|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS

SHAPING

|  | B23 |
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; wire-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; making pins, needles, or nails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21G; making chains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21L; grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)

|  | B23 |
Note(s) In addition to operations not provided for in any other class, this class provides, in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, for combinations of operations provided for in different sub-classes of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21-B24, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single sub-class. In the following elaborations: The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise. The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding. The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe). The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe). The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machine for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g, . (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.

|  | B23F |
MAKING GEARS AND TOOTHED RACKS (by stamping Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; by rolling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21H; by forging or pressing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21K; by casting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; arrangements for copying or controlling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | B23F |
Note(s) This sub-class includes primarily the use of methods and apparatus specially designed to produce accurately the shapes of gear teeth which are essential for proper intermeshing of toothed gearing elements to ensure the required relative motions. It also includes the use of similar methods and apparatus in the production of other articles of toothed or like form, e.g. dog clutches, splined shafts, milling cutters, but the production of such articles using other methods and apparatus is not included. In this sub-class: The term "gear teeth" is to be understood as covering the teeth or lobes of other accurately-intermeshing members having relative movement of a similar kind, such as rotors of rotary pumps and blowers. The term "profile" may include the outline of both faces or only one face of a tooth, or the opposing faces of adjacent teeth. The term "straight" means that a tooth as a whole (ignoring any curvature of the tooth-face alone, e.g. crowning) is straight in the direction of its length, for example as seen in the direction of a radius of a spur wheel. It accordingly includes the teeth of helical gears and of the normal type of bevel gear. "Broach-milling" means milling with a rotary cutter having a number of teeth of progressively increasing depth or width.

|  | B23F 1/00 |
Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface (special adaptations for making curved teeth Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23F 9/00)

|  | B23F 1/02 |
· | by grinding

|  | B23F 1/04 |
· | by planing or slotting

|  | B23F 1/06 |
· | by milling

|  | B23F 1/08 |
· | by broaching; by broach-milling

|  | B23F 3/00 |
Making gear teeth involving copying operations controlled by templates having a profile which matches that of the required tooth face or part thereof or a copy thereof to a different scale (copying systems or devices per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q 35/00)

|  | B23F 5/00 |
Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made

|  | B23F 5/02 |
· | by grinding

|  | B23F 5/04 |
· · | the tool being a grinding worm

|  | B23F 5/06 |
· · | the tool being a grinding disc with a plane front surface

|  | B23F 5/08 |
· · | the tool being a grinding disc having a profile which is the same as the tooth or teeth of a rack

|  | B23F 5/10 |
· · | the tool being a grinding disc having a profile which is the same as the tooth or teeth of a crown wheel

|  | B23F 5/12 |
· | by planing or slotting

|  | B23F 5/14 |
· · | the tool having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack

|  | B23F 5/16 |
· · | the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof

|  | B23F 5/18 |
· · | the tool having the same profile as a tooth of a crown wheel

|  | B23F 5/20 |
· | by milling

|  | B23F 5/22 |
· · | the tool being a hob for making spur gears

|  | B23F 5/24 |
· · | the tool being a hob for making bevel gears

|  | B23F 5/26 |
· · | the tool having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack, for making spur gears

|  | B23F 5/28 |
· | by broaching; by broach-milling

|  | B23F 7/00 |
Making herring-bone gear teeth

|  | B23F 9/00 |
Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction

|  | B23F 9/02 |
· | by grinding

|  | B23F 9/04 |
· | by planing or slotting with reciprocating cutting tools

|  | B23F 9/06 |
· · | having a shape similar to a spur wheel of part thereof

|  | B23F 9/08 |
· | by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob

|  | B23F 9/10 |
· · | with a face-mill

|  | B23F 11/00 |
Making worm wheels, e.g. by hobbing

|  | B23F 13/00 |
Making worms by methods essentially requiring the use of machines of the gear-cutting type (making screw-thread Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23G)

|  | B23F 13/02 |
· | Making worms of cylindrical shape

|  | B23F 13/04 |
· · | by grinding

|  | B23F 13/06 |
· | Making worms of globoidal shape

|  | B23F 13/08 |
· · | by grinding

|  | B23F 15/00 |
Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23F 7/00-B23F 13/00

|  | B23F 15/02 |
· | Making gear teeth on wheels of varying radius of operation, e.g. on elliptical wheels

|  | B23F 15/04 |
· | Making fine-pitch gear teeth on clock wheels or the like by special machining

|  | B23F 15/06 |
· | Making gear teeth on the front surface of wheels, e.g. for clutches or couplings with toothed faces

|  | B23F 15/08 |
· | Making intermeshing rotors, e.g. of pumps

|  | B23F 17/00 |
Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups

|  | B23F 19/00 |
Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth

|  | B23F 19/02 |
· | Lapping gear teeth

|  | B23F 19/04 |
· · | Lapping spur gears by making use of a correspondingly shaped counterpart

|  | B23F 19/06 |
· | Shaving the faces of gear teeth

|  | B23F 19/08 |
· · | by means of a tools moving depthwise relatively to the teeth

|  | B23F 19/10 |
· | Chamfering the end edges of gear teeth

|  | B23F 19/12 |
· · | by grinding

|  | B23F 21/00 |
Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth

|  | B23F 21/02 |
· | Grinding discs; Grinding worms (truing grinding tools, grinding tools in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24D)

|  | B23F 21/04 |
· | Planing or slotting tools

|  | B23F 21/06 |
· · | having a profile which matches a gear tooth profile

|  | B23F 21/08 |
· · | having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack

|  | B23F 21/10 |
· · | Gear-shaper cutters having a shape similar to a spur wheel or part thereof

|  | B23F 21/12 |
· | Milling tools

|  | B23F 21/14 |
· · | Profile cutters of disc type

|  | B23F 21/16 |
· · | Hobs

|  | B23F 21/18 |
· · · | Taper hobs, e.g. for bevel gears

|  | B23F 21/20 |
· · | Fly cutters

|  | B23F 21/22 |
· · | Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth

|  | B23F 21/24 |
· | Broach-milling tools

|  | B23F 21/26 |
· | Broaching tools

|  | B23F 21/28 |
· | Shaving cutters

|  | B23F 23/00 |
Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines (tool-guiding mechanisms, see the relevant groups for making gear teeth; accessories or equipment not restricted to gear-cutting machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | B23F 23/02 |
· | Loading arrangements; Chucking arrangements

|  | B23F 23/04 |
· · | Loading arrangements

|  | B23F 23/06 |
· · | Chucking arrangements

|  | B23F 23/08 |
· | Index mechanisms

|  | B23F 23/10 |
· | Arrangements for compensating irregularities in drives or indexing mechanisms

|  | B23F 23/12 |
· | Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth