|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G11 |
INFORMATION STORAGE

|  | G11B |
INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D; photochemical processing of recordings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C; recording or playback apparatus capable only of dealing with binary digits Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04B 1/20; electromechanical transducers and circuits therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04R)

|  | G11B |
Note(s) This sub-class deals with the recording and playback of information by relative movement between a record track and a transducer, the transducer directly producing, or being directly actuated by, modulation in the track being recorded or played-back, and the extent of modulation corresponding to the signal being recorded or played-back. This sub-class includes apparatus and machines for recording or playback, and parts thereof, such as heads;(b) record carriers for use with such apparatus and machines; (c) associated working of other apparatus with such apparatus and machines. In this sub-class: The term "head" includes any means for converting sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal electric wave-forms into variations of the physical condition of at least the adjacent surface of the record carrier, or vice versa. A record carrier is understood to be a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relatively to the recorded information.

|  | G11B 1/00 |
Cabinets; Cases; Stands; Disposition of apparatus therein or thereon (furniture aspects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47B 81/06)

|  | G11B 1/02 |
· | modified to store record carriers

|  | G11B 1/04 |
· | combined with other apparatus having a different main function

|  | G11B 3/00 |
Recording information by cutting, deforming, or pressing grooves, e.g. by stylus; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing from such record carriers by mechanical sensing of the grooves

|  | G11B 3/02 |
· | Arrangements of heads (styli Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 3/44)

|  | G11B 3/04 |
· · | Multiple, convertible, or alternative transducing arrangements

|  | G11B 3/06 |
· · | Determining or indicating position of head

|  | G11B 3/08 |
· · | Raising, lowering, traversing otherwise than for transducing, arresting, or holding-up heads and record carriers relatively to one another

|  | G11B 3/10 |
· · | Arranging, supporting, or driving of heads or of transducers relatively to record carriers

|  | G11B 3/12 |
· · · | Supporting in balanced, counterbalanced, or loaded operative position, e.g. loading in direction of traverse

|  | G11B 3/14 |
· · · · | by using effects of gravity or inertia, e.g. counterweight

|  | G11B 3/16 |
· · · · · | adjustable

|  | G11B 3/18 |
· · · · · | Damping by using viscosity effect

|  | G11B 3/20 |
· · · · | by elastic means, e.g. spring

|  | G11B 3/22 |
· · · · · | adjustable

|  | G11B 3/24 |
· · · · · | acting to decrease pressure on record

|  | G11B 3/26 |
· · · · · | acting to increase pressure on record

|  | G11B 3/28 |
· · · · · | providing transverse bias parallel to record

|  | G11B 3/30 |
· · · | Supporting in an operative position

|  | G11B 3/32 |
· · · · | Construction or arrangement of support pillars

|  | G11B 3/34 |
· · · | Driving; Guiding

|  | G11B 3/36 |
· · · · | Automatic-feed mechanisms producing progressive transducing traverse across record carriers otherwise than by grooves, e.g. by lead-screw

|  | G11B 3/38 |
· · · · | Guiding, e.g. constructions or arrangements providing linear or other special tracking characteristics

|  | G11B 3/40 |
· · · · | Driving of heads relatively to stationary record carriers for transducing

|  | G11B 3/42 |
· · · | with provision for adaptation or interchange of heads

|  | G11B 3/44 |
· | Styli, e.g. sapphire, diamond

|  | G11B 3/46 |
· · | Constructions or forms, e.g. attachment of point to shank

|  | G11B 3/48 |
· · · | Needles

|  | G11B 3/50 |
· · | Anvils or other supports opposing stylus forces

|  | G11B 3/52 |
· · | Arrangements permitting styli to yield under excessive pressure

|  | G11B 3/54 |
· · | Storing; Manipulating, e.g. feeding styli to and from heads (needle boxes, receptacles for needles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65D 85/24)

|  | G11B 3/56 |
· · | Sharpening (by grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B 3/00)

|  | G11B 3/58 |
· | Cleaning record carriers or styli, e.g. removing shavings or dust (brushes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A46B; cleaning in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B)

|  | G11B 3/60 |
· | Turntables for record carriers (forming rotor of dynamo-electric motor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | G11B 3/62 |
· · | Locating record carriers on turntables, e.g. adaptor for enabling centre-pin to receive carriers with large centre hole, e.g. repeatably

|  | G11B 3/64 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one grooved record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers

|  | G11B 3/66 |
· | Erasing information, e.g. for reuse of record carrier

|  | G11B 3/68 |
· | Record carriers (characterised by direction of groove relative to head Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 25/00)

|  | G11B 3/70 |
· · | characterised by the selection of material or structure; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29)

|  | G11B 3/72 |
· · | Groove formations, e.g. run-in groove, run-out groove

|  | G11B 3/74 |
· · · | Multiple output tracks, e.g. binaural stereophonic

|  | G11B 3/76 |
· · · | forming part of cinematograph films

|  | G11B 3/78 |
· · | Multiple-track arrangements

|  | G11B 3/80 |
· · | incorporating subsidiary guide means for heads, other than modulated grooves; Part-formed unmodulated grooves for conversion into transducing grooves

|  | G11B 3/82 |
· · | Visual features of record carriers

|  | G11B 3/84 |
· · · | Printed matter, e.g. design, label, photograph

|  | G11B 3/86 |
· · · | for indexing; for speed controlling, e.g. stroboscopic markings

|  | G11B 3/88 |
· · · | for display simultaneously with reproduction

|  | G11B 3/90 |
· · | with means indicating prior or unauthorised use

|  | G11B 5/00 |
Recording information by magnetisation of a record carrier; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing therefrom by using magnetic means (by optical means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/10)

|  | G11B 5/02 |
· | Recording, reproducing, and/or erasing methods (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 5/04 |
· · | Frequency-modulation recording

|  | G11B 5/06 |
· · | Pulse-modulation recording

|  | G11B 5/08 |
· · | Boundary-displacement recording

|  | G11B 5/10 |
· | Housings for heads

|  | G11B 5/12 |
· | Structures of inductive heads

|  | G11B 5/14 |
· · | with cores composed of particles, e.g. with dust core, with ferrite core

|  | G11B 5/16 |
· · | with cores being composed of metal sheets, i.e. laminated cores

|  | G11B 5/18 |
· · · | with tape-wound cores

|  | G11B 5/20 |
· · | Construction or disposition of windings

|  | G11B 5/22 |
· · | Structure of the surface of the head in physical contact with, or immediately adjacent to, the recording medium, i.e. pole pieces

|  | G11B 5/24 |
· · · | having one gap

|  | G11B 5/26 |
· · · | having more than one gap for erasing, recording, and/or reproducing on the same track

|  | G11B 5/28 |
· · | Structural combination of unitary heads for more than one track

|  | G11B 5/30 |
· | Structures of flux-sensitive heads

|  | G11B 5/32 |
· · | using irradiation or particle bombardment, e.g. reproducing by detecting a reflected electron beam

|  | G11B 5/34 |
· · | with saturated jig, e.g. for detecting second harmonic, balanced-flux head

|  | G11B 5/36 |
· · | having vibrating elements

|  | G11B 5/38 |
· · | using Hall devices

|  | G11B 5/40 |
· | Protective measures on heads, e.g. against excessive temperature

|  | G11B 5/42 |
· | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of heads, e.g. assembly

|  | G11B 5/44 |
· | Circuitry for obtaining a desired electric performance of the head, e.g. with equaliser incorporated in the head (avoiding accidental operation of head Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/04; head switching Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/12)

|  | G11B 5/46 |
· | Arrangements for functional testing of heads; Measuring arrangements for heads; Arrangements for demagnetisation of heads (measuring electric or magnetic properties Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; demagnetisation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01F 13/00)

|  | G11B 5/48 |
· | Dispositions or mounting of heads relative to record carriers

|  | G11B 5/50 |
· · | Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment

|  | G11B 5/52 |
· · | with simultaneous movement of head and record carrier, e.g. rotation of head

|  | G11B 5/54 |
· · | with provision for moving the head of its operative position

|  | G11B 5/56 |
· · | with provision for adjustment of the relative positions of head and record carriers, e.g. manual adjustment

|  | G11B 5/58 |
· · | Maintaining relative alignment of the heads and record carriers, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter

|  | G11B 5/60 |
· · · | Pneumodynamic or hydrodynamic spacing of heads from record carriers

|  | G11B 5/62 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material

|  | G11B 5/64 |
· · | comprising only the magnetisable material without bonding agent

|  | G11B 5/66 |
· · · | consisting of several layers

|  | G11B 5/68 |
· · | comprising one or more layers of magnetisable particles homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent

|  | G11B 5/70 |
· · · | on a base layer

|  | G11B 5/72 |
· · | Protective coatings, e.g. anti-static, anti-friction

|  | G11B 5/74 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the form, e.g. sheet shaped to wrap around a drum

|  | G11B 5/76 |
· · | Drum carriers

|  | G11B 5/78 |
· · | Tape carriers

|  | G11B 5/80 |
· · | Card carriers

|  | G11B 5/82 |
· · | Disc carriers

|  | G11B 5/84 |
· | Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29)

|  | G11B 5/86 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one magnetisable record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers

|  | G11B 7/00 |
Recording information on a record carrier by optical means; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing such recorded information by optical means

|  | G11B 7/02 |
· | using electromagnetic radiation other than visible light

|  | G11B 7/04 |
· | using fluorescent or phosphorescent record carriers

|  | G11B 7/06 |
· | using electrography

|  | G11B 7/08 |
· | Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers

|  | G11B 7/10 |
· · | Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment

|  | G11B 7/12 |
· | Heads

|  | G11B 7/14 |
· · | adapted to record on, or to reproduce from, more than one track simultaneously (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/20 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 7/16 |
· · | using filters, e.g. colour filter

|  | G11B 7/18 |
· · | using optical slits

|  | G11B 7/20 |
· · | Dual-recording arrangements, i.e. in which the information is recorded in two different forms simultaneously on the same or related tracks, e.g. recording instantaneous and mean values (sound-recording combined with cinematography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C)

|  | G11B 7/22 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of heads, e.g. assembly

|  | G11B 7/24 |
· | Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure (for cinematography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C)

|  | G11B 7/26 |
· · | Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers (processes involving a single technical art and for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03)

|  | G11B 7/28 |
· | Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers using optical sensing and recording means

|  | G11B 9/00 |
Recording information otherwise than by cutting grooves, by magnetisation, or by optical means; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing by using means other than styli, magnetic means, or optical means

|  | G11B 9/02 |
· | using ferroelectric record carriers; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/04 |
· | using record carriers having variable electric resistance; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 9/06 |
· | using record carriers having variable electrical capacitance; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 9/02 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 9/08 |
· | using electrostatic charge injection; Record carriers therefor

|  | G11B 11/00 |
Recording and reproducing wherein the reproducing method is covered by a different main group from that of the recording method; Record carriers therefor (recording television signals by thermoplastic deformation of the record carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N 5/02)

|  | G11B 11/02 |
· | Recording by flame, jet, flowing fluid, or beam of particles

|  | G11B 11/04 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing magnetic properties

|  | G11B 11/06 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing grooves with styli

|  | G11B 11/08 |
· | Recording by electric charge or by variation of electric resistance or capacitance, e.g. reproducing by sensing optical properties

|  | G11B 11/10 |
· | Recording by magnetic means and reproducing by sensing optical properties

|  | G11B 11/12 |
· | Recording by influencing light-sensitive material

|  | G11B 11/14 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing magnetic properties

|  | G11B 11/16 |
· | Recording by styli, pens, or brushes

|  | G11B 11/18 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing optical properties

|  | G11B 11/20 |
· · | and reproducing by sensing magnetic properties

|  | G11B 13/00 |
Recording simultaneously by methods covered by different main groups; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing simultaneously therefrom

|  | G11B 13/02 |
· | magnetically and by styli

|  | G11B 13/04 |
· | magnetically and optically

|  | G11B 13/06 |
· | optically and by styli

|  | G11B 15/00 |
Driving, starting, stopping, or guiding record carriers of filamentary or web form; Control of operating function (driving or moving of heads Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 21/02)

|  | G11B 15/02 |
· | Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing

|  | G11B 15/04 |
· · | Preventing, inhibiting, or warning against accidental erasing or double recording

|  | G11B 15/06 |
· · | by sensing auxiliary features on record carriers, e.g. to stop machine near the end of a tape

|  | G11B 15/08 |
· · · | by photoelectric sensing

|  | G11B 15/10 |
· · | Manually-operated control; Solenoid-operated control

|  | G11B 15/12 |
· · | Masking of heads; Switching of heads between operative and inoperative functions; Masking of beams, e.g. of light beams

|  | G11B 15/14 |
· · · | Masking or switching periodically

|  | G11B 15/16 |
· · | by means responsive to presence or absence of record carrier

|  | G11B 15/18 |
· | Driving; Starting; Stopping; Arrangements for control or regulation thereof (handling tapes or filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H)

|  | G11B 15/20 |
· · | Moving record carrier backwards or forwards by finite amounts, i.e. back-spacing, forward-spacing

|  | G11B 15/22 |
· · | Brakes; Automatic stopping devices (slowing-down preparatory to stopping or speed-changing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/48; speed-controlling by mechanical linkage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/50; brake constructions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | G11B 15/24 |
· · | Drive-disengaging means

|  | G11B 15/26 |
· · | Driving record carriers by members acting directly or indirectly thereon

|  | G11B 15/28 |
· · · | through rollers driving by frictional contact with the carrier, e.g. capstan; Multiple arrangements of capstans or drums coupled to means for controlling the speed of the drive; Multiple capstan systems alternately engageable with record carrier to provide reversal

|  | G11B 15/29 |
· · · · | through pinch-rollers

|  | G11B 15/30 |
· · · | through the means for supporting the record carrier, e.g. mandrel, turntable

|  | G11B 15/32 |
· · · | through the reels or cores on to which the record carrier is wound

|  | G11B 15/34 |
· · · | through non-slip drive means, e.g. sprocket

|  | G11B 15/38 |
· · | Driving record carriers by pneumatic means

|  | G11B 15/40 |
· · | Driving record carriers otherwise than by electric motor

|  | G11B 15/42 |
· · · | manually

|  | G11B 15/43 |
· · | Control or regulation of mechanical tension of record carrier, e.g. tape tension (controlling tension in filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 59/00)

|  | G11B 15/44 |
· · | Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements; Drive-transfer means therefor

|  | G11B 15/46 |
· · | Controlling, regulating, or indicating speed

|  | G11B 15/48 |
· · · | Starting; Accelerating; Decelerating; Arrangements preventing malfunction during drive change

|  | G11B 15/50 |
· · · | by mechanical linkage, e.g. clutch

|  | G11B 15/52 |
· · · | by using signals recorded on, or derived from, record carrier

|  | G11B 15/54 |
· · · | by stroboscope; by tachometer (speedometers or tachometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P)

|  | G11B 15/56 |
· | using reserve loops, e.g. to minimise inertia during acceleration

|  | G11B 15/58 |
· · | with vacuum column

|  | G11B 15/60 |
· | Guiding record carrier

|  | G11B 15/62 |
· · | Maintaining desired spacing between record carrier and head

|  | G11B 15/64 |
· · · | by pneumodynamic or hydrodynamic spacing

|  | G11B 15/66 |
· · | Threading; Loading; Automatic self-loading; Spools (reels in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/02)

|  | G11B 17/00 |
Automatic mechanisms for starting, driving, or stopping disc-type record carriers on turntables, for raising or lowering, positioning or traversing, arresting or holding-up transducers or record carriers relatively to each other, and for automatically transferring record carriers to and from transducing position

|  | G11B 17/02 |
· | Details

|  | G11B 17/04 |
· · | Feeding or guiding single records to or from playing unit

|  | G11B 17/06 |
· · | Automatic movement of tone-arm into, or out of, place for playing records, e.g. manually placed on playing unit

|  | G11B 17/08 |
· | from consecutive-access magazine of disc records

|  | G11B 17/10 |
· · | with horizontal transfer to the turntable from a stack arranged with a vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/12 |
· · | with axial transfer to the turntable from a stack with a vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/14 |
· · · | by mechanism in rotating centre post, e.g. permitting the playing of both sides of a record

|  | G11B 17/16 |
· · · | by mechanism in stationary centre post, e.g. with stepped post, using fingers on post

|  | G11B 17/18 |
· · · | by mechanism operating on the edge of the disc record

|  | G11B 17/20 |
· · | with transfer away from stack on turntable after playing

|  | G11B 17/22 |
· | from random-access magazine of disc records

|  | G11B 17/24 - G11B 17/28 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/30 takes precedence over groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/24-G11B 17/28.

|  | G11B 17/24 |
· · | the magazine having a toroidal or part-toroidal shape

|  | G11B 17/26 |
· · | the magazine having a cylindrical shape with vertical axis

|  | G11B 17/28 |
· · | the magazine having a cylindrical shape with horizontal axis

|  | G11B 17/30 |
· · | wherein the playing unit is moved accordingly to the location of the selected record

|  | G11B 19/00 |
Driving, starting, stopping, or guiding of record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 19/02 |
· | Control of drive; Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing

|  | G11B 19/04 |
· · | Arrangements for preventing, inhibiting, or warning against, double recording on the same blank, or against other recording or reproducing malfunctions

|  | G11B 19/06 |
· · | by counting or timing of machine operations

|  | G11B 19/08 |
· · | by using devices external to the driving mechanisms, e.g. coin-freed switch

|  | G11B 19/10 |
· · | by sensing presence or absence of record in accessible stored position or on turntable

|  | G11B 19/12 |
· · | by sensing distinguishing features of records, e.g. diameter

|  | G11B 19/14 |
· · | by sensing movement or position of head, e.g. means moving in correspondence with head movements

|  | G11B 19/16 |
· · | Manual control

|  | G11B 19/18 |
· · · | Manual action on one element producing control effect indirectly by consequent action of driving mechanism

|  | G11B 19/20 |
· | Driving; Starting; Stopping

|  | G11B 19/22 |
· · | Brakes other than speed-regulating brakes (brake constructions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16D)

|  | G11B 19/24 |
· · | Arrangements for providing constant relative speed between record carrier and head

|  | G11B 19/26 |
· · | Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements

|  | G11B 19/28 |
· · | Speed controlling, regulating, or indicating (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 19/24 takes precedence; speedometers or tachometers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P)

|  | G11B 21/00 |
Head arrangements irrespective of the method of recording or reproducing

|  | G11B 21/02 |
· | Driving or moving of heads

|  | G11B 21/04 |
· · | Automatic feed mechanism producing progressive transducing traverse across the record carrier

|  | G11B 21/06 |
· · · | the record carrier having means to ensure traverse movement of the head

|  | G11B 21/08 |
· · | Track changing or selecting (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 21/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 21/10 |
· · | Track finding or aligning by moving the head

|  | G11B 21/12 |
· · | Raising and lowering; Back-spacing or forward-spacing along track; Returning to starting position

|  | G11B 21/14 |
· · · | manually

|  | G11B 21/16 |
· | Supporting the heads; Supporting the sockets for plug-in heads

|  | G11B 21/18 |
· · | while the head is moving

|  | G11B 21/20 |
· · | while the head is in operative position but stationary or permitting minor movements to follow irregularities in surface of record carrier

|  | G11B 21/22 |
· · | while the head is out of operative position

|  | G11B 21/24 |
· · | Head support adjustments

|  | G11B 21/26 |
· · | Means for interchange or replacement of head or head element

|  | G11B 23/00 |
Record carriers irrespective of the method of recording; Accessories therefor, e.g. container

|  | G11B 23/02 |
· | Containers; Storing means (for tape or filamentary material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H 75/00)

|  | G11B 23/04 |
· · | Magazines; Cassettes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/12 takes precedence)

|  | G11B 23/06 |
· · · | for housing endless webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/08 |
· · · | for housing end-to-end webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/10 |
· · · · | on single reels or winding cores

|  | G11B 23/12 |
· · | Bins for random storage of webs or filaments

|  | G11B 23/14 |
· | Providing ability to repeat location, e.g. using sprocket holes

|  | G11B 23/16 |
· | Record carriers with single track for recording at spaced intervals along the track thereof, e.g. for speech or language training

|  | G11B 23/18 |
· | Record carriers with multiple tracks, e.g. with complementary and partial tracks such as paired "stereo" tracks

|  | G11B 23/20 |
· | with provision for splicing to provide permanent or temporary connections

|  | G11B 23/22 |
· · | of endless belts; of tapes forming Möbius loops

|  | G11B 23/24 |
· · | of tapes having multiple tracks parallel to edge of record carrier by offset splicing to form endless loop with one or more helical tracks

|  | G11B 23/26 |
· · | of leaders for loading or threading, e.g. to form a temporary connection

|  | G11B 23/28 |
· | indicating prior or unauthorised use

|  | G11B 23/30 |
· | with provision for auxiliary signals (sensing such signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/06)

|  | G11B 23/32 |
· · | Electrical or mechanical contacting means; Tape stop foils

|  | G11B 23/34 |
· · | Signal means additional to the main recording track, e.g. photoelectric sensing of sprocket holes for timing

|  | G11B 23/36 |
· · | Signals on record carriers or on containers and recorded by the same method as the main recording

|  | G11B 23/38 |
· | Visual features other than those contained in record tracks or represented by sprocket holes

|  | G11B 23/40 |
· · | Identifying or analogous means applied to, or incorporated in, the record carrier and not intended for visual display simultaneously with the playing-back of the record carrier, e.g. label, leader, photograph

|  | G11B 23/42 |
· · | Marks for indexing, speed-controlling, synchronising, or timing

|  | G11B 23/44 |
· · | Information for display simultaneously with playback of the record, e.g. photographic matter

|  | G11B 23/46 |
· · · | Cinematograph films with integral tracks, e.g. with sound track

|  | G11B 23/48 |
· · · | Diascopic slides with integral sound or other tracks on, or adjacent to, the picture area or on the mounting means

|  | G11B 25/00 |
Apparatus characterised by the shape of record carrier employed but irrespective of the method of recording (individual parts of apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 1/00-G11B 23/00)

|  | G11B 25/02 |
· | using cylindrical record carriers

|  | G11B 25/04 |
· | using flat record carriers, e.g. disc, card

|  | G11B 25/06 |
· | using web-form record carriers, e.g. tape

|  | G11B 25/08 |
· | using filamentary record carriers, e.g. wire

|  | G11B 25/10 |
· | Apparatus capable of using record carriers defined in more than one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 25/02-G11B 25/08

|  | G11B 27/00 |
Editing; Indexing; Monitoring

|  | G11B 27/02 |
· | Editing, e.g. varying the order of signals reproduced from record carrier

|  | G11B 27/04 |
· · | using differential drive of record carrier and head

|  | G11B 27/06 |
· · | Cutting and rejoining; Notching, or perforating record carriers otherwise than by recording styli (record carriers with provision for splicing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/20)

|  | G11B 27/08 |
· · | Re-recording only part of the information

|  | G11B 27/10 |
· | Indexing; Timing (marks or signals on record carriers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/30, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/42)

|  | G11B 27/12 |
· · | linearly related to time or travel

|  | G11B 27/14 |
· · · | Measuring or indicating elapsed time or travel

|  | G11B 27/16 |
· · · | Indicating time or travel remaining available; Warning of imminent termination

|  | G11B 27/18 |
· · | non-linearly related to time or travel

|  | G11B 27/20 |
· · · | using counters

|  | G11B 27/22 |
· · | Means responsive to presence or absence of recorded signals

|  | G11B 27/24 |
· · | by sensing features on the record carrier other than the transducing track (for controlling purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 17/00)

|  | G11B 27/26 |
· · · | by photoelectric detection, e.g. of sprocket holes

|  | G11B 27/28 |
· · | by using signals recorded by the same method as the main recording

|  | G11B 27/30 |
· · · | on the same track as the main recording

|  | G11B 27/32 |
· · · | on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier

|  | G11B 27/34 |
· · | Indicating arrangements (indicating measured values in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G11B 27/36 |
· | Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing

|  | G11B 31/00 |
Arrangements for the associated working of recording or reproducing apparatus with related apparatus (with cameras or projectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 31/00)

|  | G11B 31/02 |
· | with automatic musical instruments