes, rotatable at a reduced speed F16C0017200000 with emergency supports or bearings F16C0017220000 with arrangements compensating for thermal expansion F16C0017240000 with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety F16C0017260000 Systems consisting of a plurality of sliding-contact bearings F16C0019000000 Bearings with rolling contact (adjustable bearings F16C0023000000, F16C0025000000);; F16C0019020000 with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows F16C0019040000 for radial load mainly F16C0019060000 with a single row of balls F16C0019080000 with two or more rows of balls F16C0019100000 for axial load mainly F16C0019120000 for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings F16C0019140000 for both radial and axial load F16C0019160000 with a single row of balls F16C0019180000 with two or more rows of balls F16C0019200000 with loose spacing bodies, e.g. balls, between the bearing balls F16C0019220000 with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings F16C0019240000 for radial load mainly F16C0019260000 with a single row of rollers F16C0019280000 with two or more rows of rollers F16C0019300000 for axial load mainly F16C0019320000 for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings F16C0019340000 for both radial and axial load F16C0019360000 with a single row of rollers F16C0019380000 with two or more rows of rollers F16C0019400000 with loose spacing bodies between the rollers F16C0019440000 Needle bearings F16C0019460000 with one row of needles F16C0019480000 with two or more rows of needles F16C0019490000 Bearings with both balls and rollers F16C0019500000 Other types of ball or roller bearings F16C0019520000 with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions F16C0019540000 Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction (spindle bearings F16C0035080000);; F16C0019550000 with intermediate floating rings rotating at reduced speed F16C0019560000 in which the rolling bodies of one bearing differ in diameter from those of another F16C0021000000 Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings (F16C0017240000, F16C0019520000 take precedence);; F16C0023000000 Bearings adjustable for aligning or positioning (F16C0027000000 takes precedence);; F16C0023020000 Sliding-contact bearings F16C0023040000 self-adjusting F16C0023060000 Ball or roller bearings F16C0023080000 self-adjusting F16C0023100000 Bearings, parts of which are eccentrically adjustable with respect to each other F16C0025000000 Bearings adjustable for wear or play (F16C0027000000 takes precedence);; F16C0025020000 Sliding-contact bearings F16C0025040000 self-adjusting F16C0025060000 Ball or roller bearings F16C0025080000 self-adjusting F16C0027000000 Elastic or yielding bearings F16C0027020000 Sliding-contact bearings F16C0027040000 Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies F16C0027060000 by means of parts of rubber or like materials (F16C0027080000 takes precedence;with sliding surfaces of rubber or synthetic rubber F16C0033220000; construction of units comprising rigid inner and outer members with rubber or the like between them F16F0001380000) F16C0027080000 primarily for axial load, e.g. for vertically-arranged shafts F16C0029000000 Bearings for parts moving only linearly (F16C0032060000 takes precedence;incorporated in flexible shafts F16C0001280000) F16C0029020000 Sliding-contact bearings F16C0029040000 Ball or roller bearings F16C0029060000 in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load F16C0029080000 Arrangements for covering or protecting the ways F16C0029100000 Arrangements for locking the bearings (preventing relative movement between machine parts in general F16B, e.g. F16B0001000000);; F16C0029120000 Arrangements for adjusting play F16C0031000000 Bearings for parts which both rotate and move linearly F16C0031020000 Sliding-contact bearings F16C0031040000 Ball or roller bearings F16C0031060000 in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load F16C0032000000 Bearings not otherwise provided for F16C0032020000 Knife-edge bearings F16C0032040000 using magnetic or electric supporting means F16C0032060000 with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings F16C0033000000 Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof (metal-working or like operations, see the relevant classes);; F16C0033020000 Parts of sliding-contact bearings F16C0033040000 Brasses; Bushes; Linings F16C0033060000 Sliding surface mainly made of metal (F16C0033240000-F16C0033280000; take precedence);; F16C0033080000 Attachment of brasses, bushes, or linings to the bearing housing F16C0033100000 Construction relative to lubrication F16C0033120000 Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing (the materials or treatments themselves, see the relevant classes, e.g. C22C);; F16C0033140000 Special methods of manufacture; Running-in F16C0033160000 Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite F16C0033180000 Sliding surface consisting mainly of wood or fibrous material F16C0033200000 Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics (F16C0033220000-F16C0033280000; take precedence);; F16C0033220000 Sliding surface consisting mainly of rubber or synthetic rubber (F16C0033240000-F16C0033280000; take precedence;of interest apart from the surface itself F16C0027060000) F16C0033240000 with different areas of the sliding surface consisting of different materials F16C0033260000 made from wire coils; made from a number of discs, rings, rods, or other members F16C0033280000 with embedded reinforcements shaped as frames or meshed materials F16C0033300000 Parts of ball or roller bearings F16C0033320000 Balls F16C0033340000 Rollers; Needles F16C0033360000 with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces F16C0033370000 Loose spacing bodies F16C0033372000 solid F16C0033374000 resilient F16C0033380000 Ball cages F16C0033400000 for multiple rows of balls F16C0033410000 comb-shaped F16C0033420000 made from wire or sheet-metal strips (F16C0033400000, F16C0033410000 take precedence);; F16C0033440000 Selection of substances (F16C0033400000, F16C0033410000 take precedence);; F16C0033460000 Cages for rollers or needles F16C0033480000 for multiple rows of rollers or needles F16C0033490000 comb-shaped F16C0033500000 formed of interconnected members, e.g. chains F16C0033510000 formed of unconnected members F16C0033520000 with no part entering between, or touching, the bearing surfaces of the rollers (F16C0033500000 takes precedence);; F16C0033540000 made from wire, strips, or sheet metal (F16C0033480000, F16C0033490000 take precedence);; F16C0033560000 Selection of substances (F16C0033480000, F16C0033490000 take precedence);; F16C0033580000 Raceways, Race rings F16C0033600000 divided F16C0033610000 formed by wires F16C0033620000 Selection of substances F16C0033640000 Special methods of manufacture F16C0033660000 Special parts or details in view of lubrication F16C0033720000 Sealings (sealings in general F16J);; F16C0033740000 of sliding-contact bearings F16C0033760000 of ball or roller bearings F16C0033780000 with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members F16C0033800000 Labyrinth sealings F16C0033820000 Arrangements for electrostatic or magnetic action against dust or other particles F16C0035000000 Support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers (F16C0023000000 takes precedence);; F16C0035020000 in the case of sliding-contact bearings F16C0035040000 in the case of ball or roller bearings F16C0035060000 Mounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them on the shaft or in the housing F16C0035080000 for spindles F16C0035100000 with sliding-contact bearings F16C0035120000 with ball or roller bearings F16C0037000000 Cooling of bearings F16C0039000000 Relieving load on bearings F16C0039020000 using mechanical means F16C0039040000 using hydraulic or pneumatic means F16C0039060000 using magnetic means F16C0041000000 Other accessories F16C0041020000 Arrangements for equalising the load on a plurality of bearings or their elements F16C0041040000 Preventing damage to bearings during storage or transport thereof or when otherwise out of use F16C0043000000 Assembling bearings F16C0043020000 Assembling sliding-contact bearings F16C0043040000 Assembling rolling contact bearings F16C0043060000 Placing rolling bodies in cages or bearings F16C0043080000 by deforming the cages or the races F16D COUPLINGS; CLUTCHES; BRAKES (arrangements or location of clutches in vehicles B60K0017000000, e.g. B60K0017020000);; F16D0001000000 Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements (attachment of wheels to axles for railway carriages B60B;for attachment of cranks to their shafts F16C0003100000) F16D0001020000 for connecting two abutting shafts or the like F16D0001040000 with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key F16D0001060000 for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end F16D0001080000 with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key F16D0001100000 Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially F16D0001120000 allowing adjustment of the parts about the axis (during motion F16D0003100000);; F16D0003000000 Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive (couplings disconnectable simply by axial movement F16D0001100000;slip couplings F16D0007000000) F16D0003020000 adapted to specific functions (universal joints, see the appropriate groups);; F16D0003040000 specially adapted to allow radial displacement, e.g. Oldham couplings F16D0003060000 specially adapted to allow axial displacement F16D0003080000 Couplings for intersecting shafts, provided with intermediate bars bent in an angle corresponding with the angle of intersection F16D0003100000 Couplings with means for varying the angular relationship of two coaxial shafts during motion F16D0003120000 specially adapted for accumulation of energy to absorb shocks or vibration (by making use of fluid elements F16D0003800000);; F16D0003140000 combined with a friction coupling for damping vibration or absorbing shock F16D0003160000 Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts F16D0003180000 the coupling parts having slidably-interengaging teeth ("coupling parts" means the driving member and the driven member of the coupling to the mounted on, and rotate as a unit with, the shafts or their equivalents between which the coupling is placed. An intermediate member interconnecting these parts is regarded as such an equivalent.); F16D0003190000 of resilient material or structure F16D0003200000 one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members (F16D0003180000, F16D0003240000 take precedence);; F16D0003220000 the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves F16D0003240000 comprising balls, rollers, or the like between overlapping driving faces, e.g. cogs, on both coupling parts F16D0003260000 Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected (F16D0003180000, F16D0003200000 take precedence);; F16D0003280000 in which the interconnecting pivots include elastic members F16D0003300000 in which the coupling is specially adapted to constant velocity-ratio F16D0003320000 by the provision of two intermediate members each having two relatively-perpendicular trunnions or bearings F16D0003330000 with ball or roller bearings F16D0003340000 parts being connected by ridges, pins, balls, or the like guided in grooves or between cogs F16D0003360000 in which each pivot between the coupling parts and the intermediate member comprises a single ball F16D0003380000 with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another (F16D0003360000 takes precedence);; F16D0003400000 with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes F16D0003410000 with ball or roller bearings F16D0003420000 with ring-shaped intermediate member provided with bearings or inwardly-directed trunnions F16D0003430000 with ball or roller bearings F16D0003440000 the intermediate member being connected to the coupling parts by ridges, pins, balls, or the like guided in grooves or between cogs F16D0003460000 each coupling part embracing grooves or ridges on the intermediate member F16D0003480000 one coupling part having pins arranged parallel to the axis and entering holes in the other coupling part F16D0003500000 with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members (F16D0003160000 takes precedence);; F16D0003520000 comprising a continuous strip, spring, or the like engaging the coupling parts at a number of places F16D0003540000 Couplings comprising a chain or strip surrounding two wheels arranged side by side and provided with teeth or the equivalent F16D0003560000 comprising elastic metal lamellae, elastic rods, or the like, e.g. arranged radially or parallel to the axis, the members being shear-loaded collectively by the total load F16D0003580000 the intermediate members being made of rubber or like material F16D0003600000 comprising pushing or pulling links attached to both parts (F16D0003640000 takes precedence);; F16D0003620000 the links or their attachments being elastic F16D0003640000 comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts F16D0003660000 the elements being metallic, e.g. in the form of coils F16D0003680000 the elements being made of rubber or similar material F16D0003700000 comprising elastic elements arranged in holes in one coupling part and surrounding pins on the other coupling part F16D0003720000 with axially-spaced attachments to the coupling parts (F16D0003560000 takes precedence);; F16D0003740000 the intermediate member or members being made of rubber or other flexible material F16D0003760000 shaped as an elastic ring centered on the axis, surrounding a portion of one coupling part and surrounded by a sleeve of the other coupling part F16D0003770000 the ring being metallic F16D0003780000 shaped as an elastic disc or flat ring, arranged perpendicular to the axis of the coupling parts, different sets of spots of the disc or ring being attached to each coupling part, e.g. Hardy couplings F16D0003790000 the disc or ring being metallic F16D0003800000 in which a fluid is used (fluid couplings allowing continuous slip F16D0031000000-F16D0035000000); F16D0003820000 with a coupling element in the form of a pneumatic tube (similar clutches F16D0025040000);; F16D0003840000 Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor F16D0005000000 Impulse couplings, i.e. couplings that alternately accelerate and decelerate the driven member F16D0007000000 Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock (combined with yielding shaft couplings F16D0003140000;fluid slip couplings F16D0031000000-F16D0035000000) F16D0007020000 of the friction type (couplings in which overload initiates a decrease of coupling pressure or a disconnection, see the relevant groups for clutches);; F16D0007040000 of the ratchet type (similar gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of inertia-energy F16H0033080000);; F16D0007060000 with intermediate balls or rollers F16D0009000000 Couplings with safety member for disconnecting, e.g. breaking or melting member F16D0011000000 Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts (arrangements for synchronisation F16D0023020000);; F16D0011020000 disengaged by a contact of a part mounted on the clutch with a stationarily-mounted member F16D0011040000 with clutching members movable only axially F16D0011060000 with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially, e.g. rotatable keys F16D0011080000 actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially (actuating-mechanisms in the relevant groups) F16D0011100000 with clutching members movable only axially F16D0011120000 with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially F16D0013000000 Friction clutches (arrangements for synchronisation F16D0023020000);; F16D0013020000 disengaged by the contact of a part mounted on the clutch with a stationarily-mounted member F16D0013040000 with means for actuating or keeping engaged by a force derived at least partially from one of the shafts to be connected (automatic clutches F16D0043000000);; F16D0013060000 with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially (F16D0013080000, F16D0013120000 take precedence);; F16D0013080000 with a helical band or equivalent member, which may be built-up from linked parts, with more than one turn embracing a drum or the like, with or without an additional clutch actuating the end of the band (F16D0013020000 takes precedence;similar freewheel clutches F16D0041200000; similar brakes F16D0049020000) F16D0013100000 with clutching members co-operating with the periphery of a drum, a wheel-rim, or the like (F16D0013020000-F16D0013080000; take precedence;similar brakes F16D0049000000) F16D0013120000 with an expansible band or coil co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like (F16D0013020000 takes precedence;similar brakes F16D0051020000) F16D0013140000 with outwardly-movable clutching members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like (F16D0013020000, F16D0013060000, F16D0013120000 take precedence;similar brakes F16D0051000000) F16D0013160000 shaped as radially-movable segments F16D0013180000 shaped as linked or separately-pivoted segments F16D0013200000 with clutching members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum or wheel-rim (similar brakes F16D0053000000);; F16D0013220000 with axially-movable clutching members (similar brakes F16D0055000000);; F16D0013240000 with conical friction surfaces F16D0013260000 in which the or each axially-movable member is pressed exclusively against an axially-located member F16D0013280000 with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member F16D0013300000 in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only F16D0013320000 in which two or more axially-movable members are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member F16D0013340000 with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member F16D0013360000 in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only F16D0013380000 with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs F16D0013400000 in which the or each axially-movable member is pressed exclusively against an axially-located member F16D0013420000 with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member F16D0013440000 in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only F16D0013460000 in which two axially-movable members, of which one is attached to the driving side and the other to the driven side, are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member F16D0013480000 with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member F16D0013500000 in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only F16D0013520000 Clutches with multiple lamellae F16D0013540000 with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member F16D0013560000 in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only F16D0013580000 Details F16D0013600000 Clutching elements (friction lining or attachment thereof F16D0069000000);; F16D0013620000 Clutch-bands; Clutch-shoes; Clutch-drums (brake-bands, brake-shoes, brake-drums F16D0065000000);; F16D0013640000 Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae (brake-plates, brake-lamellae F16D0065120000);; F16D0013660000 of conical shape F16D0013680000 Attachments of plates or lamellae to their supports F16D0013690000 Arrangements for spreading lamellae in released state F16D0013700000 Pressure members, e.g. pressure plates, for clutch-plates or lamellae; Guiding arrangements for pressure members F16D0013710000 in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only F16D0013720000 Features relating to cooling F16D0013740000 Features relating to lubrication F16D0013750000 Features relating to adjustment, e.g. slack adjusters F16D0013760000 specially adapted to incorporate with other transmission parts, i.e. at least one of the clutch parts also having another function, e.g. being the disc of a pulley F16D0015000000 Clutches with wedging balls or rollers or with other wedgeable separate clutching members (freewheels, freewheel clutches F16D0041000000);; F16D0017000000 Clutches in which the drive is transmitted solely by virtue of the eccentricity of the contacting surfaces of clutch members which fit one around the other F16D0019000000 Clutches with mechanically-actuated clutching members not otherwise provided for F16D0021000000 Systems comprising a plurality of mechanically-actuated clutches (for synchronisation F16D0023040000);; F16D0021020000 for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways (in endless-track vehicles B62D);; F16D0021040000 with a shaft carrying a number of rotatable transmission members, e.g. gears, each of which can be connected to the shaft by a clutching member or members between the shaft and the hub of the transmission member F16D0021060000 at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric F16D0021080000 Serially-arranged clutches interconnecting two shafts only when all the clutches are engaged (F16D0013080000, F16D0013120000 take precedence);; F16D0023000000 Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type F16D0023020000 Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches (shape or mounting of interengaging parts of clutch members to facilitate engagement F16D0011080000);; F16D0023040000 with an additional friction clutch F16D0023060000 and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation F16D0023080000 with a blocking mechanism that only releases the clutching member on synchronisation (in combination with an additional friction clutch F16D0023060000);; F16D0023100000 automatically producing the engagement of the clutch when the clutch members are moving at the same speed; Indicating synchronisation F16D0023120000 Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such (specific for combined clutches F16D0021000000;mechanisms specific for synchronisation F16D0023020000) F16D0023140000 Clutch-actuating sleeves; Actuating members directly connected to clutch-actuating sleeves F16D0025000000 Fluid-actuated clutches F16D0025020000 with means for actuating or keeping engaged by a force derived at least partially from one of the shafts to be connected F16D0025040000 in which the fluid actuates an elastic clutching member, e.g. a diaphragm or a pneumatic tube (F16D0025020000 takes precedence;coupling using a pneumatic tube F16D0003820000) F16D0025060000 in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in the clutch (F16D0025020000 takes precedence);; F16D0025061000 the clutch having interengaging clutch members F16D0025062000 the clutch having friction surfaces F16D0025063000 with clutch members exclusively moving axially F16D0025064000 the friction surface being grooved F16D0025065000 with clutching members having a movement which has at least a radial component F16D0025080000 with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member (F16D0025020000 takes precedence);; F16D0025100000 Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches (arrangements or mounting of clutches in vehicles B60K0017000000);; F16D0025110000 Fluid pressure control F16D0025120000 Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types F16D0025140000 Fluid pressure control F16D0027000000 Magnetically-actuated clutches; Control or circuits therefor (clutches with magnetisable particles F16D0037020000);; F16D0027010000 with permanent magnets F16D0027020000 with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings F16D0027040000 with axially-movable friction surfaces F16D0027060000 with friction surfaces arranged within the flux F16D0027070000 Constructional features of clutch-plates or clutch-lamellae F16D0027080000 with friction surfaces arranged externally to the flux F16D0027090000 and with interengaging jaws or gear-teeth F16D0027100000 with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings F16D0027120000 Clutch systems with a plurality of electromagnetically-actuated clutches F16D0027140000 Details F16D0027160000 Circuits therefor F16D0029000000 Clutches and systems of clutches involving both fluid and magnetic actuation F16D0031000000 Fluid couplings or clutches with pumping sets of the volumetric type, i.e. in the case of liquid passing a predetermined volume per revolution F16D0031020000 using pumps with pistons or plungers working in cylinders F16D0031040000 using gear-pumps F16D0031060000 using pumps of types differing from those before-mentioned F16D0031080000 Control of slip F16D0033000000 Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type F16D0033020000 controlled by changing the flow of the liquid in the working circuit, while maintaining a completely filled working circuit F16D0033040000 by altering the position of blades F16D0033060000 controlled by changing the amount of liquid in the working circuit F16D0033080000 by devices incorporated in the fluid coupling, with or without remote control F16D0033100000 consisting of controllable supply and discharge openings F16D0033120000 controlled automatically by self-actuated valves F16D0033140000 consisting of shiftable or adjustable scoops F16D0033160000 by means arranged externally of the coupling or clutch (mounting of such means in vehicles B60K0023000000, e.g. B60K0023020000);; F16D0033180000 Details (applicable also to fluid gearing F16H0041240000);; F16D0033200000 Shape of wheels, blades, or channels with respect to function F16D0035000000 Fluid clutches in which the clutching is predominantly obtained by fluid adhesion (F16D0037000000 takes precedence);; F16D0037000000 Clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles, e.g. centrifugally speed-responsive F16D0037020000 the particles being magnetisable F16D0039000000 Combinations of couplings according to two or more of the groups ; F16D0031000000-F16D0037000000 F16D0041000000 Freewheels or freewheel clutches F16D0041020000 disengaged by contact of a part of or on the freewheel or freewheel clutch with a stationarily-mounted member F16D0041040000 combined with a clutch for locking the driving and driven members (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);; F16D0041060000 with intermediate wedging coupling members (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);; F16D0041070000 between two cylindrical surfaces F16D0041080000 with provision for altering the freewheeling action F16D0041100000 with self-actuated reversing F16D0041120000 with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);; F16D0041140000 the effective stroke of the pawl being adjustable F16D0041160000 the action being reversible F16D0041180000 with non-hinged detent (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);; F16D0041200000 with expandable or contractable clamping ring or band (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);; F16D0041220000 with clutching ring or disc axially shifted as a result of lost motion between actuating members (F16D0041020000, F16D0041240000 take precedence);; F16D0041240000 specially adapted for cycles F16D0041260000 with provision for altering the action F16D0041280000 with intermediate wedging coupling members F16D0041300000 with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like F16D0041320000 with non-hinged detent F16D0041340000 with expandable or contractable clamping ring or band F16D0041360000 with clutching ring or disc axially shifted as a result of lost motion between actuating members F16D0043000000 Automatic clutches (varying the relationship between two coaxial shafts F16D0003100000;freewheels, freewheel clutches F16D0041000000) F16D0043020000 actuated entirely mechanically F16D0043040000 controlled by angular speed (F16D0043240000 takes precedence;clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles F16D0037000000) F16D0043060000 with centrifugal masses actuating axially a movable pressure ring or the like F16D0043080000 the pressure ring actuating friction plates, cones, or similar axially-movable friction surfaces F16D0043090000 in which the carrier of the centrifugal masses can be stopped F16D0043100000 the centrifugal masses acting directly on the pressure ring, no other actuating mechanism for the pressure ring being provided F16D0043120000 the centrifugal masses acting on, or forming a part of, an actuating mechanism by which the pressure ring can also be actuated independently of the masses F16D0043140000 with centrifugal masses actuating the clutching members directly in a direction which has at least a radial component; with centrifugal masses themselves being the clutching members F16D0043160000 with clutching members having interengaging parts F16D0043180000 with friction clutching members F16D0043200000 controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure (slip couplings of the ratchet type F16D0007040000);; F16D0043210000 with friction members F16D0043220000 controlled by both speed and torque F16D0043240000 controlled by acceleration or deceleration of angular speed F16D0043250000 controlled by thermo-responsive elements F16D0043260000 acting at definite angular position or disengaging after a definite number of rotations (actuating by means of stationary abutment F16D0011020000, F16D0013020000, F16D0015000000;automatically-controlled reversing mechanisms for toothed gearings F16H0005680000) F16D0043280000 actuated by fluid pressure F16D0043284000 controlled by angular speed F16D0043286000 controlled by torque F16D0043300000 Systems of a plurality of automatic clutches F16D0045000000 Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with automatic clutches F16D0047000000 Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the following groups: ; F16D0001000000-F16D0009000000; ; F16D0011000000-F16D0023000000; ; F16D0025000000-F16D0029000000; ; F16D0031000000-F16D0039000000; ; F16D0041000000-F16D0045000000; F16D0047020000 of which at least one is a coupling (elastic attachment of clutch parts, see the groups for the clutches);; F16D0047040000 of which at least one is a freewheel (F16D0047020000, F16D0047060000 take precedence;freewheels combined with a clutch to lock the driving and driven members of the freewheel F16D0041040000, F16D0041260000) F16D0047060000 of which at least one is a clutch with a fluid or a semifluid as power-transmitting means F16D0049000000 Brakes with a braking member co-operating with the periphery of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like (similar clutches F16D0013100000);; F16D0049020000 shaped as a helical band or coil with more than one turn, with or without intensification of the braking force by the tension of the band or contracting member (similar clutches F16D0013080000);; F16D0049040000 mechanically actuated F16D0049060000 fluid actuated F16D0049080000 shaped as an encircling band extending over approximately 360° F16D0049100000 mechanically actuated (self-tightening F16D0049200000);; F16D0049120000 fluid actuated F16D0049140000 shaped as a fluid-filled flexible member actuated by variation of the fluid pressure F16D0049160000 Brakes with two brake-blocks (self-tightening F16D0049200000);; F16D0049180000 Brakes with three or more brake-blocks (self-tightening F16D0049200000);; F16D0049200000 Self-tightening brakes (with helical band or coil with more than one turn F16D0049020000);; F16D0049220000 with an auxiliary friction member initiating or increasing the action of the brake F16D0051000000 Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like (similar clutches F16D0013140000);; F16D0051020000 shaped as one or more circumferential bands (similar clutches F16D0013120000);; F16D0051040000 mechanically actuated F16D0051060000 fluid actuated F16D0051080000 shaped as an expansible fluid-filled flexible member F16D0051100000 shaped as exclusively radially-movable brake-shoes F16D0051120000 mechanically actuated F16D0051140000 fluid actuated F16D0051160000 shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis (self-tightening F16D0051460000);; F16D0051180000 with two brake-shoes F16D0051200000 extending in opposite directions from their pivots F16D0051220000 mechanically actuated F16D0051240000 fluid actuated F16D0051260000 both extending in the same direction from their pivots F16D0051280000 mechanically actuated F16D0051300000 fluid actuated F16D0051320000 with three or more brake-shoes F16D0051340000 extending in opposite directions from their pivots F16D0051360000 mechanically actuated F16D0051380000 fluid actuated F16D0051400000 all extending in the same direction from their pivots F16D0051420000 mechanically actuated F16D0051440000 fluid actuated F16D0051460000 Self-tightening brakes with pivoted brake-shoes F16D0051480000 with two linked or directly-interacting brake-shoes F16D0051500000 mechanically actuated F16D0051520000 fluid actuated F16D0051540000 with three or more brake-shoes, at least two of them being linked or directly interacting F16D0051560000 mechanically actuated F16D0051580000 fluid actuated F16D0051600000 with wedging action of a brake-shoe, e.g. the shoe entering as a wedge between the brake-drum and a stationary part F16D0051620000 mechanically actuated F16D0051640000 fluid actuated F16D0051660000 an actuated brake-shoe being carried along and thereby engaging a member for actuating another brake-shoe F16D0051680000 mechanically actuated F16D0051700000 fluid actuated F16D0053000000 Brakes with braking members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like (similar clutches F16D0013200000);; F16D0055000000 Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes (similar clutches F16D0013380000);; F16D0055020000 with axially-movable discs or shoes pressed against axially-located rotating members F16D0055040000 by moving discs or shoes away from one another against radial walls of drums or cylinders F16D0055060000 without self-tightening action F16D0055080000 Mechanically-actuated brakes F16D0055100000 Brakes actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake F16D0055120000 comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake F16D0055140000 with self-tightening action, e.g. by means of coacting helical surfaces or balls and inclined surfaces F16D0055150000 initiated by means of brake-bands or brake-shoes F16D0055160000 Mechanically-actuated brakes F16D0055180000 Brakes actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake F16D0055200000 comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake F16D0055220000 by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between two movable discs or brake-shoes F16D0055224000 with common actuating member for both sides F16D0055228000 with a separate actuating member for each side F16D0055240000 with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or shoes, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member F16D0055260000 without self-tightening action F16D0055280000 Brakes with only one rotating disc F16D0055300000 mechanically actuated F16D0055310000 by means of an intermediate leverage F16D0055320000 actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake F16D0055330000 by means of an intermediate leverage F16D0055340000 comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake F16D0055360000 Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side F16D0055380000 mechanically actuated F16D0055390000 by means of an intermediate leverage F16D0055400000 actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or on the brake F16D0055410000 by means of an intermediate leverage F16D0055420000 comprising an expansible fluid-filled flexible member coaxial with the brake F16D0055440000 with the rotating part consisting of both central plates and ring-shaped plates arranged concentrically around the central plates F16D0055460000 with self-tightening action F16D0055480000 with discs or shoes having a small free angular travel relative to their support, which produces the self-tightening action F16D0055500000 with auxiliary friction members, which may be of different type, producing the self-tightening action F16D0057000000 Liquid-resistance brakes; Air-resistance brakes F16D0057020000 with blades or like members braked by the fluid F16D0057040000 with blades causing a directed flow, e.g. Föttinger type F16D0057060000 comprising a pump circulating fluid, braking being effected by throttling of the circulation F16D0059000000 Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed F16D0059020000 spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means F16D0061000000 Brakes with means for making the energy absorbed available for use (F16D0057000000 takes precedence);; F16D0063000000 Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining a plurality of the before-mentioned types (brakes with auxiliary members for self-tightening F16D0049220000, F16D0051660000, F16D0055500000);; F16D0065000000 Parts or details (similar members for clutches F16D0013580000);; F16D0065020000 Braking members; Mounting thereof (friction linings or attachment thereof F16D0069000000);; F16D0065040000 Bands or shoes; Pivots or supporting members therefor F16D0065060000 for externally-engaging brakes F16D0065080000 for internally-engaging brakes F16D0065090000 Pivots or supporting members therefor F16D0065100000 Drums for externally- or internally-engaging brakes F16D0065120000 Discs; Drums for disc brakes F16D0065140000 Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position (brake control systems, parts thereof B60T);; F16D0065160000 arranged in or on the brake F16D0065180000 adapted for drawing members together F16D0065200000 comprising a fluid-pressure device F16D0065210000 acting by electric or magnetic means F16D0065220000 adapted for pressing members apart F16D0065240000 comprising a fluid-pressure device F16D0065260000 in the form of a fluid-filled flexible member F16D0065270000 acting by electric or magnetic means F16D0065280000 arranged apart from the brake F16D0065300000 acting mechanically F16D0065320000 acting by fluid means F16D0065340000 acting by electric or magnetic means F16D0065360000 acting by both fluid and electric means F16D0065380000 Slack adjusters F16D0065400000 mechanical F16D0065420000 non-automatic F16D0065440000 by means of direct linear adjustment (F16D0065460000, F16D0065480000 take precedence);; F16D0065460000 with screw-thread and nut F16D0065480000 with eccentric or helical body F16D0065500000 for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control system F16D0065520000 self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play F16D0065540000 by means of direct linear adjustment (F16D0065560000, F16D0065580000 take precedence);; F16D0065560000 with screw-thread and nut F16D0065580000 with eccentric or helical body F16D0065600000 for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control system F16D0065620000 self-acting in both directions for adjusting excessive and insufficient play F16D0065640000 by means of direct linear adjustment (F16D0065660000, F16D0065680000 take precedence);; F16D0065660000 with screw-thread and nut F16D0065680000 with eccentric or helical body F16D0065700000 for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control system F16D0065720000 hydraulic F16D0065740000 self-acting in one direction F16D0065760000 self-acting in both directions F16D0065780000 Features relating to cooling F16D0065800000 for externally-engaging brakes F16D0065807000 with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air F16D0065813000 with closed cooling system F16D0065820000 for internally-engaging brakes F16D0065827000 with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air F16D0065833000 with closed cooling system F16D0065840000 for disc brakes F16D0065847000 with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air F16D0065853000 with closed cooling system F16D0066000000 Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature F16D0066020000 Apparatus for indicating wear F16D0067000000 Combinations of couplings and brakes; Combinations of clutches and brakes (F16D0071000000 takes precedence;combinations of couplings and clutches F16D0047020000; control of those combinations B60K0041000000, e.g. B60K0041240000) F16D0067020000 Clutch-brake combinations F16D0067040000 fluid actuated F16D0067060000 electromagnetically actuated F16D0069000000 Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces (clutching elements F16D0013600000;braking members F16D0065020000) F16D0069020000 Composition of linings (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes);; F16D0069040000 Attachment of linings F16D0071000000 Mechanisms for bringing members to rest in a predetermined position (combined with, or controlling, clutches F16D0043260000;means for initiating operation of brakes at a predetermined position F16D0065140000; means for securing members after operation F16B0001020000) F16D0071020000 comprising auxiliary means for producing the final movement F16D0071040000 providing for selection between a plurality of positions (F16D0071020000 takes precedence);; F16F SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION F16F0001000000 Springs (working with fluid F16F0005000000, F16F0009000000;clockwork springs G04B0001140000, G04B0017040000-G04B0017100000) F16F0001020000 made of steel or other material having low internal friction F16F0001040000 Wound springs F16F0001060000 with turns lying in cylindrical surfaces F16F0001080000 with turns lying in mainly conical surfaces F16F0001100000 Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces F16F0001120000 Attachments or mountings F16F0001140000 Torsion springs consisting of bars or tubes F16F0001160000 Attachments or mountings F16F0001180000 Leaf springs F16F0001200000 with layers, e.g. anti-friction layers, or with rollers between the leaves F16F0001220000 with means for modifying the spring characteristic F16F0001240000 Lubrication; Covers, e.g. for retaining lubricant F16F0001260000 Attachments or mountings F16F0001280000 comprising cylindrical metal pins pivoted in close-fitting sleeves F16F0001300000 comprising intermediate pieces made of rubber or similar elastic material F16F0001320000 Cup springs; Dished disc springs (diaphragms F16J0003000000);; F16F0001340000 Ring springs, i.e. annular bodies deformed radially due to axial load F16F0001360000 made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber, plastic, cork, steel wool, compressed hair F16F0001370000 of foam-like material, e.g. sponge rubber F16F0001380000 with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin F16F0001400000 consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers F16F0001420000 characterised by the mode of stressing F16F0001440000 loaded mainly in compression F16F0001460000 loaded mainly in tension F16F0001480000 loaded mainly in torsion F16F0001500000 loaded mainly in shear F16F0001520000 loaded in combined stresses F16F0001540000 loaded in compression and shear F16F0003000000 Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic (including fluid springs F16F0005000000, F16F0013000000);; F16F0003020000 with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction F16F0003040000 composed only of wound springs F16F0003060000 of which some are placed around others in such a way that they damp each other by mutual friction F16F0003070000 combined with chambers filled with gas or liquid F16F0003080000 with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber F16F0003100000 combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction F16F0005000000 Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs F16F0006000000 Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs F16F0007000000 Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers (using fluid F16F0005000000, F16F0009000000;specific for rotary systems F16F0015100000) F16F0007020000 with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together (if one of the members being a spring F16F0013020000);; F16F0007040000 in the direction of the axis of rotation F16F0007060000 in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the axis of rotation F16F0007080000 with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other F16F0007100000 using inertia effect F16F0007120000 using plastic deformation of members F16F0007140000 of cable-support type, i.e. frictionally-engaged loop-forming cables F16F0009000000 Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium (F16F0005000000 takes precedence;door-operating appliances with fluid braking systems E05F) F16F0009020000 using gas only F16F0009040000 in a chamber with a flexible wall F16F0009060000 using both gas and liquid F16F0009080000 in a chamber with a flexible wall F16F0009100000 using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial F16F0009120000 Devices with one or more rotary vanes turning in the fluid, any throttling effect being immaterial F16F0009140000 Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect F16F0009160000 involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts F16F0009180000 with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein F16F0009190000 with a single cylinder F16F0009200000 with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder F16F0009220000 with one or more cylinders, each having a single working space closed by a piston or plunger F16F0009240000 with a single cylinder and a single piston or plunger F16F0009260000 with two cylinders in line and with the two pistons or plungers connected together F16F0009280000 with two parallel cylinders and with the two pistons or plungers connected together F16F0009300000 with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium F16F0009320000 Details F16F0009340000 Special valve constructions (valves in general F16K);;Shape or construction of throttling passages F16F0009342000 Throttling passages operating with metering pins F16F0009346000 Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls F16F0009348000 Throttling passages in the form of annular discs operating in opposite directions F16F0009360000 Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods (sealing of moving parts in general F16J0015160000-F16J0015560000); F16F0009380000 Covers for protection or appearance F16F0009400000 Arrangements for preventing froth F16F0009420000 Cooling arrangements F16F0009430000 Filling arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas F16F0009440000 Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; Such means combined with temperature correction (temperature correction only F16F0009520000);; F16F0009460000 allowing control from a distance F16F0009480000 Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke F16F0009490000 Stops limiting fluid passage, e.g. hydraulic stops F16F0009500000 Special means providing automatic adjustment F16F0009520000 in case of change of temperature (combined with external adjustment F16F0009440000);; F16F0009540000 Arrangements for attachment F16F0011000000 Vibration-dampers or shock-absorbers working with both friction and a damping fluid F16F0013000000 Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs (F16F0005000000 takes precedence);; F16F0013020000 damping by frictional contact between the spring and braking means (frictionally coacting wound springs F16F0003060000);; F16F0015000000 Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion F16F0015020000 Supression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating, systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating system (layered products B32B;suppression of vibration in ships B63; testing dynamic balance with or without subsequent adjustment G01M) F16F0015030000 using electromagnetic means F16F0015040000 using elastic means (single elements or their attachment F16F0001000000-F16F0013000000); F16F0015060000 with metal springs (with rubber springs also F16F0015080000);; F16F0015080000 with rubber springs F16F0015100000 Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system (by balancing F16F0015220000;with flywheels acting variably or intermittently F16H) F16F0015120000 using elastic members or friction-damping members F16F0015140000 using freely-swinging masses rotating with the system F16F0015160000 using a fluid (devices connecting input and output members F16D);; F16F0015180000 using electric means (dynamo-electric devices H02K);; F16F0015200000 Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by favourable grouping or relative arrangement of the moving members of the system or systems F16F0015220000 Compensation of inertia forces F16F0015240000 of crankshaft systems by particular disposition of cranks, pistons, etc. F16F0015260000 of crankshaft systems using solid masses, other than the ordinary pistons, moving with the system F16F0015280000 Counterweights; Attaching or mounting same F16F0015300000 Flywheels (rotary-body aspects in general F16C0013000000, F16C0015000000);; F16F0015320000 Correcting-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies (balancing-weights for vehicle wheels B60B0013000000;machines for balancing G01M) F16G BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR (endless conveyer belts B65G0015300000;traction chains for conveyers B65G0017380000, B65G0019200000; gearings using flexible members F16H; chains specially adapted for gearings with variable ratio F16H0009240000; preventing or carrying-off electrostatic charges H05F) F16G0001000000 Driving-belts (V-belts F16G0005000000;conveyer belts B65G) F16G0001020000 made of leather (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;making thereof C14B0009000000) F16G0001040000 made of fibrous material, e.g. textiles, whether rubber-covered or not (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;making thereof D03D) F16G0001060000 made of rubber (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;making thereof B29H0007220000) F16G0001080000 with reinforcement bonded by the rubber F16G0001100000 with textile reinforcement F16G0001120000 with metal reinforcement F16G0001140000 made of plastics (F16G0001280000 takes precedence;making thereof B29D0029000000) F16G0001160000 with reinforcement bonded by the plastic material F16G0001180000 made of wire (making thereof B21F0043000000);; F16G0001200000 made of a single metal strip (making thereof B21D0053140000);; F16G0001210000 built-up from superimposed layers, e.g. zig-zag folded F16G0001220000 consisting of several parts F16G0001240000 in the form of links (in the shape of chain links F16G0013080000);; F16G0001260000 in the form of strips or lamellae F16G0001280000 with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed F16G0003000000 Belt fastenings, e.g. for conveyer belts (for V-belts F16G0007000000);; F16G0003020000 with series of eyes or the like, interposed and linked by a pin to form a hinge (F16G0003090000 takes precedence);; F16G0003040000 in which the ends of separate U-shaped or like eyes are attached to the belt by parts penetrating into it F16G0003060000 with outwardly-bent, mutually-connected belt ends F16G0003070000 Friction clamps, e.g. of grommet-thimble type F16G0003080000 consisting of plates and screw-bolts or rivets (F16G0003060000 takes precedence);; F16G0003090000 the plates forming a hinge F16G0003100000 Joining belts by sewing, sticking, vulcanising, or the like; Constructional adaptations of the belt ends for this purpose F16G0003120000 Joining belts by lacing F16G0003140000 with extensible parts; with resilient parts F16G0003160000 Devices or machines for connecting driving-belts or the like F16G0005000000 V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section F16G0005020000 made of leather (F16G0005200000 takes precedence);; F16G0005040000 made of rubber (F16G0005200000 takes precedence);; F16G0005060000 with reinforcement bonded by the rubber F16G0005080000 with textile reinforcement F16G0005100000 with metal reinforcement F16G0005120000 made of plastics (F16G0005200000 takes precedence);; F16G0005140000 with reinforcement bonded by the plastic material F16G0005160000 consisting of several parts F16G0005180000 in the form of links F16G0005200000 with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed F16G0005220000 built-up from superimposed layers F16G0005240000 zig-zag folded F16G0007000000 V-belt fastenings F16G0007020000 locked, e.g. riveted F16G0007040000 quickly detachable F16G0007060000 adjustable, e.g. for tension F16G0009000000 Ropes or cables specially adapted for driving, or for being driven by, pulleys or other gearing elements (ropes or cables in general D07B);; F16G0009020000 made of leather; having enveloping sheathings made of leather F16G0009040000 made of rubber or plastics (F16G0009020000 takes precedence);; F16G0011000000 Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes (attaching ropes or cables to lift cars or cages B66B0007080000, to winch drums or barrels B66D0001340000;ground anchors E02D0005000000; anchoring devices for prestressed members E04C0005000000) F16G0011020000 with parts deformable to grip the cable or cables; Fastening means which engage a sleeve or the like fixed on the cable F16G0011030000 incorporating resiliently-mounted members for attachment of the cable end F16G0011040000 with wedging action, e.g. friction clamps of grommet-thimble type (F16G0011020000 takes precedence);; F16G0011050000 by using conical plugs insertable between the strands F16G0011060000 with laterally-arranged screws (F16G0011020000, F16G0011040000 take precedence);; F16G0011080000 Fastenings for securing ends of driving-cables to one another, the fastenings having approximately the same diameter as the cables F16G0011090000 incorporating hinge joints or pivots for the attachment of the cable ends F16G0011100000 Quick-acting fastenings; Clamps holding in one direction only F16G0011120000 Connections or attachments, e.g. turnbuckles, adapted for straining of cables, ropes, or wire (straining wire in general B21F0009000000);; F16G0011140000 Devices or coupling-pieces designed for easy formation of adjustable loops, e.g. choker hooks; Hooks or eyes with integral parts designed to facilitate quick attachment to cables or ropes at any point, e.g. by forming loops (crane hooks B66C0001340000;hooks or eyes in general F16B0045000000) F16G0013000000 Chains (making thereof B21L);; F16G0013020000 Driving-chains (specially adapted to gearings with variable gear-ratio F16H0009000000);; F16G0013040000 Toothed chains F16G0013060000 with links connected by parallel driving-pins with or without rollers F16G0013070000 the links being of identical shape, e.g. cranked F16G0013080000 with links closely interposed on the joint pins (F16G0013040000 takes precedence);; F16G0013100000 with universal joints F16G0013120000 Hauling- or hoisting-chains F16G0013140000 without separate joint pins; built-up from readily-separable links F16G0013160000 with arrangements for holding electric cables, hoses, or the like F16G0013180000 Chains having special overall characteristics F16G0013200000 stiff; Push-pull chains F16G0013220000 extensible F16G0013240000 resilient F16G0015000000 Chain couplings; Shackles; Chain joints; Chain links; Chain bushes (making chain elements B21L);; F16G0015020000 for fastening more or less permanently F16G0015040000 Quickly-detachable chain couplings; Shackles F16G0015060000 Shackles designed for attachment by joint pins to chain elements, e.g. D-shackles F16G0015080000 Swivels F16G0015100000 Emergency joints or links F16G0015120000 Chain links F16G0015140000 made of sheet metal, e.g. profiled F16G0017000000 Hooks as integral parts of chains (hooks for cranes B66C0001340000;hooks in general F16B0045000000) F16H GEARING F16H0001000000 Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion (specific for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion F16H0003000000);; F16H0001020000 without gears having orbital motion F16H0001040000 involving only two intermeshing members F16H0001060000 with parallel axes F16H0001080000 the members having helical, herring-bone, or like teeth F16H0001100000 one of the members being internally toothed F16H0001120000 with non-parallel axes F16H0001140000 comprising conical gears only F16H0001160000 comprising worm and worm-wheel F16H0001180000 the members having helical, herring-bone, or like teeth (F16H0001140000 takes precedence);; F16H0001200000 involving more than two intermeshing members F16H0001220000 with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts F16H0001240000 involving gears essentially having intermeshing elements other than involute or cycloidal teeth (F16H0001160000 takes precedence);; F16H0001260000 Special means compensating for misalignment of axes F16H0001280000 with gears having orbital motion F16H0001300000 in which an orbital gear has an axis crossing the main axis of the gearing and has helical teeth or is a worm F16H0001320000 in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear F16H0001340000 involving gears essentially having intermeshing elements other than involute or cycloidal teeth (in worm gearing F16H0001300000);; F16H0001360000 with two central gears coupled by intermeshing orbital gears F16H0001380000 Differential gearings F16H0001400000 comprising orbital conical gears F16H0001420000 comprising orbital spur gears F16H0001440000 with locking devices or other provisions for suppressing or influencing the differential action F16H0001445000 the locking devices or other provisions being actuatable externally F16H0001450000 with self-braking gears or with gears acting unequally F16H0001455000 with self-actuated hydraulic braking F16H0001460000 Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains, each with orbital gears F16H0001480000 Special means compensating for misalignment of axes F16H0003000000 Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion (speed-changing or reversing mechanisms F16H0005000000);; F16H0003020000 without gears having orbital motion F16H0003040000 with internally-toothed gears F16H0003060000 with worm and worm-wheel or gears essentially having helical or herring-bone teeth F16H0003080000 exclusively or essentially with continuously-meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts F16H0003100000 with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature F16H0003120000 with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches (synchronised clutches F16D0023020000);; F16H0003140000 Gearings for reversal only F16H0003160000 essentially with both gears that can be put out of gear and continuously-meshing gears that can be disengaged from their shafts F16H0003180000 Gearings for reversal only F16H0003200000 exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear F16H0003220000 with gears shiftable only axially F16H0003240000 with driving and driven shafts coaxial F16H0003260000 and two or more additional shafts F16H0003280000 an additional shaft being coaxial with the main shafts F16H0003300000 with driving and driven shafts not coaxial F16H0003320000 and an additional shaft F16H0003340000 with gears shiftable otherwise than only axially F16H0003360000 with a single gear meshable with any of a set of coaxial gears of different diameters F16H0003380000 with synchro-meshing F16H0003400000 Gearings for reversal only F16H0003420000 with gears having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable F16H0003440000 using gears having orbital motion F16H0003460000 Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears (F16H0003680000-F16H0003780000; take precedence);; F16H0003480000 with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears F16H0003500000 comprising orbital conical gears F16H0003520000 comprising orbital spur gears F16H0003540000 one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed F16H0003560000 both central gears being sun gears F16H0003580000 with sets of orbital gears, each consisting of two or more intermeshing orbital gears F16H0003600000 Gearings for reversal only F16H0003620000 Gearings having three or more central gears (F16H0003680000-F16H0003780000; take precedence);; F16H0003640000 composed of a number of gear trains, the drive always passing through all the trains, each train having not more than one connection for driving another train F16H0003660000 composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another F16H0003680000 in which an orbital gear has an axis crossing the main axis of the gearing and has helical teeth or is a worm F16H0003700000 in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear F16H0003720000 with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously F16H0003740000 Complexes, not using actuatable speed-changing or regulating members, e.g. with gear ratio determined by free play of frictional or other forces F16H0003760000 with an orbital gear having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable F16H0003780000 Special adaptation of synchronisation mechanisms to these gearings F16H0005000000 Speed-changing or reversing mechanisms for toothed gearings conveying rotary motion (mechanisms adapted only for special gearings, see the relevant groups for those gearings;conjoint control of gearing and propulsion units, separate clutch units or brakes B60K0041000000; control devices in general G05) F16H0005020000 for non-automatic operation (mechanisms with preselection F16H0005740000);; F16H0005040000 actuated entirely mechanically F16H0005060000 specific for gearings without orbital gears F16H0005080000 with gears that can be disengaged from their shafts F16H0005100000 specific for gearings with orbital gears F16H0005120000 actuated by fluid pressure F16H0005140000 specific for gearings without orbital gears F16H0005160000 with gears that can be disengaged from their shafts F16H0005180000 specific for gearings with orbital gears F16H0005200000 actuated electrically F16H0005220000 specific for gearings without orbital gears F16H0005240000 with gears that can be disengaged from their shafts F16H0005260000 specific for gearings with orbital gears F16H0005280000 with essential mechanical and fluid-pressure and electrical features, or with essential features of at least two of these kinds F16H0005300000 specific for gearings without orbital gears F16H0005320000 with gears that can be disengaged from their shafts F16H0005340000 specific for gearings with orbital gears F16H0005360000 for additional actuation of an auxiliary gearing F16H0005380000 Means for indicating synchronisation of the gears to be engaged F16H0005400000 automatically controlled by internal or external signals, e.g. by speed, torque, acceleration, temperature, atmospheric pressure (mechanisms with preselection F16H0005740000);; F16H0005420000 by speed F16H0005440000 actuated entirely mechanically F16H0005460000 using centrifugal clutches for speed-changing (clutches F16D0043000000-F16D0043180000); F16H0005480000 actuated by fluid pressure F16H0005500000 actuated electrically F16H0005520000 by torque, e.g. position of throttle valve of engine F16H0005540000 actuated entirely mechanically F16H0005560000 actuated by fluid pressure F16H0005580000 actuated electrically F16H0005600000 by both speed and torque F16H0005620000 actuated entirely mechanically F16H0005640000 actuated by fluid pressure F16H0005660000 actuated electrically F16H0005680000 specific for reversal F16H0005700000 cyclically actuated F16H0005720000 with change of velocity ratio on change in direction of the driving torque F16H0005740000 with preselection, automatic or non-automatic, which mechanisms may be actuated from outside F16H0005760000 acting or actuated entirely mechanically F16H0005780000 acting or actuated by fluid pressure F16H0005800000 acting or actuated electrically F16H0005820000 specific for automatic preselection (not specially adapted for gearings, see G05);; F16H0005840000 with blocking of the engagement as long as the elements that are to be engaged are not running synchronously F16H0007000000 Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members (specific for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion F16H0009000000);; F16H0007020000 with belts; with V-belts F16H0007040000 with ropes F16H0007060000 with chains F16H0007080000 Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains (pulleys of adjustable construction F16H0055520000);; F16H0007100000 by adjusting the axis of a pulley F16H0007120000 of an idle pulley F16H0007140000 of a driving or driven pulley F16H0007160000 without adjusting the driving or driven shaft F16H0007180000 Means for guiding or supporting belts, ropes, or chains (construction of pulleys F16H0055360000);; F16H0007200000 Mountings for rollers or pulleys F16H0007220000 Belt, rope, or chain shifters F16H0007240000 Equipment for mounting belts, ropes, or chains F16H0009000000 Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members (speed-changing or reversing mechanisms F16H0011000000);; F16H0009020000 without members having orbital motion F16H0009040000 using belts, V-belts, or ropes (with toothed belts F16H0009240000;pulleys of adjustable construction F16H0055520000) F16H0009060000 engaging a stepped pulley F16H0009080000 engaging a conical drum (F16H0009120000 takes precedence);; F16H0009100000 engaging a pulley provided with radially-actuatable elements carrying the belt F16H0009120000 engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members F16H0009140000 using only one pulley built-up out of adjustable conical parts F16H0009160000 using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts F16H0009180000 only one flange of each pulley being adjustable F16H0009200000 both flanges of the pulleys being adjustable F16H0009220000 specially adapted for ropes F16H0009240000 using chains or toothed belts; Chains specially adapted to such gearing F16H0009260000 with members having orbital motion F16H0011000000 Speed-changing or reversing mechanisms for gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members F16H0011020000 for infinitely-variable types F16H0011040000 non-automatic F16H0011060000 automatic F16H0011080000 for types with stepped variation of speed F16H0013000000 Gearings for conveying rotary motion by friction between rotary members (specific for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion F16H0015000000);; F16H0013020000 without members having orbital motion F16H0013040000 with balls or with rollers acting in a similar manner F16H0013060000 with members having orbital motion F16H0013080000 with balls or with rollers acting in a similar manner F16H0013100000 Means for influencing the pressure between the members F16H0013120000 by magnetic forces F16H0013140000 for automatically varying the pressure mechanically F16H0015000000 Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members (speed-changing or reversing mechanisms F16H0017000000);; F16H0015010000 characterised by the use of a magnetisable powder or liquid as friction medium between the rotary members F16H0015020000 without members having orbital motion F16H0015040000 Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios F16H0015060000 in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B F16H0015080000 in which the member B is a disc with a flat or approximately-flat friction surface F16H0015100000 in which the axes of the two members cross or intersect F16H0015120000 in which one or each member is duplicated, e.g. for obtaining better transmission, for lessening the reaction forces on the bearings F16H0015140000 in which the axes of the members are parallel or approximately parallel F16H0015160000 in which the member B has a conical friction surface F16H0015180000 externally F16H0015200000 co-operating with the outer rim of the member A, which is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the friction surface of the member B F16H0015220000 the axes of the members being parallel or approximately parallel F16H0015240000 internally F16H0015260000 in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution F16H0015280000 with external friction surface F16H0015300000 with internal friction surface F16H0015320000 in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line F16H0015340000 with convex friction surface F16H0015360000 with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface F16H0015380000 with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces F16H0015400000 in which two members co-operate by means of balls, or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts F16H0015420000 in which two members co-operate by means of rings or by means of parts of endless flexible members pressed between the first-mentioned members F16H0015440000 in which two members of non-uniform effective diameter directly co-operate with one another F16H0015460000 Gearings providing a discontinuous or stepped range of gear ratios F16H0015480000 with members having orbital motion F16H0015500000 Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios F16H0015520000 in which a member of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of another member F16H0015540000 in which two members co-operate by means of rings or by means of parts of endless flexible members pressed between the first-mentioned members F16H0015560000 Gearings providing a discontinuous or stepped range of gear ratios F16H0017000000 Speed-changing or reversing mechanisms for gearings for conveying rotary motion by friction between rotary members F16H0017020000 for infinitely-variable types F16H0017040000 non-automatic F16H0017060000 automatic F16H0017080000 for types with stepped variation of speed F16H0019000000 Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion (with intermittently-driving members F16H0027000000-F16H0031000000; rope or like tackle for lifting or haulage B66D0003000000) F16H0019020000 for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion F16H0019040000 comprising a rack F16H0019060000 comprising an endless flexible member F16H0019080000 for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion F16H0021000000 Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides F16H0021020000 the movements of two or more independently-moving members being combined into a single movement F16H0021040000 Guiding mechanisms, e.g. for straight-line guidance (for drawing-machines B43L);; F16H0021060000 which can be made ineffective when desired F16H0021080000 by pushing a reciprocating rod out of its operative position F16H0021100000 all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane F16H0021120000 for conveying rotary motion F16H0021140000 by means of cranks, eccentrics, or like members fixed to one rotary member and guided along tracks on the other F16H0021160000 for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion F16H0021180000 Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings F16H0021200000 with adjustment of throw (adjustable cranks or eccentrics F16C0003280000;adjustable connecting-rods F16C0007060000) F16H0021220000 with one connecting-rod and one guided slide to each crank or eccentric F16H0021240000 without further links or guides F16H0021260000 with toggle action F16H0021280000 with cams or additional guides F16H0021300000 with members having rolling contact F16H0021320000 with additional members comprising only pivoted links or arms F16H0021340000 with two or more connecting-rods to each crank or eccentric F16H0021360000 without swinging connecting-rod, e.g. with epicyclic parallel motion, slot-and-crank motion F16H0021380000 with means for temporary energy accumulation, e.g. to overcome dead-centre positions F16H0021400000 for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion F16H0021420000 with adjustable throw F16H0021440000 for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions F16H0021460000 with movements in three dimensions F16H0021480000 for conveying rotary motion F16H0021500000 for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion (F16H0023000000 takes precedence);; F16H0021520000 for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion F16H0021540000 for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions F16H0023000000 Wobble-plate gearings; Oblique-crank gearings F16H0023020000 with adjustment of throw by changing the position of the wobble-member (F16H0029040000, F16H0033100000 take precedence);; F16H0023040000 with non-rotary wobble-members F16H0023060000 with sliding members hinged to reciprocating members F16H0023080000 connected to reciprocating members by connecting-rods F16H0023100000 with rotary wobble-plates with plane surfaces F16H0025000000 Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms F16H0025020000 the movements of two or more independently-moving members being combined into a single movement F16H0025040000 for conveying rotary motion F16H0025060000 with intermediate members guided along tracks on both rotary members F16H0025080000 for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion (F16H0023000000 takes precedence);; F16H0025100000 with adjustable throw (adjustable cams F16H0053040000);; F16H0025120000 with reciprocation along the axis of rotation, e.g. gearings with helical grooves and automatic reversal (screw mechanisms without automatic reversal F16H0025200000);; F16H0025140000 with reciprocation perpendicular to the axis of rotation (F16H0021360000 takes precedence);; F16H0025160000 for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion F16H0025180000 for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions F16H0025200000 Screw mechanisms (with automatic reversal F16H0025120000);; F16H0025220000 with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members F16H0025240000 Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts (F16H0025220000 takes precedence);; F16H0027000000 Step-by-step mechanisms without freewheel members, e.g. Geneva drives (rotary gearings with cyclically-varying velocity ratio F16H0035020000;impulse couplings F16D0005000000; clockwork escapements G04B0015000000) F16H0027020000 with at least one reciprocating or oscillating transmission member F16H0027040000 for converting continuous rotation into a step-by-step rotary movement F16H0027060000 Mechanisms with driving pins in driven slots, e.g. Geneva drives F16H0027080000 with driving toothed gears with interrupted toothing F16H0027100000 obtained by means of disengageable transmission members, combined or not combined with mechanisms according to group ; F16H0027060000; or F16H0027080000 F16H0029000000 Gearings for conveying rotary motion with intermittently-driving members, e.g. with freewheel action (freewheels F16D0041000000);; F16H0029020000 between one of the shafts and an oscillating or reciprocating intermediate member, not rotating with either of the shafts (F16H0029200000, F16H0029220000 take precedence);; F16H0029040000 in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of a crank, an eccentric, a wobble-plate, or a cam, on one of the shafts F16H0029060000 with concentric shafts, an annular intermediate member moving around and being supported on an adjustable crank or eccentric F16H0029080000 in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of the path of movement, the location of the pivot, or the effective length, of an oscillating connecting member F16H0029100000 in which the transmission ratio is changed by directly operating on the intermittently driving members F16H0029120000 between rotary driving and driven members (F16H0029200000, F16H0029220000 take precedence);; F16H0029140000 in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of an otherwise stationary guide member for the intermittently-driving members F16H0029160000 in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of the distance between the axes of the rotary members F16H0029180000 in which the intermittently-driving members slide along approximately radial guides while rotating with one of the rotary members F16H0029200000 the intermittently-acting members being shaped as worms, screws, or racks F16H0029220000 with automatic speed change F16H0031000000 Other gearings with freewheeling members or other intermittently-driving members (F16H0021000000, F16H0023000000, F16H0025000000 take precedence;gearings involving the use of automatic changing-mechanisms, e.g. cyclically-actuated reversal gearings, see the appropriate groups); F16H0033000000 Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy F16H0033020000 Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels F16H0033040000 Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought F16H0033060000 based essentially on spring action (ratchet slip couplings F16D0007040000);; F16H0033080000 based essentially on inertia F16H0033100000 with gyroscopic action, e.g. comprising wobble-plates, oblique cranks F16H0033120000 with a driving member connected differentially with both a driven member and an oscillatory member with large resistance to movement, e.g. Constantinesco gearing F16H0033140000 having orbital members influenced by regulating masses F16H0033160000 which have their own free motion, or consist of fluid F16H0033180000 of which the motion is constrained F16H0033200000 for interconversion, based essentially on inertia, of rotary motion and reciprocating or oscillating motion (shaking, jolting, or vibratory apparatus B06B);; F16H0035000000 Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features F16H0035020000 for conveying rotary motion with cyclically-varying velocity ratio (speed-changing mechanisms operating cyclically, see the appropriate groups);; F16H0035040000 Mechanical differential gearings without members having orbital motion (comprising freewheels only F16D0041000000);; F16H0035060000 Gearings designed to allow relative movement between supports thereof without ill effects (F16H0001260000, F16H0001480000 take precedence);; F16H0035080000 for adjustment of members on moving parts from a stationary place F16H0035100000 Arrangements or devices for absorbing overload or preventing damage by overload (couplings, clutches F16D);; F16H0035120000 Transmitting mechanisms with delayed effect (vibration- or shock-dampers in general F16F);; F16H0035140000 Mechanisms with only two stable positions F16H0035160000 Mechanisms for movements or movement relations conforming to mathematical formulae (devices in which computing operations are performed mechanically G06G0003000000);; F16H0035180000 Turning devices for rotatable members, e.g. shafts (starting devices for internal-combustion engines F02N);; F16H0037000000 Combinations of mechanical gearings, not hereinbefore provided for (applications of "underdrives" or "overdrives" in motor vehicles, combinations with differential gearings in motor vehicles B60K);; F16H0037020000 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings F16H0037040000 Combinations of toothed gearings only (F16H0037060000 takes precedence);; F16H0037060000 with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts F16H0037080000 with differential gearing F16H0037100000 at both ends of intermediate shafts F16H0037120000 Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these three types (F16H0021140000, F16H0021280000, F16H0021300000 take precedence;toothed or friction gearing or cam gearing, with only an additional lever or link, see the appropriate group for the main gearing); F16H0037140000 the movements of two or more independently-moving members being combined into a single movement F16H0037160000 with a driving or driven member which both rotates or oscillates on its axis and reciprocates F16H0039000000 Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution (application to lifting or pushing equipment B66F);; F16H0039010000 Pneumatic gearing; Gearing working with subatmospheric pressure (pneumatic hammers B25D0009000000);; F16H0039020000 with liquid motors at a distance from liquid pumps F16H0039040000 with liquid motor and pump combined in one unit F16H0039060000 pump and motor being of the same type F16H0039080000 each with one main shaft and provided with pistons reciprocating in cylinders F16H0039100000 with cylinders arranged around, and parallel or approximately parallel to, the main axis of the gearing F16H0039120000 with stationary cylinders F16H0039140000 with cylinders carried in rotary cylinder blocks or cylinder-bearing members F16H0039160000 with cylinders arranged perpendicular to the main axis of the gearing F16H0039180000 the connections of the pistons being at the outer ends of the cylinders F16H0039200000 the connections of the pistons being at the inner ends of the cylinders F16H0039220000 with liquid chambers shaped as bodies of revolution concentric with the main axis of the gearing F16H0039240000 with rotary displacement members, e.g. provided with axially or radially movable vanes passing movable sealing members F16H0039260000 with liquid chambers not shaped as bodies of revolution or shaped as bodies of revolution eccentric to the main axis of the gearing F16H0039280000 with liquid chambers formed in rotary members F16H0039300000 with liquid chambers formed in stationary members F16H0039320000 with sliding vanes carried by the rotor F16H0039340000 in which a rotor on one shaft co-operates with a rotor on another shaft F16H0039360000 Toothed-gear type F16H0039380000 Displacement screw-pump type F16H0039400000 Hydraulic differential gearings, e.g. having a rotary input housing with interconnected liquid chambers for both outputs F16H0039420000 pump and motor being of different types F16H0039440000 Control (involving modification of the gearing F16H0039020000-F16H0039420000); F16H0039460000 involving adjustment of a pump or motor with adjustable output or capacity F16H0039480000 by varying the number of pump or motor units in operation F16H0039500000 Automatic regulation in accordance with output requirements (servomotors G05B);; F16H0039520000 for use in drives for winding or unwinding mechanisms for tapes, threads, or wire F16H0041000000 Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type F16H0041020000 with pump and turbine connected by conduits or ducts F16H0041040000 Combined pump-turbine units F16H0041060000 controlled by changing the flow, force, or reaction of the liquid in the working circuit, while maintaining a completely filled working circuit F16H0041080000 by altering the position of blades F16H0041100000 by means of axially-shiftable blade runners F16H0041120000 to change the blade angle F16H0041140000 by change of the mechanical connection of or between the runners F16H0041160000 exclusively by the use of freewheel clutches F16H0041180000 involving use of a speed-changing gearing or of a clutch in the connection between runners (F16H0041160000, F16H0045020000 take precedence);; F16H0041200000 controlled by changing the amount of liquid in the working circuit F16H0041220000 Gearing systems consisting of a plurality of hydrokinetic units operating alternatively, e.g. made effective or ineffective by filling or emptying or by mechanical clutches F16H0041240000 Details F16H0041260000 Shape of runner blades or channels with respect to function F16H0041280000 with respect to manufacture, e.g. blade attachment F16H0041300000 relating to venting, lubrication, cooling, circulation of the cooling medium F16H0041320000 Selection of working fluids (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes);; F16H0043000000 Other fluid gearing, e.g. with oscillating input or output F16H0043020000 Fluid gearing actuated by pressure waves F16H0045000000 Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches (F16H0041220000 takes precedence;conjoint control of clutch and gearing B60K0041220000) F16H0045020000 with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type F16H0047000000 Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing (conjoint control of clutch and gearing B60K0041220000);; F16H0047020000 the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type F16H0047040000 the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion F16H0047060000 the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type F16H0047070000 using two or more power-transmitting fluid circuits (F16H0047100000 takes precedence);; F16H0047080000 the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion F16H0047100000 using two or more power-transmitting fluid circuits F16H0047120000 the members with orbital motion having vanes interacting with the fluid F16H0049000000 Other gearing F16H0051000000 Levers (manipulating levers G05G);; F16H0051020000 adjustable F16H0053000000 Cams; Non-rotary cams; Cam-followers, e.g. rollers F16H0053020000 Single-track cams for single-revolution cycles; Camshafts with such cams F16H0053040000 Adjustable cams F16H0053060000 Cam-followers (F16H0053080000 takes precedence);; F16H0053080000 Multi-track cams, e.g. for cycles consisting of several revolutions; Cam-followers specially adapted for such cams F16H0055000000 Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms; Pulleys; Sheaves (pulley-blocks B66D0003040000);; F16H0055020000 Toothed members; Worms F16H0055040000 Toothed wheels (worm wheels F16H0055220000;chain wheels F16H0055300000) F16H0055060000 Uses of materials or of treatments of material F16H0055080000 Profiling F16H0055100000 Constructively simple tooth shapes, e.g. shaped as pins, as balls F16H0055120000 with body or rim assembled out of detachable parts F16H0055140000 Construction providing resilience or vibration-damping (F16H0055060000 takes precedence;resilient coupling of wheel or wheel-rim with shaft F16D0003500000, F16D0003800000) F16H0055160000 relating to teeth only F16H0055180000 Special devices for taking-up backlash F16H0055200000 for bevel gears F16H0055220000 for transmissions with crossing shafts, especially worms, worm-gears (bevel gears, crown wheels, helical gears F16H0055040000);; F16H0055240000 Special devices for taking up backlash F16H0055260000 Racks F16H0055280000 Special devices for taking up backlash F16H0055300000 Chain wheels (specially adapted for cycles B62M);; F16H0055320000 Friction members (friction surfaces F16D0069000000);; F16H0055340000 Non-adjustable friction discs F16H0055360000 Pulleys (with features essential for adjustment F16H0055520000);; F16H0055380000 Means or measures for increasing adhesion (in general F16D0069000000);; F16H0055400000 with spokes (F16H0055480000 takes precedence);; F16H0055420000 Laminated pulleys F16H0055440000 Sheet-metal pulleys F16H0055460000 Split pulleys F16H0055480000 manufactured exclusively or in part of wood or other non-metallic material (F16H0055380000, F16H0055420000, F16H0055460000 take precedence);; F16H0055490000 Features essential to V-belt pulleys F16H0055500000 Features essential to rope pulleys F16H0055520000 Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction F16H0055540000 of which the bearing parts are radially adjustable F16H0055560000 of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable F16H0057000000 General details of gearing F16H0057020000 Gear-boxes; Mounting gearing therein F16H0057040000 Features relating to lubrication or cooling F16H0057050000 of chains (for conveyers B65G0045020000);; F16H0057060000 Means for preventing the actuation of speed-changing or reversing mechanism in unfavourable conditions F16H0057080000 of gearings with members having orbital motion F16H0057100000 Braking arrangements F16H0057120000 Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere F16J PISTONS; CYLINDERS; PACKING F16J0001000000 Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers (bellows pistons F16J0003060000;piston-rings or seatings therefor F16J0009000000; rotary pistons, e.g. for "Wankel" type engines, F01C; specific for combustion engines, i.e. constructed to withstand high temperature or modified for guiding, igniting, vaporising, or otherwise treating the charge, F02F; for pumps F04B; floats F16K0033000000) F16J0001020000 Bearing surfaces F16J0001040000 Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons F16J0001060000 with separate expansion members; Espansion members F16J0001080000 Constructional features providing for lubrication F16J0001100000 Connection to driving members F16J0001120000 with piston-rods, e.g. rigid connections F16J0001140000 with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections F16J0001160000 with gudgeon-pin; Gudgeon-pins F16J0001180000 Securing of gudgeon-pins F16J0001200000 with rolling contact, other than in ball or roller bearings F16J0001220000 with universal joint, e.g. ball-joint F16J0001240000 designed to give the piston some rotary movement about its axis F16J0003000000 Diaphragms; Bellows; Bellows pistons F16J0003020000 Diaphragms F16J0003040000 Bellows F16J0003060000 Bellows pistons F16J0007000000 Piston-rods F16J0009000000 Piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction in general (other sealings between pistons and cylinders F16J0003060000, F16J0015160000;tools for mounting or removing piston-rings or the like B25B) F16J0009020000 L-section rings F16J0009040000 Helical rings F16J0009060000 using separate springs expanding the rings; Springs therefor F16J0009080000 with expansion obtained by pressure of the medium F16J0009100000 Special members for adjusting the rings F16J0009120000 Details F16J0009140000 Joint-closures F16J0009160000 obtained by stacking of rings F16J0009180000 with separate bridge-elements F16J0009200000 Rings with special cross-section (L-section rings F16J0009020000);;Oil-scraping rings F16J0009220000 Rings for preventing wear of grooves or like seatings F16J0009240000 Members preventing rotation of rings in grooves F16J0011000000 Engine of like cylinders (specific for combustion engines, e.g. constructed to withstand high temperature, F02F);;Pressure vessels in general (covers therefor F16J0013000000);;Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general F16J0011020000 Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers (cylinders for engines or other apparatus of particular kinds, see the appropriate sub-classes);; F16J0011040000 Running faces; Liners F16J0011060000 Pressure vessels (for steam boilers F22B);; F16J0013000000 Covers or similar closure members (for engine or like cylinders F16J0011000000;sealings F16J0015020000) F16J0013020000 Detachable closure members; Means for tightening closures (specially for pivoted closures F16J0013160000);; F16J0013040000 attached with a bridge member F16J0013060000 attached only by clamps along the circumference F16J0013080000 attached by one or more members actuated to project behind a part or parts of the frame (similar constructions for doors or windows E05C0009000000);; F16J0013100000 attached by means of a divided ring F16J0013120000 attached by wedging action by means of screw-thread, interrupted screw-thread, bayonet closure, or the like F16J0013140000 attached exclusively by spring action or elastic action F16J0013160000 Pivoted closures F16J0013180000 pivoted directly on the frame F16J0013200000 mounted by mobile fastening on swinging arms F16J0015000000 Sealings F16J0015020000 between relatively-stationary surfaces (F16J0015460000, F16J0015480000 take precedence);; F16J0015040000 without packing between the surfaces, e.g. with ground surfaces, with cutting edge F16J0015060000 with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces F16J0015080000 with exclusively metal packing F16J0015100000 with non-metallic packing F16J0015120000 with metal reinforcement or covering F16J0015140000 by means of granular or plastic material, or fluid F16J0015160000 between relatively-moving surfaces (F16J0015500000, F16J0015520000 take precedence;bellows pistons F16J0003060000; piston-rings or ring sealings of similar construction in general F16J0009000000; spindle sealings for valves F16K0041000000) F16J0015180000 with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings F16J0015200000 Packing materials therefor F16J0015220000 shaped as strands, ropes, threads, ribbons, or the like F16J0015240000 with radially or tangentially compressed packing F16J0015260000 with stuffing-boxes for rigid sealing rings F16J0015280000 with sealing rings made of metal F16J0015300000 with sealing rings made of carbon F16J0015320000 with elastic sealing lip F16J0015340000 with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member F16J0015360000 connected by a diaphragm to the other member F16J0015380000 sealed by a packing F16J0015400000 by means of fluid F16J0015420000 kept in sealing position by centrifugal force F16J0015440000 Free-space packings, e.g. labyrinth packings F16J0015460000 with packing ring expanded or pressed into place by fluid pressure, e.g. inflatable packings (for tube connections F16L);; F16J0015480000 influenced by the pressure within the member to be sealed F16J0015500000 between relatively-movable members, by means of a sealing without relatively-moving surfaces, e.g. fluid-tight sealings for transmitting motion through a wall F16J0015520000 by means of sealing bellows or diaphragms F16J0015540000 Other sealings for rotating shafts F16J0015560000 Other sealings for reciprocating rods F16K VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING F16K0001000000 Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces (diaphragm valves F16K0007000000);; F16K0001020000 with screw-spindle (F16K0001120000-F16K0001280000; take precedence;actuating mechanisms with screw-spindles F16K0031500000) F16K0001040000 with a cut-off member rigid with the spindle, e.g. main valves F16K0001060000 Special arrangements for improving the flow, e.g. special shape of passages or casings F16K0001080000 in which the spindle is perpendicular to the general direction of flow F16K0001100000 in which the spindle is inclined to the general direction of flow F16K0001120000 with streamlined valve member around which the fluid flows when the valve is opened F16K0001140000 with ball-shaped valve members (check valves F16K0015040000);; F16K0001160000 with pivoted closure members F16K0001180000 with pivoted discs or flaps F16K0001200000 with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member F16K0001220000 with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves F16K0001226000 Shaping or arrangement of the sealing F16K0001228000 Movable sealing bodies F16K0001240000 with valve members that, on opening of the valve, are initially lifted from the seat and next are turned around an axis parallel to the seat F16K0001260000 Shape or arrangement of the sealing F16K0001280000 Movable sealing bodies F16K0001300000 specially adapted for pressure containers F16K0001320000 Details (details of more general applicability F16K0025000000-F16K0051000000); F16K0001340000 Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats (F16K0001060000, F16K0001120000, F16K0001140000, F16K0001260000 take precedence);; F16K0001360000 Valve members (for double-seat valves F16K0001440000);; F16K0001380000 of conical shape F16K0001400000 of helical shape F16K0001420000 Valve seats (for double-seat valves F16K0001440000);; F16K0001440000 Details of seats or valve members of double-seat valves F16K0001460000 Attachment of sealing rings F16K0001480000 Attaching valve members to screw-spindles F16K0001500000 Preventing rotation of valve members F16K0001520000 Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow F16K0001540000 Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve F16K0003000000 Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cutt-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing (F16K0005000000 takes precedence;in barrages or weirs E02B0008040000) F16K0003020000 with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor F16K0003030000 with a closure member in the form of an iris-diaphragm F16K0003040000 with pivoted closure members F16K0003060000 in the form of closure plates arranged between supply and discharge passages (F16K0003100000 takes precedence);; F16K0003080000 with circular closure plates rotatable around their centres F16K0003100000 with special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together F16K0003120000 with wedge-shaped arrangements of sealing faces F16K0003140000 with special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together F16K0003160000 with special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together (F16K0003100000, F16K0003140000 take precedence);; F16K0003180000 by movement of the closure members F16K0003200000 by movement of the seats F16K0003220000 with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution (F16K0013020000 takes precedence;with resilient valve members F16K0003280000) F16K0003240000 with cylindrical valve members F16K0003260000 with fluid passages in the valve member F16K0003280000 with resilient valve members F16K0003300000 Details F16K0003312000 Line blinds F16K0003314000 Forms or constructions of slides; Attachment of the slide to the spindle F16K0003316000 Guiding of the slide F16K0003320000 Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow F16K0003340000 Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve F16K0003360000 Features relating to lubrication F16K0005000000 Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary (taps of the lift-valve type F16K0001000000);; F16K0005020000 with plugs having conical surfaces; Packings therefor F16K0005040000 with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor F16K0005060000 with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor F16K0005080000 Details F16K0005100000 Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow F16K0005120000 Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve F16K0005140000 Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together F16K0005160000 for plugs with conical surfaces F16K0005180000 for plugs with cylindrical surfaces F16K0005200000 for plugs with spherical surfaces F16K0005220000 Features relating to lubrication F16K0007000000 Diaphragm cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage (means for plugging pipes or hoses F16L0055100000);; F16K0007020000 with tubular diaphragm F16K0007040000 constrictable by external radial force F16K0007060000 by means of a screw-spindle, cam, or other mechanical means F16K0007070000 by means of fluid pressure F16K0007080000 constrictable by twisting F16K0007100000 with inflatable member F16K0007120000 with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm F16K0007140000 arranged to be deformed against a flat seat F16K0007160000 the diaphragm being mechanically actuated, e.g. by screw-spindle or cam F16K0007170000 the diaphragm being actuated by fluid pressure F16K0007180000 with diaphragm secured at one side only, e.g. to be laid on the seat by rolling action F16K0007200000 with a compressible solid closure member F16K0009000000 Arrangements for cutting-off by means of liquid or granular medium F16K0011000000 Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves F16K0011020000 with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit F16K0011040000 comprising only lift valves F16K0011060000 comprising only sliding valves F16K0011070000 with cylindrical slides F16K0011080000 comprising only taps or cocks F16K0011083000 with tapered plug F16K0011085000 with cylindrical plug F16K0011087000 with spherical plug F16K0011100000 with two or more closure members not moving as a unit F16K0011120000 with one plug turning in another F16K0011140000 operated by one actuating member, e.g. a handle (with one plug turning in another F16K0011120000);; F16K0011160000 which only slides, or only turns, or only swings in one plane F16K0011180000 with separate operating movements for separate closure members F16K0011200000 operated by separate actuating members (with one plug turning in another F16K0011120000);; F16K0011220000 with an actuating member for each valve, e.g. interconnected to form multiple-way valves F16K0011240000 with an electromagnetically-operated valve, e.g. for washing machines F16K0013000000 Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus (means for plugging pipes or hoses F16L0055100000);; F16K0013020000 with both sealing faces shaped as small segments of a cylinder and the moving member pivotally mounted F16K0013040000 with a breakable closure member F16K0013060000 constructed to be ruptured by an explosion F16K0015000000 Check valves (valves specially adapted for inflatable balls A63B0041000000);; F16K0015020000 with guided rigid valve members F16K0015030000 with a hinged closure member F16K0015040000 shaped as balls F16K0015060000 with guided stems F16K0015080000 shaped as rings F16K0015100000 integral with, or rigidly fixed to, a common valve plate F16K0015120000 Springs for ring valves F16K0015140000 with flexible valve members F16K0015160000 with tongue-shaped laminae F16K0015180000 with actuating mechanism; Combined check valves and actuated valves F16K0015200000 Specially designed for inflatable bodies, e.g. tyres (combinations of valves with inflatable bodies B60C);; F16K0017000000 Safety valves; Equalising valves F16K0017020000 opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side (check valves F16K0015000000);; F16K0017040000 spring-loaded F16K0017060000 with special arrangements for adjusting the opening pressure F16K0017080000 with special arrangements for providing a large discharge passage F16K0017100000 with auxiliary valve for fluid operation of the main valve F16K0017120000 weight-loaded F16K0017140000 with fracturing member F16K0017160000 with fracturing diaphragm F16K0017164000 and remaining closed after return of the normal pressure F16K0017168000 combined with manually-controlled valves, e.g. a valve combined with a safety valve F16K0017180000 opening on surplus pressure on either side F16K0017190000 Equalising valves predominantly for tanks F16K0017192000 with closure member in the form of a movable liquid column F16K0017194000 weight-loaded F16K0017196000 spring-loaded F16K0017200000 Excess-flow valves (actuated in consequence of shock or similar extraneous influence F16K0017360000);; F16K0017220000 actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line F16K0017240000 acting directly on the cutting-off member F16K0017260000 operating in either direction F16K0017280000 operating in one direction only F16K0017300000 spring-loaded F16K0017320000 acting on a servo-mechanism or on a catch-releasing mechanism F16K0017340000 in which the flow-energy of the flowing medium actuates the closing mechanism F16K0017360000 actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position F16K0017380000 of excessive temperature F16K0017400000 with a fracturing member, e.g. fracturing diaphragm, glass, fusible joint (valves opening on surplus pressure F16K0017140000);; F16K0017420000 Valves preventing penetration of air in the outlet of containers for liquids F16K0019000000 Arrangements of valves and flow lines specially adapted for mixing fluids (multiple-way valves F16K0011000000);; F16K0021000000 Fluid-delivery valves (for liquid handling B67D;for flushing devices for water-closets or the like E03D) F16K0021020000 providing a continuous small flow F16K0021040000 Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation F16K0021060000 in which the closing movement, either retarded or not, starts immediately after opening F16K0021080000 with ball-shaped closing members F16K0021100000 with hydraulic brake cylinder acting on the closure member F16K0021120000 with hydraulically-operated opening means; with arrangements for pressure relief before opening F16K0021140000 with special means for preventing the self-closing F16K0021160000 closing after a predetermined quantity of fluid has been delivered (F16K0021100000 takes precedence);; F16K0021180000 closed when a rising liquid reaches a predetermined level (float-actuated valves F16K0031180000);; F16K0021200000 by means making use of air-suction through an opening closed by the rising liquid F16K0023000000 Valves for preventing drip from nozzles F16K0024000000 Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures (equalising valves F16K0017000000;arrangement or mounting in pipes or pipe systems F16L0055070000; venting or aerating as an additional function of steam traps or like apparatus F16T; ventilation of rooms, vehicles, see the appropriate sub-class, e.g. F24F) F16K0024020000 the enclosure being itself a valve, tap, or cock F16K0024040000 for venting only (F16K0024020000 takes precedence);; F16K0024060000 for aerating only (F16K0024020000 takes precedence);; F16K0025000000 Details relating to contact between valve members and seats (sealing constructions, see the appropriate groups according to the type of valve;movement of valve members other than for opening and closing F16K0029000000) F16K0025020000 Arrangements using fluid issuing from valve members or seats F16K0025040000 Arrangements for preventing erosion, not otherwise provided for F16K0027000000 Construction of housings (methods for welding housings B23K);;Applications of materials therefor F16K0027020000 of lift valves (for reducing the flow resistance of screw-spindle lift-valves F16K0001060000);; F16K0027030000 specially adapted for tank-cars F16K0027040000 of sliding valves F16K0027060000 of taps or cocks F16K0027080000 Guiding yokes for spindles; Means for closing housings; Dust caps, e.g. for tyre valves F16K0027100000 Welded housings F16K0027120000 Covers for housings F16K0029000000 Arrangements for movement of valve members other than for opening and closing the valve, e.g. for grinding-in, for preventing sticking F16K0029020000 providing for continuous motion F16K0031000000 Operating means; Releasing devices F16K0031020000 electric; magnetic F16K0031040000 using a motor F16K0031050000 specially adapted for operating hand-operated valves or for combined motor and hand operation F16K0031060000 using a magnet F16K0031080000 using a permanent magnet F16K0031100000 with additional mechanism between armature and closure member F16K0031110000 with additional hand operating means F16K0031120000 actuated by fluid (fluid-actuated check valves F16K0015000000;fluid-actuated safety valves F16K0017000000) F16K0031122000 the fluid acting on a piston (F16K0031143000, F16K0031163000, F16K0031363000, F16K0031383000 take precedence);; F16K0031124000 servo actuated F16K0031126000 the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like (F16K0031145000, F16K0031165000, F16K0031365000, F16K0031385000 take precedence);; F16K0031128000 servo actuated F16K0031140000 for mounting on, or in combination with, hand-actuated valves F16K0031143000 the fluid acting on a piston F16K0031145000 the fluid acting on a diaphragm F16K0031160000 with a mechanism, other than pulling- or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member (with float F16K0031180000);; F16K0031163000 the fluid acting on a piston F16K0031165000 the fluid acting on a diaphragm F16K0031180000 actuated by a float (floats F16K0033000000);; F16K0031200000 actuating a lift valve F16K0031220000 with the float rigidly connected to the valve F16K0031240000 with a transmission with parts linked together from a single float to a single valve F16K0031260000 with the valve guided for rectilinear movement and the float attached to a pivoted arm F16K0031280000 with two or more floats actuating one valve F16K0031300000 actuating a gate valve or sliding valve F16K0031320000 actuating a tap or cock F16K0031340000 acting on pilot valve controlling the cut-off apparatus F16K0031360000 in which fluid from the conduit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor F16K0031363000 the fluid acting on a piston (F16K0031380000 takes precedence);; F16K0031365000 the fluid acting on a diaphragm F16K0031380000 in which the fluid works directly on both sides of the fluid motor, one side being connected by means of a restricted passage and the motor being actuated by operating a discharge from that side (F16K0031400000 takes precedence);; F16K0031383000 the fluid acting on a piston F16K0031385000 the fluid acting on a diaphragm F16K0031400000 with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor F16K0031420000 by means of electrically-actuated members in the supply or discharge conduits of the fluid motor (F16K0031400000 takes precedence);; F16K0031440000 Mechanical actuating means F16K0031460000 for remote operation F16K0031480000 actuated by mechanical timing-device, e.g. with dash-pot (self-closing valves F16K0021160000);; F16K0031500000 with screw-spindle F16K0031520000 with crank, eccentric, or cam F16K0031524000 with a cam F16K0031528000 with pin and slot F16K0031530000 with toothed gearing F16K0031540000 with pinion and rack F16K0031560000 without stable intermediate position, e.g. with snap action F16K0031580000 comprising a movable discharge-nozzle F16K0031600000 Handles F16K0031620000 Pedals or like operating members, e.g. actuated by knee or hip F16K0033000000 Floats for actuation of valves or other apparatus F16K0035000000 Means to prevent accidental or unauthorized actuation F16K0035020000 to be locked or disconnected by means of a push or pull F16K0035040000 yieldingly resisting the actuation F16K0035060000 using a removable actuating or locking member, e.g. a key (F16K0035100000, F16K0035120000 take precedence);; F16K0035080000 requiring setting according to a code, e.g. permutation locks F16K0035100000 with locking caps or locking bars F16K0035120000 with sealing wire F16K0035140000 interlocking two or more valves F16K0035160000 with locking member actuated by magnet F16K0037000000 Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given F16K0039000000 Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces F16K0039020000 for lift valves F16K0039040000 for sliding valves F16K0039060000 for taps or cocks F16K0041000000 Spindle sealings F16K0041020000 with stuffing-box F16K0041040000 with at least one ring of rubber or like material between spindle and housing F16K0041060000 with at least one ring attached to both spindle and housing F16K0041080000 with at least one ring provided with axially-protruding peripheral closing-lip F16K0041100000 with diaphragm, e.g. shaped as bellows or tube F16K0041120000 with approximately flat diaphragm F16K0041140000 with conical flange on the spindle which co-operates with a conical surface in the housing F16K0041160000 with a flange on the spindle which rests on a sealing ring F16K0041180000 sealing only when the closure member is in the opened position F16K0043000000 Auxiliary closure means in valves, which in case of repair, e.g. rewashering, of the valve, can take over the function of the normal closure means; Devices for temporary replacement of parts of valves for the same purpose F16K0047000000 Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy (for pipes F16L0055000000);; F16K0047020000 for preventing water-hammer or noise F16K0047040000 for decreasing pressure, the throttle being incorporated in the closure member F16K0047060000 with a throttle in the form of a helical channel F16K0047080000 for decreasing pressure and having a throttling member separate from the closure member F16K0047100000 in which the medium in one direction must flow through the throttling channel, and in the other direction may flow through a much wider channel parallel to the throttling channel F16K0047120000 the throttling channel being of helical form F16K0047140000 the throttling member being a perforated membrane F16K0047160000 the throttling member being a cone F16K0049000000 Means in or on valves for heating or cooling (for pipes F16L0053000000;thermal insulation in connection with pipes or pipe systems F16L0059160000) F16K0051000000 Other details not peculiar to particular types of valves or cut-off apparatus F16K0051020000 specially adapted for high-vacuum installations F16L PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES OR CABLES; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL (pipe systems F17D);; F16L0001000000 Laying or reclaiming pipes (making special pipe joints, see the relevant groups for the joints;soldering or welding B23K; lifting-gear and load-engaging elements B66; hydraulic installations, soil drainage E02B; excavations or underwater constructions E02D; conduits made of concrete in situ E02D0029100000; machines for digging trenches in combination with pipe-assembly E02F; laying sewer pipes E03F0003060000; tunnelling E01G; laying electric cables H02G) F16L0001020000 laying pipes in the ground (F16L0001040000 takes precedence);; F16L0001040000 Laying pipes under water F16L0003000000 Hangers or supports for pipes or cables (bridges for supporting pipe-lines E01D0017000000;pipe or rod clamps for scaffolding E04G0007000000; staples or hooks having a part for entering a wall or other support F16B0015000000, F16B0045000000) F16L0003020000 partly surrounding the pipe F16L0003040000 pressing the pipe against a wall or other support F16L0003060000 with supports for wires F16L0003080000 Brackets substantially surrounding the pipe F16L0003100000 Divided brackets, i.e. with two members engaging the pipe F16L0003120000 comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe F16L0003140000 Hangers in the form of bands or chains F16L0003160000 with special provision allowing movement of the pipe (for pipes supported in outer sleeve F16L0007000000);; F16L0003180000 allowing movement in axial direction F16L0003200000 allowing movement in transverse direction; Spring-systems therefor F16L0003220000 specially adapted to supporting a number of parallel pipes F16L0003240000 with special member for attachment to profiled girders F16L0005000000 Devices for use where pipes pass through walls or partitions F16L0005020000 sealing the pipe in the wall or partition F16L0007000000 Supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves, e.g. for enabling pipes or cables to be inserted or withdrawn from under roads or railways without interruption of traffic F16L0009000000 Rigid pipes F16L0009020000 of metal (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000; take precedence;finned pipes F28F) F16L0009040000 Reinforced pipes F16L0009060000 Corrugated pipes F16L0009080000 of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000; take precedence);; F16L0009100000 of glass or ceramics, e.g. clay, clay tile, porcelain (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000; take precedence);; F16L0009120000 of plastics with or without reinforcement (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000; take precedence);; F16L0009140000 Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups (F16L0009160000-F16L0009220000; take precedence);; F16L0009160000 wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement F16L0009180000 Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies (joints therefor F16L0039000000);; F16L0009200000 Pipe assemblies F16L0009220000 Pipes composed of a plurality of segments F16L0011000000 Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes (suction-cleaner hoses A47L0009240000);; F16L0011020000 made of fibres or threads, e.g. of textile F16L0011040000 made of rubber or flexible plastics F16L0011060000 with homogeneous wall (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);; F16L0011080000 with reinforcements embedded in the wall (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);; F16L0011100000 with reinforcements not embedded in the wall (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);; F16L0011110000 with corrugated wall F16L0011120000 with arrangements for special purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting (F16L0011110000 takes precedence);; F16L0011140000 made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics F16L0011160000 wound from profiled strips or bands F16L0011180000 Articulated hoses, e.g. composed of a series of rings F16L0013000000 Non-disconnectible pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints (joints for rigid pipes of plastics F16L0047000000);; F16L0013020000 Welded joints F16L0013040000 with arrangements preventing overstressing F16L0013060000 with tension-relief of the weld by means of detachable members, e.g. divided tensioning rings, bolts in flanges F16L0013080000 Soldered joints F16L0013100000 Adhesive or cemented joints F16L0013110000 using materials which fill the space between parts of a joint before hardening F16L0013120000 with a seal made of lead, caulked packing, or the like F16L0013140000 made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling F16L0015000000 Screw-threaded joints (joints sealed primarily by means other than engagement of screw-threads, see the relevant groups characterised by the sealing arrangements;casing joints used in deep-drilling E21B0017080000); Forms of screw-threads for such joints F16L0015020000 allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment by the use of a long screw-threaded part F16L0015040000 with additional sealings F16L0017000000 Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure (compensating devices F16L0051000000;sealings tightened by external pressure, inflatable packings F16J0015000000) F16L0017020000 with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket F16L0017030000 having annular axial lips F16L0017040000 with longitudinally split or divided sleeve F16L0017060000 with sealing rings arranged between the end surfaces of the pipes or flanges or arranged in recesses in the pipe ends or flanges F16L0019000000 Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on or into one of the joint parts (F16L0017000000 takes precedence;if using bolts or equivalent connecting means F16L0023000000) F16L0019020000 Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member F16L0019030000 with flexible sealing rings between the sealing surfaces F16L0019040000 using additional rigid rings, sealing directly on at least one pipe end, which is flared either before or during the making of the connection F16L0019060000 in which radial clamping is obtained by wedging action on non-deformed pipe ends F16L0019070000 adapted for use in socket or sleeve connections F16L0019080000 with metal rings which bite into the wall of the pipe F16L0021000000 Joints with sleeve or socket (F16L0013000000, F16L0017000000, F16L0019000000 take precedence);; F16L0021020000 with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings (F16L0021060000, F16L0021080000 take precedence;if adjustability is essential F16L0027000000) F16L0021040000 in which sealing rings are compressed by axially-movable members F16L0021060000 with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe ends (flanged joints F16L0023000000;couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000) F16L0021080000 with additional locking means (F16L0021060000 takes precedence;couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000) F16L0023000000 Flanged joints (F16L0013000000, F16L0017000000, F16L0019000000 take precedence;adjustable joints F16L0027000000; couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000) F16L0023020000 the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially F16L0023040000 the flanges being connected by members tensioned in the radial plane F16L0025000000 Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L0013000000-F16L0023000000; (adjustable joints F16L0027000000;couplings of the quick-acting type F16L0037000000; specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047000000) F16L0025020000 Electrically insulating joints or couplings (F16L0047000000 takes precedence;insulating bodies in general H01B) F16L0027000000 Adjustable joints; Joints allowing movement (for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies F16L0039040000);; F16L0027020000 Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction F16L0027040000 with partly-spherical engaging surfaces F16L0027060000 with special sealing means between the engaging surfaces F16L0027080000 allowing adjustment or movement only about the axis of one pipe F16L0027100000 comprising a flexible connection only F16L0027120000 allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment or movement (by use of screw-thread F16L0015020000);; F16L0029000000 Joints with fluid cut-off means (quick-acting joints with cut-off means F16L0037280000);; F16L0031000000 Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves (F16L0033000000 takes precedence);; F16L0033000000 Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members (hand tools for inserting fittings into hoses B25B0027100000);;Rigid hose-connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses F16L0033010000 adapted for hoses having a multi-layer wall F16L0033020000 Hose-clips F16L0033040000 tightened by tangentially-arranged threaded pin and nut F16L0033060000 in which the threaded pin is rigid with the hose-encircling member F16L0033080000 in which a worm coacts with a part of the hose-encircling member that is toothed like a worm-wheel F16L0033100000 with a substantially-radial tightening member F16L0033120000 with a pivoted or swinging tightening or securing member, e.g. toggle lever F16L0033140000 with a taping-bolt, i.e. winding up the end of the hose-encircling member F16L0033160000 with sealing or securing means using fluid pressure F16L0033180000 characterised by the use of additional sealing means F16L0033200000 Undivided rings, sleeves, or like members contracted on the hose or expanded inside the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members F16L0033220000 with means not mentioned in the preceding groups for gripping the hose between inner and outer parts F16L0033230000 the outer parts being segmented, the segments being pressed against the hose by wedging action F16L0033240000 with parts screwed directly on or into the hose (F16L0033220000 takes precedence);; F16L0033260000 specially adapted for hoses made of metal F16L0035000000 Special arrangements used in connection with end fittings of hoses, e.g. safety or protecting devices F16L0037000000 Couplings of the quick-acting type (radially-binding sleeves F16L0017040000, F16L0021060000;connecting hoses to rigid members F16L0033000000; connections made automatically when vehicles are brought together B60D, B61G; specially adapted for lubricating devices F16N0021000000) F16L0037020000 in which the connection is maintained only by friction of the parts being joined (F16L0037220000 takes precedence);; F16L0037040000 with an elastic outer part pressing against an inner part by reason of its elasticity (with locking members F16L0037080000);; F16L0037060000 tightened by fluid pressure F16L0037080000 in which the connection between abutting or axially-overlapping ends is maintained by locking members (F16L0037220000-F16L0037260000; take precedence);; F16L0037100000 using a rotary external sleeve or ring on one part F16L0037120000 using hooks, pawls, or other movable or insertable locking members F16L0037140000 Joints secured by inserting between mating surfaces an element, e.g. a piece of wire, a pin, a chain F16L0037160000 Joints tightened by the action of wedge-shaped hinged hooks F16L0037180000 Joints tightened by eccentrics or rotatable cams F16L0037200000 Joints tightened by toggle-action levers F16L0037220000 in which the connection is maintained by means of balls, rollers, or helical springs under radial pressure between the parts F16L0037240000 in which the connection is made by inserting one member axially into the other and rotating it to a limited extent, e.g. with bayonet-action F16L0037260000 in which the connection is made by transversely moving the parts together, with or without their subsequent rotation F16L0037280000 with fluid cut-off means F16L0039000000 Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies F16L0039020000 for hoses F16L0039040000 allowing adjustment or movement F16L0041000000 Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls (F16L0039000000 takes precedence;joints suitable for connecting together pipe ends, see the relevant groupsconnections not designed for conveying fluid F16B0009000000) F16L0041020000 Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted F16L0041040000 Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor (apparatus or operations relating to metal-working steps, see the relevant classes for metal-working); F16L0041060000 making use of attaching means embracing the pipe F16L0041080000 Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of a wall or to the axis of another pipe (F16L0041020000 takes precedence);; F16L0043000000 Bends; Siphons (with cleaning apertures F16L0045000000;siphons in general F04F0010000000) F16L0043020000 adapted to make use of special securing means F16L0045000000 Pipe units with cleaning aperture and closure therefor F16L0047000000 Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L0047020000 Welded joints; Adhesive joints F16L0047040000 with a swivel nut or collar engaging the pipe F16L0047060000 with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end F16L0049000000 Connecting arrangements specially adapted for pipes of brittle material, e.g. glass, earthenware F16L0051000000 Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines (telescopic pipes F16L0027120000);; F16L0051020000 making use of a bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube F16L0051040000 making use of bends, e.g. lyre-shaped F16L0053000000 Heating or cooling pipes or pipe systems (preventing freezing of pipes, thawing frozen pipes E03B0007120000, E03B0007140000);; F16L0055000000 Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems (the preceding groups and groups F16L0057000000, F16L0059000000 take precedence;nozzles B05B; cleaning of pipes B08B0009020000; devices for preventing bursting of water pipes by freezing E03B0007100000; for domestic plumbing installations E03C0001000000) F16L0055020000 Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers (in valves F16K0047000000);; F16L0055040000 Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids F16L0055070000 Arrangement or mounting of devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating or draining (arrangement of draining devices in water-supply systems E03B0007080000;apparatus for draining F16K, F16T; venting or aerating devices per se F16K0024000000) F16L0055090000 Air-conditioning, e.g. de-watering, in pneumatic systems (in general F24);; F16L0055100000 Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses (F16L0029000000, F16L0037280000 take precedence;valves F16K) F16L0055120000 using a member which is expanded in place F16L0055140000 Means, e.g. clamps, for flattening hoses F16L0055160000 Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders F16L0055180000 Appliances for use in repairing pipes (F16L0055100000 takes precedence);; F16L0055240000 Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers F16L0057000000 Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves F16L0007000000;protection thereof during transport B65D, e.g. B65D0059000000) F16L0058000000 Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves F16L0007000000;cleaning pipes or tubes B08B0009020000; painting, surface treatment B44D; prevention of corrosion or incrustation in general C23F, e.g. cathodic or anodic protection C23F0013000000) F16L0058020000 by means of internal or external coatings (coatings for thermal insulation F16L0059000000;methods or machines for applying coatings, see the relevant classes, e.g. B28B0021000000) F16L0058040000 Coatings characterised by the materials used (F16L0058160000 takes precedence;compositions, see the relevant classes, e.g. C04B) F16L0058060000 by cement, concrete, or the like F16L0058080000 by metal F16L0058100000 by rubber or plastics F16L0058120000 by tar or bitumen F16L0058140000 by ceramic or vitreous materials F16L0058160000 the coating being in the form of a bandage (apparatus for covering cores by winding B65H0081000000);; F16L0058180000 specially adapted for pipe fittings F16L0059000000 Thermal insulation not adapted to particular purposes provided for in other classes (in buildings E04B0001620000);; F16L0059020000 Shape or form of insulating materials (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes); F16L0059040000 Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool F16L0059050000 in prefabricated shells or covers F16L0059060000 Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum F16L0059080000 Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil F16L0059100000 Bandages for insulation F16L0059120000 Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies F16L0059140000 Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems (F16L0059020000-F16L0059120000; take precedence);; F16L0059160000 Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves, or the like F16M FRAMES, CASINGS, OR BEDS OF ENGINES OR OTHER MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO AN ENGINE, MACHINE, OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS OR SUPPORTS F16M0001000000 Frames or casings of engines, machines, or apparatus; Frames serving as machinery beds F16M0001020000 for reciprocating engines or similar machines F16M0001021000 for housing crankshafts F16M0001022000 of tunnel type, i.e. wherein the crankshaft can only be introduced axially (for engines or machines with star-shaped cylinder arrangement F16M0001023000);; F16M0001023000 specially adapted for engines or machines with star-shaped cylinder arrangement F16M0001024000 facilitating assembly of power-transmitting parts of engines or machines, e.g. of connecting-rods F16M0001025000 Assembling bearings in casings, e.g. having anchor bolts F16M0001026000 for housing movable engine or machine parts other than crankshafts, e.g. valve-gear housings F16M0001040000 for rotary engines or similar machines F16M0001080000 characterised by being built-up of sheet material or welded parts F16M0003000000 Portable or wheeled frames or beds, e.g. for emergency power-supply aggregates, compressor sets (construction of vehicles in general B60-B62); F16M0005000000 Engine beds, i.e. means for supporting engines or machines on foundations F16M0007000000 Details of attaching or adjusting engine beds, frames, or supporting-legs on foundation or base; Attaching non-moving engine parts, e.g. cylinder blocks (elastic or equivalent mounting for absorbing vibrations F16F, especially F16F0015040000);; F16M0009000000 Special layout of foundations with respect to machinery to be supported (foundations for machinery E02D0027440000);; F16M0011000000 Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon (without heads F16M0013000000;stands for drawing-boards A47B0027000000; show-stands A47F0007000000; for workmen E04G0001320000; special modifications for particular apparatus or articles, see the appropriate sub-classes); F16M0011020000 Heads F16M0011040000 Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand F16M0011060000 allowing pivoting F16M0011080000 around a vertical axis F16M0011100000 around a horizontal axis F16M0011120000 in more than one direction F16M0011140000 with ball-joint (ball-jointed hinges F16C0011060000);; F16M0011160000 Details concerning attachment of head-supporting legs, with or without actuation of locking members therefor F16M0011180000 with mechanism for moving the apparatus relatively to the stand F16M0011200000 Undercarriages with or without wheels F16M0011220000 with approximately constant height, e.g. with constant length of column or of legs (F16M0011420000 takes precedence);; F16M0011240000 changeable in height or length of legs, also for transport only (F16M0011420000 takes precedence);; F16M0011260000 by telescoping, with or without folding (details concerning the constructional features of telescoping parts only F16B0007100000);; F16M0011280000 Undercarriages for supports with one single telescoping pillar F16M0011300000 with co-moving side-struts F16M0011320000 Undercarriages for supports with three or more telescoping legs F16M0011340000 Members limiting spreading of legs F16M0011360000 Members preventing slipping of the feet F16M0011380000 by folding F16M0011400000 by means of coilable or bendable legs F16M0011420000 with arrangement for propelling the support F16M0013000000 Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles (heads thereof F16M0011020000;adapted to be stuck in the ground A45F0003440000); Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles F16M0013020000 for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle F16M0013040000 for supporting on, or holding steady relative to, a person, e.g. by chains F16M0013060000 also serviceable for other purposes, e.g. to be used as spade, chair, ski-stick F16M0013080000 for use as a walking-cane F16N LUBRICATING (special modifications of devices or systems for use in particular machines or apparatus, see the relevant classes for the machines or apparatus);; F16N0001000000 Constructional modifications of parts of machines or apparatus for the purpose of lubrication F16N0003000000 Devices for supplying lubricant by manual action (draining equipment for liquid containers B65D);; F16N0003020000 delivering oil F16N0003040000 Oil cans; Oil syringes F16N0003060000 delivering on squeezing F16N0003080000 incorporating a piston-pump F16N0003100000 delivering grease F16N0003120000 Grease guns F16N0005000000 Apparatus with hand-positioned nozzle supplied with lubricant under pressure (F16N0003000000 takes precedence);; F16N0005020000 Nozzles and nozzle-valve arrangements therefor, e.g. high-pressure grease guns F16N0007000000 Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated (axle-box lubrication for railway rolling-stock B61F0017000000);; F16N0007020000 with gravity feed or drip lubrication F16N0007040000 with oil flow promoted by vibration F16N0007060000 Arrangements in which the droplets are visible F16N0007080000 controlled by means of the temperature of the member to be lubricated (thermostats G05D);; F16N0007100000 incorporating manually-operated regulating means, e.g. spindles F16N0007120000 with feed by capillary action, e.g. by wicks F16N0007140000 the lubricant being conveyed from the reservoir by mechanical means (by pumping devices F16N0007360000, F16N0007380000;adaptations for lubrication engines F01M) F16N0007160000 the oil being carried up by a lifting device (scoop devices in general F04D);; F16N0007180000 with one or more feed members fixed on a shaft F16N0007200000 with one or more members moving around the shaft to be lubricated F16N0007220000 shaped as rings F16N0007240000 with discs, rollers, belts, or the like contacting the shaft to be lubricated F16N0007260000 Splash lubrication (mist lubrication F16N0007320000);; F16N0007280000 Dip lubrication F16N0007300000 the oil being fed or carried along by another fluid (in internal-combustion engines F02F);; F16N0007320000 Mist lubrication (splash lubrication F16N0007260000);; F16N0007340000 Atomising devices for oil (atomising devices in general B05B);; F16N0007360000 with feed by pumping action of the member to be lubricated or of a shaft of the machine; Centrifugal lubrication F16N0007380000 with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems F16N0007400000 in a closed circulation system F16N0009000000 Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a moving reservoir or the equivalent (also usable with a stationary reservoir F16N0007000000);; F16N0009020000 with reservoir on or in a rotary member F16N0009040000 with reservoir on or in a reciprocating, rocking, or swinging member F16N0011000000 Arrangements for supplying grease from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated; Grease cups F16N0011020000 Hand-actuated grease cups, e.g. Stauffer cups F16N0011040000 Spring-loaded devices F16N0011060000 Weight-loaded devices F16N0011080000 with mechanical drive, other than directly by springs or weights (lubricating-pumps F16N0013000000);; F16N0011100000 by pressure of another fluid F16N0011120000 by centrifugal action F16N0013000000 Lubricating-pumps (oil cans with pump F16N0003080000;pumps for liquids in general F04) F16N0013020000 with reciprocating piston (pumps with distributing equipment F16N0013220000);; F16N0013040000 Adjustable reciprocating pumps F16N0013060000 Actuation of lubricating-pumps F16N0013080000 by hand F16N0013100000 with mechanical drive (F16N0013180000 takes precedence);; F16N0013120000 with ratchet F16N0013140000 with cam or wobble-plate on shaft parallel to the pump cylinder or cylinders F16N0013160000 with fluid drive F16N0013180000 relative movement of pump parts being produced by inertia of one of the parts or of a driving member F16N0013200000 Rotary pumps (with distributing equipment F16N0013220000);; F16N0013220000 with distributing equipment (separate distributing equipment F16N0025000000);; F16N0015000000 Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions (F16N0017000000 takes precedence;lubricating compositions, selection of particular substances as lubricants in general C10M; bearings with surfaces incorporating lubricant F16C0033040000; lubrication specially adapted to machines or apparatus provided for in a single other class, see the relevant class for the machine or apparatus); F16N0015020000 with graphite or graphite-containing compositions F16N0015040000 with water (bearings working in water F16C);; F16N0017000000 Lubrication of machines or apparatus working under extreme conditions (additives to lubricating oil or lubricating grease C10M);; F16N0017020000 at high temperature (of turbines F01D, F02C;lubrication of internal-combustion engines F01M) F16N0017040000 at low temperature (lubrication of refrigerating machines F25B);; F16N0017060000 in vacuum or under reduced pressure (lubrication of evacuating pumps F04;of rotary anodes of X-ray tubes H01J0035100000) F16N0019000000 Lubricant containers for use in lubricators or lubrication systems F16N0021000000 Conduits; Junctions (in general F16L);;Fittings for lubrication apertures F16N0021020000 Lubricating nipples F16N0021040000 Nozzles for connection of lubricating equipment to nipples F16N0021060000 Covering members for nipples, conduits, or apertures F16N0023000000 Special adaptations of check valves (check valves in general F16K);; F16N0025000000 Distributing equipment F16N0025020000 with reciprocating distributing slide valve F16N0025040000 with rotary distributing member (combined with oil pump F16N0013220000);; F16N0027000000 Proportioning devices (liquid meters G01F);; F16N0027020000 Gating equipment (multiple-way valves F16K;metering cocks G01F) F16N0029000000 Special means in lubricating arrangements or systems providing for the indication or detection of undesired conditions; Uses of devices responsive to conditions in lubricating arrangements or systems (in bearings F16C;constructions of apparatus outside the lubricating arrangements or systems, see the relevant classes); F16N0029020000 for influencing the supply of lubricant F16N0029040000 enabling a warning to be given; enabling moving parts to be stopped F16N0031000000 Means for collecting, retaining, or draining-off lubricant in or on machines or apparatus (oil separators for separating oil from exhaust steam F22G);; F16N0031020000 Oil catchers; Oil wipers (oil-scraping rings for pistons F16J0009200000);; F16N0033000000 Mechanical arrangements for cleaning lubricating equipment; Special racks or the like for use in draining lubricant from machine parts F16N0035000000 Storage of lubricants in engine-rooms or the like (storage containers B65);; F16N0037000000 Equipment for transferring lubricant from one container to another F16N0037020000 for filling grease guns F16N0039000000 Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system (cleaning of lubricating oil, additions to lubricating oil or lubricating grease C10M);; F16N0039020000 by cooling (heat-exchangers in general F28);; F16N0039040000 by heating (heat-exchangers in general F28);; F16N0039060000 by filtration (filters in general B01D;magnetic separators B03C) F16N0039080000 by diluting, e.g. by addition of fuel (lubrication for internal-combustion engines F01M);; F16P SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL (safety devices adapted to machines or apparatus for special purposes, see the relevant classes for the machines or apparatus);; F16P0001000000 Safety devices independent of the control and operation of any machine (protective devices for the eyes or ears, worn on the body or carried in the hand, A61F0009000000, A61F0011000000);; F16P0001020000 Fixed screens or hoods F16P0001040000 Screens or hoods rotating with rotary shafts F16P0001060000 specially designed for welding F16P0003000000 Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body (F16P0005000000 takes precedence);; F16P0003020000 Screens or other safety members moving in synchronism with members which move to and fro F16P0003040000 for machines with parts which approach one another during operation, e.g. for stamping presses F16P0003060000 in which body parts of the operator are removed from the danger zone on approach of the machine parts F16P0003080000 in connection with the locking of doors, covers, guards, or like members giving access to moving machine parts F16P0003100000 in which the operation of locking the door or other member causes the machine to start F16P0003120000 with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine (F16P0003080000 takes precedence);; F16P0003140000 the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact F16P0003160000 with feeling members moved by the machine F16P0003180000 Control arrangements requiring the use of both hands F16P0003200000 for electric control systems F16P0003220000 for hydraulic or pneumatic control systems F16P0003240000 for mechanical controls F16P0005000000 Emergency means for rendering ineffective a coupling conveying reciprocating movement if the motion of the driven part is prematurely resisted F16P0007000000 Emergency devices preventing damage to a machine or apparatus (F16P0001000000, F16P0003000000, F16P0005000000 take precedence;indicating means, see the appropriate classes); F16P0007020000 by causing the machine to stop on the occurence of dangerous conditions therein (devices in bearings affected by abnormal conditions F16C);; F16S CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL F16S0001000000 Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportions; Constructions comprising assemblies of such members (built-up gratings F16S0003000000;layered products B32B) F16S0001020000 designed for being secured together edge to edge, e.g. at an angle; Assemblies thereof F16S0001040000 produced by deforming or otherwise working a flat sheet (honeycomb or other core members for layered products B32B0003000000, e.g. B32B0003120000, B32B0003240000, B32B0003260000);; F16S0001060000 by deforming only F16S0001080000 by cutting or perforating, with or without deformation F16S0001100000 Composite members, e.g. with ribs or flanges attached (F16S0001020000 takes precedence);; F16S0001120000 of substantial thickness, e.g. with varying thickness, with channels F16S0001140000 Assemblies of such members with members of forms covered by group F16S0003000000; or F16S0005000000; (such other members being for jointing only F16S0001020000);; F16S0003000000 Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles (gratings or grilles formed from a sheet or the like F16S0001000000, particularly F16S0001080000);; F16S0003020000 composed of two or more elongated members secured together side by side F16S0003040000 designed for being joined to similar members in various relative positions F16S0003060000 Assemblies of elongated members (F16S0003020000, F16S0003040000 take precedence);; F16S0003080000 forming frameworks, e.g. gratings F16S0005000000 Other constructional members not restricted to an application fully provided for in a single class F16T STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS F16T0001000000 Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers F16T0001020000 with valves controlled thermally F16T0001040000 by expansion rods F16T0001060000 by expansion tubes F16T0001080000 by bimetallic strips or plates F16T0001100000 by thermally-expansible liquids F16T0001120000 with valves controlled by excess or release of pressure F16T0001140000 involving a piston, diaphragm, or bellows, e.g. displaceable under pressure of incoming condensate F16T0001160000 involving a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber communicating with one another, i.e. thermodynamic steam chambers F16T0001180000 involving a vacuum chamber F16T0001200000 with valves controlled by floats F16T0001220000 of closed-hollow-body type F16T0001240000 using levers F16T0001260000 of upright-open-bucket type F16T0001280000 using levers F16T0001300000 of inverted-open-bucket type; of bell type F16T0001320000 of rocking or tilting type F16T0001340000 without moving parts other than hand valves, e.g. labyrinth type F16T0001360000 specially adapted for steam lines of low pressure F16T0001380000 Component parts; Accessories F16T0001400000 Actuating mechanisms of ball valves F16T0001420000 Actuating mechanisms of slide valves F16T0001450000 Means for venting or aerating (separate devices therefor F16K0024000000);; F16T0001480000 Monitoring arrangements for inspecting, e.g. flow of steam and steam condensate F17 STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS (water supply E03B);; F17B GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY (self-acting gas cut-off devices A47J0027620000, G05D;flame traps A62C0004000000; gas mixers B01F, F16K0019000000, G05D0011000000; gas pressure-wave generators B06B; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H0007000000; gas compressors F04; valves F16K; damping pulsations in valves or pipes F16K, F16L; pipes F16L; stopping devices for gas mains F16L0055100000; vessels adapted for storing compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases F17C; gas distribution systems F17D0001040000; detecting leakage F17D0005020000, G01M; supervising or alarm devices F17D0005020000, G08B; control of combustion in burners F23N; gas flow or pressure regulators G05D) F17B0001000000 Gas-holders of variable capacity (rigid tanks of variable capacity in general B65D0087160000;use of natural or artificial cavities for storage of gases B65G0005000000) F17B0001007000 with telescopically movable ring-shaped parts (F17B0001100000 takes precedence;sealing of rings F17B0001040000) F17B0001013000 with movable discs (F17B0001100000 takes precedence;sealing of discs F17B0001040000) F17B0001020000 Details F17B0001040000 Sealing devices for sliding parts (in general F16J0015000000);; F17B0001060000 using sealing liquids F17B0001080000 using resilient materials for packing, e.g. leather F17B0001100000 Guiding moving parts F17B0001120000 Gas admission and discharge arrangements F17B0001140000 Safety devices, e.g. prevention of excess pressure F17B0001160000 of wet type F17B0001180000 bell-shaped F17B0001200000 telescopic F17B0001220000 spirally-guided F17B0001240000 of dry type F17B0001260000 with flexible walls, e.g. bellows F17C VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; DECANTATION OR VAPORISATION OF LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES (use of natural or artificial cavities for storage of fluids B65G0005000000;construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H0007000000; variable-capacity gas-holders F17B; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B) F17C0001000000 Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge (pressurised apparatus for purposes other than storage, see the relevant sub-classes such as A62C, B05B;associated with vehicles, see the appropriate sub-class of classes B60-B64; construction of pressure vessels in general F16J) F17C0001020000 involving reinforcing arrangements (F17C0001140000, F17C0001160000 take precedence);; F17C0001040000 Protecting sheatings F17C0001060000 built-up from wound-on bands or wires F17C0001080000 Integral reinforcements, e.g. ribs F17C0001100000 with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid (F17C0001140000, F17C0001160000 take precedence;protection against corrosion in general C23F) F17C0001120000 with provision for thermal insulation (F17C0001140000, F17C0001160000 take precedence;thermal insulation in general F16L0059000000) F17C0001140000 constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel F17C0001160000 constructed of plastics materials F17C0003000000 Vessels not under pressure F17C0003020000 with provision for thermal insulation (thermal insulation in general F16L0059000000);; F17C0003040000 by insulating layers (F17C0003080000 takes precedence);; F17C0003060000 on, or inside, the inner surface F17C0003080000 by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask F17C0003100000 by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets F17C0003120000 with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid (protection against corrosion in general C23F);; F17C0005000000 Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases (adding propellants to aerosol containers B65B0031000000);; F17C0005020000 for filling with liquefied gases F17C0005040000 requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen F17C0005060000 for filling with compressed gases F17C0007000000 Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another sub-class F17C0007020000 Discharging liquefied gases F17C0009000000 Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure, e.g. decantation F17C0009020000 with change of state, e.g. vaporisation F17C0011000000 Use of gas-solvents or gas-absorbents in vessels (wet acetylene generators C10H);; F17C0013000000 Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels F17C0013020000 Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment (measuring in general G01);; F17C0013040000 Arrangement or mounting of valves (valves per se F16K);; F17C0013060000 Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member (closures for containers in general B65D);; F17C0013080000 Mounting arrangements for vessels F17C0013100000 Arrangements for preventing freezing F17C0013120000 Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion (explosion or fire traps per se A62C0003040000);; F17D PIPE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES (pumps or compressors F04;fluid dynamics F15D; valves or the like F16K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F16L; steam traps or the like F16T; fluid-pressure electric cables H01B0009060000) F17D0001000000 Pipe-line systems (conveying articles or materials through a pipe-line by means of a fluid carrier B65G0051000000, B65G0053000000;apparatus for dispensing or delivering liquids B67D; special devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers into vehicles or boats or vice versa, e.g. loading or unloading vehicles or portable containers B67D0005000000; conveying material which has been excavated by a dredger or soil shifter through a pipe-line E02F0007100000; sewer pipe-line systems E03F0003000000; thermal insulation of pipe-lines F16L0059000000; central heating systems F24D) F17D0001020000 for gases or vapours F17D0001040000 for distribution of gas F17D0001050000 Preventing freezing (by heating F16L0053000000);; F17D0001060000 for steam F17D0001065000 Arrangements for producing propulsion means for gases or vapours F17D0001070000 by compression F17D0001075000 by expansion only F17D0001080000 for liquids or viscous products (water-main or service pipe systems E03B0007040000;domestic hot-water supply systems F24D0017000000) F17D0001120000 Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid F17D0001130000 Conveying liquids or viscous products by gravity F17D0001140000 Conveying liquids or viscous products by pumping F17D0001160000 Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity F17D0001170000 by mixing with another liquid F17D0001180000 by heating F17D0001200000 Arrangements or systems of devices for influencing or altering dynamic characteristics of the systems, e.g. for damping pulsations caused by opening or closing of valves (fluid dynamics F15D;damping pulsations in fluids in pipes in general F16L0055040000) F17D0003000000 Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations (supervising or controlling per se, see the relevant classes of Section G);; F17D0003010000 for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product F17D0003030000 for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of several different products following one another in the same conduit, e.g. for switching from one receiving tank to another F17D0003050000 the different products not being separated (separation of contaminants by distillation B01D0003000000);; F17D0003080000 the different products being separated by "go-devils", e.g. spheres (cleaning devices moved along inside a pipe-line by fluid pressure B08B0009040000);; F17D0003100000 for taking out the product in the line (sampling in general, examining the physical or chemical properties of materials G01N);; F17D0003120000 for injecting a composition into the line F17D0003140000 for eliminating water (separation of liquids B01D, e.g. B01D0017000000;separation of gases or vapours B01D0053000000) F17D0003160000 for eliminating particles in suspension (separation by sedimentation B01D0021000000;by filtration B01D0023000000-B01D0051000000; by centrifugal apparatus B04) F17D0003180000 for measuring the quantity of conveyed product (measuring volume or demand, in general G01F);; F17D0005000000 Protection or supervision of installations (arrangements for protecting foundations E02D0031000000;protecting pipes from damage or internal or external wear F16L0057000000, against corrosion and scale F16L0058000000; investigation of the fluid-tightness of structures G01M0003000000) F17D0005020000 Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss F17D0005040000 by means of a signalling fluid enclosed in a double wall F17D0005060000 using electric or acoustic means F17D0005080000 Protection of installations or persons from the effects of high voltage induced in the pipe-line (emergency protective circuit arrangements per se H02H);; F21 LIGHTING (details specific to arc lamps H05B0031000000);; F21H MANTLES; OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION (arrangements thereof F21V0036000000;burners F23D) F21H0001000000 Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor F21H0001020000 characterised by the material thereof F21H0001040000 Suspension devices therefor (for attaching the mantle on the housing of a lamp F21V0019060000);; F21H0003000000 Manufacturing incandescent mantles; Treatment prior to use, e.g. burning-off; Machines for manufacturing F21H0005000000 Solid incandescent bodies (mantles F21H0001000000);; F21K LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR F21K0002000000 Light sources using luminescence (using excitation by another light source F21V0009160000;lamps, other than those in which all the electrodes are within the vessel, in which a screen or coating is excited to luminesce by radioactive located inside the vessel H01J0065080000; using electroluminescence H05B0033000000) F21K0002020000 excited by radiation from radioactive material F21K0002040000 using triboluminescence; using thermoluminescence F21K0005000000 Light sources using a charge of combustible material (illuminating compositions C06B);; F21K0005020000 ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb F21K0007000000 Other light sources F21L PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES F21L0001000000 Portable electric lighting devices employing point-like light sources; Portable lighting devices employing light sources of unspecified shape, e.g. inspection lamps for mains connection (F21L0007000000-F21L0013000000; take precedence);; F21L0003000000 Portable electric lighting devices employing linear light sources (F21L0007000000-F21L0013000000; take precedence);; F21L0005000000 Portable electric lighting devices employing light sources of shapes not covered by group ; F21L0001000000; or F21L0003000000 F21L0007000000 Torches and pocket-lamps with built-in batteries (F21L0009000000 takes precedence);; F21L0009000000 Torches and pocket-lamps with built-in accumulators F21L0011000000 Portable lighting devices with built-in batteries or accumulators, not covered by group ; F21L0007000000; or F21L0009000000, e.g. miners' hand-lamps F21L0013000000 Portable lighting devices with built-in electric generators F21L0013020000 with fluid drive F21L0013040000 actuated by hand F21L0013060000 with mechanical drive, e.g. spring F21L0013080000 by reciprocating pusher actuated by hand F21L0015000000 Details of kinds solely applicable to the devices covered by groups ; F21L0001000000-F21L0013000000 F21L0015020000 concerned with light emission or distribution F21L0015040000 Arrangements of coloured filters or screens F21L0015060000 concerned with the fitting F21L0015080000 Supporting and suspending elements F21L0015100000 without arrangements for adjustment F21L0015120000 Hand grips F21L0015140000 Clips; Clamps; Head fittings (for medical purposes A61B0001060000);; F21L0015160000 Suction devices F21L0015180000 Magnetic devices F21L0015200000 with arrangements for adjustment F21L0015220000 providing storage for cables, e.g. reel F21L0017000000 Torches; Flares F21L0019000000 Lanterns, e.g. hurricane lamps, candle lamps F21L0019020000 Fastening and lifting of the lamp glass F21L0019040000 Special adaptation for protection against draughts F21L0021000000 Pocket-lamps, e.g. producing sparks F21L0023000000 Miners' hand-lamps F21L0025000000 Details of kinds solely applicable to the devices covered by groups ; F21L0017000000-F21L0023000000 F21L0027000000 Portable lighting devices employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing electric by non-electric light sources or ; vice-versa, in portable lighting devices F21M NON-PORTABLE BEAM LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS (signal lighting devices F21Q);; F21M0001000000 Electric beam lighting or spot-lighting devices or systems other than vehicle head-lighting devices or systems (with built-in power sources F21M0005000000);; F21M0003000000 Electric head-lighting or spot-lighting devices or systems for vehicles (F21M0005000000 takes precedence;circuits therefor B60Q; testing alignment thereof G01M0011060000) F21M0003020000 employing point-like light sources; employing light sources of which the shape is not specified F21M0003040000 specially adapted for preventing glare (F21M0003060000-F21M0003260000; take precedence);; F21M0003060000 providing a single shaped beam, e.g. asymmetric beam, e.g. for penetrating fog F21M0003080000 by the shape of the reflector F21M0003100000 by the shape of the light source (light sources per se H01J, H01K);; F21M0003120000 by the shape of the refractor F21M0003140000 by the provision of screens or non-reflecting parts F21M0003160000 providing two or more separate reflectors (F21M0003180000 takes precedence);; F21M0003180000 with provision for changing shape or direction of the beam F21M0003200000 by changing shape or position of reflector F21M0003220000 by changing position of light source F21M0003240000 with provision for periodically chopping the beam F21M0003250000 emitting coloured light F21M0003260000 emitting polarised light F21M0003280000 employing linear light sources F21M0003300000 employing light sources of shapes not covered by the preceding sub-groups F21M0005000000 Electric beam lighting devices or systems with built-in power sources F21M0005020000 the power source being a battery or an accumulator F21M0005040000 the power source being a generator F21M0007000000 Details of kinds solely applicable to the devices or systems covered by groups ; F21M0001000000-F21M0005000000 F21M0009000000 Non-electric beam lighting or spot-lighting devices or systems other than vehicle head-lighting or spot-lighting devices or systems F21M0011000000 Non-electric head-lighting or spot-lighting devices or systems for vehicles F21M0013000000 Details of kinds solely applicable to the devices or systems covered by groups ; F21M0009000000 and F21M0011000000 F21M0015000000 Non-portable beam lighting or spot-lighting devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing electric by non-electric light sources or ; vice-versa, in non-portable beam lighting or spot-lighting devices F21P NON-PORTABLE DEVICES OR SYSTEMS FOR FLOOD-LIGHTING BUILDINGS, LIGHTING FOUNTAINS, LIGHTING STAGES, AND FESTIVAL LIGHTING (beam lighting devices F21M;decorative lighting devices for domestic use F21S) F21P0001000000 Devices or systems without variable lighting effects, e.g. flood-light (F21P0005000000, F21P0007000000 take precedence);; F21P0001020000 Decorative lighting devices or systems F21P0001040000 Chinese lanterns F21P0003000000 Devices or systems with variable lighting effects, e.g. with changing colour filters (F21P0005000000, F21P0007000000 take precedence);; F21P0005000000 Stage, circus, or arena lighting F21P0005020000 Illumination arrangements for producing special lighting effects on stages, or in circuses or arenas F21P0005040000 Projected decorations (projectors per se G03B);; F21P0007000000 Fountain lighting F21Q NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES FOR SIGNALLING (arrangements or adaptation of optical signalling devices for vehicles, see the relevant classes B60-B64; burners, combustion apparatus F23; signalling arrangements or devices, other than lamps or shutters therefor, G08B) F21Q0001000000 Lighting devices for signalling adapted to be mounted on the exterior of vehicles (F21Q0005000000 takes precedende);; F21Q0003000000 Other lighting devices for signalling, e.g. indicator lamps (F21Q0005000000 takes precedence);; F21Q0003020000 Devices producing a focused beam, e.g. for lighthouses F21Q0005000000 Lighting devices for signalling employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing electric by non-electric light sources or ; vice-versa, in lighting devices for signalling F21S NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR F21S0001000000 Lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape (F21S0007000000, F21S0009000000 take precedence);; F21S0001020000 Devices intended to be fixed, e.g. ceiling lamp, wall lamp F21S0001040000 with a pendant F21S0001060000 multi-branched, e.g. chandelier F21S0001080000 with suspension from a stretched wire F21S0001100000 with a standard, e.g. street lamp F21S0001120000 Devices intended to be free-standing, e.g. table lamp, floor lamp F21S0001140000 Lighting systems F21S0003000000 Lighting devices or systems employing a linear light source (F21S0007000000, F21S0009000000 take precedence);; F21S0003020000 Devices intended to be fixed, e.g. ceiling lamp, wall lamp F21S0003040000 with a pendant F21S0003060000 multi-branched, e.g. chandelier F21S0003080000 with suspension from a stretched wire F21S0003100000 with a standard, e.g. street lamp F21S0003120000 Devices intended to be free-standing, e.g. table lamp, floor lamp F21S0003140000 Lighting systems F21S0005000000 Lighting devices or systems employing light sources of shapes not covered by group F21S0001000000; or F21S0003000000; (F21S0007000000, F21S0009000000 take precedence);; F21S0007000000 Lighting devices or systems employing combinations of the light sources covered by groups F21S0001000000-F21S0005000000; (F21S0009000000 takes precedence;electric light sources using a combination of different kinds of light generation H05B0035000000) F21S0009000000 Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Lighting systems employing such devices F21S0009020000 the power supply being a battery or accumulator F21S0009040000 the power supply being a generator F21S0011000000 Lighting devices or systems using daylight (building arrangements in general, building details E04;windows or the like E06B) F21S0013000000 Lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape F21S0013020000 Devices intended to be fixed, e.g. ceiling lamp, wall lamp F21S0013040000 with a pendant F21S0013060000 multi-branched, e.g. chandelier F21S0013080000 with suspension from a stretched wire F21S0013100000 with a standard, e.g. street lamp F21S0013120000 Devices intended to be free-standing, e.g. table lamp, floor lamp F21S0013140000 Lighting systems F21S0015000000 Lighting devices or systems employing light sources not covered by group ; F21S0011000000; or F21S0013000000 F21S0017000000 Details solely applicable to the devices covered by groups ; F21S0013000000 and F21S0015000000 F21S0017020000 Fastening and lifting of the lamp-glass F21S0017040000 Special adaptation for protection against draughts F21S0019000000 Lighting devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing electric by non-electric light sources or ; vice-versa F21V DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION F21V0001000000 Shades F21V0001020000 Frames F21V0001040000 rigid (F21V0001080000 takes precedence);; F21V0001060000 foldable or collapsible F21V0001080000 adjustable F21V0001100000 Rotating shades F21V0001120000 Composite shades F21V0001140000 Covers for frames; Frameless shades F21V0001160000 characterised by the material F21V0001180000 the material being paper F21V0001200000 the material being glass F21V0001220000 the material being plastics F21V0001240000 the material being metal F21V0001260000 Manufacturing shades F21V0003000000 Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses (with refracting properties F21V0005000000;with reflecting properties F21V0007000000) F21V0003020000 characterised by the shape F21V0003040000 characterised by the material; characterised by surface treatments or coatings F21V0005000000 Refractors F21V0005020000 of prismatic shape (F21V0005040000 takes precedence);; F21V0005040000 of lens shape F21V0005060000 Hanging lustres for chandeliers F21V0005080000 producing an asymmetric light distribution (applicable solely to vehicle head-lighting devices F21M0003060000, F21M0011000000);; F21V0007000000 Reflectors F21V0007020000 adapted to co-operate with point-like light sources; adapted to co-operate with light sources the shape of which is unspecified (F21V0007160000-F21V0007220000; take precedence);; F21V0007040000 Optical design F21V0007050000 plane F21V0007060000 with parabolic curvature F21V0007070000 with hyperbolic curvature F21V0007080000 with elliptical curvature F21V0007090000 with a combination of different curvatures F21V0007100000 Construction F21V0007120000 adapted to co-operate with linear light sources, e.g. trough-shaped (F21V0007160000-F21V0007220000; take precedence);; F21V0007140000 adapted to co-operate with light sources of shapes not covered by group F21V0007020000; or F21V0007120000, e.g. circular(F21V0007160000-F21V0007220000; take precedence);; F21V0007160000 with provision for adjusting the curvature F21V0007180000 with provision for folding or collapsing F21V0007200000 constructed to facilitate cooling, e.g. with fins (cooling by other means, e.g. fluid, F21V0029000000);; F21V0007220000 characterised by the material; characterised by surface treatments or coatings F21V0009000000 Light filters (coloured shades F21V0001000000);;Selection of luminescent materials for light screens (luminescent materials per se C09K0011000000;electroluminescent light sources H05B0033000000) F21V0009020000 for simulating daylight (F21V0009040000, F21V0009060000, F21V0009160000 take precedence);; F21V0009040000 for filtering out infra-red radiation (using liquid-filled chambers F21V0009120000);; F21V0009060000 for filtering out ultra-violet radiation (F21V0009160000 takes precedence);; F21V0009080000 for producing coloured light, e.g. monochromatic; for reducing intensity of light (F21V0009160000 takes precedence);; F21V0009100000 with provision for variation of the colour or intensity (F21V0009120000 takes precedence);; F21V0009120000 with liquid-filled chambers F21V0009140000 for producing polarised light F21V0009160000 Selection of luminescent materials for light screens F21V0011000000 Screens not covered by groups ; F21V0001000000, F21V0003000000, F21V0007000000, F21V0009000000 F21V0011020000 using parallel laminae or strips, e.g. of Venetian-blind type (F21V0011060000 takes precedence);; F21V0011040000 adjustable F21V0011060000 using crossed laminae or strips; using lattices or honeycombs F21V0011080000 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures F21V0011100000 of iris type F21V0011120000 of slot type F21V0011140000 with many small apertures F21V0011160000 using sheets without apertures, e.g. fixed (F21V0011020000, F21V0011060000 take precedence);; F21V0011180000 movable, e.g. flaps, slides F21V0013000000 Combinations of elements specified in two or more of the groups F21V0001000000-F21V0011000000; (combinations of two or more elements covered by a single one of groups F21V0001000000-F21V0011000000, see the relevant group);; F21V0013020000 Combinations of only two kinds of elements F21V0013040000 the elements being reflectors and refractors F21V0013060000 a reflector being rotatable F21V0013080000 the elements being reflectors and filters F21V0013100000 the elements being reflectors and screens F21V0013120000 Combinations of only three kinds of elements F21V0013140000 the elements being reflectors, refractors, and filters F21V0015000000 Protecting lighting devices from damage F21V0015020000 Cages F21V0015040000 Resilient mountings, e.g. shock-absorbers (in general F16F0015040000);; F21V0017000000 Fastening of shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, and protective cages (sealing arrangements F21V0031020000);; F21V0017020000 with provision for adjustment (F21V0017040000, F21V0017060000 take precedence);; F21V0017040000 the fastening being onto or by the light source F21V0017060000 the fastening being onto or by the lamp holder F21V0019000000 Fastening of light sources or lamp holders (fastening electric light source solely by the coupling device H01R0033000000);; F21V0019020000 with provision for adjustment, e.g. for focusing F21V0019040000 with provision for changing light source, e.g. turret F21V0019060000 Attaching mantles or other incandescent bodies to lamp parts F21V0021000000 Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices (F21V0017000000, F21V0019000000 take precedence;stands for supporting apparatus or articles in general F16M0011000000) F21V0021020000 Wall, ceiling, or floor bases, e.g. ceiling rose; Fixing pendants or arms to the bases (F21V0021080000 takes precedence;bases for movable standing lamps F21V0021060000) F21V0021040000 Recessed bases F21V0021060000 Bases for movable standing lamps; Fixing standards to the bases (F21V0021080000 takes precedence);; F21V0021080000 Devices for easy attachment to any desired place, e.g. clip, clamp, magnet F21V0021100000 Pendants, arms, or standards; Fixing lighting devices to pendants, arms, or standards (adjustable mounting F21V0021140000;construction of posts not peculiar to use with lighting devices E04H0012000000) F21V0021120000 capable of being elongated or shortened by the insertion or removal of intermediate pieces F21V0021140000 Adjustable mountings F21V0021160000 using wires or cords F21V0021180000 operated by springs F21V0021200000 operated by weights F21V0021220000 telescopic F21V0021240000 Lazy-tongs F21V0021260000 Pivoted arms F21V0021280000 adjustable in more than one plane F21V0021290000 employing universal joints F21V0021300000 Pivoted housings or frames F21V0021320000 Flexible tubes F21V0021340000 Supporting elements displaceable along a guiding element, e.g. rail, wire F21V0021360000 Hoisting or lowering devices, e.g. for maintenance (F21V0021140000 takes precedence);; F21V0021380000 with a cable F21V0023000000 Arrangements of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices (electric circuits per se H05B0039000000);; F21V0023020000 the elements being transformers or impedances F21V0023040000 the elements being switches (safety devices F21V0025000000);; F21V0023060000 the elements being coupling devices, e.g. for shavers F21V0025000000 Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices (gas-tight or water-tight arrangements F21V0031000000;in general F16P; protective circuit arrangements per se H02H0007000000) F21V0025020000 coming into action when lighting device is over-loaded, e.g. thermal switch F21V0025040000 breaking the electric circuit F21V0025060000 feeding a quenching fluid to the light source F21V0025080000 cutting the incandescent filament F21V0025100000 coming into action when lighting device is over-loaded, e.g. thermal switch F21V0025120000 Flameproof or explosion-proof arrangements F21V0027000000 Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels (storing lengths of cable in general B65H);; F21V0029000000 Cooling arrangements F21V0031000000 Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements F21V0031020000 Sealing arrangements F21V0031040000 Provision of filling media (safety devices F21V0025000000;cooling arrangements F21V0029000000) F21V0033000000 Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles (illuminated articles or apparatus, see the relevant sub-class for the article or apparatus);; F21V0035000000 Candle holders F21V0036000000 Arrangements of mantles or other incandescent bodies on burners (attaching to lamp parts F21V0019060000);; F21V0036020000 in ceiling lamps F21V0037000000 Details of liquid-fuel lighting devices, not otherwise provided for F22 STEAM GENERATION (chemical or physical apparatus for generating gases B01J;chemical generation of gas, e.g. under pressure, Section Cgenerating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R) F22B METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS (steam engine plants where engine aspects predominate F01K;domestic central-heating systems using steam F24D; heat exchange or heat transfer in general F28; generation of vapour in the cores of nuclear reactors G21) F22B0001000000 Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method (solar heating F24J;jackets or other cooling means in which steam is generated and which serve for cooling other apparatus, see the sub-classes for such apparatus); F22B0001020000 by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers F22B0001040000 the heat carrier being hot slag, hot residues, or heated blocks, e.g. iron blocks F22B0001060000 the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium F22B0001080000 the heat carrier being steam F22B0001100000 released from heat accumulators F22B0001120000 produced by an indirect cyclic process F22B0001140000 coming in direct contact with water in bulk or in sprays F22B0001160000 the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour F22B0001180000 the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines (use of waste heat of combustion engines, in general, F02G);; F22B0001200000 using heat evolved in a solution absorbing steam; Soda steam boilers F22B0001220000 using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure F22B0001240000 Pressure-fired steam boilers, e.g. using turbo air compressors actuated by hot gases from boiler furnace F22B0001260000 Steam boilers of submerged-flame type, i.e. the flame being surrounded by, or impinging on, the water to be vaporised F22B0001280000 in boilers heated electrically F22B0001300000 Electrode boilers F22B0003000000 Other methods of steam generation F22B0003020000 involving the use of working media other than water F22B0003040000 by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure-reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators (steam accumulators per se F01K0001000000);; F22B0003060000 by transformation of mechanical, e.g. kinetic, energy into heat energy F22B0003080000 at critical or supercritical pressure values F22B0005000000 Steam boilers of drum type, i.e. without internal furnace or fire tubes, the boiler body being contacted externally by flue gas F22B0005020000 with auxiliary water tubes outside the boiler body F22B0005040000 Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor (covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general F16J0013000000);; F22B0007000000 Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body F22B0007020000 without auxiliary water tubes F22B0007040000 with auxiliary water tubes F22B0007060000 inside the furnace tube in transverse arrangement F22B0007080000 inside the furnace tube in longitudinal arrangement F22B0007100000 outside the boiler body F22B0007120000 with auxiliary fire tubes; Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow F22B0007140000 with both auxiliary water tubes and auxiliary fire tubes F22B0007160000 Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections F22B0007180000 Walling of flues; Flue-gas header boxes F22B0007200000 Furnace tubes F22B0009000000 Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body F22B0009020000 the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber F22B0009040000 the fire tubes being in upright arrangement F22B0009060000 Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow F22B0009080000 the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement F22B0009100000 the boiler body being disposed substantially horizontally, e.g. at the side of the combustion chamber F22B0009120000 the fire tubes being in substantially-horizontal arrangement F22B0009140000 Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow F22B0009160000 the boiler body containing fire tubes disposed crosswise in inclined upward arrangement F22B0009180000 Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections F22B0011000000 Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type, i.e. steam boilers of fire-tube type having auxiliary water tubes F22B0011020000 the fire tubes being in upright arrangement F22B0011040000 the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement F22B0013000000 Steam boilers of fire-box type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed in a chamber or fire-box with subsequent flue(s) or fire tube(s), both chamber or fire-box and flues or fire tubes being built-in in the boiler body F22B0013020000 mounted in fixed position with the boiler body disposed upright F22B0013040000 mounted in fixed position with the boiler body disposed substantially horizontally F22B0013060000 Locomobile, traction-engine, steam-roller, or locomotive boilers F22B0013080000 without auxiliary water tubes inside the fire-box F22B0013100000 with auxiliary water tubes inside the fire-box F22B0013120000 the auxiliary water tubes lining the fire-box F22B0013140000 Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor F22B0013160000 Stay-bolt connections, e.g. rigid connections F22B0013180000 Flexible connections, e.g. of ball-and-socket type F22B0015000000 Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally F22B0017000000 Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane F22B0017020000 built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two header boxes in common for all sets, e.g. with flat header boxes F22B0017040000 the water-tube sets being inclined in opposite directions, e.g. crosswise F22B0017060000 the water-tube sets being bent angularly F22B0017080000 the water-tube sets being curved F22B0017100000 built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler F22B0017120000 the sectional headers being in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement F22B0017140000 the sectional headers being in horizontal or substantially-horizontal arrangement F22B0017160000 Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor F22B0017180000 Header boxes; Sectional headers F22B0019000000 Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement F22B0021000000 Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically F22B0021020000 built-up from substantially-straight water tubes F22B0021040000 involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely F22B0021060000 the water tubes being arranged annularly in sets, e.g. in abutting connection with drums of annular shape F22B0021080000 the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends F22B0021100000 the water tubes being arranged in staggered rows F22B0021120000 involving two or more upper drums and two or more lower drums, e.g. with crosswise-arranged water-tube sets in abutting connection with drums F22B0021140000 involving a single upper drum and two or more lower drums F22B0021160000 the lower drums being interconnected by further water tubes F22B0021180000 involving two or more upper drums and a single lower drum F22B0021200000 involving sectional or subdivided headers in separate arrangement for each water-tube set F22B0021220000 built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight F22B0021240000 bent in serpentine or sinuous form F22B0021260000 bent helically, i.e. coiled F22B0021280000 bent spirally F22B0021300000 bent in U-loop form F22B0021320000 disposed horizontally in abutting connection with upright headers or rising water mains F22B0021340000 built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers F22B0021360000 involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber F22B0021380000 Component parts thereof, e.g. prefabricated panels F22B0021400000 built-up from water tubes arranged in a comparatively long vertical shaft, i.e. tower boilers F22B0023000000 Water-tube boilers built-up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes of return type in unilaterial abutting connection with a boiler drum or with a header box, i.e. built-up from Field water tubes comprising an inner tube arranged within an outer unilaterally-closed tube F22B0023020000 the water-tube, i.e. Field-tube, sets being horizontal or substantially horizontal F22B0023040000 the water-tube, i.e. Field-tube, sets being vertical or substantially vertical F22B0023060000 Component parts thereof, e.g. Field water tubes (heat-exchange tubes in general F28F);; F22B0025000000 Water-tube boilers built-up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes, or fire tubes, extending through the water tubes F22B0027000000 Instantaneous or flash steam boilers F22B0027020000 built-up from fire tubes F22B0027040000 built-up from water tubes (F22B0027120000-F22B0027160000; take precedence);; F22B0027060000 bent in serpentine or sinuous form F22B0027080000 bent helically, i.e. coiled F22B0027100000 bent spirally F22B0027120000 built-up from rotary heat-exchange elements, e.g. from tube assemblies F22B0027140000 built-up from heat-exchange elements arranged within a confined chamber having heat-retaining walls F22B0027160000 involving spray nozzles for sprinkling or injecting water particles on to or into hot heat-exchange elements, e.g. into tubes F22B0029000000 Steam boilers of forced-flow type F22B0029020000 of forced-circulation type F22B0029040000 of combined-circulation type, i.e. in which convection circulation due to the difference in specific gravity between cold and hot water is promoted by additional measures, e.g. by injecting pressure-water temporarily F22B0029060000 of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes (F22B0033000000 takes precedence);; F22B0029080000 operating with fixed point of final state of complete evaporation F22B0029100000 operating with sliding point of final state of complete evaporation F22B0029120000 operating with superimposed recirculation during starting and low-load periods, e.g. composite boilers F22B0031000000 Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus (steam generation characterised by heating method F22B0001000000;combustion apparatus per se F23) F22B0031020000 Installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys, e.g. in converter chimneys F22B0031040000 Heat supply by installation of two or more combustion apparatus, e.g. of separate combustion apparatus for the boiler and the superheater respectively F22B0031060000 Installation of emergency heat supply F22B0031080000 Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion F22B0033000000 Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association (arrangements or dispositions of steam-generation plants in marine vessels B63H0021000000);; F22B0033020000 Combinations of boilers having a single combustion apparatus in common F22B0033040000 of boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of water-tube type F22B0033060000 of boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type F22B0033080000 of boilers of water-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type F22B0033100000 of two or more superposed boilers with separate water volumes and operating with two or more separate water levels F22B0033120000 Self-contained steam boilers, i.e. comprising as a unit the steam boiler, the combustion apparatus, the fuel storage, accessory machines, and equipment F22B0033140000 Combinations of low- and high-pressure boilers F22B0033160000 of forced-flow type F22B0033180000 Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus F22B0035000000 Control systems for steam boilers (regulation or control of steam power plants F01K0007000000;for regulating feed-water supply F22D; for controlling superheat temperature F22G0005000000; control of combustion F23N; regulating or controlling in general G05) F22B0035020000 for steam boilers with natural convection circulation F22B0035040000 during starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers F22B0035060000 for steam boilers of forced-flow type F22B0035080000 of forced-circulation type F22B0035100000 of once-through type F22B0035120000 operating at critical or supercritical pressure F22B0035140000 during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers F22B0035160000 responsive to the percentage of steam in the mixture of steam and water F22B0035180000 Applications of computers to steam-boiler control F22B0037000000 Component parts or details of steam boilers (venting devices F16K0024000000;steam traps or like apparatus F16T) F22B0037020000 applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler F22B0037040000 and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy F22B0037060000 Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts F22B0037080000 Fittings preventing burning-off of the tube edges F22B0037100000 Water tubes; Accessories therefor (working of metal tubes B21D;pipes in general F16L; repairing leaks in water tubes F16L0055160000, F28F0011000000; baffles, screens, or deflectors formed of water tubes F23M0009100000; cleaning internal or external surfaces of water tubes F28G) F22B0037120000 Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section F22B0037140000 Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes F22B0037160000 Return bends F22B0037180000 Inserts, e.g. for receiving deposits from water F22B0037200000 Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets (construction of tube walls of furnaces including boiler furnaces F23M0005080000);; F22B0037220000 Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor (making boilers from sheet metal B21D0051240000;pressure vessels in general F16J0011060000; covers or similar closure members F16J0013000000) F22B0037240000 Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding (frames, engine beds F16M);; F22B0037260000 Steam-separating arrangements (vapour-liquid separators, e.g. for drying steam, B01D, B04);; F22B0037280000 involving reversal of direction of flow F22B0037300000 using impingement against baffle separators F22B0037320000 using centrifugal force F22B0037340000 Adaptations of boilers for promoting water circulation (auxiliary apparatus F22D0007000000);; F22B0037360000 Arrangements for sheathing or casing boilers F22B0037380000 Determining or indicating operating conditions in steam boilers, e.g. monitoring direction or rate of water flow through water tubes (measuring or indicating instruments per se G01);; F22B0037400000 Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles (in flues or chimneys F23J0013000000);; F22B0037420000 Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices (for feed-water heaters F22D0001140000);; F22B0037440000 of safety valves (safety valves per se F16K);; F22B0037460000 responsive to low or high water level, e.g. for checking, suppressing, extinguishing combustion in boilers (fire-fighting, fire extinction in general A62);; F22B0037470000 responsive to abnormal temperature, e.g. actuated by fusible plugs (such alarms or devices per se G08B);; F22B0037480000 Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers (cleaning internal or external surfaces of water tubes F28G);;Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers (cleaning external surfaces of tubes by soot blowers F23J);;Combinations thereof with boilers F22B0037500000 for draining or expelling water F22B0037520000 Washing-out devices F22B0037540000 De-sludging or blow-down devices F22B0037560000 Boiler-cleaning control devices, e.g. for ascertaining proper duration of boiler blow-down F22B0037580000 Removing tubes from headers or drums; Extracting tools F22B0037600000 specially adapted for steam boilers of instantaneous or flash type F22B0037620000 specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type F22B0037640000 Mounting of, or supporting arrangements for, tube units (construction of tube walls of furnaces, e.g. boiler furnaces F23M0005080000);; F22B0037660000 involving vertically-disposed water tubes F22B0037680000 involving horizontally-disposed water tubes F22B0037700000 Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes F22B0037720000 involving injection devices F22B0037740000 Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes F22B0037760000 Adaptations or mounting of devices for observing existence or direction of fluid flow (devices per se G01P);; F22B0037780000 Adaptations or mounting of level indicators (level indicators per se G01F);; F22D PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER; FEED-WATER SUPPLY; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL; CIRCULATING WATER WITHIN BOILERS (chemical treatment of water, e.g. purification, C02B;enclosed heat-exchange apparatus in general F28D; controlling in general G05) F22D0001000000 Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters F22D0001020000 with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways (heat-exchange tubes in general F28F);; F22D0001040000 the tubes having plain outer surfaces, e.g. in vertical arrangement F22D0001060000 in horizontal arrangement F22D0001080000 the tubes having fins, ribs, gills, corrugations, or the like on their outer surfaces, e.g. in vertical arrangement F22D0001100000 in horizontal arrangement (hollow fire-bars, grates, or the like used as water tubes F23H0003020000);; F22D0001120000 Control devices, e.g. for regulating steam temperature F22D0001140000 Safety or venting devices (safety devices for boilers in general F22B0037420000);; F22D0001160000 with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways F22D0001180000 and heated indirectly F22D0001200000 and directly connected to boilers F22D0001220000 and provided for rotary movement F22D0001240000 with fire tubes or flue ways traversing feed-water vessels F22D0001260000 with means, other than tubes, to separate water and heating medium, e.g. bulk heaters without internal flues or tubes, jacketted smoke-boxes or flues F22D0001280000 for direct heat transfer, e.g. by mixing water and steam F22D0001300000 with stages, steps, baffles, dishes, circular troughs, or other means to cause interrupted or cascading fall of water (de-aeration apparatus C02B0001100000);; F22D0001320000 arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines F22D0001340000 and returning condensate to boiler with main feed supply F22D0001360000 Water and air preheating systems F22D0001380000 Constructional features of water and air preheating systems F22D0001400000 Combinations of exhaust-steam and smoke-gas preheaters (for locomotives F22D0001420000);; F22D0001420000 specially adapted for locomotives F22D0001440000 Smoke-gas preheaters F22D0001460000 Exhaust-steam preheaters F22D0001480000 Details F22D0003000000 Accumulators for preheated water F22D0003020000 arranged within combustion chambers F22D0003040000 combined with steam accumulators F22D0003060000 directly connected to boilers F22D0003080000 specially adapted for locomotives (locomotive boilers F22B0013060000);; F22D0003100000 Control devices (controlling water feed to boilers, or water level F22D0005000000);; F22D0005000000 Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators (steam traps F16T;measuring or indicating instruments per se G01; for indicating water level G01F; level control in general G05D0009000000) F22D0005020000 with an intermediate compartment from which the water is fed by gravity after mechanically moving the compartment, the movement being controlled according to water level F22D0005040000 with pivoting buckets F22D0005060000 with receptacles external to, but in free communication with, the boilers and adapted to move up and down in accordance with change in water level F22D0005080000 with float-actuated valves F22D0005100000 and with pistons or membranes unitary with the feed inlet valves F22D0005120000 and with dipping tubes F22D0005140000 responsive to thermal expansion and contraction, e.g. of solid elements F22D0005160000 of fluids F22D0005180000 for varying the speed or delivery pressure of feed pumps F22D0005200000 without floats F22D0005220000 with floats F22D0005240000 with electric switches F22D0005260000 Automatic feed-control systems (automatic safety devices F22B0037420000;controlling in general G05) F22D0005280000 responsive to amount of steam withdrawn; responsive to steam pressure F22D0005300000 responsive to both water level and amount of steam withdrawn or steam pressure F22D0005320000 influencing the speed or delivery pressure of the feed pumps F22D0005340000 Applications of valves (valves per se F16K);; F22D0005360000 for feeding a number of steam boilers designed for different ranges of temperature and pressure F22D0007000000 Auxiliary devices or apparatus for promoting water circulation F22D0007020000 Saddles or like directing plates fitted to furnace tubes F22D0007040000 Injectors for water or steam F22D0007060000 Rotary devices, e.g. propellers F22D0007080000 Arrangements of pumps, e.g. outside the boilers F22D0007100000 within the boilers F22D0007120000 Control devices F22D0007140000 specially adapted for locomotive boilers F22D0011000000 Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups F22D0011020000 Arrangements of feed-water pumps (F22D0011060000 takes precedence;pumps per se F04) F22D0011040000 with means to eliminate steam formation F22D0011060000 for returning condensate to boiler F22G SUPERHEATING OF STEAM (steam-separating arrangements in boilers F22B0037260000);; F22G0001000000 Steam superheating characterised by heating method (exothermal chemical reactions not involving a supply of free oxygen gas, apparatus or devices for using the heat therefrom F24J);; F22G0001020000 with heat supply by hot flue gases from the furnace of the steam boiler F22G0001040000 by diverting flow or hot flue gases to separate superheaters operating in reheating cycle, e.g. for reheating steam between a high-pressure turbine stage and an intermediate turbine stage F22G0001060000 with heat supply predominantly by radiation F22G0001080000 from heated brickwork or the like F22G0001100000 with provision for superheating by throttling F22G0001120000 by mixing steam with furnace gases or other combustion products F22G0001140000 using heat generated by chemical reactions F22G0001160000 by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil F22G0003000000 Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof (general aspects of enclosed heat-exchangers F28D);; F22G0005000000 Controlling superheat temperature (control systems for steam boilers F22B;regulating or controlling in general G05) F22G0005020000 Applications of combustion-control devices, e.g. tangential-firing burners, tilting burners F22G0005040000 by regulating flue gas flow, e.g. by proportioning or diverting F22G0005060000 by recirculating flue gases F22G0005080000 preventing furnace gas backflow through recirculating fan F22G0005100000 by displacing superheater sections F22G0005120000 by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays (spray mixers B01F0005180000);; F22G0005140000 by live steam F22G0005160000 by indirectly cooling or heating the superheated steam in auxiliary enclosed heat-exchanger F22G0005180000 by by-passing steam around superheater sections F22G0005200000 by combined controlling procedures F22G0007000000 Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition F22G0007020000 in fire tubes F22G0007040000 in jackets around fire tubes F22G0007060000 in furnace tubes F22G0007080000 in fire-boxes F22G0007100000 in smoke-boxes F22G0007120000 in flues F22G0007140000 in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes F23 COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES F23B COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for lump and another kind of fuel simultaneously or alternatively F23C0001000000;combustion in fluidised beds F23D0019000000; burning of low-grade fuel F23G; grates F23H; feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus F23K; combustion chambers and details thereof F23M; domestic apparatus F24; central heating boilers F24D; package boilers F24H) F23B0001000000 Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel F23B0001020000 for indirect heating of a medium in a vessel, e.g. for boiling water (steam generation F22);; F23B0001040000 External furnaces, i.e. with furnace in front of the vessel F23B0001060000 for heating water-tube boilers, e.g. Tenbrink flue furnaces F23B0001080000 Internal furnaces, i.e. with furnaces inside the vessel F23B0001100000 for heating locomotive boilers F23B0001120000 with a plurality of combustion chambers F23B0001140000 Combined gas-producer and boiler, e.g. returning gases to flame (destructive distillation C10B);; F23B0001160000 the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support F23B0001180000 using inclined grate F23B0001200000 using step-type grate F23B0001220000 using travelling grate F23B0001240000 using rotating grate F23B0001260000 using imperforate fuel supports F23B0001280000 using ridge-type grate, e.g. for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel F23B0001300000 characterised by the form of combustion chamber F23B0001320000 rotating F23B0001340000 annular F23B0001360000 shaft type F23B0001380000 for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support F23B0003000000 Combustion apparatus which is portable or removable with respect to the boiler or other apparatus which is heated F23B0005000000 Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion (wherein the primary combustion may be of pulverulent fuel F23C0009000000);; F23B0005020000 in main combustion chamber F23B0005040000 in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate F23B0007000000 Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus F23C COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING FLUENT FUEL (combustion apparatus for solid fuel only F23B;burners F23D; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R) F23C0001000000 Combustion apparatus for burning two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternatively, at least one kind of fuel being fluent (with after-burning arrangements F23C0009000000;one kind being for ignition of the other F23Q) F23C0001020000 lump or liquid fuel F23C0001040000 lump or gaseous fuel F23C0001060000 lump or pulverulent fuel F23C0001080000 liquid or gaseous fuel F23C0001100000 liquid or pulverulent fuel F23C0001120000 gaseous or pulverulent fuel F23C0003000000 Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber F23C0003020000 to produce resonant combustion (for generation of combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R);; F23C0005000000 Mounting of burners in relation to combustion apparatus or one another; Disposition of burners (for burning different kinds of fuel F23C0001000000);; F23C0005020000 Structural details of mounting F23C0005040000 Adaptations for use with recuperators or regenerators (arrangements of recuperators or regenerators F23L0015000000);; F23C0005060000 Provision for adjustment of burner position during operation F23C0005080000 Disposition of burners F23C0005100000 to obtain a flame ring F23C0005120000 for pulverulent fuel F23C0005140000 to obtain a single concentrated flame, e.g. pencil F23C0005160000 for pulverulent fuel F23C0005180000 in which a cyclonic tapering flame is produced F23C0005200000 to obtain a sheet flame F23C0005220000 for pulverulent fuel F23C0005240000 to obtain a loop flame F23C0005260000 for pulverulent fuel F23C0005280000 to obtain flames in opposing directions, e.g. impacting flames F23C0005300000 for pulverulent fuel F23C0007000000 Air-supply arrangements (in general F23L);; F23C0007020000 Disposition of air supply not passing through burner (to obtain a cyclonic tapering flame when burning pulverulent fuel F23C0005180000);; F23C0007040000 to obtain maximum heat transfer to wall of combustion chamber F23C0007060000 for heating the incoming air (arrangements of regenerators and recuperators F23L0015000000);; F23C0007080000 indirectly by a secondary fluid other than the combustion products F23C0009000000 Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion F23C0009020000 in main combustion chamber F23C0009040000 in separate combustion chamber F23C0011000000 Other combustion apparatus using fluent fuel F23D BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R);; F23D0001000000 Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel (disposition of burners F23C);; F23D0001020000 Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus F23D0001040000 Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action F23D0001060000 Burners producing sheet flames F23D0003000000 Burners using capillary action F23D0003020000 Wick burners F23D0003040000 with flame spreaders (F23D0003120000 takes precedence);; F23D0003060000 Inverted wick burners, e.g. for illumination F23D0003080000 characterised by shape, construction, or material, of wick F23D0003100000 Blue-flame burners F23D0003120000 with flame spreaders F23D0003140000 with mixing of air and fuel vapour in a chamber before the flame F23D0003160000 using candles (candles per se C11C);; F23D0003180000 Details of wick burners F23D0003200000 Flame spreaders F23D0003220000 Devices for mixing evaporated fuel with air F23D0003240000 Carriers for wicks F23D0003260000 Safety devices thereon F23D0003280000 Wick-adjusting devices F23D0003300000 directly engaging with the wick F23D0003320000 engaging with a tube carrying the wick F23D0003340000 Wick stop devices; Wick-fixing devices F23D0003360000 Devices for trimming wicks F23D0003380000 Devices for replacement of wicks F23D0003400000 the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies F23D0005000000 Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel F23D0005020000 the liquid forming a pool, e.g. bowl-type evaporators, dish-type evaporators F23D0005040000 Pot-type evaporators, i.e. using a partially-enclosed combustion space F23D0005060000 the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces F23D0005080000 on cascaded surfaces F23D0005100000 on grids F23D0005120000 Details F23D0005140000 Maintaining predetermined amount of fuel in evaporator F23D0005160000 Safety devices F23D0005180000 Preheating devices F23D0007000000 Burners in which drops of liquid fuel impinge on a surface F23D0009000000 Burners in which a stream of liquid fuel impinges intermittently on a hot surface F23D0011000000 Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space (spraying in general B05B, B05D);; F23D0011020000 the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure F23D0011040000 the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action F23D0011060000 using a horizontal shaft F23D0011080000 using a vertical shaft F23D0011100000 the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour F23D0011120000 characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle F23D0011140000 with a single outlet, e.g. slit F23D0011160000 in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed F23D0011180000 the gaseous medium being water vapour generated at the nozzle F23D0011200000 the water vapour being superheated F23D0011220000 the gaseous medium being vaporised fuel, e.g. for a soldering lamp F23D0011240000 by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space F23D0011260000 with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed F23D0011280000 with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass F23D0011300000 with return feed of uncombusted sprayed fuel to reservoir F23D0011320000 by electrostatic means F23D0011340000 by ultrasonic means F23D0011360000 Details F23D0011380000 Nozzles (nozzles in general B05B);;Cleaning devices therefor F23D0011400000 Mixing tubes; Burner heads F23D0011420000 Starting devices (igniting F23Q);; F23D0011440000 Preheating devices; Vaporising devices F23D0011460000 Devices on the vaporiser for controlling the feeding of the fuel F23D0013000000 Burners in which gaseous fuel is mixed with air before transfer to the combustion space F23D0013020000 with provision for a pilot flame F23D0013040000 in association with a gas source, e.g. acetylene generator, container for liquefied gas F23D0013060000 for cutting or welding of metal under water (nozzles for cutting metal F23D0013320000);; F23D0013080000 for heating liquids, e.g. for vaporising, for concentrating F23D0013100000 Bunsen burners F23D0013120000 for producing infra-red radiation F23D0013140000 using screens or perforated ceramic plates F23D0013160000 using permeable blocks F23D0013180000 using catalysis for flameless combustion F23D0013200000 Flare stack burners F23D0013220000 Inverted burners, e.g. for illumination F23D0013240000 Details F23D0013260000 Nozzles F23D0013280000 Cleaning devices therefor F23D0013300000 for torches; for blowpipes F23D0013320000 for cutting of metal F23D0013340000 for spreading the flame over an area, e.g. for desurfacing of solid material, for surface hardening, for heating workpieces F23D0013360000 characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration F23D0013380000 Devices for simultaneous control of gas and air (regulation of combustion in general F23N);; F23D0013400000 Mixing devices; Mixing tubes F23D0013420000 Preheating the air or gas F23D0013440000 Treating the air or gas, e.g. by filtering; by moistening (in general B01);; F23D0013460000 Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply F23D0013480000 by selection of non-toxic gas, e.g. for Argand burners F23D0015000000 Burners in which gaseous fuel is mixed with air on arrival at the combustion space F23D0015020000 the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure F23D0015040000 Details F23D0017000000 Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel F23D0019000000 Fluidised-bed burners, i.e. burners in which combustion takes place in a bed maintained in suspension by incoming air F23D0019020000 with a bed of inert material F23D0021000000 Burners not otherwise provided for F23D0023000000 Assemblies of two or more burners (provision of pilot burners F23D0013020000;disposition of burners F23C; for industrial furnaces F27) F23G CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION F23G0001000000 Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses F23G0003000000 Incinerators for use in buildings F23G0003020000 with supplementary heating F23G0003040000 electric heating F23G0003060000 using gaseous or liquid fuel F23G0005000000 Incinerators for town refuse (steam generation F22);; F23G0005020000 with pretreatment other than drying F23G0005040000 with preliminary drying grates (drying without combustion F26B);; F23G0005060000 with rotating drums F23G0005080000 with supplementary heating F23G0005100000 electric heating F23G0005120000 using gaseous or liquid fuel F23G0007000000 Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals F23G0007020000 for burning bagasse or megasse F23G0007040000 for burning waste liquors, e.g. sulphite liquor from paper-making plant F23G0007060000 for consuming waste gases or noxious gases F23G0009000000 Incinerators for field or garden refuse F23H GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES F23H0001000000 Grates with solid bars F23H0001020000 having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports F23H0001040000 having a variable burning surface F23H0001060000 having bars at different levels (double grates F23H0005000000);; F23H0001080000 Vertical grates F23H0003000000 Grates with hollow bars F23H0003020000 internally cooled F23H0003040000 externally cooled, e.g. with water, steam, or air F23H0005000000 Double grates F23H0007000000 Inclined grates (inclined travelling grates F23H0011120000);; F23H0007020000 with fixed bars F23H0007040000 in parallel disposition F23H0007060000 with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding F23H0007080000 reciprocating along their axes F23H0007100000 rocking about their axes F23H0007120000 with movable bars disposed transversely to direction of fuel feeding F23H0007140000 reciprocating along their axes F23H0007160000 rocking about their axes F23H0007180000 reciprocating in an upward direction F23H0009000000 Revolving grates; Rocking grates (F23H0007000000 takes precedence);; F23H0009020000 Revolving cylindrical grates F23H0009040000 Grates rocked as a whole F23H0009060000 the bars being rocked about axes transverse to their lengths F23H0009080000 the bars being rocked about their longitudinal axes F23H0009100000 and modified to move fuel along the grate F23H0009120000 the bars being vertically movable in a plane F23H0011000000 Travelling grates F23H0011020000 with the bars disposed on transverse bearers F23H0011040000 with the bars pivoted at one side F23H0011060000 with the bars movable relatively to one another F23H0011080000 with several individually-movable grate surfaces F23H0011100000 with special provision for supply of air from below and for regulating air supply F23H0011120000 inclined travelling grates; Stepped travelling grates F23H0011140000 serving as auxiliary grates F23H0011160000 for multi-layer stoking F23H0011180000 Details F23H0011200000 Driving-means F23H0011220000 Moving fuel along grate; Cleaning of grate F23H0011240000 Removal of ashes; Removal of clinker F23H0011260000 by dumping F23H0011280000 Replaceable burning-surface F23H0013000000 Grates not covered by any preceding group F23H0013020000 Basket grates, e.g. with shaking arrangement F23H0013040000 Telescoping grates F23H0013060000 Dumping-grates F23H0013080000 Grates specially adapted for gas generators and also applicable to furnaces F23H0015000000 Cleaning arrangements for grates (not forming part of the grate F23J0001000000);;Moving fuel along grate (rocking grates modified for moving fuel F23H0009100000;for travelling grates F23H0011220000) F23H0017000000 Details of grates F23H0017020000 End fittings on bars F23H0017040000 of travelling grates F23H0017060000 Provision for vertical adjustment of grate F23H0017080000 Bearers; Frames; Spacers; Supports F23H0017100000 Dead plates; Imperforate fuel supports F23H0017120000 Fire-bars F23J REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (precipitating dust from flue gases B01D;composition of fuels C10) F23J0001000000 Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chamber F23J0001020000 Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyers, by employing suction devices F23J0001040000 Hand tools, e.g. rakes, prickers, tongs F23J0001060000 Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers (forming part of the grate F23H);; F23J0003000000 Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers F23J0003020000 Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys (by means which do not differ materially from the cleaning of any other tube once the fire is out B08B);; F23J0003040000 Traps F23J0003060000 Systems for accumulating residues from different parts of furnace plant F23J0005000000 Arrangements for consuming smoke or noxious fumes within the furnace (arrangement for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion F23B0005000000, F23C0009000000);; F23J0005020000 Returning combustion products to fire F23J0005040000 Separate secondary combustion chambers (using additional fuel F23J0005060000, F23J0005080000);; F23J0005060000 with auxiliary fluent-fuel burners F23J0005080000 with supplementary solid-fuel fires F23J0005100000 using catalytic action F23J0007000000 Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire (supplying chemicals to fire C10L);; F23J0009000000 Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues F23J0011000000 Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues (heat insulation therefor E04B0001940000;chimneys per se E04H0012280000) F23J0011020000 for conducting smoke or fumes originating from various locations to the outside, e.g. in locomotive sheds, in garages F23J0011040000 in locomotives; in road vehicles; in ships F23J0011060000 for conducting smoke horizontally F23J0011080000 for portable apparatus F23J0011100000 for tents; for log huts; for other inflammable structures F23J0011120000 Smoke conduit systems for factories or large buildings F23J0013000000 Fittings for chimneys or flues (staying, stiffening E04H;means for facilitating climbing E06C; draught-inducing apparatus associated with chimneys or flues F23L) F23J0013020000 Linings; Jackets; Casings F23J0013040000 Joints; Connections (pipe joints in general F16L);; F23J0013060000 Mouths; Inlet holes F23J0013080000 Doors or covers specially adapted for smoke-boxes, flues, or chimneys (in general E06B);; F23J0015000000 Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes (treating smoke or fumes, see the relevant class for the treatment, e.g. B01D0053000000);; F23K FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS F23K0001000000 Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus (filtration B01D;mixing B01F; pulverising B02C; drying F26B) F23K0001020000 Mixing solid fuel with a liquid, e.g. preparing slurries F23K0001040000 Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus F23K0003000000 Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus (conveying in general B65G);; F23K0003020000 Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast F23K0003040000 for locomotive boiler furnaces F23K0003060000 for shaft-type furnaces F23K0003080000 for furnaces having movable grate bars F23K0003100000 Under-feed arrangements F23K0003120000 feeding by piston F23K0003140000 feeding by screw F23K0003160000 Over-feed arrangements F23K0003180000 Spreader stokers F23K0003200000 with moving hoppers F23K0003220000 Controlling thickness of fuel bed F23K0005000000 Feeding other fuel to combustion apparatus F23L AIR SUPPLY; DRAUGHT-INDUCING; SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID OR GAS (air-supply arrangements for fluent fuels F23C;dampers and throat restrictors for open fire-places F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts F24) F23L0001000000 Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion F23L0001020000 by discharging the air below the fire F23L0003000000 Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire F23L0005000000 Blast-producing apparatus before the fire F23L0005020000 Arrangements of fans or blowers (fans or blowers per se F04);; F23L0005040000 by induction of air for combustion, e.g. using steam jet F23L0007000000 Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam F23L0009000000 Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel F23L0009020000 by discharging the air above the fire F23L0009040000 by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet F23L0009060000 by discharging the air into the fire bed F23L0011000000 Arrangements of valves or dampers after the fire F23L0011020000 for reducing draught by admission of air to flues F23L0013000000 Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught (in general F16K);; F23L0013020000 pivoted about a single axis but having no other movement (formed as linked slats each pivoted about an axis F23L0013080000);; F23L0013040000 with axis perpendicular to face F23L0013060000 slidable only F23L0013080000 operating as a roller blind; operating as a venetian blind F23L0013100000 having a compound movement involving both sliding and pivoting F23L0015000000 Heating of air supplied for combustion F23L0015020000 Arrangements of regenerators F23L0015040000 Arrangements of recuperators F23L0017000000 Inducing draught F23L0017020000 Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues F23L0017040000 Balanced-flue arrangements, i.e. devices which combine air inlet to combustion unit with smoke outlet F23L0017060000 branched; T-headed F23L0017080000 with coaxial cones or louvres F23L0017100000 wherein the top moves as a whole F23L0017120000 Devices for fastening the top or terminal to chimney, shaft, or flue F23L0017140000 Draining devices F23L0017160000 Induction apparatus, e.g. steam jet, acting on combustion products beyond the fire F23M COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS (construction or support of tube walls for steam boilers F22B;for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R) F23M0001000000 Types of combustion chambers F23M0001020000 annular F23M0001040000 rotary F23M0001060000 shaft-type, i. e chambers containing a deep bed of fuel with respect to diameter F23M0001100000 in which combustion residues are removed in solid form F23M0001120000 in which combustion residues are removed in liquid form F23M0003000000 Firebridges (baffles not confining the fire F23M0009060000);; F23M0003020000 modified for circulation of fluids, e.g. air, steam, water F23M0003040000 for delivery of gas, e.g. air, steam F23M0003060000 into or towards fire F23M0003080000 away from fire, e.g. towards smoke outlet F23M0003100000 transversely F23M0003120000 characterised by shape or construction (F23M0003020000 takes precedence);; F23M0003140000 with apertures for passage of combustion products F23M0003160000 built-up in sections, e.g. using bars or blocks F23M0003180000 double; multiple F23M0003200000 comprising loose refractory material, wholly or in part F23M0003220000 movable; adjustable F23M0005000000 Casings; Linings; Walls (casings, linings, or walls of heat-treatment chambers of ovens, kilns, or retorts F27D);; F23M0005020000 characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used (materials per se C04B0033000000, C04B0035000000);; F23M0005040000 Supports for linings F23M0005060000 Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers (F23M0005020000, F23M0005040000 take precedence);; F23M0005080000 Cooling thereof; Tube walls F23M0007000000 Doors specially adapted for combustion chambers (in general E06B;for flues or smoke-boxes F23J0013080000) F23M0007020000 Frames therefor F23M0007040000 Cooling doors or door frames F23M0009000000 Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields F23M0009020000 in air inlets F23M0009040000 with air-supply passages in the baffle or shield F23M0009060000 in fire-boxes F23M0009080000 Helical or twisted baffles or deflectors F23M0009100000 Baffles or deflectors formed as tubes, e.g. in water-tube boilers (interconnection of such tubes in boilers for fluid flow F22);; F23M0011000000 Safety arrangements (by controlling combustion F23N0005240000);; F23M0011020000 Preventing emission of flames or hot gases, or admission of air, through working or charging apertures F23M0011040000 Means for supervising combustion, e.g. window (alarm systems G08B);; F23N REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION (regulating in general G05);; F23N0001000000 Regulating fuel supply F23N0001020000 conjointly with air supply F23N0001040000 conjointly with air supply and with draught F23N0001060000 conjointly with draught F23N0001080000 conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water F23N0001100000 and with air supply or draught F23N0003000000 Regulating air supply or draught (conjointly with fuel supply F23N0001000000);; F23N0003020000 Regulating draught by direct pressure operation of single valves or dampers F23N0003040000 by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature-sensitive elements F23N0003060000 by conjoint operation of two or more valves or dampers (F23N0003080000 takes precedence);; F23N0003080000 by power-assisted systems F23N0005000000 Systems for controlling combustion (F23N0001000000, F23N0003000000 take precedence);; F23N0005020000 using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium F23N0005040000 using bimetallic elements F23N0005060000 using bellows; using diaphragms F23N0005080000 using light-sensitive elements F23N0005100000 using thermocouples F23N0005120000 using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods F23N0005140000 using thermo-sensitive resistors F23N0005160000 using noise-sensitive detectors F23N0005180000 using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel F23N0005200000 with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays F23N0005220000 with a time programme acting through mechanical means, e.g. using cams F23N0005240000 Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements (F23N0005020000-F23N0005180000; take precedence);; F23N0005260000 Details F23Q IGNITION (of cigarettes or tobacco A24F;explosive or thermic compositions C06B; chemical igniters C06C; devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines F02P); EXTINGUISHING DEVICES F23Q0001000000 Mechanical igniters (lighters containing fuel F23Q0002000000;matches C06F) F23Q0001020000 using friction or shock effects F23Q0001040000 on a part moved by the fuel-controlling member, e.g. by a tap on a gas cooker F23Q0001060000 Portable igniters F23Q0002000000 Lighters containing fuel, e.g. for cigarettes F23Q0002020000 Lighters with liquid fuel F23Q0002040000 with cerium-iron alloy and wick F23Q0002060000 with friction wheel F23Q0002080000 with ignition by spring action of the cover F23Q0002100000 with other friction member F23Q0002120000 with cerium-iron alloy without wick F23Q0002140000 with cerium-iron alloy and torch ignited by striking or pushing F23Q0002160000 Lighters with gaseous fuel, e.g. the gas being stored in liquid phase F23Q0002180000 Lighters with solid fuel F23Q0002200000 with cerium-iron alloy and friction wheel F23Q0002220000 with cerium-iron alloy and tinder F23Q0002240000 with ignition pills or strips with inflammable parts F23Q0002260000 combined with liquid-fuel lighters F23Q0002280000 Lighters characterised by electrical ignition of the fuel (lighters with electrically-produced sparks but without fuel F23Q0003000000);; F23Q0002300000 Lighters characterised by catalytic ignition of fuel (catalytic igniters without fuel C06C);; F23Q0002320000 Lighters characterised by being combined with other objects (combinations with smokers' equipment A24F);; F23Q0002340000 Component parts or accessories F23Q0002360000 Casings F23Q0002380000 with containers for flints or tools F23Q0002400000 Cover fastenings F23Q0002420000 Fuel containers; Closures for fuel containers F23Q0002440000 Wicks; Wick guides or fastenings F23Q0002460000 Friction wheels; Arrangement of friction wheels F23Q0002480000 Flints (composition, manufacture C06C0015000000);;Guides for, or arrangements of, flints F23Q0002500000 Protecting coverings F23Q0002520000 Filling devices (in general B67D);; F23Q0003000000 Igniters using electrically-produced sparks (sparking-plugs H01T0013000000);; F23Q0003010000 Hand-held lighters, e.g. for cigarettes F23Q0005000000 Make-and-break ignition, i.e. with spark generated between electrodes by breaking contact therebetween (specially adapted for internal-combustion engines F02P0015000000);; F23Q0007000000 Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes (circuits therefor H01T0015000000);;Electrically-heated glowing plugs F23Q0007020000 for igniting solid fuel F23Q0007040000 with fans for transfer of heat to fuel F23Q0007060000 structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners (lighters containing fuel F23Q0002000000);; F23Q0007080000 for evaporating and igniting liquid fuel, e.g. in hurricane lanterns F23Q0007100000 for gaseous fuel, e.g. in welding appliances F23Q0007120000 actuated by gas-controlling device F23Q0007140000 Portable igniters F23Q0007160000 with built-in battery F23Q0007180000 with built-in generator F23Q0007200000 with built-in mains transformer F23Q0007220000 Details F23Q0007240000 Safety arrangements F23Q0007260000 Provision for re-ignition F23Q0009000000 Pilot flame igniters F23Q0009020000 without interlock with main fuel supply F23Q0009040000 for upright burners, e.g. gas-cooker burners F23Q0009060000 for inverted burners, e.g. gas lamps F23Q0009080000 with interlock with main fuel supply F23Q0009100000 to determine the sequence of supply of fuel to pilot and main burners F23Q0009120000 to permit the supply to the main burner in dependence upon existence of pilot flame F23Q0009140000 using electric means, e.g. by light-sensitive elements F23Q0011000000 Arrangement of catalytic igniters (catalytic igniters per se C06C);; F23Q0011040000 at the burner F23Q0011060000 remote from the burner, e.g. on the chimney of a lamp F23Q0011080000 on a part moved by the fuel-controlling member F23Q0011100000 and moving out of the flame after ignition F23Q0013000000 Igniters not otherwise provided for F23Q0013020000 using gas burners, e.g. gas pokers F23Q0013040000 using portable burners, e.g. torches, fire pots F23Q0021000000 Devices for effecting ignition from a remote location F23Q0023000000 Testing of ignition installations (peculiar to internal-combustion engines F02P0017000000);; F23Q0023020000 Testing of ignition timing F23Q0023080000 Testing of components (of sparking-plugs G01M);; F23Q0023100000 electrically F23Q0025000000 Extinguishing devices, e.g. for blowing-out or snuffing candle flames (for cigarettes A24F);; F23R GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (using such products for specific purposes, see the relevant classes for the purposes;chemical aspects of gas production C06D0005000000) F23R0001000000 Generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity (combustion chambers characterised by their association with the turbine of compressor of a gas-turbine plant F02C);; F23R0001020000 using liquid or gaseous fuel F23R0001040000 with continuous combustion F23R0001060000 in a fluid-jacketed combustion chamber F23R0001080000 the fluid being gaseous F23R0001100000 the jacket having apertures for secondary or tertiary air, i.e. flame tube F23R0001120000 with explosive or intermittent combustion F23R0001140000 using solid or pulverulent fuel F23R0001160000 with separate oxidant supply F23R0001180000 the fuel and oxidant being combined F24 HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING (protecting plants by heating in gardens, orchards, or forests A01G0013060000;baking ovens and apparatus A21B; cooking devices other than ranges A47J; specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant sub-classes of classes B60-B64; combustion apparatus in general F23; drying F26B; ovens in general F27; electric heating elements and arrangements H05B) F24B DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS F24B0001000000 Stoves or ranges F24B0001020000 Closed stoves F24B0001040000 built-up from glazed tiles (F24B0001080000, F24B0001140000 take precedence);; F24B0001060000 Construction of tiles or bracing means therefor, e.g. shim liner (forming of tiles B28B;glazing of tiles C04B) F24B0001080000 with fuel storage in a single undivided hopper within stove or range F24B0001100000 with combustion in horizontal direction (F24B0001140000 takes precedence);; F24B0001140000 with predistillation in the hopper F24B0001160000 with fuel storage in multiple or divided hoppers within the stove or range F24B0001180000 Stoves with open fires F24B0001200000 Ranges F24B0001220000 in which the baking oven is arranged above the fire-box F24B0001240000 with built-in masses for heat storage or heat insulation F24B0001260000 Stoves with additional provision for cooking F24B0001280000 Combined installations of stoves or ranges, e.g. back-to-back stoves with a common fire-box F24B0003000000 Heaters not covered by group F24B0001000000, e.g. charcoal brazier(for cooking A47J0027000000-A47J0037000000); F24B0005000000 Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges (control devices for open fires F24B0011000000);; F24B0005020000 in or around stoves F24B0005040000 the air or gas passing downwards through the bottom of the stove or fire grate F24B0005060000 in or around ranges F24B0005080000 around the baking oven F24B0007000000 Stoves, ranges, or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating (heating units solely used for convection heating F24H0003000000);; F24B0007020000 with external air ducts F24B0007040000 with internal air ducts F24B0007060000 without air ducts F24B0009000000 Stoves, ranges, or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for heating water (mounting arrangements of water heaters or water-heating elements in stoves or ranges F24H0001040000;heating units using exhaust gases for heating water F24H0001460000) F24B0009020000 in open containers, e.g. bain-marie F24B0009040000 in closed containers, e.g. open fire with back boiler F24B0011000000 Control devices for regulating combustion in open fires, e.g. for admission of combustion air (flue dampers F23L;for regulating combustion in closed stoves or ranges F23N; control devices or systems in general G05) F24B0013000000 Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels (removing ash F23J0001000000, F23J0003000000;joints or connections with chimneys F23J0013040000; mouths or inlet holes for chimneys F23J0013060000; means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows, F23M0011040000) F24B0013020000 Arrangement or mounting of fire-grate assemblies (grates F23H);;Arrangement or mounting of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-back (ceramic materials per se C04B0033000000, C04B0035000000;casings, linings, walls for combustion chambers F23M) F24B0013040000 Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers (feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus in general F23K);; F24C OTHER DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES AND RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (radiator stoves of the fluid-circulating type F24H);; F24C0001000000 Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of groups ; F24C0003000000-F24C0009000000; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified F24C0001020000 adapted for the use of two or more kinds of fuel or energy supply (F24C0001160000 takes precedence;combinations of two or more stoves or ranges each having a different kind of fuel or energy supply F24C0011000000) F24C0001040000 simultaneously F24C0001060000 by replacing parts, e.g. replacing burner by electric heater F24C0001080000 solely adapted for radiation heating (F24C0001160000 takes precedence);; F24C0001100000 with reflectors F24C0001120000 of circular shape F24C0001140000 Radiation heating stoves or ranges, with additional provision for convection heating (F24C0001020000, F24C0001160000 take precedence;solely adapted for convection heating F24H) F24C0001160000 with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible F24C0003000000 Stoves or ranges for gaseous fuels F24C0003020000 with heat produced solely by flame (F24C0003140000 takes precedence);; F24C0003040000 with heat produced wholly or partly by a radiant body, e.g. by a perforated plate (F24C0003140000 takes precedence);; F24C0003060000 without any visible flame F24C0003080000 Arrangement or mounting of burners (burners per se F23D);; F24C0003100000 Arrangement or mounting of ignition devices (ignition devices per se F23Q);; F24C0003120000 Arrangement or mounting of control and safety devices (control valves per se F16K;safety devices for burners F23D; regulating or controlling combustion F23N; control devices per se G05) F24C0003140000 with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible F24C0005000000 Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels F24C0005020000 with evaporation burners, e.g. dish type (F24C0005200000 takes precedence);; F24C0005040000 wick type F24C0005060000 adjustable F24C0005080000 with heat produced wholly or partly by a radiant body F24C0005100000 with atomising burners (F24C0005200000 takes precedence);; F24C0005120000 Arrangement or mounting of burners (burners per se F23D);; F24C0005140000 Arrangement or mounting of ignition devices (ignition devices per se F23Q);; F24C0005160000 Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control valves per se F16K;safety devices for burners F23D; regulating or controlling combustion F23N; control devices per se G05) F24C0005180000 Liquid-fuel supply arrangements forming parts of stoves or ranges (feeding liquid fuel to combustion apparatus in general F23K);; F24C0005200000 with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible F24C0007000000 Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy (electric heating elements or arrangements H05B);; F24C0007020000 using microwaves F24C0007040000 with heat radiated directly from the heating element (F24C0007100000 takes precedence);; F24C0007060000 Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements F24C0007080000 Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control devices per se G05;switches H01H; circuit arrangements for electric heating H05B) F24C0007100000 with special adaptation for travelling, e.g. collapsible F24C0009000000 Stoves or ranges heated by a single type of energy supply not covered by groups F24C0003000000-F24C0007000000; or subclass F24B; (using the heat from an exothermal reaction not involving a supply of free oxygen gas, using solar energy F24J);; F24C0011000000 Combinations of two or more stoves or ranges, e.g. each having a different kind of energy supply F24C0013000000 Stoves or ranges with additional provisions for heating water (mounting arrangements of water heaters of water-heating elements F24H0001040000);; F24C0015000000 Details F24C0015020000 Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges (in general E06B;for combustion chambers F23M) F24C0015040000 with transparent panels F24C0015060000 Ornamental features, e.g. grate front, surround F24C0015080000 Foundations or support plates; Legs or pillars; Casings; Wheels (F24C0015100000 takes precedence);; F24C0015100000 Tops, e.g. hot plate; Rings (F24C0015120000, F24C0015140000 take precedence);; F24C0015120000 Side rests; Side plates; Cover lids; Splash guards; Racks outside ovens, e.g. for drying plates F24C0015140000 Spillage trays or grooves F24C0015160000 Shelves, racks, or trays inside ovens; Supports therefor F24C0015180000 Arrangement of compartments additional to cooking compartments, e.g. for warming, for storing utensils or fuel containers; Arrangement of additional heating or cooking apparatus, e.g. grills (grills per se A47J);; F24C0015200000 Removing cooking fumes (by means separate from the stove or range A47J0036380000);; F24C0015220000 Reflectors for radiation heaters F24C0015240000 Radiant bodies or panels for radiation heaters (gas burners for producing infra-red radiation F23D0013120000);; F24C0015260000 Handles for carrying F24C0015280000 Draught shields F24C0015300000 Arrangements for mounting stoves or ranges in particular locations F24C0015320000 Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens F24C0015340000 Elements or arrangements for heat storage or insulation F24C0015360000 Protective guards, e.g. for preventing access to heated parts F24D DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS (preventing corrosion C23F;water supply in general E03; elements and components of the systems F24H; combined heating and refrigeration systems F25B; removing furring F28G; control in general G05) F24D0001000000 Steam central heating systems (F24D0011000000 takes precedence);; F24D0001020000 operating with live steam F24D0001040000 operating with exhaust steam F24D0001060000 operating with superheated steam F24D0001080000 Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for one-pipe system F24D0003000000 Hot-water systems (F24D0011000000 takes precedence);; F24D0003020000 with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps (pump constructions F04);; F24D0003040000 with the water under high pressure F24D0003060000 Arrangements or devices for maintaining high pressure F24D0003080000 in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply F24D0003100000 Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks F24D0005000000 Hot-air systems (F24D0011000000 takes precedence;conditioning of air F24F); Exhaust-gas central heating systems F24D0005020000 operating with discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated F24D0005040000 with return of the air to the air heater F24D0005060000 operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated F24D0005080000 with hot air led through radiators F24D0005100000 with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor, or ceiling F24D0007000000 Systems employing heat-transfer fluids not covered by groups F24D0001000000-F24D0005000000, e.g. oil, salt, gas(F24D0011000000 takes precedence);; F24D0009000000 Combinations of the systems covered by two or more of groups F24D0001000000-F24D0007000000; (F24D0011000000 takes precedence);; F24D0009020000 Combinations of hot-water and steam systems F24D0011000000 Systems using heat accumulated in storage masses F24D0011020000 using heat pumps F24D0012000000 Other central heating systems F24D0013000000 Electric heating systems F24D0013020000 solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating F24D0013040000 using electric heating of heat-transfer fluid in separate units of the system F24D0015000000 Heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters (F24D0013000000 takes precedence);;Other space-heating systems F24D0017000000 Domestic hot-water supply systems (combined with domestic- or space-heating systems F24D0001000000-F24D0015000000); F24F AIR-CONDITIONING; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING (devices for ventilating greenhouses A01G;disinfecting or sterilising of air A61L; devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms or for ventilating gas-proof shelters A62B; filtering, washing or drying of gases B01D; humidifying gases B01F0003020000; B01F0003040000; spraying B05B, B05D; removing dirt or fumes from areas where they are produced B08B0015000000; production of ozone C01B0013100000; chimneys or flues E04F0017020000, E04H0012280000, F23J0011000000, F23L0017020000; air ducts or conduits E04F0017040000, F16L; ventilation in doors or windows E06B0007020000; fans, blowers F04; noise-absorbing in pipes or pipe systems F16L; tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts F23L; cooling F25; ventilation or air-conditioning specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes); F24F0001000000 Room units, e.g. receiving primary air from a central station F24F0001020000 Self-contained, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing F24F0001040000 Arrangements for portability F24F0003000000 Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems (room units F24F0001000000;construction of heat-exchangers F28) F24F0003020000 characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air F24F0003040000 operating with high pressure or high velocity F24F0003060000 characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units (F24F0003020000 takes precedence);; F24F0003080000 with separate supply and return lines for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids F24F0003100000 with separate supply lines and common return line for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids F24F0003120000 characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling (F24F0003020000, F24F0003060000 take precedence;apparatus for the individual treatment, see the appropriate sub-classes for the treatments); F24F0003140000 by humidification; by dehumidification F24F0003160000 by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation F24F0005000000 Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by group ; F24F0001000000; or F24F0003000000 F24F0007000000 Ventilation F24F0007020000 Roof ventilation (sky-lights E04D0013030000);; F24F0007040000 with ducting systems F24F0007060000 with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan F24F0009000000 Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtain F24F0011000000 Control or safety systems or apparatus (control valves per se F16K;controlling in general G05) F24F0011020000 Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices F24F0011040000 solely for controlling the volume of air (F24F0011080000 takes precedence);; F24F0011060000 solely for controlling the supply of heating or cooling fluids for secondary treatment (F24F0011080000 takes procedence);; F24F0011080000 for controlling the primary treatment of air F24F0013000000 Details common to air-conditioning, ventilation, and use of air currents for screening F24F0013020000 Ducting arrangements F24F0013040000 Air-mixing units (F24F0013060000 takes precedence;mixing gases in general B01F0003020000) F24F0013060000 Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser F24F0013080000 Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps, guide plates (F24F0013060000 takes precedence;roof ventilators F24F0007020000) F24F0013100000 movable, e.g. damper (F24F0013180000 takes precedence;valves in general F16K) F24F0013120000 built-up of sliding members F24F0013140000 built-up of tilting members, e.g. louvre F24F0013160000 built-up of parallelly-movable plates F24F0013180000 specially adapted for insertion in flat panels, e.g. in door or window-pane F24H WATER HEATERS; AIR HEATERS OR CONVECTION TYPE; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS OF DOMESTIC-HEATING OR HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS (control valves per se F16K;devices for venting or aerating F16K0024000000; steam traps or like apparatus F16T; steam boilers F22; combustion apparatus F23; construction of radiator or other heat-exchange elements F28F; control devices per se G05; electric heating elements or arrangements H05B) F24H0001000000 Water heaters, e.g. water-heating stove, boiler, flow-heater, water-storage heater; Heaters for liquids other than water, for central heating (F24H0007000000, F24H0009000000 take precedence;boilers for steam generation F22; such heaters combined with additional stoves or ranges F24B, F24C) F24H0001040000 Mounting arrangements of water heaters or water-heating elements in domestic stoves or ranges F24H0001060000 Portable or mobile, e.g. collapsible F24H0001080000 Packaged or self-contained boilers, i.e. water heaters with control devices and pump in a single unit F24H0001100000 Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium F24H0001120000 in which the water is separated from the heating medium F24H0001140000 by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form F24H0001160000 bent in the form of coils F24H0001180000 Water-storage heaters (combined with water-heating stoves for central heating F24H0001220000);; F24H0001200000 with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements F24H0001220000 Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water-heating stove for central heating F24H0001240000 with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers (F24H0001440000 takes precedence);; F24H0001260000 the water mantle forming an integral body F24H0001280000 including one or more fire tubes, i.e. tubes containing fires or combustion products F24H0001300000 the water mantle being built-up from sections F24H0001320000 with vertical sections arranged side by side F24H0001340000 with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side (F24H0001240000, F24H0001440000 take precedence);; F24H0001360000 the water chamber including one or more fire tubes F24H0001380000 with water contained in separate elements, e.g. radiator-type element (F24H0001400000, F24H0001440000 take precedence);; F24H0001400000 with water tube or tubes, e.g coiled (F24H0001440000 takes precedence);; F24H0001420000 in bundles F24H0001440000 with combinations of two or more of the types of arrangements covered by groups ; F24H0001240000-F24H0001400000 F24H0001460000 the heat being derived from steam or hot gas, e.g. exhaust gases (F24H0001280000 takes precedence);; F24H0003000000 Air heaters (F24H0007000000 takes precedence;details F24H0009000000; stoves or ranges with additional provisions for convection heating of air F24B, F24C) F24H0003020000 with forced circulation (F24H0003120000 takes precedence);; F24H0003040000 the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element F24H0003060000 the air being kept separated from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators F24H0003080000 by tubes F24H0003100000 by plates F24H0003120000 with additional heating arrangements F24H0003140000 the heat being derived from steam or hot gas, e.g. exhaust gases F24H0006000000 Combined water and air heaters F24H0007000000 Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release F24H0007020000 the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid, e.g. air, water F24H0007040000 with forced circulation F24H0007060000 the released heat being radiated F24H0009000000 Details F24H0009020000 Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels F24H0009040000 for radiators F24H0009060000 Arrangement of mountings or supports, e.g. bracket, leg F24H0009080000 for installation of heaters on ceilings, floors or walls, e.g. panel units F24H0009100000 in skirtings F24H0009120000 Connecting heaters to circulation pipes (pipe joints in general F16L);; F24H0009140000 Connecting different sections, e.g. in water heater (in radiators F28F0009260000);; F24H0009160000 Arrangements for water drainage (in pipes or pipe systems in general F16L0055000000);; F24H0009180000 Arrangement or mounting of grates, burners, or heating elements (burners F23D;grates F23H; electric heating elements H05B) F24H0009200000 Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control devices per se F16K; G05; safety devices for burners F23D; combustion control devices F23N) F24J PRODUCING HEAT, USING HEAT, OR HEATING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (engines or other mechanisms for producing mechanical power from heat, see the relevant classes, e.g. F03G for using solar energy);; F24J0001000000 Exothermal chemical reactions not involving a supply of free oxygen gas; Apparatus or devices, e.g. stoves or ranges, for using the heat therefrom F24J0001020000 the reactions involving chemically-bound oxygen F24J0001040000 the reactions involving combination of elements other than oxygen F24J0003000000 Other production of heat, use of heat, or heating F24J0003020000 Using natural heat, e.g. solar; Stoves or ranges using solar heat F24J0003040000 Producing or using heat not derived from combustion (F24J0003020000 takes precedence);; F25 REFRIGERATION AND COOLING; MANUFACTURE AND STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION AND SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES F25B REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS, OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS, e.g. HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (pumps, compressors F04;use of heat pumps for domestic heating F24D; use of refrigeration in air-conditioning F24F) F25B0001000000 Compression refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, with non-reversible cycle (F25B0003000000, F25B0005000000, F25B0007000000, F25B0009000000 take precedence);; F25B0001020000 with compressor of reciprocating-piston type (F25B0001100000 takes precedence);; F25B0001040000 with compressor of rotary type (F25B0001100000 takes precedence);; F25B0001060000 with compressor of jet type, e.g. using liquid under pressure (F25B0001100000 takes precedence);; F25B0001080000 using steam under pressure F25B0001100000 with multi-stage compression (with cascade operation F25B0007000000);; F25B0003000000 Self-contained rotary compression refrigeration machines, i.e. with compressor, condenser, and evaporator rotating as a single unit F25B0005000000 Compression refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity (with cascade operation F25B0007000000);; F25B0007000000 Compression refrigeration machines, plants, and systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit (F25B0009000000 takes precedence);; F25B0009000000 Compression refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point F25B0009020000 using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect F25B0011000000 Compression refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines F25B0013000000 Compression refrigeration machines, plants, and systems, with reversible cycle, e.g. for use as heat pumps F25B0015000000 Sorption refrigeration machines, plants, and systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type F25B0015020000 without inert gas (F25B0015120000, F25B0015140000, F25B0015160000 take precedence);; F25B0015040000 the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution F25B0015060000 the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide F25B0015080000 the refrigerant being sulphuric acid F25B0015100000 with inert gas (F25B0015120000, F25B0015140000, F25B0015160000 take precedence);; F25B0015120000 with resorber (F25B0015140000 takes precedence);; F25B0015140000 using osmosis F25B0015160000 using desorption cycle F25B0017000000 Sorption refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type F25B0017020000 the absorbent or adsorbent being a liquid, e.g. brine (F25B0017100000 takes precedence);; F25B0017040000 with two or more boilers operating alternately F25B0017060000 with the boiler and evaporator built-up as a unit in a tiltable or revolving arrangement F25B0017080000 the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt F25B0017100000 using the endothermic solution of salt F25B0019000000 Refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour F25B0019020000 using fluid jet, e.g. of steam F25B0019040000 using liquid jet, e.g. of water F25B0021000000 Refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, using electric or magnetic effects F25B0021020000 using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect (thermoelectric elements H01L0035000000, H01L0037000000);; F25B0023000000 Refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups ; F25B0001000000-F25B0021000000, e.g. using selective radiation effect F25B0025000000 Refrigeration machines, plants, and systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B0001000000-F25B0023000000; (combinations of two or more modes of operation covered by a single main group, see the relevant group);; F25B0025020000 Compression-sorption machines, plants, and systems F25B0027000000 Refrigeration machines, plants, or systems, using particular sources of energy F25B0027020000 using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines F25B0029000000 Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. heat-pump systems F25B0031000000 Compressor arrangements (compressors per se F04);; F25B0031020000 of motor-compressor units F25B0033000000 Boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers (boiler-absorbers F25B0035000000);; F25B0035000000 Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption F25B0035020000 using a liquid as sorbent, e.g. brine F25B0035040000 using a solid as sorbent F25B0037000000 Absorbers; Adsorbers (boiler-absorbers F25B0035000000;absorption or adsorption in general B01J0001220000) F25B0039000000 Evaporators; Condensers F25B0039020000 Evaporators F25B0039040000 Condensers F25B0041000000 Fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. for transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler (pumps per se, sealings therefor F04);; F25B0041020000 using electro-osmosis F25B0041040000 Disposition of valves (valves per se F16K);; F25B0041060000 Flow restrictors, e.g. capillary tubes; Disposition thereof F25B0043000000 Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids (in analysers or rectifiers F25B0033000000);;Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat F25B0043020000 for separating lubricants from the refrigerant F25B0043040000 for withdrawing non-condensible gases F25B0045000000 Arrangements for charging and discharging refrigerant F25B0047000000 Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another sub-class F25B0049000000 Arrangement or mounting of control and safety devices (testing refrigerators G01M;control in general G05) F25C PRODUCTION, WORKING, STORING, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ICE (frozen sweets, including ice-cream, their production A23G0009000000;concentrating solutions by removing frozen solvents B01D0009040000; purification of water by freezing C02B0001120000; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; solidification of gases or gaseous mixtures F25J; freeze-drying F26B) F25C0001000000 Production of ice (F25C0003000000 takes precedence);; F25C0001020000 production of natural ice, i.e. without refrigeration F25C0001040000 by using stationary moulds F25C0001060000 open or openable at both ends F25C0001080000 by immersing freezing chambers or plates into water F25C0001100000 by using rotating or otherwise moving moulds (F25C0001080000 takes precedence);; F25C0001120000 by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs F25C0001140000 to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes F25C0001160000 by partially evaporating water in a vacuum F25C0001180000 Devices for the production of translucent ice, e.g. by injecting air F25C0001200000 by stirring F25C0001220000 Construction of moulds; Filling devices therefor (metering by volume in general G01F);; F25C0001240000 for refrigerators, e.g. freezing trays F25C0003000000 Production of ice or snow for the purposes specified in the sub-groups F25C0003020000 for ice rinks (shape of rinks A63C0019100000;construction of rinks E01C) F25C0003040000 for sledging or ski trails; Production of artificial snow (shape of trails A63C0019100000;construction of trails E01C) F25C0005000000 Working or distributing ice F25C0005020000 Tools or machines for disintegrating, removing, or harvesting ice F25C0005040000 without the use of saws F25C0005060000 by deforming bodies with which the ice is in contact, e.g. by inflatable members F25C0005080000 by heating bodies in contact with the ice F25C0005100000 using hot refrigerant; using fluid heated by refrigerant F25C0005120000 Ice-shaving machines F25C0005140000 Tools or machines for shaping or finishing ice pieces, e.g. ice presses F25C0005160000 Tools or devices for ice handling not covered by any other sub-class F25C0005180000 Storing ice F25D REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT COVERED BY ANY OTHER SUB-CLASS (refrigerated show cases A47F0003040000;refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate sub-classes of classes B60-B64; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use B65D; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases F17C; air-conditioning, ventilation F24F; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; cooling of instruments and comparable apparatus without refrigeration G12B; cooling of engines or pumps, see the relevant classes); F25D0001000000 Devices using naturally-cold air or water F25D0001020000 using naturally-cold water, e.g. household-tap water F25D0003000000 Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies F25D0003020000 using ice, e.g. ice-boxes F25D0003040000 Stationary cabinets F25D0003060000 Movable containers F25D0003080000 portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally F25D0003100000 using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air F25D0003120000 using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow F25D0003140000 portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally F25D0005000000 Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures F25D0005020000 portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally F25D0007000000 Devices using evaporation effects without recovery of the vapour (butter or cheese dishes with cooling devices A47G0019260000);; F25D0009000000 Devices not covered by groups ; F25D0001000000-F25D0007000000; Combinations of devices covered by two or more of the groups ; F25D0001000000-F25D0007000000 F25D0011000000 Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerator F25D0011020000 with cooling compartments at different temperatures F25D0011040000 specially adapted for storing deep-frozen articles (F25D0011020000 takes precedence);; F25D0013000000 Stationary devices, e.g. cold rooms F25D0013020000 with several cooling compartments, e.g. refrigerated locker systems F25D0013040000 the compartments being at different temperatures F25D0013060000 with conveyers carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space F25D0015000000 Devices not covered by group ; F25D0011000000; or F25D0013000000, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices F25D0017000000 Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating air within refrigerated spaces F25D0017020000 for circulating liquids, e.g. brine F25D0017040000 for circulating air, e.g. by natural convection F25D0017060000 by forced circulation F25D0017080000 using ducts F25D0019000000 Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices F25D0019020000 plug-in type F25D0019040000 with more than one refrigeration unit F25D0021000000 Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water F25D0021020000 Detecting the presence of frost and condensate F25D0021040000 Preventing the formation of frost and condensate F25D0021060000 Removing frost (by special defrost cycle of the refrigeration system F25B);; F25D0021080000 by electric heating F25D0021100000 by spraying with fluid F25D0021120000 by hot-fluid circulating system separate from the refrigerant system F25D0021140000 Collecting and removing condensed and defrost water; Drip trays F25D0023000000 General constructional features (F25D0021000000 takes precedence);; F25D0023020000 Doors; Covers (F25D0023080000 takes precedence);; F25D0023040000 with special compartments, e.g. butter conditioners F25D0023060000 Walls (F25D0023080000 takes precedence);; F25D0023080000 Parts formed wholly or mainly of plastics materials F25D0023100000 Arrangements for mounting in particular locations, e.g. for built-in type, for corner type F25D0023120000 Arrangements of compartments additional to cooling compartments; Combinations of refrigerators with other equipment, e.g. stove F25D0025000000 Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled F25D0025020000 by shelves (in general A47B0096020000);; F25D0025040000 by conveyers (in general B65G);; F25D0027000000 Lighting arrangements (in general F21);; F25D0029000000 Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices (control devices per se G05);; F25D0031000000 Other cooling or freezing apparatus F25J LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION, OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT (gas storage vessels, gas-holders F17;decantation and vaporisation of liquefied, or solidified gases F17C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B) F25J0001000000 Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures F25J0001020000 requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen F25J0003000000 Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification F25J0003020000 by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream (F25J0003080000 takes precedence);; F25J0003040000 for air F25J0003060000 by partial condensation (F25J0003080000 takes precedence;by rectification F25J0003020000) F25J0003080000 Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures (separating dispersed particles B01D);; F25J0005000000 Arrangements of cold-exchangers or cold-accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants (heat-exchangers per se F28C, F28D, F28F);; F26 DRYING F26B DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM (racks for drying fruit and vegetables A01F0025120000;drying foodstuffs A23; drying hair A45D0020000000; body-drying implements A47K0010000000; drying household articles A47L; drying gases and vapours B01D; chemical or physical processes for dewatering and like separating liquids from solids B01D0043000000; centrifugal apparatus B04; drying ceramics C04B0033300000; drying yarns and fabrics in association with some other form of treatment D06C; drying frames for laundry without heating or positive air circulation D06F; domestic and like spin-dryers D06F; wringing and hot pressing laundry D06F; furnaces, kilns, ovens F27) F26B0001000000 Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying F26B0003000000 Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat (in specific machines and apparatus F26B0009000000-F26B0019000000); F26B0003020000 by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air F26B0003040000 the gas or vapour circulating over, or surrounding, the materials or objects to be dried (F26B0003140000 takes precedence);; F26B0003060000 the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried (F26B0003140000 takes precedence);; F26B0003080000 so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed F26B0003100000 the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it F26B0003120000 in the form of a spray F26B0003140000 the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity F26B0003160000 in a counter-flow of the gas or vapour F26B0003180000 by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact F26B0003200000 the heat source being a heated surface (F26B0003220000 takes precedence);; F26B0003220000 the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration F26B0003240000 the movement being rotation F26B0003260000 the movement being performed by gravity F26B0003280000 by radiation, e.g. from the sun F26B0003300000 from infra-red-emitting elements F26B0003320000 by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried F26B0003340000 by using electrical effects F26B0003360000 by using mechanical effects, e.g. by friction (by using ultrasonic vibration F26B0005020000);; F26B0005000000 Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat (separating liquids from solids by straining B01D;replacing liquids in wet solids by other liquids, e.g. water by spirit, B01D0012000000; drying by electrophoresis B01K) F26B0005020000 by using ultrasonic vibrations (generating mechanical vibrations in general B06B);; F26B0005040000 by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum F26B0005060000 the process involving freezing F26B0005080000 by centrifugal treatment F26B0005100000 the process involving freezing F26B0005120000 by suction F26B0005140000 by applying pressure, e.g. wringing; by brushing; by wiping F26B0005160000 by contact with sorbent bodies, e.g. absorbent mould; by admixture with sorbent materials F26B0007000000 Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups ; F26B0003000000 and F26B0005000000 F26B0009000000 Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards F26B0009020000 in buildings (special types of buildings E04H);; F26B0009040000 in presses and clamping devices F26B0009060000 in stationary drums or chambers F26B0009080000 including agitating devices F26B0009100000 in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material F26B0011000000 Machines and apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive F26B0011020000 in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles (F26B0011180000 takes precedence);; F26B0011040000 rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis F26B0011060000 with stirring devices which are held stationary F26B0011080000 rotating about a vertical or steeply-inclined axis F26B0011100000 with stirring devices which are held stationary F26B0011120000 in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices (F26B0011220000 takes precedence);; F26B0011140000 the stirring device moving in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane F26B0011160000 the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane F26B0011180000 on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles F26B0011200000 with stirring devices which are held stationary F26B0011220000 on or in stationary dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles, with moving stirring devices F26B0013000000 Machines or apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, and other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement (handling thin or filamentary materials in general B65H);; F26B0013020000 with movement in a straight line F26B0013040000 using rollers F26B0013060000 with movement in a sinuous or zig-zag path F26B0013080000 using rollers F26B0013100000 Arrangements for feeding, heating, or supporting materials; Regulating movement, tension, or position of materials (heating processes F26B0003000000);; F26B0013120000 Regulating movement, tension, or position of materials F26B0013140000 Rollers (sorbent surfaces F26B0013260000);; F26B0013160000 perforated (F26B0013180000 takes precedence;for applying suction F26B0013300000) F26B0013180000 heated; cooled F26B0013200000 Supporting materials by fluid jets, e.g. air F26B0013220000 Arrangements of gas flames F26B0013240000 Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating (processes per se F26B0005000000);; F26B0013260000 using sorbent surfaces, e.g. bands or coverings on rollers F26B0013280000 for applying pressure; for brushing; for wiping F26B0013300000 for applying suction, e.g. through perforated rollers F26B0015000000 Machines and apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines and apparatus with progressive movement (F26B0013000000, F26B0017000000 take precedence;conveyers in general B65G) F26B0015020000 with movement in the whole or part of a circle F26B0015040000 in a horizontal plane F26B0015060000 involving several planes, one above the other F26B0015080000 in a vertical plane F26B0015100000 with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound F26B0015120000 the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined F26B0015140000 the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks F26B0015160000 the objects or batches of materials being carried by wheeled trucks F26B0015180000 the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts F26B0015200000 the lines being all vertical or steeply inclined F26B0015220000 the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts F26B0015240000 in a zig-zag path F26B0015260000 with movement in a helical path F26B0017000000 Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement (F26B0013000000 takes precedence);; F26B0017020000 with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts propelling the materials over stationary surfaces F26B0017040000 the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined (F26B0017080000 takes precedence);; F26B0017060000 the belts being all vertical or steeply inclined (F26B0017080000 takes precedence);; F26B0017080000 the belts being arranged in a sinuous or zig-zag path F26B0017100000 with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle F26B0017120000 with movement performed solely by gravity F26B0017140000 the materials moving through a counter-current of gas F26B0017160000 the materials passing down a heated surface F26B0017180000 with movement performed by rotating helical blades and other rotary conveyers moving materials in stationary chambers F26B0017200000 the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined F26B0017220000 the axis of rotation being vertical or steeply inclined F26B0017240000 with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials F26B0017260000 with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyers propelling material over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays F26B0017280000 with movement performed by rollers or discs with material passing over or between them, e.g. suction drum, sieve F26B0017300000 with movement performed by rotary or oscillating containers; with movement performed by rotary floors F26B0017320000 the movement being in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane F26B0017340000 the movement being in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane F26B0019000000 Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups ; F26B0009000000-F26B0017000000 F26B0020000000 Combinations of machines or apparatus covered by two or more of groups ; F26B0009000000-F26B0019000000 F26B0021000000 Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects (air-conditioning and ventilation in general F24F);; F26B0021020000 Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure (F26B0021140000 takes precedence);; F26B0021040000 partly outside the drying enclosure F26B0021060000 Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply (F26B0021140000 takes precedence;control in general G05) F26B0021080000 humidity F26B0021100000 temperature; pressure F26B0021120000 velocity of flow; quantity of flow F26B0021140000 Using gases or vapours other than air or steam F26B0023000000 Heating arrangements (using heated air and gases F26B0021000000);; F26B0023020000 using combustion heating (F26B0023100000 takes precedence);; F26B0023040000 using electric heating (F26B0023100000 takes precedence);; F26B0023060000 resistance heating F26B0023080000 inductive heating; capacitative heating; microwave heating F26B0023100000 using tubes or passages containing heated fluids F26B0025000000 Details of general application not covered by group F26B0021000000; or F26B0023000000; (loading, conveying, and unloading in general B65G);; F26B0025020000 Applications of driving mechanisms, not covered by another sub-class F26B0025040000 Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices F26B0025060000 Chambers, containers, or receptacles F26B0025080000 Parts thereof F26B0025100000 Floors, roofs, or bottoms; False bottoms F26B0025120000 Walls or sides; Doors F26B0025140000 Chambers, containers, and receptacles of simple construction F26B0025160000 mainly closed, e.g. drum F26B0025180000 mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan F26B0025200000 Rollers (F26B0025060000 takes precedence);; F26B0025220000 Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects F27 FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned per se in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens A21B, coke or gas-making apparatus C10B, C10J, apparatus for craking hydrocarbons C10G, blast furnaces C21B, Bessemer converters for making steel C21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal C21D, enamelling ovens C23D, combustion apparatus F23, electric heating H05B);; F27B FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS F27B0001000000 Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces F27B0001020000 with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey F27B0001040000 Combinations or arrangements of shafts F27B0001060000 of other than up-draught type F27B0001080000 heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge F27B0001100000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types F27B0001120000 Shells or casings; Supports therefor F27B0001140000 Arrangements of linings (linings in general F27D0001000000);; F27B0001160000 Arrangements of tuyeres F27B0001180000 Arrangements of dust collectors F27B0001200000 Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging F27B0001220000 Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus (heat-exchangers in general F28C, F28D);; F27B0001240000 Cooling arrangements F27B0001260000 Arrangements of controlling devices F27B0001280000 Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices F27B0003000000 Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type (F27B0009000000, F27B0011000000, F27B0013000000, F27B0014000000, F27B0015000000, F27B0021000000 take precedence);;Tank furnaces F27B0003020000 of single-chamber fixed-hearth type F27B0003040000 of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces F27B0003060000 with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable F27B0003080000 heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat F27B0003100000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces F27B0003120000 Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor F27B0003140000 Arrangements of linings F27B0003160000 Walls; Roofs F27B0003180000 Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging F27B0003200000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0003220000 Arrangements of air or gas supply devices F27B0003240000 Cooling arrangements F27B0003260000 Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus F27B0005000000 Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated (F27B0009000000 takes precedence);; F27B0005020000 of multiple-chamber type F27B0005040000 adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere F27B0005060000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types F27B0005080000 Arrangements of linings F27B0005100000 Muffles F27B0005120000 Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging F27B0005140000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0005160000 Arrangements of air or gas supply devices F27B0007000000 Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined F27B0007020000 of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type F27B0007040000 with longitudinal divisions F27B0007060000 adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere F27B0007080000 externally heated F27B0007100000 internally heated, e.g. by means of passages in the wall F27B0007120000 tiltable F27B0007140000 with means for agitating or moving the charge F27B0007160000 the means being fixed relatively to the drum (F27B0007040000 takes precedence);; F27B0007180000 the means being movable within the drum F27B0007200000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces F27B0007220000 Rotary drums; Supports therefor F27B0007240000 Seals between rotary and stationary parts F27B0007260000 Drives F27B0007280000 Arrangements of linings F27B0007300000 Arrangements of partitions F27B0007320000 Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging F27B0007340000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0007360000 Arrangements of air or gas supply devices F27B0007380000 Arrangements of cooling devices F27B0009000000 Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type (F27B0007140000 takes precedence);;Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity F27B0009020000 of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces F27B0009040000 adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere F27B0009060000 heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated F27B0009080000 heated through chamber walls F27B0009100000 heated by hot air or gas F27B0009120000 with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge F27B0009140000 characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment (F27B0009280000 takes precedence;travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge F27D0003120000) F27B0009160000 the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path F27B0009180000 under the action of scrapers or pushers F27B0009200000 the charge moving in a substantially straight path F27B0009220000 under the action of scrapers or pushers (F27B0009260000 takes precedence);; F27B0009240000 being carried by a conveyer F27B0009260000 on or in trucks, sleds, or containers F27B0009280000 for treating continuous lengths of work F27B0009300000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types F27B0009320000 Casings F27B0009340000 Arrangements of linings F27B0009360000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0009380000 Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging F27B0009400000 Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices F27B0011000000 Bell-type furnaces F27B0011020000 inverted or side-facing; moving F27B0011040000 Multi-station furnaces F27B0011060000 adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere F27B0011080000 Single-station furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere F27B0011100000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces F27B0011120000 Arrangements of charging or discharging devices F27B0011140000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0013000000 Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge F27B0013020000 of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces F27B0013040000 of single-chamber type with temporary partitions F27B0013060000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type F27B0013080000 Casings F27B0013100000 Arrangements of linings F27B0013120000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0014000000 Crucible or pot furnaces F27B0014020000 with tilting or rocking arrangements (F27B0014040000 takes precedence);; F27B0014040000 adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere F27B0014060000 heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat (F27B0014040000 takes precedence);; F27B0014080000 Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces F27B0014100000 Crucibles F27B0014120000 Covers therefor F27B0014140000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0015000000 Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion F27B0015020000 Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types F27B0015040000 Casings; Supports therefor F27B0015060000 Arrangements of linings F27B0015080000 Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging F27B0015100000 Arrangements of air or gas supply devices F27B0015120000 Arrangements of dust collectors F27B0015140000 Arrangements of heating devices F27B0015160000 Arrangements of cooling devices F27B0015180000 Arrangements of controlling devices F27B0015200000 Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices F27B0017000000 Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group (structural combinations of furnaces F27B0019020000);; F27B0017020000 specially designed for laboratory use F27B0019000000 Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group F27B0019020000 combined in one structure F27B0019040000 arranged for associated working F27B0021000000 Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction F27B0021020000 Sintering grates or tables F27B0021040000 Sintering pots or sintering pans F27B0021060000 Endless-strand sintering machines F27D DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE (combustion apparatus per se F23);; F27D0001000000 Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs (refractory material per se C04B;firebridges for combustion chambers F23M0003000000) F27D0001020000 Crowns; Roofs F27D0001040000 characterised by the form of the bricks or blocks used F27D0001060000 Composite bricks or blocks F27D0001080000 Bricks or blocks with internal reinforcement or metal backing F27D0001100000 Monolithic linings; Supports therefor F27D0001120000 incorporating cooling arrangements (constructions of tube assemblies in general F28);; F27D0001140000 Supports for linings (F27D0001100000 takes precedence);; F27D0001160000 Making or repairing linings F27D0001180000 Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers F27D0003000000 Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge (moving charge through a furnace F27B0009140000);; F27D0003020000 Skids or tracks for heavy objects F27D0003040000 Ram or pusher apparatus F27D0003060000 Charging or discharging machines on travelling carriages F27D0003080000 Screw feeders; Screw dischargers F27D0003100000 Charging directly from hoppers or shoots F27D0003120000 Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge F27D0003140000 Charging or discharging liquid or molten material F27D0003150000 Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing slag F27D0003160000 Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge F27D0005000000 Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace (travelling or movable supports F27D0003120000);; F27D0007000000 Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers F27D0007020000 Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids F27D0007040000 Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means F27D0007060000 Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers (F27D0007020000 takes precedence);; F27D0009000000 Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein (F27D0001000000, F27D0003000000 take precedence);; F27D0011000000 Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces (details H05B);; F27D0011020000 Ohmic resistance heating F27D0011040000 with direct passage of current through the material being heated F27D0011060000 Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer F27D0011080000 Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge F27D0011100000 Disposition of electrodes; Control of position of electrodes (automatic control of temperature G05D0023000000;automatic control of light intensity G05D0025000000; non-enclosed electric discharge apparatus H01T) F27D0011120000 with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated F27D0013000000 Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges F27D0015000000 Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor F27D0015020000 Cooling F27D0017000000 Arrangement for using waste heat (heat-exchangers per se F28);;Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases (removing fumes in general B08B0015000000);; F27D0019000000 Arrangement of controlling devices F27D0021000000 Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices F27D0021020000 Observation or illuminating devices F27D0021040000 Arrangements of indicators or alarms F27D0023000000 Details or accessories not covered by any preceding group F27D0023020000 Devices for removing incrustations F28 HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL F28B STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS (condensation of vapours B01D0005000000;steam engine plants having condensers F01K; liquefaction of gases F25J; details of heat-exchange and heat-transfer arrangements of general application F28F) F28B0001000000 Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser F28B0001020000 using water or other liquid as the cooling medium F28B0001040000 the steam or vapour chamber being rotating F28B0001060000 using air or other gas as the cooling medium F28B0003000000 Condensers in which the steam or vapour comes into direct contact with the cooling medium F28B0003020000 by providing a flowing coating of cooling liquid on the condensing surface F28B0003040000 by injecting cooling liquid into the steam or vapour (F28B0003080000 takes precedence);; F28B0003060000 by injecting the steam or vapour into the cooling liquid (F28B0003080000 takes precedence);; F28B0003080000 with rotatable members F28B0005000000 Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by groups ; F28B0001000000 and F28B0003000000; Other condensers F28B0007000000 Combinations of two or more condensers, e.g. provision of reserve condenser F28B0009000000 Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices F28B0009020000 for feeding steam or vapour to condensers F28B0009040000 for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid F28B0009060000 with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid F28B0009080000 for collecting and removing condensate F28B0009100000 for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases F28B0011000000 Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers (control arrangements in general G05);; F28C HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUB-CLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION (safety devices in general F16P;with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media F28D0013000000-F28D0019000000; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F28F) F28C0001000000 Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers (building construction E04H0005120000;enclosed spaces cooled by trickle F25; component parts of trickle coolers F28F0025000000) F28C0001020000 with counter-current only F28C0001040000 with cross-current only F28C0001060000 with both counter-current and cross-current F28C0001080000 Arrangements for recovering heat from exhaust steam F28C0001100000 Arrangements for suppressing noise of exhaust steam F28C0003000000 Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus F28C0003020000 the heat-exchange media both being gases or vapours F28C0003040000 the heat-exchange media both being liquids F28C0003060000 the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour (temperators for cooling steam F22);; F28C0003080000 with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation (generating steam under pressure F22);; F28C0003100000 one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material F28C0003120000 the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid F28C0003140000 the particulate material moving by gravity, e.g. down a tube F28C0003160000 the particulate material forming a bed, e.g. fluidised, on vibratory sieves F28C0003180000 the particulate material being contained in rotating drums F28D HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUB-CLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (furnaces F27;details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F28F) F28D0001000000 Heat-exchange apparatus in which one heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid (F28D0005000000 takes precedence);; F28D0001020000 with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid, e.g. with plate-like or laminated conduits F28D0001040000 with tubular conduits F28D0001060000 with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid F28D0003000000 Heat-exchange apparatus in which a heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits (F28D0005000000 takes precedence);; F28D0003020000 with tubular conduits F28D0003040000 Distributing arrangements F28D0005000000 Heat-exchange apparatus using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation F28D0005020000 in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits F28D0007000000 Heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits (employing moving conduits F28D0011000000);; F28D0007020000 the conduits being helically coiled (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);; F28D0007040000 the conduits being spirally coiled (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);; F28D0007060000 the conduits having a single U-bend (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);; F28D0007080000 the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag (F28D0007100000 takes precedence);; F28D0007100000 the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically F28D0007120000 the surrounding tube being closed at one end, i.e. return type (F28D0007140000 takes precedence);; F28D0007140000 both tubes being bent F28D0009000000 Heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits (employing moving conduits F28D0011000000);; F28D0009020000 the heat-exchange media travelling at an angle to one another (F28D0009040000 takes precedence);; F28D0009040000 the conduits being formed by spirally-wound plates or laminae F28D0011000000 Heat-exchange apparatus employing moving conduits F28D0011020000 the movement being rotary, e.g. performed by a drum or roller (F28D0011080000 takes precedence);; F28D0011040000 performed by a tube or a bundle of tubes F28D0011060000 the movement being reciprocating or oscillating (F28D0011080000 takes precedence);; F28D0011080000 more than one conduit assembly performing independent movements, e.g. rotary bundle of tubes in a rotary drum F28D0013000000 Heat-exchange apparatus with fluidised fluent solid confined within a conduit, e.g. between perforated screens F28D0015000000 Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls F28D0017000000 Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles F28D0017020000 using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material F28D0017040000 Distributing arrangements for the heat-exchange media F28D0019000000 Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium F28D0019020000 using granular particles F28D0019040000 using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier F28D0021000000 Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups ; F28D0001000000-F28D0019000000 F28F DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16);; F28F0001000000 Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements (specially adapted for movement F28F0005000000);; F28F0001020000 Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular (F28F0001080000, F28F0001100000 take precedence);; F28F0001040000 polygonal, e.g. rectangular F28F0001060000 crimped or corrugated in cross-section F28F0001080000 Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section F28F0001100000 Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses (crimped or corrugated elements F28F0001060000, F28F0001080000);; F28F0001120000 the means being only outside the tubular element F28F0001140000 and extending longitudinally (F28F0001380000 takes precedence);; F28F0001160000 the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion (F28F0001220000 takes precedence);; F28F0001180000 the element being built-up from finned sections F28F0001200000 the means being attachable to the element (F28F0001220000 takes precedence);; F28F0001220000 the means having portions engaging further tubular elements F28F0001240000 and extending transversely (F28F0001380000 takes precedence);; F28F0001260000 the means being integral with the element (F28F0001320000 takes precedence);; F28F0001280000 the element being built-up from finned sections F28F0001300000 the means being attachable to the element (F28F0001320000 takes precedence);; F28F0001320000 the means having portions engaging further tubular elements F28F0001340000 and extending obliquely (F28F0001380000 takes precedence);; F28F0001360000 the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals F28F0001380000 and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages F28F0001400000 the means being only inside the tubular element F28F0001420000 the means being both outside and inside the tubular element F28F0001440000 and being formed of wire mesh F28F0003000000 Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements (specially adapted for movement F28F0005000000);; F28F0003020000 Elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations (F28F0003080000 takes precedence);; F28F0003040000 the means being integral with the element F28F0003060000 the means being attachable to the element F28F0003080000 Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning F28F0003100000 Arrangement for sealing the margins F28F0003120000 Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels F28F0003140000 by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation (manufacture thereof B23P);; F28F0005000000 Elements specially adapted for movement (arrangements for moving the elements, see the appropriate sub-class for the apparatus concerned);; F28F0005020000 Rotary drums or rollers F28F0005040000 Hollow impellers, e.g. stirring vane F28F0005060000 Hollow screw conveyers F28F0007000000 Elements not covered by group ; F28F0001000000, F28F0003000000, or F28F0005000000 F28F0007020000 Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media F28F0009000000 Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings F28F0009020000 Header boxes; End plates F28F0009040000 Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates (joining pipes to walls in general F16L0041000000);; F28F0009060000 by dismountable joints F28F0009080000 by wedge-type connections, e.g. taper ferrule F28F0009100000 by screw-type connections, e.g. gland F28F0009120000 by flange-type connections F28F0009140000 by force-joining F28F0009160000 by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling (metal-working procedures in general B21, B23, particularly B21D0039060000, B23K);; F28F0009180000 by welding F28F0009200000 Arrangements of heat reflectors, e.g. separately-insertible reflecting walls F28F0009220000 Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates F28F0009240000 Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates (F28F0001380000 takes precedence;in general F15D) F28F0009260000 Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators (connecting different sections in water heaters F24H0009140000);; F28F0011000000 Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits (stopping flow from or in pipes in general F16L0055100000);; F28F0011020000 using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other (F28F0011060000 takes precedence);; F28F0011040000 using pairs of obturating elements, e.g. washers, mounted upon central operating rods (F28F0011060000 takes precedence);; F28F0011060000 using automatic tube-obturating appliances F28F0013000000 Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing (F28F0001000000-F28F0011000000; take precedence);; F28F0013020000 by influencing fluid boundary (boundary-layer control in general F15D);; F28F0013040000 by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation F28F0013060000 by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media F28F0013080000 by varying the cross-section of the flow channels F28F0013100000 by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration F28F0013120000 by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation (F28F0013080000 takes precedence);; F28F0013140000 by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat F28F0013160000 by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium F28F0013180000 by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing F28F0017000000 Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus F28F0019000000 Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters F28F0019020000 by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings F28F0019040000 of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish F28F0019060000 of metal F28F0021000000 Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials F28F0021020000 of carbon, e.g. graphite F28F0021040000 of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone F28F0021060000 of plastics material F28F0021080000 of metal F28F0023000000 Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions F28F0023020000 Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state F28F0025000000 Component parts of trickle coolers (arrangements for increasing heat transfer F28F0013000000;controlling arrangements F28F0027000000) F28F0025020000 for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid (spraying or atomising in general B05B, B05D);; F28F0025040000 Distributing or accumulator troughs F28F0025060000 Spray nozzles or spray pipes F28F0025080000 Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Filter elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface F28F0025100000 for feeding gas or vapour F28F0025120000 Ducts; Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones F28F0027000000 Control arrangements specially adapted for heat-exchange and heat-transfer apparatus (control arrangements in general G05);; F28F0027020000 for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels (arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes F28F0009220000, F28F0025120000);; F28G CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OF BOILERS (cleaning pipes or tubes in general B08B0009020000;cleaning furnace tubes, cleaning flues or chimneys F23J; removing ice from heat-exchange apparatus F28F0017000000) F28G0001000000 Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances (F28G0003000000 takes precedence);; F28G0001020000 having brushes (brushes A46B);; F28G0001040000 having articulated tools, e.g. assembled in chain manner F28G0001060000 having coiled wire tools, i.e. basket type F28G0001080000 having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted F28G0001100000 resiliently mounted F28G0001120000 Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies F28G0001140000 Pull-through rods F28G0001160000 using jets of fluid for removing debris (F28G0001120000 takes precedence);; F28G0003000000 Rotary appliances F28G0003020000 having abrasive tools F28G0003040000 having brushes (brushes A46B);; F28G0003060000 having articulated tools, e.g. assembled in chain manner F28G0003080000 having coiled wire tools, i.e. basket type F28G0003100000 having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted F28G0003120000 resiliently mounted F28G0003140000 thrown into working position by centrifugal force F28G0003160000 using jets of fluid for removing debris F28G0005000000 Cleaning by distortion (by vibration F28G0007000000);; F28G0007000000 Cleaning by vibration F28G0009000000 Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents (appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris F28G0001160000, F28G0003160000);; F28G0011000000 Cleaning by combustion processes, e.g. using squibs, using travelling burners F28G0013000000 Appliances or processes not covered by groups ; F28G0001000000-F28G0011000000; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups ; F28G0001000000-F28G0011000000 F28G0015000000 Details (measuring thickness of deposit G01B);; F28G0015020000 Supports for cleaning appliances, e.g. frames F28G0015040000 Feeding and driving arrangements, e.g. power operation F28G0015060000 Automatic reversing devices F28G0015080000 Locating position of cleaning appliances within conduits F28G0015100000 Masks for delimiting area to be cleaned F41 WEAPONS F41B WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (spears A01K, A63B;boomerangs A63B; throwing or slinging toys A63H; knives, axes B26B) F41B0001000000 Peashooters; Popguns; Blowpipes F41B0001020000 Missiles or projectiles therefor, e.g. darts F41B0003000000 Sling weapons, e.g. Blye type F41B0003020000 Catapults F41B0003040000 Centrifugal sling apparatus F41B0005000000 Bows; Crossbows F41B0005020000 Arrows therefor; Bolts therefor F41B0005040000 for delivering a hypodermic charge; for delivering an incendiary charge (delivering hypodermic charges by jet action A61M);; F41B0005060000 Quivers F41B0007000000 Spring guns (catapults F41B0003020000);; F41B0007020000 the spring forming part of the missile or projectile F41B0007040000 adapted to discharge harpoons F41B0007060000 adapted for underwater use (F41B0007040000 takes precedence);; F41B0007080000 Toy guns F41B0009000000 Water pistols, i.e. for ejecting a liquid F41B0011000000 Air guns; Air pistols F41B0011020000 Repeater type F41B0011040000 for ejecting a powder, e.g. pepper F41B0011060000 with pressure supplied by gas cartridge F41B0011080000 adapted to discharge harpoons F41B0011100000 adapted for underwater use (F41B0011080000 takes precedence);; F41B0013000000 Thrusting-weapons (bayonets F41C0027020000);;Cutting-weapons carried as side-arms (training appliances for fencing A63B0069020000;sheaths for hand cutting tools B26B0029000000) F41B0013020000 Sabres; Cutlasses; Swords; Epees F41B0013040000 Sheaths or scabbards therefor F41B0013060000 for concealment, e.g. swordsticks F41B0013080000 Daggers; Stilettoes F41B0013100000 Lances; Pikes (spears for sporting purposes A63B0065020000);; F41B0015000000 Weapons not otherwise provided for F41B0015020000 Batons; Truncheons; Sticks; Shillelaghs F41B0015040000 with electric stunning-means F41B0015060000 with inserted knives or spikes F41B0015080000 Knuckledusters F41B0015100000 Bolas F41C HAND FIREARMS (air- or spring-loaded guns F41B;automatic smallarms F41D); ACCESSORIES THEREFOR F41C0001000000 Revolvers F41C0001020000 Hinge-frame revolvers F41C0003000000 Pistols (for slaughtering or stunning animals A22B;for shooting bolts into concrete constructions, metal walls or the like B25C) F41C0003020000 Signal pistols, e.g. Very pistols F41C0003040000 Starting pistols; Alarm pistols F41C0003060000 Cap-firing pistols, e.g. toy pistols F41C0003080000 with band supply F41C0005000000 Semi-automatic pistols; Semi-automatic rifles F41C0005020000 with gas-operated reloading action F41C0005040000 with recoil-operated lever reloading action F41C0005060000 with recoil-operated slide reloading action F41C0007000000 Rifles; Carbines; Shotguns F41C0007020000 with hand guard under the forestock F41C0007040000 with hand guard under the grip of the stock F41C0007060000 with underlever for cocking F41C0007080000 with detachable parts for transport or storage F41C0007100000 Articulated guns, i.e. with hinged parts for transport or storage F41C0007120000 Gallery rifles; Parlour rifles F41C0009000000 Hidden firearms; Other hand firearms; F41C0009020000 Pistols, e.g. in pencil F41C0009040000 Walking-stick guns F41C0011000000 Breech mechanisms; Elements thereof F41C0011020000 Locks F41C0011040000 Drop-block locks F41C0011060000 Bolt locks F41C0011080000 Locking-means for breakdown shotguns F41C0011100000 Locking-means for shotguns having two or more barrels F41C0013000000 Cartridge-feed mechanisms for smallarms F41C0015000000 Cartridge extractors or ejectors for smallarms F41C0015020000 Cartridge guides; Devices for extracting cartridges F41C0015040000 Shotgun-cartridge extractors F41C0015060000 for breakdown types F41C0015080000 for drop-block lock types F41C0015120000 for bolt-lock types F41C0015140000 for special lock types F41C0017000000 Safety mechanisms for smallarms F41C0017020000 Trigger locking pieces F41C0017040000 Firing-pin safeties F41C0017060000 Independent safeties which are disengaged when the weapon is brought into the firing position F41C0017080000 specially adapted for particular types or not otherwise provided for F41C0019000000 Trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms F41C0019020000 Hair-trigger mechanisms F41C0019040000 Press-button action with thumb rest F41C0019060000 Trigger mechanisms with compressed air F41C0019080000 Trigger mechanisms with elevation stop F41C0019100000 Trigger mechanisms with anti-canting safety F41C0019120000 Electrical firing mechanisms, e.g. electromechanical F41C0019140000 Cocking-action mechanisms F41C0019160000 Recocking-action mechanisms F41C0019180000 for breakdown shotguns F41C0021000000 Barrels for smallarms; Modifications thereof F41C0021020000 Composite barrels, e.g. of different materials F41C0021040000 Barrels which have undergone surface treatment, e.g. phosphating (processes per se, see the relevant classes);; F41C0021060000 for shotguns with more than one barrel F41C0021080000 Barrel junctions F41C0021100000 Insert barrels F41C0021120000 Cartridge chambers; Chamber liners inside the barrels F41C0021140000 Muzzle covers F41C0021160000 Modifications for attachment of side-arms or the like (attachments F41C0027000000);; F41C0021180000 Buffers; Muzzle glands; Silencers; Recoil-reinforcement or recoil-reduction means; Flash-dampers F41C0021200000 Testing apparatus; Checking apparatus F41C0023000000 Butts; Butt plates; Stocks F41C0023020000 Attachment of slings F41C0025000000 Cartridge magazines for smallarms F41C0025020000 Box magazines F41C0025040000 without cartridge guide groove F41C0025060000 Butt or stock magazines F41C0025080000 Magazines under the barrel F41C0025100000 Drum magazines F41C0027000000 Miscellaneous attachments for smallarms; Accessories; Details not otherwise provided for F41C0027020000 Bayonets F41C0027040000 Spades; Shields F41C0027060000 Discharging means for grenades or flare bombs, e.g. grenade sleeve discharger, firing cup F41C0027080000 Dust protection caps, e.g. for breech parts or discharge apparatus F41C0027100000 Protecting-caps for trigger guards F41C0027120000 Charged-condition indicators F41C0027140000 Cartridge-magazine indicators F41C0029000000 Gun rests; Practice mountings (racks for storage A47;racks in vehicles B60R0011000000) F41C0031000000 Gun-cleaning apparatus; Gun-testing apparatus F41C0031020000 Lubricating, oiling, or greasing means F41C0031040000 Testing apparatus F41C0033000000 Wearing-gear for smallarms F41C0033020000 Holsters F41C0033040000 Special attachments therefor F41D AUTOMATIC GUNS, e.g. MACHINE GUNS (guns requiring auxiliary power for loading F41F);; F41D0001000000 Automatic guns characterised by bolt locking means F41D0001020000 recoil-operated F41D0001040000 gas-operated F41D0001060000 with combined recoil and gas operation F41D0001080000 characterised by inertia lock F41D0003000000 Locking elements disposed between the barrel and the moving bolt or breech-block F41D0003020000 with toggle-joint lock F41D0003040000 with inertia lock F41D0003060000 the locking elements being integral with bolt or breech-block and barrel respectively F41D0005000000 Mechanisms for opening the lock after the shot has been fired F41D0005020000 recoil-operated F41D0005040000 gas-operated F41D0005060000 Dust filters in gas systems therefor (filters in general B01D0046000000);; F41D0005080000 Gas regulators in gas systems therefor F41D0005100000 Gas operators with expansion chambers therefor F41D0005120000 with combined recoil and gas operation F41D0007000000 Anti-aircraft guns; Revolving-cannon; Other automatic guns F41D0007020000 machine guns F41D0007040000 Revolving-cannon F41D0009000000 Cartridge, missile or projectile feed mechanisms F41D0009020000 Machine-gun feed mechanisms F41D0009040000 Anti-aircraft-gun feed mechanisms F41D0009060000 Revolving-cannon feed mechanisms F41D0011000000 Details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from preceding groups F41D0011020000 Trigger mechanisms F41D0011040000 Percussion mechanisms F41D0011060000 Locking mechanisms not otherwise provided for F41D0011080000 Shot-velocity regulators F41D0011100000 Shot-number limiters F41D0011120000 Bolt buffer and recuperator means F41D0011140000 Loading mechanisms, i.e. for transferring cartridge from ready position to firing position F41D0011160000 Firing-pin construction; Firing-pin action F41D0011180000 Ventilating systems F41D0011200000 Cooling systems; Heating systems F41D0011220000 Synchronising for firing through the propeller of an aircraft F41D0011240000 Mountings (adaptations thereof for aircraft B64D);; F41D0011280000 Testing apparatus; Checking apparatus F41F ORDNANCE; GUNS; MOUNTINGS OR CARRIAGES THEREFOR; MISSILE LAUNCHERS; RECOILLESS GUNS; HARPOON GUNS (automatic guns F41D;flame-throwers F41H) F41F0001000000 Guns, i.e. launching-apparatus for projecting missiles or projectiles from barrels; Harpoon guns F41F0001020000 Electromagnetic guns F41F0001040000 Pneumatic guns; Steam guns F41F0001060000 Mortars F41F0003000000 Launching-apparatus for self-propelled missiles F41F0003020000 Recoilless guns F41F0003040000 for rockets F41F0003060000 from aircraft F41F0003080000 for marine torpedoes F41F0003100000 from below the surface of the water F41F0005000000 Launching-apparatus for gravity-propelled missiles or projectiles F41F0005020000 from aircraft (dropping or releasing bombs from aircraft B64D0001040000);; F41F0005040000 from ships, e.g. for mines, for depth charges F41F0007000000 Launching-apparatus for projecting missiles or projectiles otherwise than from barrels (F41F0003040000 takes precedence);; F41F0007020000 Steam catapults F41F0009000000 Feeding ammunition, missiles, or projectiles to launching-apparatus; Loading mechanisms (safety aspects of conveying or hoisting gun ammunition in preparation for immediate use F42B0041000000);; F41F0009020000 Conveyers (in general B65G);; F41F0009040000 Hoists (in general B66);; F41F0009060000 Loading from magazines located near the gun F41F0011000000 Breach mechanisms; Breech locks (for smallarms F41C0011000000);; F41F0011020000 Vertical sliding-wedge breech locks F41F0011040000 Horizontal sliding-wedge breech locks F41F0011060000 Cylinder locks, i.e. with breech-block moving about axis, e.g. Schneider type F41F0011080000 Coverplate lock and ring F41F0011100000 Breech screw locks F41F0011120000 Screw breech mechanisms F41F0011140000 moved by mechanical means F41F0013000000 Percussion mechanisms for breech locks (for recoilless guns F41F0015000000);; F41F0013020000 Trigger mechanisms F41F0013040000 mechanical F41F0013060000 pneumatic F41F0013080000 electrical F41F0013100000 hydraulic F41F0013120000 with primer cartridge mechanism F41F0015000000 Firing-arrangements for recoilless guns F41F0017000000 Gun barrels; Gun tubes F41F0017020000 characterised by the shape F41F0017040000 characterised by the material F41F0017060000 Linings, i.e. tubes within the barrels F41F0017080000 Composite barrels F41F0017100000 Grooves; Rifling F41F0017120000 Muzzle glands; Silencers; Recoil-reinforcement means; Recoil-reduction means; Flash-dampers (if applicable also to smallarms F41C0021180000);; F41F0017140000 Apparatus for greasing, cleaning, cooling, demetallising, or blowing-through of gun barrels F41F0017160000 Rammers; Extractors F41F0019000000 Gun cradles, i.e. mountings for barrel assembly which permit recoil (brakes in general F16D;Shock-absorbers F16F) F41F0019020000 with hydraulic brake systems F41F0019040000 with friction brake systems F41F0019060000 with spring brake systems F41F0019080000 with pressure and gas brakes F41F0019100000 with means for running-out barrel assembly to the firing position or returning it to battery F41F0019120000 Spring or pneumatic return systems F41F0019140000 Combined systems, e.g. hydraulic brakes and return springs F41F0019160000 Releasing means for sears or springs under tension F41F0021000000 Gun carriages, i.e. mountings for barrel-and-cradle assembly permitting elevating or traversing (aiming systems F41G);; F41F0021020000 Traversing gear, i.e. for moving gun through a horizontal arc F41F0021040000 Elevating gear, i.e. for moving gun through a vertical arc F41F0021060000 Trunnions; Axles; Bearings F41F0021080000 using hydraulic servo systems F41F0021100000 using electric servo systems F41F0021120000 Central pivot arrangements F41F0021140000 Turret gun carriages (turrets F41H);; F41F0021160000 Systems providing compensation for weight of barrel or cartridge, e.g. equilibrators F41F0023000000 Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles (mountings for barrel-and-cradle assembly permitting elevating or traversing F41F0021000000;disposition of arms on vehicles F41H0007120000) F41F0023020000 for disappearing guns F41F0023040000 for guns on board submarines (shipbuilding aspects B63G0001000000, B63G0008300000);; F41F0023060000 Turret-gun mountings (turrets F41H);; F41F0023080000 on endless-track vehicles (F41F0023060000 takes precedence);; F41F0023100000 on wheeled vehicles F41F0023120000 on trailers F41F0023140000 on motor cycles F41F0023160000 on rail vehicles F41F0023180000 on sledges F41F0023200000 Wheeled-gun mountings F41F0023220000 with split trails F41F0023240000 Split-trail mountings without wheels F41F0023260000 Details F41F0023280000 Trail spades F41F0023300000 elastic F41F0023320000 Blocking-means (in guns running out to firing position F41F0019100000);; F41F0023340000 Hydraulic stabiliser jacks F41F0025000000 Apparatus for testing guns F41F0027000000 Gun simulators (noise producers F42D0007000000;having general applications G09) F41G WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING F41G0001000000 Sighting devices (for indirect laying of fire F41G0003160000;bombsights F41G0003240000) F41G0001020000 Foresights F41G0001040000 Protection means therefor F41G0001060000 Rearsights F41G0001080000 with aperture F41G0001100000 with notch F41G0001120000 with line or mark other than notch F41G0001140000 with lens F41G0001160000 Adjusting mechanisms therefor F41G0001180000 Clicking indicators with spring detents F41G0001200000 coarse and fine F41G0001220000 Friction clamps F41G0001240000 rack-and-pinion; lever; linkwork F41G0001260000 screw F41G0001280000 wedge; cam; eccentric F41G0001300000 Reflecting-sights F41G0001320000 Night sights, e.g. luminescent F41G0001340000 combined with light source, e.g. spot light F41G0001360000 with infra-red light source F41G0001380000 Telescopic sights (telescopes G02B);;Supports or mountings therefor F41G0001400000 Periscopic sights (periscopes G02B);;Supports or mountings therefor F41G0001420000 Tube sights; Bar sights F41G0001440000 Spirit-level adjusting-means, e.g. for correcting tilt F41G0001460000 for particular applications F41G0001480000 for firing grenades from rifles F41G0001500000 for trench mortars F41G0001520000 for rifles or shotguns having two or more barrels, or adapted to fire different kinds of ammunition, e.g. ball or shot F41G0001540000 Devices for testing or checking F41G0003000000 Aiming means; Laying means (sighting devices F41G0001000000;optical or analogous aiming means or laying means not adapted for use with weapons G01S, G02B, H01Q, H01S; computers G06) F41G0003020000 using an independent line of sight F41G0003040000 for dispersing fire from a battery F41G0003060000 with rangefinder (rangefinders per se G01C);; F41G0003080000 with means for compensating for speed, direction, temperature, pressure, or humidity of the atmosphere (measuring G01);; F41G0003100000 with means for compensating for canting of the trunnions F41G0003120000 with means for compensating for muzzle velocity or powder temperature F41G0003140000 Indirect aiming means F41G0003160000 Sighting devices adapted for indirect laying of fire F41G0003180000 Auxiliary target devices adapted for indirect laying of fire F41G0003200000 specially adapted for mountain artillery F41G0003220000 for vehicle-borne armament, e.g. on aircraft F41G0003240000 Bombsights F41G0003260000 Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying F41G0003280000 Small-scale apparatus (relief models or maps G09B);; F41G0003300000 Gun-laying apparatus F41G0003320000 Devices for testing or checking F41G0005000000 Elevating or traversing control systems for guns (elevating or traversing gear on gun carriages F41F0021000000;computers G06) F41G0005020000 using only mechanical means for remote control F41G0005040000 using hydraulic means for remote control F41G0005060000 using electric means for remote control F41G0005080000 Ground-based tracking-systems for aerial targets F41G0005120000 acoustically influenced F41G0005140000 for vehicle-borne guns F41G0005160000 gyroscopically influenced F41G0005180000 Tracking systems for guns on aircraft F41G0005200000 for guns on ships F41G0005220000 to compensate for rolling or pitching F41G0005240000 for guns on tanks F41G0005260000 Apparatus for testing or checking F41G0007000000 Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles (flight control B64C, G05, e.g. G05D0001120000;locating of target G01S; computing aspects G06) F41G0007020000 for wire-guided missiles (guidance means on wire-guided rockets F42B0015040000);; F41G0007040000 for torpedoes (guidance means thereon F42B0019000000);; F41G0007060000 launched from surface ships F41G0007080000 launched from submarines F41G0007100000 launched from aircrafts F41G0007120000 for rockets (guidance means thereon F42B0015020000);; F41G0007140000 from ground-based launcher; from ship-based launcher F41G0007160000 from air-borne launcher F41G0007180000 against aerial targets F41G0009000000 Systems for controlling missiles or projectiles, not provided for elsewhere F41G0009020000 for bombing control (bombsights F41G0003240000);; F41G0011000000 Details of sighting or aiming apparatus; Accessories F41H ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, IN GENERAL F41H0001000000 Personal protection-gear (shields for personal use F41H0005080000;for protection against chemical warfare A62B) F41H0001020000 Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics F41H0001040000 Protection helmets (crash helmets A42B0003020000);; F41H0001060000 of steel; Steel head-shields F41H0001080000 of plastics; Plastic head-shields F41H0003000000 Camouflage, i.e. means providing concealment (F41H0005000000, F41H0007000000 take precedence);; F41H0003020000 Camouflage nets (net-making D04);; F41H0005000000 Armour; Armour plates (processes for manufacturing or treating B21, C21);; F41H0005020000 Plate construction F41H0005040000 composed of more than one layer F41H0005060000 Shields (in ships B63G0009000000;in aircraft B64D0007000000) F41H0005080000 for personal use F41H0005100000 Spade bayonets, i.e. usable as a spade, bayonet, or cover against rifle fire F41H0005120000 for smallarms; for light-rocket launchers F41H0005140000 Wheeled armoured shields F41H0005160000 for ordnance F41H0005180000 Rotating shields F41H0005200000 Turrets F41H0005220000 Manhole covers, e.g. on tanks (in general F16J);; F41H0005240000 for stationary use, e.g. fortifications F41H0005260000 Peepholes; Windows (manufacture and composition of glass C03);;Covers therefor F41H0007000000 Armoured or armed vehicles (general vehicle aspects B60;armoured or armed ships B63G; armoured or armed aircraft B64D; gun mountings F41F) F41H0007020000 Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks (endless-track vehicles, steering thereof B62D);; F41H0007040000 Armour construction (in general F41H0005000000);; F41H0007060000 Cartridge-supply means F41H0007080000 Aiming means (in general F41G0003000000);; F41H0007100000 Mine-laying land vehicles F41H0007120000 Disposition of arms on vehicles F41H0009000000 Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas, or smoke; Chemical warfare equipment (protection against chemicals A62B);; F41H0009020000 Flame-throwing apparatus (for destroying vegetation A01M0015000000);; F41H0009040000 Gas-blowing apparatus, e.g. Stoke mines F41H0009060000 Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens F41H0011000000 Defence installations; Defence devices (constructional aspects, see section E, e.g. E04H0009040000);; F41H0011020000 Anti-aircraft defence installations F41H0011040000 Aerial barrages F41H0011050000 Net barriers for harbour defence F41H0011060000 Gun-traps F41H0011080000 Barbed-wire obstacles; Barricades; Stanchions; Tank traps; Vehicle-impeding devices; Caltrops F41H0011100000 Dispensing-apparatus therefor, e.g. devices for dispensing and reeling barbed wire F41H0011120000 Means for clearing land minefields (sweeping mines B63G);; F41H0011140000 with electric explosive cable, e.g. mine-clearing snakes F41H0011160000 Self-propelled mine-clearing vehicles F41H0013000000 Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for F41J TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS F41J0001000000 Stationary targets (for arrows or darts F41J0003000000);; F41J0001020000 adapted for weapon employed, e.g. for pistols F41J0001040000 for rifles F41J0001060000 for automatic-firing weapons F41J0001080000 for guns; for cannons F41J0001100000 Target stands; Target holders F41J0001120000 Bullet catchers; Bullet traps F41J0001140000 combined with targets F41J0001160000 Target-hit indicators or recorders, e.g. manual F41J0001180000 Target ranges F41J0001200000 Safety means therefor F41J0003000000 Targets for arrows or darts, e.g. for sporting or amusement purposes F41J0003020000 Indicators or score boards for arrow or dart games F41J0005000000 Target-indicating systems F41J0005020000 Photo-electric hit-detector systems F41J0005040000 Electric hit-indicating systems F41J0005060000 Sound hit-indicating systems F41J0005080000 Infra-red hit-indicating systems F41J0005100000 Cinematographic hit-indicating systems (cinematographic targets F41J0009140000);; F41J0005120000 for indicating the distance by which a bullet misses the target F41J0007000000 Movable targets which are stationary when fired at F41J0007020000 movable for checking F41J0007040000 disappearing when hit F41J0009000000 Moving targets, i.e. moving when fired at F41J0009020000 Land-based targets F41J0009040000 Sea-going targets F41J0009060000 towed F41J0009080000 Airborne targets, e.g. drones, kites, balloons F41J0009100000 towed F41J0009120000 Radar-reflector targets, e.g. foil strips; F41J0009140000 Cinematographic targets, e.g. moving-picture targets F41J0009160000 Clay-pigeon targets; Clay-disc targets F41J0009180000 Traps or throwing-apparatus therefor F42 AMMUNITION; BLASTING F42B EXPLOSIVE CHARGES; AMMUNITION; MISSILES (fuzes F42C);;FIREWORKS (chemical compositions therefor C06B);; F42B0001000000 Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container F42B0001020000 hollow F42B0001040000 Detonator charges not forming part of the fuze F42B0003000000 Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive F42B0003020000 adapted to be united into assemblies F42B0003040000 for producing gas under pressure F42B0003060000 with re-utilisable case F42B0003080000 with cavities in the charge F42B0003100000 Initiators therefor F42B0003120000 Bridge initiators F42B0003140000 Spark initiators F42B0003160000 Delay initiators F42B0003180000 Safety initiators resistant to premature firing by static electricity or stray currents F42B0003200000 Tamping tools therefor F42B0004000000 Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination, or signal purposes (signalling by explosives G08B;advertising by firework G09F0013460000) F42B0004020000 in cartridge form, i.e. shell, propellant, and primer F42B0004040000 Firecrackers F42B0004060000 Aerial display rockets (rockets in general F42B0015000000);; F42B0004080000 characterised by having vanes, wings, parachutes, or balloons F42B0004100000 characterised by having means to separate article or charge from casing without destroying casing F42B0004120000 Parachute or flare separation F42B0004140000 characterised by having plural successively-ignited charges F42B0004160000 Hand-thrown impact-exploded noise makers (toy crackers A63H0005040000, A63H0035000000;cap pistols F41C0003060000) F42B0004180000 Simulations, e.g. pine cone, house that is destroyed, warship, volcano F42B0004200000 characterised by having holder or support other than casing, e.g. whirler or spike support F42B0004220000 characterised by having means to separate an article or charge from casing without destroying casing (in aerial display rockets F42B0004100000);; F42B0004240000 characterised by having plural successively-ignited charges (in aerial display rockets F42B0004140000);; F42B0004260000 Flares; Torches F42B0004280000 Parachute flares (F42B0004120000 takes precedence);; F42B0004300000 Manufacture F42B0005000000 Smallarms ammunition, i.e. ammunition for rifles, semi-automatic rifles, pistols, carbines (shot gun ammunition F42B0007000000;missiles only F42B0011000000) F42B0005020000 Cartridges, i.e. cases complete with missiles F42B0005080000 modified for electric ignition F42B0005100000 with self-propelled bullet F42B0005120000 with hypodermic injection means (hypodermic charges therefor A61M);; F42B0005140000 for marking cattle F42B0005160000 characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge or powder (chemical composition C06B);; F42B0005180000 with self-burning or exploding cartridge cases F42B0005200000 Blank cartridges F42B0005220000 for practice; for training; dummy F42B0005240000 for cleaning; for cooling F42B0005260000 Cartridge case F42B0005280000 of metal F42B0005300000 of plastics F42B0005320000 for rim fire F42B0005340000 with provision for varying the length F42B0005360000 modified for housing an integral firing-cap F42B0007000000 Shotgun ammunition F42B0007020000 Cartridges, i.e. cases complete with missiles F42B0007040000 of pellet type F42B0007060000 with cartridge case of plastics F42B0007080000 Wads for shotgun shells F42B0007100000 Ball or slug shotgun cartridges F42B0009000000 Gun ammunition; Ammunition not otherwise provided for (missiles for guns or cannons F42B0013000000);; F42B0009020000 Cartridges, i.e. cases complete with missiles F42B0009040000 the case being of metal F42B0009060000 the case being of plastics F42B0009080000 modified for electric ignition F42B0009100000 with self-propelled missile F42B0009120000 for recoilless guns F42B0009140000 characterised by composition or physical dimension or form of propellant charge or powder (chemical composition C06B);; F42B0009160000 with self-burning or exploding cartridge cases F42B0009180000 Blank cartridges F42B0009200000 for practice; for training; dummy F42B0009220000 for cleaning; for cooling F42B0009240000 Loaded cartridge bags F42B0009260000 Cartridge cases F42B0009280000 of metal F42B0009300000 of plastics F42B0011000000 Missiles for smallarms, i.e. for rifles, semi-automatic rifles, pistols, carbines F42B0011020000 Bullets F42B0011040000 of lead only F42B0011060000 with steel cores F42B0011080000 with steel jackets F42B0011100000 with soft noses; of expanding type; of dumdum type F42B0011120000 with steel points F42B0011140000 of armour-piercing type F42B0011160000 of tracer type F42B0011180000 of target-marking type F42B0011200000 of cannelured type F42B0011220000 of explosive type F42B0011240000 of incendiary type F42B0011260000 of high-speed type F42B0011280000 of slug type F42B0011300000 of hypodermic type (hypodermic charges therefor A61M);; F42B0011320000 which cause irritation F42B0011340000 which carry poison F42B0011360000 of plastics F42B0011380000 of pressed-powder plastics F42B0011400000 of metal alloy and plastics powder F42B0011420000 Rifle grenades F42B0013000000 Missiles for guns, mortars, or unspecified calibres F42B0013020000 for guns F42B0013040000 of armour-piercing type F42B0013060000 with core F42B0013080000 with armour-piercing caps; With armoured cupola F42B0013100000 with shaped or hollow charge (hollow charge per se F42B0001020000);; F42B0013120000 of high-explosive type F42B0013140000 of incendiary type F42B0013160000 of sub-calibre type; Sabots therefor F42B0013180000 with fragmentation-hull construction F42B0013200000 for practice; for training; dummy F42B0013220000 for mortars F42B0013240000 with tail or non-retractable stabiliser fins F42B0013260000 with provision for additional charges; with provision for varying the length F42B0013280000 Self-propelled missiles (rockets F42B0015000000);; F42B0013300000 with guidance-means thereon (guidance systems F41G);; F42B0013320000 with wings or other elements which are spread after leaving the barrel; with speed-reducing means F42B0013340000 of tracer type F42B0013360000 of target-marking type F42B0013380000 of parachute type F42B0013400000 of illuminating type, e.g. flares (F42B0013380000 takes precedence);; F42B0013420000 of signal type, e.g. to produce a coloured flash F42B0013440000 of smoke-producing type F42B0013460000 of gas type, e.g. for delivering narcotic, anti-incendiary, or poison gas F42B0013480000 Shrapnel; Canisters F42B0013500000 Cluster ammunition, i.e. missiles containing multiple cartridges F42B0013520000 Chainshot F42B0013540000 Harpoons, e.g. hypodermic, explosive, electric; Harpoon lines F42B0013560000 Line-carrying missiles (F42B0013540000 takes precedence);; F42B0015000000 Guided missiles (fired from guns F42B0013300000;cosmonautic vehicles B64G); Rockets (self-propelled missiles fired from guns F42B0013280000;aerodynamic features B64; propulsion systems F02K) F42B0015020000 Guidance means thereon (flight control B64C, G05;guidance systems F41G; locating of target by rocket G01S; computing aspects G06) F42B0015040000 using wire, e.g. for guiding ground-to-ground rockets F42B0015060000 for carrying lines, e.g. for life-saving, to inaccessible places F42B0015080000 for carrying measuring instruments (adaptations for meteorology G01W0001080000);; F42B0015100000 Missiles having a trajectory only in the air F42B0015120000 Intercontinental ballistic missiles (F42B0015140000-F42B0015180000; take precedence);; F42B0015140000 with spin-stabilising means F42B0015160000 with steering by movement of flight surfaces, e.g. fins F42B0015180000 with steering by varying intensity or direction of thrust F42B0015200000 Missiles having a trajectory beginning below water surface (having additional propulsion means for movement through water F42B0017000000);; F42B0015220000 Missiles having a trajectory finishing below water surface (having additional propulsion means for movement through water F42B0017000000);; F42B0015240000 characterised by the warhead F42B0015260000 armour-piercing F42B0015280000 high-explosive F42B0015300000 for delivering liquids or gases F42B0015320000 practice F42B0017000000 Rocket torpedoes, i.e. missiles provided with separate propulsion means for movement through air and through water F42B0019000000 Marine torpedoes, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines; Sea mines having self-propulsion means (launching means F41G;locating of target G01S; automatic control of course G05D0001000000; firing directors or calculators G06G) F42B0019010000 Steering control F42B0019040000 Depth control F42B0019060000 Directional control F42B0019080000 with means for preventing rolling or pitching F42B0019100000 remotely controlled, e.g. by sonic or radio control (control systems using wire F41G0007020000);; F42B0019120000 Propulsion specially adapted for torpedoes (having additional propulsion means for movement through air F42B0017000000;marine propulsion in general B63H) F42B0019140000 by compressed-gas motors F42B0019160000 of cylinder type F42B0019180000 of turbine type F42B0019200000 characterised by the composition of propulsive gas; Manufacture or heating thereof in torpedoes F42B0019220000 by internal-combustion engines F42B0019240000 by electric motors F42B0019260000 by jet propulsion F42B0019280000 with means for avoiding visible wake F42B0019300000 with timing control of propulsion F42B0019320000 characterised by the warhead F42B0019340000 Firing means (within fuze F42C);; F42B0019360000 adapted to be used for exercise purposes, e.g. indicating position or course F42B0019380000 with means for causing torpedoes to surface at end of run F42B0019400000 by expelling liquid ballast F42B0019420000 by releasing solid ballast F42B0019440000 by enlarging displacement F42B0019460000 adapted to be launched from aircraft F42B0021000000 Depth charges (laying aspects B63G);; F42B0022000000 Marine mines, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines (mine laying or sweeping B63G);; F42B0022020000 Contact mines F42B0022040000 Influenced mines, e.g. by magnetic or acoustic effect F42B0022060000 Ground mines F42B0022080000 Drifting mines (with propulsion means F42B0019000000);; F42B0022100000 Moored mines F42B0022120000 at a fixed depth setting F42B0022140000 at a variable depth setting F42B0022160000 using mechanical means, e.g. plummet and float F42B0022180000 using hydrostatic means F42B0022200000 using magnetic or acoustic depth-control means F42B0022220000 having self-contained sinking means F42B0022240000 Arrangement of mines in fields or barriers (net barriers for harbour defence F41H0011050000);; F42B0022260000 Firing means (by contact F42B0022020000, by magnetic or acoustic influence F42B0022040000;firing means within fuze F42C) F42B0022280000 chemical F42B0022300000 electrical F42B0022320000 mechanical F42B0022340000 inertia weight F42B0022360000 hydrostatic F42B0022380000 actuated from a remote location, e.g. the shore F42B0022400000 put to "safe" or "active" from a remote location, e.g. the shore F42B0022420000 with anti-sweeping means, e.g. electrical F42B0022440000 adapted to be launched from aircraft F42B0023000000 Land mines F42B0023020000 Independent mines F42B0023040000 anti-vehicle F42B0023060000 of metal F42B0023080000 non-metallic F42B0023100000 anti-personnel F42B0023120000 of metal F42B0023140000 non-metallic F42B0023160000 of missile type, i.e. for detonation after ejection from ground F42B0023180000 Controlled mines; Controlled minefields F42B0023200000 fired from a remote location (initiation in blasting operations F42B0003000000);; F42B0023220000 for practice; for training; dummy F42B0023240000 Details F42B0023260000 Firing means (within fuzes F42C);; F42B0023280000 pressure type F42B0023300000 pull type F42B0023320000 release type F42B0025000000 Fall bombs F42B0025020000 of parachute type F42B0025040000 carrying flares F42B0025060000 of gliding type F42B0025080000 armour-piercing F42B0025100000 high-explosive F42B0025120000 for delivering liquid or gas F42B0025140000 incendiary F42B0025160000 Cluster bombs F42B0025180000 for training; for practice; dummy F42B0025200000 Details F42B0025220000 Firing means (within fuzes F42C);; F42B0025240000 Steering means F42B0027000000 Hand grenades F42B0027020000 high-explosive F42B0027040000 incendiary F42B0027060000 gas F42B0027080000 with handle F42B0027100000 for practice; for training; dummy F42B0029000000 Noiseless, smokeless, and flashless missiles launched by their own explosive propellant F42B0031000000 Driving bands; Rotating bands; Lubrication means therefor F42B0031020000 Lubrication means in missiles F42B0033000000 Safety aspects in the manufacture of ammunition; Safety aspects in the dismantling of ammunition F42B0033020000 in apparatus for filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; in apparatus for inserting propellant or explosive charges F42B0033040000 in apparatus for fitting or extracting primers for fuzes or charges F42B0033060000 in apparatus for dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets, or bombs (F42B0033040000 takes precedence);; F42B0033080000 for unpriming F42B0033100000 in apparatus for reconditioning used cartridge cases F42B0033120000 in apparatus for crimping shotgun shells F42B0033140000 in apparatus for surface treatment of cartridges or cartridge cases F42B0035000000 Safety aspects in the testing or checking of ammunition F42B0035020000 in apparatus for gauging, sorting, trimming, or shortening cartridges or missiles F42B0037000000 Safety aspects in the packaging of ammunition for transport F42B0037020000 in chests for ammunition F42B0037040000 for smallarms ammunition F42B0037060000 in containers for fuzes F42B0039000000 Packaging or handling of cartridges in preparation for immediate use F42B0039020000 Cartridge bags; Bandoleers F42B0039040000 Loading devices for revolvers or pistols F42B0039060000 Cartridge chargers; Loaders for magazines; Unloaders (cartridge magazines per se F41C0025000000);; F42B0039080000 Cartridge-feed belts F42B0039100000 Machines for charging or for extracting cartridges from feed belts F42B0039120000 Feeding belt-carried ammunition into a space or container for immediate use, i.e. dispensing F42B0041000000 Safety aspects of conveying or hoisting gun ammunition in preparation for immediate use F42B0041020000 in conveyers F42B0041040000 in hoists F42C FUZES (chemical aspects C06C);;ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR F42C0001000000 Fuzes actuated only by impact, i.e. percussion fuzes F42C0001020000 with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze F42C0001040000 operating by inertia of members on impact F42C0001060000 for any direction of impact F42C0001080000 with delayed action after ignition of fuze (time fuzes F42C0009000000);; F42C0001100000 without firing-pin F42C0001120000 with delayed action after ignition of fuze (time fuzes F42C0009000000);; F42C0001140000 operating at a predetermined distance from ground or target by means of a protruding member F42C0003000000 Fuzes actuated by exposure to a liquid, e.g. sea-water (time fuzes F42C0009000000);; F42C0005000000 Fuzes actuated by exposure to a predetermined fluid pressure F42C0005020000 barometric pressure F42C0007000000 Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion F42C0007020000 actuated by personnel or vehicle to detonate a land mine F42C0009000000 Time fuzes; Combined time- and percussion- or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of missile F42C0009020000 the timing being caused by mechanical means F42C0009040000 by spring motor F42C0009060000 by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids F42C0009080000 the timing being caused by chemical action, e.g. of acids F42C0009100000 the timing being caused by combustion F42C0009120000 with ring combustion elements F42C0009140000 Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes F42C0009160000 for self-destruction of missile F42C0011000000 Electric fuzes (proximity fuzes F42C0013000000;electric igniters F42C0019120000) F42C0011020000 with piezo-crystal F42C0011040000 with current induction F42C0011060000 with time delay by electric circuitry F42C0013000000 Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation (detecting systems per se G01);; F42C0013020000 operated by intensity of light or similar radiation F42C0013040000 operated by radio waves F42C0013060000 operated by sound waves F42C0013080000 operated by variations in magnetic field F42C0015000000 Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges (groups F42C0015020000-F42C0015140000; take precedence over groups F42C0015160000 onwards);; F42C0015020000 Arrangements for use with hand grenades or rifle grenades F42C0015040000 Arrangements for use with gun missiles or mortar missiles F42C0015060000 Arrangements for use with rockets F42C0015080000 Arrangements for use with torpedoes F42C0015100000 Arrangements for use with marine mines or depth charges F42C0015120000 Arrangements for use with fall bombs F42C0015140000 Arrangements for use with land mines F42C0015160000 wherein the firing-pin or the like is displaced out of the action line for safety (F42C0015400000 takes precedence);; F42C0015180000 using a pivoted member; using a rotatable member F42C0015200000 wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin (F42C0015400000 takes precedence);; F42C0015220000 using centrifugal force F42C0015240000 wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means (F42C0015200000 takes precedence);; F42C0015260000 using centrifugal force F42C0015280000 operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids (F42C0015260000 takes precedence);; F42C0015300000 of propellant gases F42C0015320000 operated by change of fluid pressure F42C0015340000 wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member between primer and detonator charge (F42C0015400000 takes precedence);; F42C0015360000 wherein arming is effected by combustion or fusion of an element F42C0015380000 wherein arming is effected by chemical action F42C0015400000 wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically F42C0017000000 Fuze-setting apparatus F42C0017020000 Fuze-setting keys F42C0019000000 Details of fuzes (except F42C0015000000);; F42C0019020000 Fuze bodies; Fuze housings F42C0019040000 Protective caps F42C0019060000 Electric contact parts specially adapted for use with electric fuzes F42C0019080000 Primers; Igniters F42C0019100000 Percussion caps F42C0019120000 electric F42C0021000000 Checking fuzes; Testing fuzes F42D BLASTING F42D0001000000 Blasting methods F42D0001020000 by arranging of cartridges to form an assembly F42D0001040000 Arrangements for ignition F42D0001060000 relative timing of several charges F42D0001080000 Tamping methods F42D0003000000 Particular applications of blasting techniques F42D0003020000 for demolition of tall structures, e.g. chimney stacks F42D0003040000 for rock blasting F42D0003060000 for seismic purposes F42D0005000000 Safety arrangements F42D0005020000 Locating undetonated charges F42D0005040000 Rendering explosive charges harmless F42D0005060000 Unloading boreholes F42D0007000000 Other blasting