|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

ENGINES AND PUMPS

|  | F02 |
COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves therefor, lubricating, exhausting, or silencing engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01); HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

|  | F02B |
INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (plants in which engines use combustion products Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02G; internal-combustion turbines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C)

|  | F02B |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01, specially as regards Note 2 (a). In this sub-class: The following words are used with the meanings indicated: "Positive ignition" means ignition by a source external to the working fluid, e.g. by spark or incandescent source. "Charging" means forcing air or fuel-air mixture into engine cylinders, and thus embraces supercharging. "Scavenging" forcing the combustion residues from the cylinders other than by movement of the working pistons, and thus embraces tuned exhaust systems. Engines with specified cycles or number of cylinders are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B 75/02 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B 75/16, unless other classifying features predominate.

|  | F02C |
GAS-TURBINE PLANTS (construction of turbines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D; construction of compressors or fans Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04; fuel combustion apparatus in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23; gas-turbine plant working on a refrigerating cycle Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25; using gas-turbine plants in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes)

|  | F02C |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01. Notes on scope This sub-class comprises: combustion product or hot gas turbine plants (steam turbine plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K); internal combustion turbines or turbine plants; turbine plants in which the working fluid is an unheated, pressurised gas (special vapour plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K). In this sub-class, the term "gas-turbine plants" covers all the above subject-matter and it additionally embraces features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants.

|  | F02D |
CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves for combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L; controlling combustion engine lubrication Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M; cooling internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P; supplying combustion engines with combustible mixtures or constituents thereof, e.g. carburettors, injection pumps, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M; starting of combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02N; controlling of ignition Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02P; controlling gas-turbine plants, jet-propulsion plants, or combustion-product engine plants, see the relevant sub-classes for these plants)

|  | F02D |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01. In this sub-class: The following words are used with the meanings indicated: "Fuel injection" means the introduction of a combustible substance into a space, e.g. cylinder, by means of a pressure source, e.g. a pump, continuously or cyclically acting behind the substance. "Supercharging" means supplying to the working space, e.g. cylinder, combustion-air pressurised by means of a pressure source, e.g. a pump.

|  | F02F |
CYLINDERS, PISTONS, CASINGS OR CRANKCASE VENTILATION FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston internal-combustion engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B; specially adapted for gas-turbine plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C; specially adapted for jet-propulsion plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K)

|  | F02F |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01. In considering the relationship between class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16 and sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02F, class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16 will take precedence unless the subject-matter is specific to combustion engines.

|  | F02G |
HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS (steam engine plants, special vapour plants, plants operating on either hot gas or combustion-product gases together with other fluid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K; gas-turbine plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C; jet-propulsion plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02K); USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | F02G |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01.

|  | F02K |
JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (nozzles in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B05B; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in land vehicles or vehicles in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60K; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plant in waterborne vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63H; controlling aircraft, flight direction, or attitude by jet reaction Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64C; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plant in aircraft Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64D; plants characterised by the power of the working fluid being divided between jet propulsion and another form of propulsion, e.g. propeller, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C; features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plant Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C)

|  | F02K |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01. In this sub-class: The term "jet-propulsion plants" means plants using combustion to produce a fluid stream from which a propulsive thrust on the plants is obtained on the reaction principle.

|  | F02M |
SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF (charging such engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B)

|  | F02M |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01. In this sub-class: The following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "Carburettors" means essentially apparatus for mixing fuel with air, the fuel being brought into mixing contact with the air by lowering the air pressure, e.g. in a Venturi. "Fuel-injection apparatus" means apparatus for introducing fuel into a space, e.g. engine cylinder, by pressurising the fuel, e.g. by means of a pump acting behind the fuel, and thus embraces the so-called "solid-fuel injection" in which liquid fuel is introduced without any admixture of gas. "Low-pressure fuel injection" means fuel injection in which the fuel-air mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed in the compression stroke of the engine. "Pumping element" means a single piston-cylinder unit in a reciprocating-piston fuel-injection pump or the equivalent unit in any other type of fuel-injection pump.

|  | F02N |
STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES (starting of free-piston combustion-engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B 71/02; starting of gas-turbine plants Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02C 7/26); STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | F02N |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01. The starting of engines which are not explicitly stated to be combustion engines classified in this sub-class in so far as their starting is equivalent to that of combustion engines.

|  | F02P |
IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B 53/12; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23Q; electrical components in general Section H; sparking plugs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01T)