|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G01C |
MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS, OR BEARINGS, FOR SURVEYING OR NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS (measuring angles or linear dimensions in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; measuring liquid level Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F; measuring intensity and direction of magnetic fields, other than the earth's field, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; involving the emission and reception of radio waves, other electromagnetic waves or sonic waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S; optical systems therefor Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B; maps, globes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09B)

|  | G01C |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes immediately following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01. In this sub-class, "navigation" means determining the position and course of land vehicles, ships, aircraft, and space vehicles.

|  | G01C 1/00 |
Measuring angles (in compasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 17/00)

|  | G01C 1/02 |
· | Theodolites

|  | G01C 1/04 |
· · | combined with cameras

|  | G01C 1/06 |
· · | Arrangements for reading scales (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G01C 1/08 |
· | Sextants

|  | G01C 1/10 |
· · | including an artificial horizon (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 1/14 takes precedence; artificial horizons per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 15/14)

|  | G01C 1/12 |
· · · | with a stabilised mirror (tilt compensation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B)

|  | G01C 1/14 |
· · | Periscopic sextants (periscopes in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 23/08)

|  | G01C 3/00 |
Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders (tapes, chains, or wheels for measuring length Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01B; coupling rangefinders with operating parts of photographic apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B)

|  | G01C 3/02 |
· | Details

|  | G01C 3/04 |
· · | Adaptation of rangefinders for combination with telescopes or binoculars (rangefinders combined with photographic viewfinders Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 13/16)

|  | G01C 3/06 |
· · | Use of electric means to obtain final indication

|  | G01C 3/08 |
· · · | Use of electric radiation detectors

|  | G01C 3/10 |
· | using a parallactic triangle with variable angles and a base of fixed length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument

|  | G01C 3/12 |
· · | with monocular observation at a single point, e.g. coincidence type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 3/14 |
· · | with binocular observation at a single point, e.g. stereoscopic type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 3/16 |
· · · | Measuring marks

|  | G01C 3/18 |
· · | with one observation point at each end of the base (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/20 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 3/20 |
· · | with adaptation to the measurement of the height of an object

|  | G01C 3/22 |
· | using a parallactic triangle with variable angles and a base of fixed length at, near, or formed by, the object

|  | G01C 3/24 |
· | using a parallactic triangle with fixed angles and a base of variable length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument

|  | G01C 3/26 |
· | using a parallactic triangle with fixed angles and a base of variable length at, near, or formed by, the object

|  | G01C 3/28 |
· · | with provision for reduction of the distance into the horizontal plane

|  | G01C 3/30 |
· · · | with adaptation to the measurement of the height of an object, e.g. tacheometers

|  | G01C 3/32 |
· | by focusing the object, e.g. on a ground glass screen

|  | G01C 5/00 |
Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/30 take precedence; tracing profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 7/00; levels indicating inclination at a single point Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 9/00)

|  | G01C 5/02 |
· | involving automatic stabilisation of the line of sight (tilt compensation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B; regulation of direction in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 3/00)

|  | G01C 5/04 |
· | Hydrostatic levelling, i.e. by flexibly interconnected liquid containers at separated points

|  | G01C 5/06 |
· | by using barometric means (barometers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L)

|  | G01C 7/00 |
Tracing profiles (by photogrammetry Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 11/00)

|  | G01C 7/02 |
· | of land surfaces

|  | G01C 7/04 |
· · | involving a vehicle which moves along the profile to be traced

|  | G01C 7/06 |
· | of cavities, e.g. tunnels (survey of wells Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...E21B 47/00)

|  | G01C 9/00 |
Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels

|  | G01C 9/02 |
· | Details

|  | G01C 9/04 |
· · | Transmission means between sensing element and final indicator for giving an enlarged reading

|  | G01C 9/06 |
· · | Electric or photoelectric indication or reading means

|  | G01C 9/08 |
· · | Means for compensating acceleration forces due to movement of instrument

|  | G01C 9/10 |
· | by using rolling bodies

|  | G01C 9/12 |
· | by using a single pendulum (plumb lines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 15/10)

|  | G01C 9/14 |
· · | movable in more than one direction

|  | G01C 9/16 |
· | by using more than one pendulum

|  | G01C 9/18 |
· | by using liquids

|  | G01C 9/20 |
· · | the indication being based on the inclination of the surface of a liquid relative to its container

|  | G01C 9/22 |
· · · | with interconnected containers in fixed relation to each other

|  | G01C 9/24 |
· · | in closed containers partially filled with liquid so as to leave a gas bubble

|  | G01C 9/26 |
· · · | Details

|  | G01C 9/28 |
· · · · | Mountings

|  | G01C 9/30 |
· · · · | Means for adjusting dimensions of bubble

|  | G01C 9/32 |
· · · · | Means for facilitating the observation of the position of the bubble, e.g. illuminating means

|  | G01C 9/34 |
· · · | of the tubular type, i.e. for indicating the level in one direction only

|  | G01C 9/36 |
· · · | of the spherical type, i.e. for indicating the level in all directions

|  | G01C 11/00 |
Photogrammetry; Photographic surveying (cameras combined with surveying instruments, e.g. with theodolite, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 1/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 5/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 9/00; surveying cameras Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 37/00)

|  | G01C 11/02 |
· | Picture-taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures

|  | G01C 11/04 |
· | Interpretation of pictures

|  | G01C 11/06 |
· · | by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area

|  | G01C 11/08 |
· · · | the pictures not being supported in the same relative position as when they were taken

|  | G01C 11/10 |
· · · · | using computers to control the position of the pictures (computers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G01C 11/12 |
· · · | the pictures being supported in the same relative position as when they were taken

|  | G01C 11/14 |
· · · · | with optical projection (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 11/16 |
· · · · · | in a common plane

|  | G01C 11/18 |
· · · · · · | involving scanning means

|  | G01C 11/20 |
· · · · · | in separate planes

|  | G01C 11/22 |
· · · · | with mechanical projection (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 11/24 |
· · · · | with optical-mechanical projection (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 11/26 |
· · · · | using computers to control the position of the pictures (computers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G01C 11/28 |
· · · | Special adaptation for recording picture point data, e.g. for profiles

|  | G01C 11/30 |
· · | by triangulation

|  | G01C 11/32 |
· · · | Radial triangulation

|  | G01C 11/34 |
· · · | Aerial triangulation

|  | G01C 13/00 |
Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river, canal (liquid level metering Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01F; measuring liquid velocity Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P; determining existence or flow of underground water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V)

|  | G01C 15/00 |
Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 1/00-G01C 13/00

|  | G01C 15/02 |
· | Means for marking measuring points

|  | G01C 15/04 |
· · | Permanent marks; Boundary markers

|  | G01C 15/06 |
· · | Surveyors' staffs; Movable markers

|  | G01C 15/08 |
· · · | Plumbing or registering staffs or markers over ground marks

|  | G01C 15/10 |
· | Plumb lines

|  | G01C 15/12 |
· | Instruments for setting out fixed angles, e.g. right angles

|  | G01C 15/14 |
· | Artificial horizons (tilt compensation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B)

|  | G01C 17/00 |
Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for navigation or surveying purposes (using gyroscopic effect Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/00; for geophysical or prospecting purposes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01V 3/00)

|  | G01C 17/02 |
· | Magnetic compasses

|  | G01C 17/04 |
· · | with north-seeking magnetic elements, e.g. needles

|  | G01C 17/06 |
· · · | Suspending magnetic elements

|  | G01C 17/08 |
· · · · | by flotation

|  | G01C 17/10 |
· · · | Comparing observed direction with north indication

|  | G01C 17/12 |
· · · · | by sighting means, e.g. for surveyors' compasses

|  | G01C 17/14 |
· · · · | by reference marks, e.g. for ships' compasses

|  | G01C 17/16 |
· · · · | by clinometers, e.g. for determining dip or strike of geological strata

|  | G01C 17/18 |
· · · | Supporting or suspending compasses, e.g. by gimbal, by flotation

|  | G01C 17/20 |
· · · | Observing the compass card or needle

|  | G01C 17/22 |
· · · · | by projection

|  | G01C 17/24 |
· · · · | Illumination

|  | G01C 17/26 |
· · · · | using electric pick-offs for transmission to final indicator, e.g. photocell

|  | G01C 17/28 |
· · | Electromagnetic compasses (with north-seeking magnetic elements and having electric pick-offs Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 17/26)

|  | G01C 17/30 |
· · · | Earth-inductor compasses

|  | G01C 17/32 |
· · · | Electron compasses

|  | G01C 17/34 |
· | Sun- and astro-compasses

|  | G01C 17/36 |
· | Repeaters for remote indication of readings of a master compass

|  | G01C 17/38 |
· | Testing, calibrating, or compensating of compasses

|  | G01C 19/00 |
Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using gyroscopic effect, e.g. using gas, using electron beam

|  | G01C 19/02 |
· | Rotary gyroscopes

|  | G01C 19/04 |
· · | Details

|  | G01C 19/06 |
· · · | Rotors

|  | G01C 19/08 |
· · · · | electrically driven (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/14 takes precedence; dynamo-electric machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | G01C 19/10 |
· · · · · | Power supply

|  | G01C 19/12 |
· · · · | fluid driven (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/14 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 19/14 |
· · · · | Fluid rotors

|  | G01C 19/16 |
· · · | Suspensions; Bearings (bearings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16C; balancing rotors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01M)

|  | G01C 19/18 |
· · · · | providing movement of rotor with respect to its rotational axes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/24 take precedence)

|  | G01C 19/20 |
· · · · | in fluid

|  | G01C 19/22 |
· · · · | torsional

|  | G01C 19/24 |
· · · · | using magnetic or electrostatic fields

|  | G01C 19/26 |
· · · | Caging, i.e. immobilising moving parts, e.g. for transport (applicable to instruments in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D 11/20)

|  | G01C 19/28 |
· · · | Pick-offs, i.e. devices for taking off an indication of the displacement of the rotor axis

|  | G01C 19/30 |
· · · | Erection devices, i.e. devices for restoring rotor axis to a desired position (for instrument indicating the vertical Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/44)

|  | G01C 19/32 |
· · · | Indicating or recording means specially adapted for rotary gyroscopes (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01D)

|  | G01C 19/34 |
· · | for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes

|  | G01C 19/36 |
· · · | with north-seeking action by magnetic means, e.g. gyromagnetic compasses

|  | G01C 19/38 |
· · · | with north-seeking action by other than magnetic means, e.g. gyrocompasses using earth's rotation

|  | G01C 19/40 |
· · | for control by signals from a master compass, i.e. repeater compasses

|  | G01C 19/42 |
· · | for indicating rate of turn; for integrating rate of turn

|  | G01C 19/44 |
· · | for indicating the vertical

|  | G01C 19/46 |
· · · | Erection devices for restoring rotor axis to a desired position

|  | G01C 19/48 |
· · · · | operating by electrical means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 19/50 |
· · · · | operating by mechanical means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 19/52 |
· · · · | operating by fluid means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 19/54 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 19/54 |
· · · · | with correction for acceleration forces due to movement of instrument

|  | G01C 19/56 |
· | Turn-sensitive devices with vibrating masses, e.g. tuning fork

|  | G01C 21/00 |
Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in preceding groups (measuring distance traversed on the ground by a vehicle Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 22/00; measuring linear or angular speed or acceleration Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01P; radio navigation systems Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S)

|  | G01C 21/02 |
· | by astronomical means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 21/24 takes precedence; measuring time by using position of the sun, moon, or stars Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04B 49/00)

|  | G01C 21/04 |
· | by terrestrial means (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 21/24 takes precedence; marking of navigation route for ships Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B63B 51/00)

|  | G01C 21/06 |
· · | involving measuring of drift angle; involving correction for drift

|  | G01C 21/08 |
· · | involving use of the magnetic field of the earth

|  | G01C 21/10 |
· | by using measurement of speed or acceleration (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 21/24 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 21/12 |
· · | executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning

|  | G01C 21/14 |
· · · | by recording the course traversed by the object (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 21/16 takes precedence)

|  | G01C 21/16 |
· · · | by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation

|  | G01C 21/18 |
· · · · | Stabilised platforms, e.g. by gyroscope

|  | G01C 21/20 |
· | Instruments for performing navigational calculations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 21/24 takes precedence; computing in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G01C 21/22 |
· · | Plotting boards (in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43L)

|  | G01C 21/24 |
· | specially adapted for cosmonautical navigation

|  | G01C 22/00 |
Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals, or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers (counting mechanisms per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M)

|  | G01C 22/02 |
· | by conversion into electric waveforms and subsequent integration, e.g. using tachometer generator

|  | G01C 23/00 |
Combined instruments indicating more than one navigational value, e.g. for aircraft; Combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement, e.g. distance, speed, acceleration

|  | G01C 25/00 |
Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments and devices referred to in the preceding groups (testing, calibrating, and compensating compasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01C 17/38)