|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01N |
INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (apparatus fully provided for in a single other sub-class, see the relevant sub-class; separating components of materials in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01J, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01K, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07; sensing humidity changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in humidity, see Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D or relevant sub-class for variable measured; testing or determining the properties of structures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M; measuring or investigating electric or magnetic properties of materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; determining sensitivity, graininess, or density of photographic materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C 5/02; testing component parts of nuclear reactors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C 17/00)

|  | G01N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01). In this sub-class, the term "investigating" means testing or determining the properties of materials, and the term "materials" includes solid, liquid, and gaseous media, e.g. the atmosphere.

|  | G01N 1/00 |
Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation

|  | G01N 1/02 |
· | Devices for withdrawing samples (for medical or veterinary purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A61; for deep drilling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 49/00)

|  | G01N 1/04 |
· · | in the solid state, e.g. by cutting

|  | G01N 1/06 |
· · · | providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome

|  | G01N 1/08 |
· · · | involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit

|  | G01N 1/10 |
· · | in the liquid or fluent state

|  | G01N 1/12 |
· · · | Dippers; Dredgers

|  | G01N 1/14 |
· · · | Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices

|  | G01N 1/16 |
· · · | with provision for intake at several levels (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/14 take precedence)

|  | G01N 1/18 |
· · · | with provision for splitting samples into portions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/14 take precedence; fraction-collection apparatus for chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/08)

|  | G01N 1/20 |
· · · | for flowing or falling materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/12, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/14 take precedence)

|  | G01N 1/22 |
· · | in the gaseous state

|  | G01N 1/24 |
· · · | Suction devices

|  | G01N 1/26 |
· · · | with provision for intake from several spaces

|  | G01N 1/28 |
· | Preparing specimens for investigation (mounting specimens on microscopic slides Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 21/34)

|  | G01N 1/30 |
· · | Staining; Impregnating

|  | G01N 1/32 |
· · | Polishing; Etching

|  | G01N 1/34 |
· · | Purifying; Cleaning

|  | G01N 3/00 |
Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress (strain-gauging Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; measuring stress in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L)

|  | G01N 3/00 |
Note(s) This group includes the stressing of materials not only below but also beyond the elastic limit, e.g. until breaking occurs.

|  | G01N 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | G01N 3/04 |
· · | Chucks

|  | G01N 3/06 |
· · | Special adaptations of indicating or recording means (indicating or recording means for measuring in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G01N 3/08 |
· | by applying steady tensile or compressive forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/10 |
· · | generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/12 |
· · · | Pressure-testing (testing fluid-tightness Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M 3/00)

|  | G01N 3/14 |
· · | generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by spring tension (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/16 |
· · | applied through gearing (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/18 |
· · | Performing tests at high or low temperatures

|  | G01N 3/20 |
· | by applying steady bending forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01N 3/22 |
· | by applying steady torsional forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01N 3/24 |
· | by applying steady shearing forces (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/28 take precedence)

|  | G01N 3/26 |
· | Investigating twisting or coiling properties

|  | G01N 3/28 |
· | Investigating ductility, e.g. suitability of sheet metal for deep-drawing or spinning

|  | G01N 3/30 |
· | by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight

|  | G01N 3/32 |
· | by applying repeated or pulsating forces (generation of such forces in general, see such classes or sub-classes as Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | G01N 3/34 |
· · | generated by mechanical means, e.g. hammer blows

|  | G01N 3/36 |
· · | generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means

|  | G01N 3/38 |
· · | generated by electromagnetic means

|  | G01N 3/40 |
· | Investigating hardness or rebound hardness

|  | G01N 3/42 |
· · | by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/44 |
· · · | the indentors being put under a minor load and a subsequent major load, i.e. Rockwell system

|  | G01N 3/46 |
· · · | the indentors performing a scratching movement

|  | G01N 3/48 |
· · | by performing impressions under impulsive load by indentors, e.g. falling ball (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/50 |
· · | by measuring rolling friction, e.g. by rocking pendulum (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/52 |
· · | by measuring extent of rebound of a striking body (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 3/54 |
· · | Performing tests at high or low temperatures

|  | G01N 3/56 |
· | Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

|  | G01N 3/58 |
· | Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools

|  | G01N 3/60 |
· | Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes

|  | G01N 3/62 |
· | Manufacturing, calibrating, or repairing devices used in investigations covered by the preceding sub-groups

|  | G01N 5/00 |
Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 9/00 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 5/02 |
· | by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content

|  | G01N 5/04 |
· | by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder

|  | G01N 7/00 |
Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour

|  | G01N 7/02 |
· | by absorption, adsorption, or combustion of components and measurement of the change in pressure or volume of the remainder

|  | G01N 7/04 |
· · | by absorption or adsorption alone

|  | G01N 7/06 |
· · | by combustion alone

|  | G01N 7/08 |
· · | by combustion followed by absorption or adsorption of the combustion products

|  | G01N 7/10 |
· | by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference

|  | G01N 7/12 |
· · | the diffusion being followed by combustion or catalytic oxidation

|  | G01N 7/14 |
· | by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference

|  | G01N 7/16 |
· · | by heating the material

|  | G01N 7/18 |
· · | by allowing the material to react

|  | G01N 7/20 |
· · · | the reaction being fermentation

|  | G01N 7/22 |
· · · · | of dough

|  | G01N 9/00 |
Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity (weighing apparatus per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G)

|  | G01N 9/02 |
· | by measuring weight of a known volume

|  | G01N 9/04 |
· · | of fluids

|  | G01N 9/06 |
· · · | with continuous circulation through a pivotally-supported member

|  | G01N 9/08 |
· | by measuring buoyant force of solid materials by weighing both in air and in a liquid

|  | G01N 9/10 |
· | by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials

|  | G01N 9/12 |
· · | by observing the depth of immersion of the bodies, e.g. hydrometers

|  | G01N 9/14 |
· · · | the body being built into a container

|  | G01N 9/16 |
· · · | the body being pivoted

|  | G01N 9/18 |
· · · | Special adaptations for indicating, recording, or control

|  | G01N 9/20 |
· · | by balancing the weight of the bodies

|  | G01N 9/22 |
· · · | with continuous circulation of the fluid

|  | G01N 9/24 |
· | by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material

|  | G01N 9/26 |
· | by measuring pressure differences

|  | G01N 9/28 |
· · | by measuring the blowing pressure of gas bubbles escaping from nozzles at different depths in a liquid

|  | G01N 9/30 |
· | by using centrifugal effects

|  | G01N 9/32 |
· | by using flow properties of fluids, e.g. flow through tubes or apertures

|  | G01N 9/34 |
· · | by using elements moving through the fluid, e.g. vane

|  | G01N 9/36 |
· | Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture (methods of measurement in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 9/02-G01N 9/32)

|  | G01N 11/00 |
Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties

|  | G01N 11/02 |
· | by measuring flow of the material

|  | G01N 11/04 |
· · | through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture

|  | G01N 11/06 |
· · · | by timing the outflow of a known quantity

|  | G01N 11/08 |
· · · | by measuring pressure required to produce a known flow

|  | G01N 11/10 |
· | by moving a body within the material

|  | G01N 11/12 |
· · | by measuring rising or falling speed of the body; by measuring penetration of wedged gauges (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 11/16 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 11/14 |
· · | by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 11/16 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 11/16 |
· · | by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body

|  | G01N 13/00 |
Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects

|  | G01N 13/02 |
· | Investigating surface tension of liquids

|  | G01N 13/04 |
· | Investigating osmotic effects

|  | G01N 15/00 |
Investigating particle size or concentration; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials; Analysing materials by determining these properties

|  | G01N 15/02 |
· | Investigating particle size or size distribution (by sedimentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/04; by filtering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; by sifting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B07B)

|  | G01N 15/04 |
· | Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions

|  | G01N 15/06 |
· | Investigating concentration of particle suspensions (by sedimentation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 15/04; by weighing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 5/00)

|  | G01N 15/08 |
· | Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials

|  | G01N 17/00 |
Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light

|  | G01N 19/00 |
Investigating materials by mechanical methods (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 17/00 take precedence)

|  | G01N 19/02 |
· | Measuring coefficient of friction between materials

|  | G01N 19/04 |
· | Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating

|  | G01N 19/06 |
· | Investigating by removing material, e.g. spark-testing

|  | G01N 19/08 |
· | Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities (measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B 5/28)

|  | G01N 19/10 |
· | Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers

|  | G01N 21/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 19/00 take precedence; by investigating a spectrum Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J 3/00; optical elements of measuring instruments Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B)

|  | G01N 21/02 |
· | by investigating colour or absorption of light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/54 takes precedence; candling eggs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/08; measuring colour or intensity of light in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01J)

|  | G01N 21/04 |
· · | using direct observation by the eye

|  | G01N 21/06 |
· · · | for observing occurrence of a colour or density change, e.g. of an indicator (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 21/08 |
· · · · | Investigating pH values (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 21/10 |
· · · · | Investigating moisture content (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 21/12 |
· · · · | Investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols, e.g. smoke (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/18 take precedence; indicating the presence of smoke for fire-fighting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C 39/02)

|  | G01N 21/14 |
· · · · · | of dangerous gases

|  | G01N 21/16 |
· · · · | Investigating the presence of flaws, e.g. by using ink, by using fluorescent paint (using magnetic powder or magnetic ink Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/84)

|  | G01N 21/18 |
· · · · | Specially adapted for continuous indication, e.g. with moving strip (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/16 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 21/20 |
· · · | for comparing with one or more standard colours or densities; for observing extinction

|  | G01N 21/22 |
· · | using electric detection means

|  | G01N 21/24 |
· · · | the material being confined in a container, e.g. bottle

|  | G01N 21/26 |
· · · | the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid

|  | G01N 21/28 |
· · · · | Specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling (measuring electric values Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; regulating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D; signalling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08C)

|  | G01N 21/30 |
· · · | the material being a moving sheet (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/32 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 21/32 |
· · · | Investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 21/34 |
· · | using means sensitive to infra-red or ultra-violet light (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/22 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 21/36 |
· · · | using the change in temperature, volume, or pressure, of a confined gas

|  | G01N 21/38 |
· · · | using fluorescent materials

|  | G01N 21/40 |
· | by measuring rotation of plane of polarized light, e.g. saccharimeter (photo-elastic strain gauging Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; polarizing elements per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 5/30)

|  | G01N 21/42 |
· · | Polarimeters of separated-field type; Polarimeters of half-shadow type

|  | G01N 21/44 |
· · | Polarimeters using electric detection means

|  | G01N 21/46 |
· | by measuring refractive index; by interferometry

|  | G01N 21/48 |
· | by measuring reflectance

|  | G01N 21/50 |
· · | for determining dew-point

|  | G01N 21/52 |
· | Investigating the fluorescent properties of materials

|  | G01N 21/54 |
· | by investigating flames produced by combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. shape of flame

|  | G01N 21/56 |
· · | by observing colour or intensity of light emitted

|  | G01N 21/58 |
· · · | using photoelectric means

|  | G01N 21/60 |
· | by using microscopes (preparing specimens for examination Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 1/28; microscopes per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 21/00)

|  | G01N 23/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation not covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 21/00, e.g. X-rays, neutrons (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 17/00 take precedence; using radar or sonar methods Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; introducing objects or materials into nuclear reactors, or removing them therefrom, or storing them after treatment therein Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G21C; construction or operation of X-ray apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05G)

|  | G01N 23/02 |
· | by transmitting the radiation through the material (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/24 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 23/04 |
· · | and forming a picture (electron microscopes per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J)

|  | G01N 23/06 |
· · | and measuring the absorption

|  | G01N 23/08 |
· · · | using electric detection means

|  | G01N 23/10 |
· · · · | the material being confined in a container

|  | G01N 23/12 |
· · · · | the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid

|  | G01N 23/14 |
· · · · · | specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling

|  | G01N 23/16 |
· · · · | the material being a moving sheet (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 23/18 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 23/18 |
· · · · | Investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 23/20 |
· | by using diffraction of the radiation, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using reflection of the radiation

|  | G01N 23/22 |
· | by using secondary emission

|  | G01N 23/24 |
· | by using micro-waves

|  | G01N 25/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 23/00 take precedence)

|  | G01N 25/02 |
· | by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering

|  | G01N 25/04 |
· · | of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point

|  | G01N 25/06 |
· · · | Analysis by measuring change of freezing point

|  | G01N 25/08 |
· · | of boiling point

|  | G01N 25/10 |
· · · | Analysis by measuring change of boiling point

|  | G01N 25/12 |
· · | of critical point; of other phase change

|  | G01N 25/14 |
· | by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/02 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 25/16 |
· | by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion

|  | G01N 25/18 |
· | by investigating thermal conductivity (by calorimetry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/20; by measuring change of resistance of an electrically-heated body Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/18)

|  | G01N 25/20 |
· | by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity (calorimeters per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K)

|  | G01N 25/22 |
· · | on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures

|  | G01N 25/24 |
· · · | using combustion tubes, e.g. for micro-analysis

|  | G01N 25/26 |
· · · | using combustion with oxygen under pressure, e.g. in bomb calorimeter

|  | G01N 25/28 |
· · · | the rise in temperature of the gases resulting from combustion being measured directly

|  | G01N 25/30 |
· · · · | using electric temperature-responsive elements

|  | G01N 25/32 |
· · · · · | using thermoelectric elements

|  | G01N 25/34 |
· · · · | using mechanical temperature-responsive elements, e.g. bimetallic (bimetallic elements per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B 1/02)

|  | G01N 25/36 |
· · · · · | for investigating the composition of gas mixtures

|  | G01N 25/38 |
· · · · | using the melting or combustion of a solid

|  | G01N 25/40 |
· · · | the heat developed being transferred to a flowing fluid

|  | G01N 25/42 |
· · · · | continuously

|  | G01N 25/44 |
· · · | the heat developed being transferred to a fixed quantity of fluid

|  | G01N 25/46 |
· · · · | for investigating the composition of gas mixtures

|  | G01N 25/48 |
· · | on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation

|  | G01N 25/50 |
· | by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility

|  | G01N 25/52 |
· · | by determining flash-point of liquids

|  | G01N 25/54 |
· · | by determining explosibility

|  | G01N 25/56 |
· | by investigating moisture content

|  | G01N 25/58 |
· · | by measuring changes of properties of the material due to heat, cold, or expansion

|  | G01N 25/60 |
· · · | for determining the wetness of steam

|  | G01N 25/62 |
· · | by psychometric means, e.g. wet-and-dry-bulb thermometers

|  | G01N 25/64 |
· · · | using electric temperature-responsive elements

|  | G01N 25/66 |
· · | by investigating dew-point

|  | G01N 25/68 |
· · · | by varying the temperature of a condensing surface

|  | G01N 25/70 |
· · · | by varying the temperature of the material, e.g. by compression, by expansion

|  | G01N 25/72 |
· | Investigating presence of flaws (by investigating thermal conductivity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/18)

|  | G01N 27/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 25/00 take precedence; measurement or testing of electric or magnetic variables or of electric or magnetic properties of materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R)

|  | G01N 27/02 |
· | by investigating impedance of the material

|  | G01N 27/04 |
· · | by investigating resistance

|  | G01N 27/06 |
· · · | of a liquid (involving electrolysis Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/26, involving polarography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/48)

|  | G01N 27/08 |
· · · · | which is flowing continuously

|  | G01N 27/10 |
· · · · · | Investigation or analysis specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling (regulating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D)

|  | G01N 27/12 |
· · · | of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid

|  | G01N 27/14 |
· · · | of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature

|  | G01N 27/16 |
· · · · | caused by burning or catalytic oxidation of a surrounding material to be tested, e.g. of gas

|  | G01N 27/18 |
· · · · | caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/20 |
· · · | Investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 27/22 |
· · | by investigating capacitance

|  | G01N 27/24 |
· · · | Investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 27/26 |
· | by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis (using chromatography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/08; electrochemical processes or apparatus in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01K)

|  | G01N 27/28 |
· · | Details, e.g. containers

|  | G01N 27/30 |
· · · | Electrodes, e.g. testing electrodes

|  | G01N 27/32 |
· · · · | Calomel electrodes

|  | G01N 27/34 |
· · · · | Dropping-mercury electrodes

|  | G01N 27/36 |
· · · · | Glass electrodes

|  | G01N 27/38 |
· · · · | Cleaning of electrodes

|  | G01N 27/40 |
· · · | Semi-permeable membranes or partitions

|  | G01N 27/42 |
· · | by measuring deposition or liberation of materials from an electrolyte; Coulometry, i.e. measuring coulomb-equivalent of material in an electrolyte

|  | G01N 27/44 |
· · · | using electrolysis to generate a reagent, e.g. for titration

|  | G01N 27/46 |
· · | by measuring currents or voltages in voltaic cells (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/02 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/48 |
· · · | Polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage

|  | G01N 27/50 |
· · · | due to effect at an electrode (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/48 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/52 |
· · · · | using oxidation of an electrode; using oxidation-reduction effects

|  | G01N 27/54 |
· · · · | using depolarisation at an electrode

|  | G01N 27/56 |
· · · | due to effect in the electrolyte, e.g. for pH measurement (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/48 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/58 |
· · · · | Concentration cells

|  | G01N 27/60 |
· | by investigating electrostatic variables, e.g. electrographic flaw testing (by investigating capacitance Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/22)

|  | G01N 27/62 |
· | by investigating the ionisation of gases; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode (particle spectrometers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 39/34)

|  | G01N 27/64 |
· · | using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber

|  | G01N 27/66 |
· · · | and measuring current or voltage

|  | G01N 27/68 |
· · | using electric discharge to ionise a gas

|  | G01N 27/70 |
· · · | and measuring current or voltage

|  | G01N 27/72 |
· | by investigating magnetic variables

|  | G01N 27/74 |
· · | of fluids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 27/28 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 27/76 |
· · · | by investigating susceptibility

|  | G01N 27/78 |
· · | using nuclear or electron magnetic resonance; using spin effects

|  | G01N 27/80 |
· · | for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material

|  | G01N 27/82 |
· · | for investigating the presence of flaws

|  | G01N 27/84 |
· · · | by applying magnetic powder

|  | G01N 27/86 |
· · · | by using inductive methods, e.g. by eddy currents

|  | G01N 27/88 |
· · · · | the magnetic field being produced by passing a current through the material

|  | G01N 29/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of sonic or ultrasonic vibrations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 27/00 take precedence)

|  | G01N 29/02 |
· | for analysing fluids

|  | G01N 29/04 |
· | for investigating presence of flaws

|  | G01N 31/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the sub-groups; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods (chromatographic separation processes per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D)

|  | G01N 31/00 |
Note(s) The observation of the progress of the reactions specified below by any of the methods specified in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 3/00-G01N 29/00, if this is of major importance, is dealt with in the group concerned.

|  | G01N 31/02 |
· | using precipitation

|  | G01N 31/04 |
· | using ion-exchange

|  | G01N 31/06 |
· | using absorption or adsorption

|  | G01N 31/08 |
· | using chromatography (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/06 take precedence)

|  | G01N 31/10 |
· | using catalysis

|  | G01N 31/12 |
· | using combustion (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 25/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 31/14 |
· | using enzyme reactions

|  | G01N 31/16 |
· | using titration

|  | G01N 31/18 |
· · | Burettes specially adapted for titration (burettes in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01L 3/02)

|  | G01N 31/20 |
· | using micro-analysis, e.g. drop reaction

|  | G01N 31/22 |
· | using chemical indicators (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 31/02 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/00 |
Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups (microbiological research Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12K)

|  | G01N 33/02 |
· | food

|  | G01N 33/04 |
· · | dairy products

|  | G01N 33/06 |
· · · | Determining fat content, e.g. by butyrometer

|  | G01N 33/08 |
· · | eggs, e.g. by candling

|  | G01N 33/10 |
· · | starch-containing substances, e.g. dough

|  | G01N 33/12 |
· · | meat; fish

|  | G01N 33/14 |
· · | beverages

|  | G01N 33/16 |
· | biological material, e.g. blood, urine (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/02-G01N 33/14 take precedence; determining the germinating capacity of seeds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01C 1/02)

|  | G01N 33/18 |
· | water

|  | G01N 33/20 |
· | metals

|  | G01N 33/22 |
· | fuels; explosives

|  | G01N 33/24 |
· | earth materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/42 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/26 |
· | oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/22 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/28 |
· · | oils

|  | G01N 33/30 |
· · · | for lubricating properties

|  | G01N 33/32 |
· · | paints; inks

|  | G01N 33/34 |
· | paper

|  | G01N 33/36 |
· | textiles

|  | G01N 33/38 |
· | concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks

|  | G01N 33/40 |
· | grinding-materials

|  | G01N 33/42 |
· | road-making materials (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01N 33/38 takes precedence)

|  | G01N 33/44 |
· | resins; rubber; leather

|  | G01N 33/46 |
· | wood