|  | H |
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

|  | H03 |
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY

|  | H03K |
PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01R; mechanical counters having an electrical input Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M; storage devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11; construction of switches involving contact making and breaking for generation of pulses, e.g. by using a moving magnet, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H; generators of substantially sinusoidal oscillations Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03B; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L; discriminator circuits involving pulse counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D)

|  | H03K |
Note(s) This sub-class deals with (a) methods, circuits, devices, or apparatus for generating, counting, amplifying, shaping, modulating, demodulating, coding, decoding, or otherwise manipulating substantially non-sinusoidal oscillations, i.e. electric pulses, (b) electronic switching not involving contact-making and breaking, and (c) logic circuits handling electric pulses. In this sub-class: An "active element" is understood to exercise control over the conversion of input energy into an oscillation or a discontinuous flow of energy.

|  | H03K 1/00 |
Details of generators (modifications of specific types of generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00)

|  | H03K 1/02 |
· | Modifications of generator to compensate for variations of physical values, e.g. power supply, load

|  | H03K 1/04 |
· · | for variations in temperature alone

|  | H03K 1/06 |
· | Modifications of generator to ensure starting of oscillations

|  | H03K 1/08 |
· | Modifications of generator to maintain constant energy content with change of pulse repetition rate

|  | H03K 1/10 |
· | Modificaion of generator to prevent operation by noise or inteference

|  | H03K 1/12 |
· | Regulation of generator output (by modification of generator Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 1/02)

|  | H03K 1/14 |
· · | of amplitude

|  | H03K 1/16 |
· · | of frequency or repetition rate

|  | H03K 1/18 |
· · | of width; of duty cycle

|  | H03K 3/00 |
Generating electric pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00 takes precedence; by distortion of other wave forms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/00)

|  | H03K 3/02 |
· | Generators characterised by the type of circuit or other means used for producing pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/64-H03K 3/82 take precedence)

|  | H03K 3/04 |
· · | using as active elements vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback

|  | H03K 3/05 |
· · · | using means other than a transformer for feedback

|  | H03K 3/06 |
· · · · | using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 3/08 |
· · · · · | astable

|  | H03K 3/10 |
· · · · · | mono-stable

|  | H03K 3/12 |
· · · · · | bi-stable

|  | H03K 3/14 |
· · · · · | multi-stable

|  | H03K 3/15 |
· · · · · | Circuits of which the state is dependent on the level of the input signal, e.g. Schmitt trigger

|  | H03K 3/16 |
· · · | using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core

|  | H03K 3/22 |
· · · · | specially adapted for amplitude comparison, i.e. Multiar

|  | H03K 3/26 |
· · | using as active elements transistors with internal or external positive feedback

|  | H03K 3/28 |
· · · | using means other than a transformer for feedback

|  | H03K 3/281 |
· · · · | using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 3/282 |
· · · · · | astable

|  | H03K 3/284 |
· · · · · | mono-stable

|  | H03K 3/286 |
· · · · · | bi-stable

|  | H03K 3/29 |
· · · · · | multi-stable

|  | H03K 3/295 |
· · · · · | Circuits of which the state is dependent on the level of the input signal, e.g. Schmitt trigger

|  | H03K 3/30 |
· · · | using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 3/31 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance characteristic

|  | H03K 3/315 |
· · · | using tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 3/33 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect

|  | H03K 3/335 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect

|  | H03K 3/35 |
· · | using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode in the same conductivity region

|  | H03K 3/37 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes as active elements, e.g. astable trigger circuits (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/55 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/38 |
· · | using cryotrons as active elements

|  | H03K 3/40 |
· · | using electrochemical cells as active elements

|  | H03K 3/42 |
· · | using electro-optical devices as active elements to produce electric pulses

|  | H03K 3/43 |
· · | using beam deflection tubes as active elements

|  | H03K 3/45 |
· · | using as active elements non-linear magnetic devices; using as active elements non-linear dielectric devices

|  | H03K 3/47 |
· · · | using parametrons

|  | H03K 3/49 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices

|  | H03K 3/51 |
· · · | using multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxor

|  | H03K 3/53 |
· · | using an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/335 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 3/55 |
· · · | using gas-filled tubes having a control electrode

|  | H03K 3/57 |
· · · | using semiconductor devices

|  | H03K 3/64 |
· | Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses

|  | H03K 3/66 |
· · | by interrupting the output of a generator

|  | H03K 3/70 |
· · · | time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal

|  | H03K 3/72 |
· · | with means for varying repetition rate of trains

|  | H03K 3/78 |
· | Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number

|  | H03K 3/80 |
· | Generating trains of sinusoidal oscillations (by interrupting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L)

|  | H03K 3/82 |
· | Generating pulses at random intervals

|  | H03K 4/00 |
Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions (by distorting other waveforms Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 6/00)

|  | H03K 4/02 |
· | having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform

|  | H03K 4/04 |
· | having parabolic shape

|  | H03K 4/06 |
· | having triangular shape

|  | H03K 4/08 |
· · | having sawtooth shape

|  | H03K 4/10 |
· · · | using as active elements vacuum tubes only

|  | H03K 4/12 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor

|  | H03K 4/14 |
· · · · · | using two tubes so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 4/16 |
· · · · · | using a single tube with positive feedback through transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/18 |
· · · · · | using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron

|  | H03K 4/20 |
· · · · · | using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/22 |
· · · · · · | combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron

|  | H03K 4/24 |
· · · · · | Boot-strap generators

|  | H03K 4/26 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor

|  | H03K 4/28 |
· · · · · | using an amplifier operating as a switching device and driven only by substantially rectangular voltage pulses

|  | H03K 4/30 |
· · · · · · | using a tube with negative feedback through a capacitor, el g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/32 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/34 |
· · · · · · · | using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer

|  | H03K 4/36 |
· · · · · · · | using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron

|  | H03K 4/38 |
· · · · · · · · | combined with Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/40 |
· · · · · | using an amplifier driven only by substantially sawtooth voltage pulses

|  | H03K 4/42 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/44 |
· · · · · | using an amplifier driven by a combination of sawtooth and rectangular voltage pulses

|  | H03K 4/46 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/48 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/78-H03K 4/84 take precedence)

|  | H03K 4/50 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor

|  | H03K 4/52 |
· · · · · | using two semiconductor devices so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator

|  | H03K 4/54 |
· · · · · | using a single semiconductor device with positive feedback through a transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/56 |
· · · · · | using a semiconductor device with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator

|  | H03K 4/58 |
· · · · · | Boot-strap generators

|  | H03K 4/60 |
· · · · | in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor

|  | H03K 4/62 |
· · · · · | using amplifier operating as a switching device and driven by substantially rectangular pulses only

|  | H03K 4/64 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/66 |
· · · · · · · | using a single device with positive feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 4/68 |
· · · · · · | Generators in which the switching device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle

|  | H03K 4/70 |
· · · · · | using an amplifier driven substantially sawtooth pulses only

|  | H03K 4/72 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/74 |
· · · · · | using an amplifier driven by a combination of sawtooth and rectangular pulses

|  | H03K 4/76 |
· · · · · · | combined with means for generating the driving pulses

|  | H03K 4/78 |
· · · | using as active elements tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 4/80 |
· · · | using as active elements multi-layer diodes

|  | H03K 4/82 |
· · · | using as active elements semiconductor more than three electrodes

|  | H03K 4/84 |
· · · · | Generators in which the semiconductor device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle

|  | H03K 4/86 |
· · · | using as active elements gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 4/88 |
· · · | using as active elements electrochemical cells

|  | H03K 5/00 |
Manipulating pulses not covered by one of the other main groups in this sub-class (circuits with regenerative action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00; using non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/45)

|  | H03K 5/01 |
· | Shaping pulses

|  | H03K 5/02 |
· · | by amplifying (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/04 takes precedence; wide-band amplifiers in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03F)

|  | H03K 5/04 |
· · | by increasing duration; by decreasing duration

|  | H03K 5/08 |
· · | by limiting, by thresholding, by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding (by comparing one pulse with another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 5/20)

|  | H03K 5/12 |
· · | by steepening leading or trailing edges

|  | H03K 5/13 |
· | Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals

|  | H03K 5/153 |
· | Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant

|  | H03K 5/156 |
· | Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern

|  | H03K 5/159 |
· | Applications of delay lines not covered by the foregoing sub-groups

|  | H03K 5/18 |
· | Monitoring individual pulses; Monitoring pulse trains; Monitoring selected pulses therein

|  | H03K 5/20 |
· | Comparing one pulse with another pulse; Sorting pulses, e.g. according to amplitude

|  | H03K 6/00 |
Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this sub-class (circuits with regenerative action Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 4/00)

|  | H03K 6/02 |
· | Amplifying pulses

|  | H03K 6/04 |
· | Modifying slopes of pulses

|  | H03K 6/06 |
· | Producing pulses by distortion of sinusoidal waveforms

|  | H03K 7/00 |
Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal

|  | H03K 7/02 |
· | Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM

|  | H03K 7/04 |
· | Position modulation, i.e. PPM

|  | H03K 7/06 |
· | Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM

|  | H03K 7/08 |
· | Duration or width modulation

|  | H03K 7/10 |
· | Combined modulation, e.g. rate modulation and amplitude modulation

|  | H03K 9/00 |
Demodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal

|  | H03K 9/02 |
· | of amplitude-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/04 |
· | of position-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 9/06 |
· | of frequency- or rate-modulated

|  | H03K 9/08 |
· | of duration- or width-modulated

|  | H03K 9/10 |
· | of pulses having combined modulation

|  | H03K 11/00 |
Transforming types of modulation, e.g. position-modulated pulses into duration-modulated pulses

|  | H03K 13/00 |
Coding; Decoding

|  | H03K 13/02 |
· | Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion

|  | H03K 13/04 |
· · | by adding selected weighted values

|  | H03K 13/06 |
· · · | using successive addition or subtraction and repeated comparison with predetermined amplitudes

|  | H03K 13/07 |
· · · · | with magnetic flux storage

|  | H03K 13/10 |
· · · · | with charge storage (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/14, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/16 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 13/12 |
· · · · · | Supplying successive charges of different duration or amplitude

|  | H03K 13/14 |
· · · · | by using stepped impedance

|  | H03K 13/16 |
· · · | by using different decay times of charges initially produced; by using exponentially varying voltages

|  | H03K 13/17 |
· · | in which several reference values of different magnitudes are compared with the analogue value in succession, i.e. iterative type

|  | H03K 13/175 |
· · | in which several reference values are compared simultaneously with the analogue value, i.e. direct comparing type

|  | H03K 13/18 |
· · | by direct conversion, i.e. by reading a selected entry from a conversion device, e.g. coded tube

|  | H03K 13/20 |
· · | by intermediate conversion to a duration or frequency and subsequent counting

|  | H03K 13/22 |
· | Delta modulation; Differential modulation

|  | H03K 13/24 |
· | Converting from one code into another code

|  | H03K 13/243 |
· · | Static code converters in which one or more input lines are connected to one or more output lines, e.g. matrix type

|  | H03K 13/247 |
· · · | using magnetic elements, e.g. transfluxors

|  | H03K 13/25 |
· · · | using semiconductor devices (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/252 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 13/252 |
· · · | using diodes

|  | H03K 13/254 |
· · · | using resistive or capacitive elements

|  | H03K 13/256 |
· · | Dynamic code converters, in which a succession of pulses in one line is converted into several simultaneously occurring pulses in several parallel lines or vice versa, e.g. series /parallel converter

|  | H03K 13/258 |
· · · | using shift registers (shift registers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11C)

|  | H03K 13/32 |
· | Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring

|  | H03K 13/34 |
· · | Ensuring error-free coding or decoding, e.g. using parity check

|  | H03K 17/00 |
Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking

|  | H03K 17/02 |
· | Details (modifications of specific types Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/52-H03K 17/88)

|  | H03K 17/04 |
· · | Modifications for accelerating switching

|  | H03K 17/06 |
· · | Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state

|  | H03K 17/08 |
· · | Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overload

|  | H03K 17/10 |
· · | Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage

|  | H03K 17/12 |
· · | Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current

|  | H03K 17/14 |
· · | Compensating for effects of temperature changes

|  | H03K 17/16 |
· · | Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents

|  | H03K 17/18 |
· · | Modifications for indicating state of switch

|  | H03K 17/20 |
· · | Modifications for resetting core switching units to a predetermined state

|  | H03K 17/22 |
· · | Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied (bi-stable generators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/12)

|  | H03K 17/24 |
· · · | Storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails

|  | H03K 17/26 |
· · | Modifications for temporary blocking after receipt of control pulses

|  | H03K 17/28 |
· · | Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching

|  | H03K 17/30 |
· · | Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching

|  | H03K 17/52 |
· | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 17/54 |
· | using vacuum tubes (diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/74)

|  | H03K 17/56 |
· | using semiconductor devices (diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/74)

|  | H03K 17/58 |
· · | using tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 17/60 |
· · | using transistors

|  | H03K 17/62 |
· · · | Distributing arrangements (code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/24)

|  | H03K 17/64 |
· · · | having inductive loads

|  | H03K 17/66 |
· · · | Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will

|  | H03K 17/68 |
· · · | specially adapted for switching ac currents or voltages

|  | H03K 17/70 |
· · | having two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance (using tunnel diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/58)

|  | H03K 17/72 |
· · | having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode at the same conductivity region

|  | H03K 17/74 |
· | using diodes

|  | H03K 17/76 |
· · | Distributing arrangements (code converters Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 13/24)

|  | H03K 17/78 |
· | using electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 17/80 |
· | using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices

|  | H03K 17/82 |
· · | using transfluxors

|  | H03K 17/84 |
· · | using thin-film devices

|  | H03K 17/86 |
· · | using twistors

|  | H03K 17/88 |
· | using beam-deflection tubes

|  | H03K 19/00 |
Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits

|  | H03K 19/02 |
· | characterised by the components used

|  | H03K 19/04 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 19/06 |
· · | using vacuum tubes (using diode rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/12)

|  | H03K 19/08 |
· · | using semiconductor devices (using tunnel diodes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/10; using diode rectifiers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/12)

|  | H03K 19/10 |
· · | using tunnel diodes

|  | H03K 19/12 |
· · | using diode rectifiers

|  | H03K 19/14 |
· · | using electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 19/16 |
· · | using saturable magnetic devices

|  | H03K 19/162 |
· · · | using parametrons

|  | H03K 19/164 |
· · · | using ferro-resonant devices

|  | H03K 19/166 |
· · · | using transfluxors

|  | H03K 19/168 |
· · · | using thin-film devices

|  | H03K 19/17 |
· · | using twistors

|  | H03K 19/20 |
· | characterised by logic function (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 19/02 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 19/22 |
· · | AND circuits, i.e. giving output if all inputs exist

|  | H03K 19/24 |
· · · | Coincidence circuits, i.e. giving output if trigger criterion exists simultaneously at all inputs

|  | H03K 19/26 |
· · · | Amplitude coincidence circuits, i.e. giving output only if all inputs are of equal amplitude (amplitude comparators Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 3/22)

|  | H03K 19/28 |
· · · | Coincidence circuits with at least one trigger criterion of polarity opposite to the other criteria

|  | H03K 19/30 |
· · | OR circuits, i.e. giving output if trigger criterion exists at least at one input

|  | H03K 19/32 |
· · | EXCLUSIVE OR circuits, i.e. giving output if trigger criterion exists at only one input

|  | H03K 19/34 |
· · | NOR circuits, i.e. giving no output if trigger criterion exists at least at one input

|  | H03K 19/36 |
· · | NAND circuits, i.e. giving no output if trigger criterion exists at all inputs

|  | H03K 19/38 |
· · | BUT NOT circuits, i.e. giving output if trigger criterion exists at least at one input and no inhibiting criterion exists at a predetermined further input

|  | H03K 19/40 |
· · | NOT or inverting circuits, i.e. giving no output if input exists

|  | H03K 19/42 |
· · | Majority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the majority of the inputs

|  | H03K 19/44 |
· · | Minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the minority of the inputs

|  | H03K 21/00 |
Details of pulse counters of frequency dividers

|  | H03K 21/02 |
· | Input circuits for pulses

|  | H03K 21/04 |
· · | comprising pulse-shaping or -differentiating circuits

|  | H03K 21/06 |
· · | comprising logic circuits

|  | H03K 21/08 |
· | Output circuits for pulses

|  | H03K 21/10 |
· · | comprising logic circuits

|  | H03K 21/12 |
· · · | with parallel read-out

|  | H03K 21/14 |
· · · | with series read-out of number stored

|  | H03K 21/16 |
· | Circuits for carrying-over pulses between successive decades

|  | H03K 21/18 |
· | Circuits for indicating the result

|  | H03K 21/20 |
· · | using glow-discharge lamps

|  | H03K 21/22 |
· · · | using multi-cathode lamps

|  | H03K 21/24 |
· · | using incandescent lamps

|  | H03K 21/26 |
· · | using pointer meters, e.g. electrometers

|  | H03K 21/28 |
· · | using amplifying devices

|  | H03K 21/30 |
· | Circuits for starting, stopping, or monitoring the counter

|  | H03K 21/32 |
· · | Starting-circuits; Resetting-circuits

|  | H03K 21/34 |
· · | Monitoring-circuits

|  | H03K 21/36 |
· · | for predetermined counting, i.e. counters which can be set to a predetermined starting condition or which produce an output signal when a predetermined number of pulses has been received

|  | H03K 23/00 |
Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 29/00 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/02 |
· | comprising a chain of identical two-state stages which are successively brought from one state into the other by successive pulses, these being applied simultaneously to more than one stage, e.g. ring counter

|  | H03K 23/03 |
· · | using relays

|  | H03K 23/035 |
· · · | using two groups of relays, e.g. one for odd- and one for even-digit positions

|  | H03K 23/04 |
· · | using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits

|  | H03K 23/06 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only vacuum tubes

|  | H03K 23/08 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only semiconductor devices having at least three electrodes

|  | H03K 23/10 |
· · | using bi-stable magnetic cores; using bi-stable ferro-electric capacitors

|  | H03K 23/12 |
· · | using bi-stable electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 23/14 |
· · | using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. Zener diode; using thermistors

|  | H03K 23/16 |
· · · | with negative resistance characteristics, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode

|  | H03K 23/18 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 23/20 |
· · | using vacuum tubes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/06 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/22 |
· · | using semiconductor devices having at least three electrodes (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 23/08 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 23/24 |
· | comprising a chain of bi-stable stages, the pulses being applied to one stage only

|  | H03K 23/25 |
· · | using relays

|  | H03K 23/255 |
· · · | using two groups of relays, e.g. one for odd- and one for even-digit positions

|  | H03K 23/26 |
· · | using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits

|  | H03K 23/28 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only vacuum tubes

|  | H03K 23/30 |
· · · | in which the active elements are only semiconductor devices having at least three electrodes

|  | H03K 23/32 |
· · | using bi-stable magnetic cores; using bi-stable ferro-electric capacitors

|  | H03K 23/34 |
· · | using bi-stable electro-optical devices

|  | H03K 23/36 |
· · | using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode

|  | H03K 23/38 |
· · | using gas-filled tubes

|  | H03K 25/00 |
Pulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 25/02 |
· | comprising charge storage, e.g. capacitor without polarisation hysteresis

|  | H03K 25/04 |
· · | using auxiliary pulse generator triggered by the incoming pulses (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 25/10 takes precedence)

|  | H03K 25/06 |
· · · | with mono-stable multivibrator

|  | H03K 25/08 |
· · · | with blocking oscillator

|  | H03K 25/10 |
· · | using feedback for linearisation of successive charges

|  | H03K 25/12 |
· | comprising hysteresis storage

|  | H03K 25/14 |
· · | using ferro-electric capacitor

|  | H03K 25/16 |
· · · | with feedback for linearisation of successive charges

|  | H03K 25/18 |
· · | using ferromagnetic inductor

|  | H03K 27/00 |
Pulse counters in which pulses are continuously circulated in a closed loop; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 27/02 |
· | comprising a delay line in the closed loop

|  | H03K 29/00 |
Pulse counters comprising multi-stable elements, e.g. for ternary scale, for decimal scale; Analogous frequency dividers

|  | H03K 29/02 |
· | comprising multi-cathode gas-discharge tubes, electron-beam switching tubes or analogous semiconductor switching devices