|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

LIGHTING AND HEATING

|  | F28 |
HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL

|  | F28 |
Note(s) Apparatus using heat exchange or heat transfer (as defined below) for specific purposes is classified either in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28B or in the appropriate sub-classes of, for example, classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F26, or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27; if no such other sub-class is appropriate, such apparatus is classified in sub-clas Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28C or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28D. In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "Heat exchange" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct or indirect contact with a heated or cooled fluid or fluent solid. "Heat transfer" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct contact with a heated or cooled surface or body.

|  | F28B |
STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS (condensation of vapours Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 5/00; steam engine plants having condensers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01K; liquefaction of gases Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F25J; details of heat-exchange and heat-transfer arrangements of general application Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F)

|  | F28C |
HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUB-CLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION (safety devices in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16P; with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28D 13/00-F28D 19/00; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F)

|  | F28D |
HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUB-CLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F)

|  | F28F |
DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16)

|  | F28G |
CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OF BOILERS (cleaning pipes or tubes in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B; cleaning furnace tubes, cleaning flues or chimneys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23J; removing ice from heat-exchange apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28F 17/00)