|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G05 |
CONTROLLING; REGULATING (specially adapted to a particular field of use, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | G05 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes (particularly the definition of the term "variable") on page 1 of this elaboration. This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling in general. In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "Controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation. "Regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control; the term "automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for "regulation". "Proportional band" means that range of values of deviation which corresponds to the full operating range of output signal of the controlling unit resulting from proportional action only.

|  | G05D |
SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES (valves in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; sensing non-electric variables, see the relevant sub-classes of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; for regulating electric or magnetic variables Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F)

|  | G05D |
Note(s) This sub-class comprises only (a) systems for regulation of non-electric variables and (b) systems for control of non-electric variables and involving comparison between the actual and desired values of the variables to be controlled. The term "systems" in this sub-class includes self-contained devices such as speed governors, pressure regulators. Features of general applicability to regulating systems, e.g. anti-hunting arrangements, are classified in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B. Control systems designed specifically for particular apparatus, machines, or processes are normally classified in the sub-classes for the apparatus, machines, or processes.

|  | G05D 1/00 |
Control of position, course, or attitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot (steering applicable only to other than land-borne vehicles, e.g. three-dimensional steering applicable to both aircraft, and submarines, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60K; construction or disposition of steering means on land vehicles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B62, on waterborne vessels Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63; manual or automatic control of aircraft, e.g. using automatic pilot or radiated signals, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B64C; radio navigation systems or analogous systems using other waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S)

|  | G05D 1/02 |
· | Control of position or course according to a horizontal frame of co-ordinates

|  | G05D 1/03 |
· · | using near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive-loop type

|  | G05D 1/04 |
· | Control of altitude or depth

|  | G05D 1/06 |
· · | Rate of change of altitude or depth

|  | G05D 1/08 |
· | Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw

|  | G05D 1/10 |
· | Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 1/12 takes precedence)

|  | G05D 1/12 |
· | Target-seeking control

|  | G05D 3/00 |
Control of position or direction (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 1/00 takes precedence)

|  | G05D 3/02 |
· | of light beam or spot (structural association of search light with its directing gear Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21M, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21M 3/00)

|  | G05D 3/04 |
· | of a member relative to a body being worked on or tested by the member (controlling machine tools Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q; testing arrangements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01)

|  | G05D 3/06 |
· | of moving web or strip (of conveyers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 43/00; of webs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 25/00)

|  | G05D 3/08 |
· | of bodies moving along a fixed track (on conveyers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G)

|  | G05D 5/00 |
Control of dimensions of material

|  | G05D 5/02 |
· | of thickness, e.g. of rolled material (of specific materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D21F)

|  | G05D 5/03 |
· · | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 5/04 |
· | of the size of items, e.g. of particles

|  | G05D 5/06 |
· · | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 7/00 |
Control of flow (level control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 9/00; ratio control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 11/00; weighing apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01G)

|  | G05D 7/01 |
· | without auxiliary power

|  | G05D 7/03 |
· | with auxiliary power

|  | G05D 7/06 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 9/00 |
Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel (controlling level of liquid-pool electrode in electric discharge tubes and lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 1/10, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 13/14)

|  | G05D 9/02 |
· | without auxiliary power

|  | G05D 9/04 |
· | with auxiliary power

|  | G05D 9/12 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 11/00 |
Ratio control (humidity control Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 22/00)

|  | G05D 11/02 |
· | Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material

|  | G05D 11/03 |
· · | without auxiliary power

|  | G05D 11/035 |
· · | with auxiliary power

|  | G05D 11/04 |
· · · | by sensing weight of individual components, e.g. gravimetric procedure

|  | G05D 11/06 |
· · · | by sensing density of mixture, e.g. using aerometer

|  | G05D 11/08 |
· · · | by sensing concentration of mixture, e.g. measuring pH-value

|  | G05D 11/10 |
· · · · | by sensing moisture of non-aqueous liquids

|  | G05D 11/12 |
· · · | by sensing viscosity of mixture

|  | G05D 11/13 |
· · | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 11/16 |
· | Controlling mixing ratio of fluids having different temperatures, e.g. by sensing the temperature of a mixture of fluids having different viscosities

|  | G05D 13/00 |
Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover (of dynamo-electric machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P; synchronising telegraph receiver and transmitter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 1/36)

|  | G05D 13/02 |
· | Details

|  | G05D 13/04 |
· · | providing for emergency tripping of an engine in case of exceeding maximum speed

|  | G05D 13/06 |
· · | providing for damping of erratic vibrations in governors

|  | G05D 13/08 |
· | without auxiliary power

|  | G05D 13/10 |
· · | Centrifugal governors with fly-weights

|  | G05D 13/12 |
· · · | Details

|  | G05D 13/14 |
· · · · | Fly-weights; Mountings thereof; Adjusting equipment for limits, e.g. temporarily

|  | G05D 13/16 |
· · · · | Risers; Transmission gear therefor; Restoring mechanisms therefor

|  | G05D 13/18 |
· · · | counterbalanced by spider springs acting immediately upon the fly-weights

|  | G05D 13/20 |
· · · | counterbalanced by spider springs acting upon the articulated riser

|  | G05D 13/22 |
· · · | counterbalanced by fluid pressure acting upon the articulated riser

|  | G05D 13/24 |
· · · | counterbalanced by two or more different appliances acting simultaneously upon the riser, e.g. with both spring force and fluid pressure, with both spring force and electromagnetic force

|  | G05D 13/26 |
· · · | with provision for modulating the degree of non-uniformity of speed

|  | G05D 13/28 |
· · · | with provision for performing braking effects in case of increased speed

|  | G05D 13/30 |
· · | Governors characterised by fluid features in which the speed of a shaft is converted into fluid pressure (transducers converting variations of physical quantities into fluid-pressure variations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B 5/00)

|  | G05D 13/32 |
· · · | using a pump

|  | G05D 13/34 |
· | with auxiliary power (fluid-pressure converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B 3/00)

|  | G05D 13/36 |
· · | using regulating devices with proportional band, i.e. P. regulating devices

|  | G05D 13/38 |
· · · | involving centrifugal governors of fly-weight type

|  | G05D 13/40 |
· · · | involving fluid governors of pump type

|  | G05D 13/42 |
· · · | involving fluid governors of flow-controller type, i.e. the width of liquid flow being controlled by fly-weights

|  | G05D 13/44 |
· · · | involving fluid governors of jet type

|  | G05D 13/46 |
· · | using regulating devices with proportional band and integral action, i.e. P.I. regulating devices

|  | G05D 13/48 |
· · · | involving resilient restoring mechanisms

|  | G05D 13/50 |
· · · | involving connecting means for superimposing a proportional regulating device and an integral regulating device

|  | G05D 13/52 |
· · | using regulating devices with proportional band and derivative action, i.e. P.D. regulating devices

|  | G05D 13/54 |
· · · | involving centrifugal governors of fly-weight type exerting an acceleratory effect

|  | G05D 13/56 |
· · · | involving restoring mechanisms exerting a delay effect

|  | G05D 13/58 |
· · · | involving means for connecting a speed-regulating device and an acceleration-regulating device

|  | G05D 13/60 |
· · | using regulating devices with proportional band, derivative, and integral action, i.e. P.I.D. regulating devices

|  | G05D 13/62 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means, e.g. use of a tachometric dynamo, use of a transducer converting an electric value into a displacement

|  | G05D 13/64 |
· | Compensating the speed difference between engines meshing by a differential gearing or the speed difference between a controlling shaft and a controlled shaft

|  | G05D 13/66 |
· | Governor units providing for co-operation with control dependent upon a variable other than speed

|  | G05D 15/00 |
Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical pressure

|  | G05D 15/01 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 16/00 |
Control of fluid pressure (control of pressure in electric discharge tubes or lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 7/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 13/28, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 17/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 19/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 29/94, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 35/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 61/24; control of pressure in electric incandescent lamps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01K 1/52)

|  | G05D 16/02 |
· | Modifications to reduce the effects of instability, e.g. due to vibrations, friction, abnormal temperature, overloading, unbalance (vibration-dampers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16F 7/00)

|  | G05D 16/04 |
· | without auxiliary power

|  | G05D 16/06 |
· · | the sensing element being a flexible member yielding to pressure, e.g. diaphragm, bellows, capsule

|  | G05D 16/08 |
· · · | Control of liquid pressure

|  | G05D 16/10 |
· · | the sensing element being a piston or plunger

|  | G05D 16/12 |
· · | the sensing element being a float

|  | G05D 16/14 |
· | with auxiliary power

|  | G05D 16/16 |
· · | derived from the controlled fluid

|  | G05D 16/18 |
· · | derived from an external source

|  | G05D 16/20 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 17/00 |
Control of torque; Control of mechanical power

|  | G05D 17/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 19/00 |
Control of mechanical oscillations, e.g. of amplitude, of frequency, of phase (generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B06B; control of electric motors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02P)

|  | G05D 19/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 21/00 |
Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH-value (by control of ratio Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 11/00)

|  | G05D 21/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 22/00 |
Control of humidity (air conditioning Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24F)

|  | G05D 22/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 23/00 |
Control of temperature (automatic switching arrangements for electric heating apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 1/02; controlling induction heating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 5/04; regulating temperature of anode of X-ray tube Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05G 1/36)

|  | G05D 23/01 |
· | without auxiliary power

|  | G05D 23/02 |
· · | with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 23/13 takes precedence)

|  | G05D 23/08 |
· · · | with bimetallic element (valve arrangements adapted for mixing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K 19/00)

|  | G05D 23/10 |
· · · · | with snap-action elements (for valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K 31/56)

|  | G05D 23/12 |
· · | with sensing element responsive to pressure or volume changes in a confined fluid

|  | G05D 23/13 |
· · | by varying the mixing ratio of two fluids having different temperatures

|  | G05D 23/185 |
· | with auxiliary power

|  | G05D 23/19 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 23/20 |
· · | with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 23/13 takes precedence)

|  | G05D 23/22 |
· · · | the sensing element being a thermocouple

|  | G05D 23/24 |
· · · | the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor

|  | G05D 23/26 |
· · · | the sensing element having a permeability varying with temperature

|  | G05D 23/27 |
· · | with sensing element responsive to radiation

|  | G05D 23/275 |
· · | with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature

|  | G05D 23/30 |
· · | Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature (automatic controllers in general and not restricted to control of temperature Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B)

|  | G05D 23/32 |
· · · | with provision for adjustment of the effect of the auxiliary heating device, e.g. as a function of time

|  | G05D 24/00 |
Control of viscosity

|  | G05D 24/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 25/00 |
Control of light intensity (controlling light beam Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 3/02; light modulating devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/00; circuit arrangements for controlling light sources Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 39/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 41/04, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B 41/36)

|  | G05D 25/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 27/00 |
Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of the preceding main groups

|  | G05D 27/02 |
· | characterised by the use of electric means

|  | G05D 29/00 |
Simultaneous control of electric and non-electric variables