|  | B |
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS

SEPARATING AND MIXING

|  | B01 |
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND APPARATUS (IN GENERAL) (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27)

|  | B02 |
CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING

|  | B03 |
SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION (separating isotopes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 59/00; crushing or disintegrating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B02C; centrifuges or vortex apparatus for carrying out physical processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04)

|  | B04 |
CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES (using centrifugal force for the separation of particles from liquids or gases, in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 21/26, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 43/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 45/12)

|  | B05 |
SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING LIQUIDS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (apparatus restricted to a purpose fully provided for in a single other class, see the relevant class covering the purpose; methods involving the use of apparatus in particular arts, see the relevant classes relating to the arts concerned, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B44D)

|  | B06 |
GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL

|  | B07 |
SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING (separation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D; wet separating processes, sorting by processes using fluent material in the same way as liquid Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03; using liquids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03D; sorting by magnetic or electrostatic separation Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B03C; centrifuges or vortex apparatus for carrying out physical processes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B04; sorting peculiar to particular materials or articles and provided for in other classes, see the relevant classes)

|  | B08 |
CLEANING

SHAPING

|  | B21 |
MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL (casting, powder metallurgy Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B22; shearing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23D; soldering, welding, flame-cutting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K; miscellaneous metal-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P; punching sheet material in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B26F; processes for changing of physical properties of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22F; electroforming Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23B 7/00)

|  | B21 |
Note(s) Combinations of operations covered by different sub-classes are dealt with in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P. Combinations of operations covered by any particular sub-class with operations covered by other classes, e.g. with operations involving removal of material, are also dealt with in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, except that if the operations covered by the other classes both are subsidiary to and performed in connection with the operations properly covered in a single sub-class of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21 the combination is classified in that sub-class. Processes of a kind covered by this class but applied to non-metallic materials may be classified here if they are applicable to metal and cannot be classified fully in one other class.

|  | B22 |
CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY

|  | B23 |
MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (punching, perforating, making articles by processing sheet metal, tubes, or profiles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21D; wire-working Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21F; making pins, needles, or nails Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21G; making chains Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21L; grinding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B24)

|  | B23 |
Note(s) In addition to operations not provided for in any other class, this class provides, in sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P, for combinations of operations provided for in different sub-classes of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B21-B24, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with main operations covered by a single sub-class. In the following elaborations: The term "metal-working" should be understood as covering the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise. The term "kind of operation" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding. The term "kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe). The term "form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe). The term "different machines" is to be understood as covering different forms of machine for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q comprises features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. That sub-class provides in general for such features, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features to be classified in the sub-class for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to sub-classes relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the sub-classes in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned. If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g, . (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.

|  | B24 |
GRINDING; POLISHING

|  | B25 |
HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS

|  | B25 |
Note(s) The word "portable" is to be understood as including suspension for easy manual handling, e.g. in connection with spring-suspended portable apparatus for use along assembly lines.

|  | B26 |
HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING MACHINES AND DEVICES NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PARTICULAR MATERIALS OR PURPOSES

|  | B27 |
WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL

|  | B28 |
WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, AND STONE

|  | B29 |
WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (see Section C, particularly Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08, for chemical matters; shaping clay or other ceramic compositions, slag, or mixtures containing cementitious material Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B28B)

|  | B29 |
Note(s) For the purpose of this class, "plastics" means macromolecular compounds or compositions based thereon. A product is not classified here unless it results from a process which is itself classified in this class.

|  | B30 |
PRESSES

|  | B31 |
MAKING PAPER ARTICLES; WORKING PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B)

|  | B31 |
Note(s) The word "paper" in this class is to be interpreted as covering material worked in a manner analogous to paper, e.g. plastic sheet materials, laminated materials or metal foils. This class does not include making articles directly from paper pulp. This class is to be understood as restricted to adaptations or associations of handling sheets, webs, or blanks peculiar to paper-working, e.g. bag or box making, machinery. Handling sheets, webs, or blanks of wider applicability, irrespective of whether described or claimed only for paper-working machinery, is to be regarded as of a more comprehensive nature and as such classified in Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65H.

|  | B32 |
LAYERED PRODUCTS

PRINTING

|  | B41 |
PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS

|  | B42 |
BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER

|  | B43 |
WRITING AND DRAWING APPLIANCES; BUREAU ACCESSORIES

|  | B44 |
SCULPTURING; DECORATIVE ART; PAINTING; COATING

TRANSPORTING

|  | B60 |
VEHICLES IN GENERAL

|  | B60 |
Note(s) In this class, the term "vehicle" means all vehicles except those restricted to one of the following types of vehicles: rail vehicles, waterborne vessels, aircraft, space vehicles, hand carts, cycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and sledges; these types are to be found in the relevant classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B61-B64. Thus, the term "vehicle" embraces vehicular characteristics which are common to more than one of the above-listed types. It also embraces certain characteristics restricted to automobile or road or cross-country trailers. Special adaptations. The following exceptions to be above should be noted: Sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C embrace all vehicle wheels and tyres, except for aircraft. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60C embraces the repairing of, and the connection of valves to, inflatable elastic bodies in general, and in this respect it is not limited to vehicles. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60L embraces certain electric equipment of all electrically-propelled vehicles. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60M embraces certain power supply equipment for, but external to, any kind of electrically-propelled vehicle. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60S relates to all kinds of vehicles; except the servicing of rail locomotives and ground equipment for aircraft. Sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B60T includes brake control systems of general applicability, and in this respect it is not limited to vehicles. It also includes rail-vehicle power-brake systems and some other features of rail-vehicle brake systems.

|  | B61 |
RAILWAYS

|  | B61 |
Note(s) The term "railway systems" is to be understood as covering: systems in which trains or individual passenger vehicles or load carriers run on, or are guided by, ground or elevated tracks defined by rails, ropes, cables, or other guiding elements for wheels, rollers, or sliding anti-friction devices; systems in which carriers or impellers for persons or loads are attached to, e.g. suspended from, a guided traction rope or cable which determines their path of movement (chain conveyers, scraper conveyers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 17/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 19/00); "power and free" systems of either of the above types in which vehicles, load-carriers, or loads may be selectively coupled to, or uncoupled from, continuous traction members, e.g. cables.

|  | B62 |
LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS

|  | B63 |
SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT

|  | B64 |
AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS

|  | B65 |
CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

|  | B66 |
HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING

|  | B67 |
LIQUID HANDLING

|  | B68 |
SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY