|  | C |
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY

METALLURGY

|  | C22 |
METALLURGY (of iron Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR OF NON-FERROUS METALS

|  | C22B |
PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS (electrothermic Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22D); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

|  | C22B |
Note(s) In this sub-class, groups for obtaining metals include obtaining the metals by non-metallurgical processes, and obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes. Thus, for example, group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 11/00 covers the production of silver by reduction of ammoniacal silver oxide in solution, and group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 17/00 includes the production of cadmium oxide by a metallurgical process. Furthermore, although compounds of arsenic and antimony are classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01B, production of the elements themselves is included in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B, as well as the production of their compounds by metallurgical processes.

|  | C22B 1/00 |
Preliminary treatment of ores in general (furnaces, sintering apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B)

|  | C22B 1/02 |
· | Roasting processes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 1/16 takes precedence)

|  | C22B 1/04 |
· · | Blast roasting

|  | C22B 1/06 |
· · | Sulphating roasting

|  | C22B 1/08 |
· · | Chloridising roasting

|  | C22B 1/10 |
· · | in fluidised form

|  | C22B 1/12 |
· | Forming intermediary products, other than oxides, sulphates, chlorides, otherwise than by roasting

|  | C22B 1/14 |
· | Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating

|  | C22B 1/16 |
· · | Sintering; Agglomerating

|  | C22B 1/18 |
· · · | in sinter pots

|  | C22B 1/20 |
· · · | in sintering machines with movable grates

|  | C22B 1/22 |
· · · | in other sintering apparatus

|  | C22B 1/24 |
· · | Binding; Briquetting

|  | C22B 1/26 |
· | Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores

|  | C22B 3/00 |
Extraction of metal compounds from ores by wet methods

|  | C22B 3/02 |
· | Apparatus therefor

|  | C22B 5/00 |
General methods of reducing to metals

|  | C22B 5/02 |
· | Dry methods

|  | C22B 5/04 |
· · | by aluminium, other metals, or silicon

|  | C22B 5/06 |
· · | by carbides or the like

|  | C22B 5/08 |
· · | by sulphides; Roasting reaction methods

|  | C22B 5/10 |
· · | by solid carbonaceous reducing agents

|  | C22B 5/12 |
· · | by gases

|  | C22B 5/14 |
· · · | fluidised material

|  | C22B 5/16 |
· · | with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced

|  | C22B 5/18 |
· · | Reducing step-by-step

|  | C22B 5/20 |
· · | from metal carbonyls

|  | C22B 7/00 |
Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof

|  | C22B 7/02 |
· | Working-up flue dust

|  | C22B 7/04 |
· | Working-up slag

|  | C22B 9/00 |
General methods of refining metals

|  | C22B 9/02 |
· | by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, supersonic wave action, or other non-chemical methods

|  | C22B 9/04 |
· · | by applying a vacuum

|  | C22B 9/06 |
· | by poling

|  | C22B 9/08 |
· | by chemical means

|  | C22B 9/10 |
· · | with fluxing and refining agents

|  | C22B 9/12 |
· · | Refining molten metals

|  | C22B 9/14 |
· | in the solid state

|  | C22B 11/00 |
Obtaining noble metals

|  | C22B 11/02 |
· | by dry processes

|  | C22B 11/04 |
· | by wet processes

|  | C22B 11/06 |
· | chloridising

|  | C22B 11/08 |
· | by cyaniding

|  | C22B 11/10 |
· | by amalgamating

|  | C22B 11/12 |
· · | Apparatus therefor

|  | C22B 13/00 |
Obtaining lead

|  | C22B 13/02 |
· | by dry processes

|  | C22B 13/04 |
· | by wet processes

|  | C22B 13/06 |
· | Refining

|  | C22B 13/08 |
· · | Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. by Parkes process

|  | C22B 13/10 |
· · | Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process

|  | C22B 15/00 |
Obtaining copper

|  | C22B 15/02 |
· | in blast furnaces

|  | C22B 15/04 |
· | in reverberatory furnaces

|  | C22B 15/06 |
· | in converters

|  | C22B 15/08 |
· | with leaching with acids and salt solutions

|  | C22B 15/10 |
· | with leaching with ammonia or ammonia-salt solutions

|  | C22B 15/12 |
· | by precipitating from solutions

|  | C22B 15/14 |
· | Refining

|  | C22B 17/00 |
Obtaining cadmium

|  | C22B 17/02 |
· | by dry process

|  | C22B 17/04 |
· | by wet process

|  | C22B 17/06 |
· | Refining

|  | C22B 19/00 |
Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide

|  | C22B 19/02 |
· | Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide

|  | C22B 19/04 |
· | Obtaining zinc by distilling

|  | C22B 19/06 |
· · | in muffle furnaces

|  | C22B 19/08 |
· · | in blast furnaces

|  | C22B 19/10 |
· · | in reverberatory furnaces

|  | C22B 19/12 |
· · | in crucible furnaces

|  | C22B 19/14 |
· · | in vertical retorts

|  | C22B 19/16 |
· · | Distilling vessels

|  | C22B 19/18 |
· · · | Condensers; Receiving vessels

|  | C22B 19/20 |
· | Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling

|  | C22B 19/22 |
· · | with leaching with acids

|  | C22B 19/24 |
· · | with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia

|  | C22B 19/26 |
· · | Refining solutions obtained by leaching zinc ores

|  | C22B 19/28 |
· | from muffle furnace residues

|  | C22B 19/30 |
· | from metallic residues or scraps

|  | C22B 19/32 |
· | Refining zinc

|  | C22B 19/34 |
· | Obtaining zinc oxide (purifying zinc oxide Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C01G)

|  | C22B 19/36 |
· · | in blast or reverberatory furnaces

|  | C22B 19/38 |
· · | in rotary furnaces

|  | C22B 21/00 |
Obtaining aluminium

|  | C22B 21/02 |
· | with reducing

|  | C22B 21/04 |
· | with alkali metals

|  | C22B 21/06 |
· | Refining

|  | C22B 23/00 |
Obtaining nickel or cobalt

|  | C22B 23/02 |
· | by dry processess

|  | C22B 23/04 |
· | by wet processes

|  | C22B 23/06 |
· | Refining

|  | C22B 25/00 |
Obtaining tin

|  | C22B 25/02 |
· | by dry processes

|  | C22B 25/04 |
· | by wet processes

|  | C22B 25/06 |
· | from scrap, especially tin scrap (detinning electrolytically Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22D 1/20)

|  | C22B 25/08 |
· | Refining

|  | C22B 27/00 |
Alkali metals

|  | C22B 29/00 |
Alkaline-earth metals

|  | C22B 31/00 |
Antimony

|  | C22B 33/00 |
Arsenic

|  | C22B 35/00 |
Beryllium

|  | C22B 37/00 |
Bismuth

|  | C22B 39/00 |
Chromium

|  | C22B 41/00 |
Germanium

|  | C22B 43/00 |
Mercury

|  | C22B 45/00 |
Magnesium

|  | C22B 47/00 |
Manganese

|  | C22B 49/00 |
Molybdenum

|  | C22B 51/00 |
Columbium and/or tantalum

|  | C22B 53/00 |
Titanium

|  | C22B 55/00 |
Vanadium

|  | C22B 57/00 |
Tungsten

|  | C22B 59/00 |
Metals of the rare earths

|  | C22B 61/00 |
Other metals not mentioned before in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B (iron Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21)

|  | C22B 61/02 |
· | Zirconium; Hafnium

|  | C22B 61/04 |
· | Thorium, uranium, plutonium, and other actinides

|  | C22B 61/06 |
· | Gallium; Indium