|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

LIGHTING AND HEATING

|  | F27 |
FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned per se in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21B, coke or gas-making apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10J, apparatus for craking hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G, blast furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21B, Bessemer converters for making steel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D, enamelling ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23D, combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23; electric heating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | F27 |
Note(s) This class deals with furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sintering apparatus, and details or accessories therefor, in general. It includes the arrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces, but not the elements themselves. It is not concerned with the processes carried on within the furnaces. In this class: Where appropriate, the term "furnaces" is to be understood as covering kilns, ovens, or retorts.

|  | F27B |
FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS

|  | F27B |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the references and notes accompanying the class title (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | F27B 1/00 |
Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces

|  | F27B 1/02 |
· | with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey

|  | F27B 1/04 |
· · | Combinations or arrangements of shafts

|  | F27B 1/06 |
· | of other than up-draught type

|  | F27B 1/08 |
· | heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge

|  | F27B 1/10 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 1/12 |
· · | Shells or casings; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 1/14 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings (linings in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 1/00)

|  | F27B 1/16 |
· · | Arrangements of tuyeres

|  | F27B 1/18 |
· · | Arrangements of dust collectors

|  | F27B 1/20 |
· · | Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging

|  | F27B 1/22 |
· · | Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus (heat-exchangers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28D)

|  | F27B 1/24 |
· · | Cooling arrangements

|  | F27B 1/26 |
· · | Arrangements of controlling devices

|  | F27B 1/28 |
· · | Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices

|  | F27B 3/00 |
Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 11/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 14/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 21/00 take precedence); Tank furnaces

|  | F27B 3/02 |
· | of single-chamber fixed-hearth type

|  | F27B 3/04 |
· | of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces

|  | F27B 3/06 |
· | with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable

|  | F27B 3/08 |
· | heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat

|  | F27B 3/10 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces

|  | F27B 3/12 |
· · | Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 3/14 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 3/16 |
· · · | Walls; Roofs

|  | F27B 3/18 |
· · | Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging

|  | F27B 3/20 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 3/22 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 3/24 |
· · | Cooling arrangements

|  | F27B 3/26 |
· · | Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus

|  | F27B 5/00 |
Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/00 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 5/02 |
· | of multiple-chamber type

|  | F27B 5/04 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 5/06 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 5/08 |
· · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 5/10 |
· · | Muffles

|  | F27B 5/12 |
· · | Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging

|  | F27B 5/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 5/16 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 7/00 |
Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined

|  | F27B 7/02 |
· | of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type

|  | F27B 7/04 |
· · | with longitudinal divisions

|  | F27B 7/06 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 7/08 |
· | externally heated

|  | F27B 7/10 |
· | internally heated, e.g. by means of passages in the wall

|  | F27B 7/12 |
· | tiltable

|  | F27B 7/14 |
· | with means for agitating or moving the charge

|  | F27B 7/16 |
· · | the means being fixed relatively to the drum (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 7/04 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 7/18 |
· · | the means being movable within the drum

|  | F27B 7/20 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces

|  | F27B 7/22 |
· · | Rotary drums; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 7/24 |
· · · | Seals between rotary and stationary parts

|  | F27B 7/26 |
· · | Drives

|  | F27B 7/28 |
· · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 7/30 |
· · | Arrangements of partitions

|  | F27B 7/32 |
· · | Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging

|  | F27B 7/34 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 7/36 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 7/38 |
· · | Arrangements of cooling devices

|  | F27B 9/00 |
Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 7/14 takes precedence); Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity

|  | F27B 9/02 |
· | of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces

|  | F27B 9/04 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 9/06 |
· | heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated

|  | F27B 9/08 |
· · | heated through chamber walls

|  | F27B 9/10 |
· · | heated by hot air or gas

|  | F27B 9/12 |
· | with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge

|  | F27B 9/14 |
· | characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/28 takes precedence; travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 3/12)

|  | F27B 9/16 |
· · | the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path

|  | F27B 9/18 |
· · · | under the action of scrapers or pushers

|  | F27B 9/20 |
· · | the charge moving in a substantially straight path

|  | F27B 9/22 |
· · · | under the action of scrapers or pushers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/26 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 9/24 |
· · · | being carried by a conveyer

|  | F27B 9/26 |
· · · | on or in trucks, sleds, or containers

|  | F27B 9/28 |
· | for treating continuous lengths of work

|  | F27B 9/30 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 9/32 |
· · | Casings

|  | F27B 9/34 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 9/36 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 9/38 |
· · | Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging

|  | F27B 9/40 |
· · | Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices

|  | F27B 11/00 |
Bell-type furnaces

|  | F27B 11/02 |
· | inverted or side-facing; moving

|  | F27B 11/04 |
· | Multi-station furnaces

|  | F27B 11/06 |
· · | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 11/08 |
· | Single-station furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 11/10 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces

|  | F27B 11/12 |
· · | Arrangements of charging or discharging devices

|  | F27B 11/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 13/00 |
Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge

|  | F27B 13/02 |
· | of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces

|  | F27B 13/04 |
· | of single-chamber type with temporary partitions

|  | F27B 13/06 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type

|  | F27B 13/08 |
· · | Casings

|  | F27B 13/10 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 13/12 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 14/00 |
Crucible or pot furnaces

|  | F27B 14/02 |
· | with tilting or rocking arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 14/04 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 14/04 |
· | adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere

|  | F27B 14/06 |
· | heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 14/04 takes precedence)

|  | F27B 14/08 |
· | Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces

|  | F27B 14/10 |
· · | Crucibles

|  | F27B 14/12 |
· · · | Covers therefor

|  | F27B 14/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 15/00 |
Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion

|  | F27B 15/02 |
· | Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types

|  | F27B 15/04 |
· · | Casings; Supports therefor

|  | F27B 15/06 |
· · · | Arrangements of linings

|  | F27B 15/08 |
· · | Arrangements of devices for charging or discharging

|  | F27B 15/10 |
· · | Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

|  | F27B 15/12 |
· · | Arrangements of dust collectors

|  | F27B 15/14 |
· · | Arrangements of heating devices

|  | F27B 15/16 |
· · | Arrangements of cooling devices

|  | F27B 15/18 |
· · | Arrangements of controlling devices

|  | F27B 15/20 |
· · | Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices

|  | F27B 17/00 |
Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group (structural combinations of furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 19/02)

|  | F27B 17/02 |
· | specially designed for laboratory use

|  | F27B 19/00 |
Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group

|  | F27B 19/02 |
· | combined in one structure

|  | F27B 19/04 |
· | arranged for associated working

|  | F27B 21/00 |
Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction

|  | F27B 21/02 |
· | Sintering grates or tables

|  | F27B 21/04 |
· | Sintering pots or sintering pans

|  | F27B 21/06 |
· | Endless-strand sintering machines