The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise.
The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding.
The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe).
The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe).
The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machine for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines.
Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned.
That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g, . (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.
In interpreting the phrase "combined operations", the assembly of parts is regarded as an operation if it is not an essential feature of the next metal-working operation.
In so far as non-mechanical treatments other than those specifically mentioned in this sub-class are concerned (see (2) above), non-metallic materials are excluded.
B23P 1/00
Working of metal by electro-erosion, i.e. removing particles from metal objects by direct action of high concentrations of electric current applied by devices taking the place of tools; Other metal-working using the same technique (tools for electrolytic grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24D; electrolytic surface treatment in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23B; using low concentrations of electric current, i.e. electrolytic etching or polishing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23B 3/00)
B23P 1/02
·
Apparatus; Devices; Electric circuits
B23P 1/04
· ·
for performing electro-erosion within an electrolytic medium
B23P 1/06
· ·
for arc discharge
B23P 1/08
· ·
for spark discharge
B23P 1/10
· ·
for combined erosion procedures; for simultaneous erosion and mechanical working of metal (mechanical grinding or polishing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)
B23P 1/12
·
Electrodes; Moving or positioning electrodes relatively to work
B23P 1/14
· ·
Maintaining the desired spacing between electrodes and work
B23P 1/16
·
Applications of particular working media, e.g. dielectrics, electrolytes
B23P 1/18
·
for built-up working, e.g. hard facing
B23P 1/20
·
for producing effects on surfaces, e.g. smoothing or roughening
by application of pressure only, or pressure and heat; Preparation of workpieces therefor
B23P 3/04
· ·
by means of a press
B23P 3/06
· ·
by passing through a rolling mill
B23P 3/08
· ·
by cold pressure welding
B23P 3/09
· ·
of blast pressure
B23P 3/10
·
involving melting the metal of one layer
B23P 3/12
·
Preventing air access during plating; Using protective gases or vacuum during plating (formed by means of an interposed layer of material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 3/14)
B23P 3/14
·
by interposing a special layer, e.g. for absorbing or producing gas, favouring the formation of the connection of the parts
B23P 3/16
·
Zonal plating by interposing weld-preventing substances between zones not to be welded
B23P 3/18
· ·
for making hollow objects of interjoined sheets or strips to be inflated or otherwise expanded (processes involving the inflation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D); Pretreatments therefor
B23P 3/20
·
of laminations of different materials, e.g. bimetallic strip, not covered by one of the preceding sub-groups
B23P 3/22
·
Joining to specific portions of workpieces parts of another quality
B23P 3/24
· ·
Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to table ware
B23P 3/26
· ·
for forming the working portions of tools, e.g. cutting edges
B23P 3/28
·
Special methods allowing subsequent separation, e.g. of metals of high quality from scrap material
B23P 5/00
Setting gems or the like on metal parts, e.g. diamonds on tools
B23P 7/00
Restoring or reconditioning objects (by casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22D 19/10; procedures or apparatus covered by a single other sub-class, and not restricted to restoring or reconditioning, see the relevant sub-class)
B23P 7/02
·
pistons or cylinders
B23P 7/04
·
Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings
by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
B23P 13/00
Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other sub-class (making specific objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/00)
B23P 13/02
·
in which only the machining operations are important
B23P 13/04
·
involving slicing of profiled material
B23P 15/00
Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other sub-class or a group in this sub-class
B23P 15/00
Note(s)
This group is to be understood as restricted to objects covered by its sub-groups.
B23P 15/02
·
turbine or like blades from one piece
B23P 15/04
·
turbine or like blades from several pieces
B23P 15/06
·
piston rings from one piece
B23P 15/08
·
piston rings from several pieces
B23P 15/10
·
pistons
B23P 15/12
·
gratings
B23P 15/14
·
gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
B23P 15/16
·
plates with holes of very small diameter e.g. for spinning or burner nozzles
for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
B23P 19/04
·
for assembling or disassembling parts
B23P 19/06
· ·
Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
B23P 19/08
· ·
Machines for placing washers, circlips, or the like on bolts or other members
B23P 21/00
Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
B23P 23/00
Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other sub-class (if the particular kinds of operation are not essential Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 37/00-B23Q 41/00; features relating to operations covered by a single sub-class, see the relevant sub-class for the operation)
for both machining and other metal-working operations
B23P 23/06
·
Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
B23P 25/00
Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress