|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G01 |
MEASURING (counting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06M); TESTING

|  | G02 |
OPTICS (making optical elements or apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B29D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03, or other appropriate sub-class)

|  | G03 |
PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROGRAPHY

|  | G04 |
HOROLOGY

|  | G05 |
CONTROLLING; REGULATING (specially adapted to a particular field of use, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | G05 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes (particularly the definition of the term "variable") on page 1 of this elaboration. This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling in general. In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "Controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation. "Regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control; the term "automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for "regulation". "Proportional band" means that range of values of deviation which corresponds to the full operating range of output signal of the controlling unit resulting from proportional action only.

|  | G06 |
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63B 71/06, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63D 15/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A63F 1/18; combinations of writing appliances with computing devices Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B43K 29/08)

|  | G06 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes (particularly the definition of the term "variable") on page 1 of these elaborations. In this class: The term "data" is understood to be synonymous with "information", and the term "information" is therefore not used in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06C or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F. The terms "calculating" and "computing" are both understood to include, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form; of these words "computing" is used throughout the class. "Computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the word "calcul" will serve for either word. In those sub-classes which include simulators: a simulator in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 is concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system; control functions derived from simulators are not in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 but are generally in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05, although they may be in the sub-class for the device controlled; measurement of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator is in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01; a simulator is regarded as a teaching or training device proper to class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09 if the simulator gives perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations the student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the functioning of apparatus or of a system are in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06, if no provision exists elsewhere. Components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, are classified in the relevant sub-class for these devices or machines and not in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09; a simulator may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale; models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators. The term "record carrier" is understood to mean a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information.

|  | G07 |
CHECKING-DEVICES

|  | G08 |
SIGNALLING (indicating or display devices per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09F; transmission of pictures Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04N; arrangements for selective calling from one station to another Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04Q 9/00)

|  | G09 |
EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; ADVERTISING; SEALS

|  | G10 |
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS

|  | G10 |
Note(s) This class covers generally all sound-emitting devices, whether or not they may be considered as being musical. The term "musical instrument", used in this class, should not be understood as excluding devices emitting a single sound signal. For the convenience of users, the following Class Index is given in place of Sub-class Indexes, to show the grouping of the elaborations belonging to different sub-classes, under the three fundamental types: Wind instruments String instruments Percussion instruments which relate clearly to the majority of instruments. There are of course some instruments of which the principle of operation belongs less clearly to one of these three types. They correspond to groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10D 17/00 and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10K 7/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10K 9/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10K 10/00, all the other groups normally finding a definite place.

|  | G11 |
INFORMATION STORAGE

|  | G12 |
INSTRUMENT DETAILS

NUCLEONICS

|  | G21 |
NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING