|  | D |
SECTION D — TEXTILES; PAPERS

TEXTILES AND FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

|  | D04 |
BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS

|  | D04H |
MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL (weaving Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D03; knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; braiding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04C; net-making Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04G; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B; tufting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05C; finishing non-woven fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06); FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING (non-woven fabrics having an intermediate or external layer of a different kind, e.g. of woven fabric, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B)

|  | D04H |
Note(s) In this sub-class, the term "non-woven fabrics" is used to mean fabrics formed wholly or partly of textile material by processes comprising operations other than the weaving, knitting, braiding, lacing, or knotting of yarns, threads, or filaments for which provision is made in other sub-classes of Section D. For the purposes of this sub-class, the term "non-woven fabrics" embraces felts, cotton-wool, and wadding. Some of these fabrics can also be regarded as "layered products" within the meaning of sub-class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B, and additional classification in that sub-class should be considered in accordance with the introductory and explanatory notes thereto. In cases where the making of such fabrics involves the use of particular chemical compounds or compositions, e.g. for treating or bonding fibres, filaments, or yarns, additional classification in other appropriate sub-classes should also be considered. By varying the proportions of fibres or threads, and the chemical compounds or compositions, the final products may be given the appearance of paper, cardboard, leather, or the like.

|  | D04H 1/00 - D04H 13/00 |
Kinds or types of non-woven fabrics; Apparatus or processes for making such products

|  | D04H 1/00 |
Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres

|  | D04H 1/02 |
· | Cotton-wool; Wadding (carding Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01G)

|  | D04H 1/04 |
· | from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, pre-stretched or fibrillated artificial fibres (felting apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 17/00)

|  | D04H 1/06 |
· · | by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping, or curling of fibres (curling or crimpling of fibres, filaments, or yarns Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D02G 1/00)

|  | D04H 1/08 |
· · | and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products

|  | D04H 1/10 |
· · · | Felts made from mixtures of fibres

|  | D04H 1/12 |
· · · · | and incorporating artificial organic fibres

|  | D04H 1/14 |
· · · · | and incorporating inorganic fibres

|  | D04H 1/16 |
· · · | Laminated felts in which the separate layers are united by a felting process

|  | D04H 1/20 |
· · · | Felts incorporating inserts or attachments, e.g. for ornamental purposes

|  | D04H 1/22 |
· · · | Three-dimensional articles formed by felting processes

|  | D04H 1/24 |
· · · | Covers felted on to three-dimensional articles

|  | D04H 1/40 |
· | from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties

|  | D04H 1/42 |
· · | characterised by the choice of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece

|  | D04H 1/44 |
· · | the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling

|  | D04H 1/46 |
· · · | by needling or like operations to cause interlocking of fibres (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00)

|  | D04H 1/48 |
· · · · | in combination with at least one other method of consolidation, e.g. with application of bonding agents

|  | D04H 1/50 |
· · · | by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling fibres (curling or crimping of fibres, filaments, or yarns Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D02G 1/00)

|  | D04H 1/52 |
· · · | by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements (knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B)

|  | D04H 1/54 |
· · | by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving (in combination with needling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/48)

|  | D04H 1/56 |
· · · | in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres

|  | D04H 1/58 |
· · | by applying, incorporating, or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives (in combination with needling Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/48)

|  | D04H 1/60 |
· · · | the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently

|  | D04H 1/62 |
· · · · | at spaced points or locations

|  | D04H 1/64 |
· · · | the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions

|  | D04H 1/66 |
· · · · | at spaced points or locations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 1/68 takes precedence)

|  | D04H 1/68 |
· · · · | the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam

|  | D04H 1/70 |
· | characterised by the arrangements of the fibres

|  | D04H 1/72 |
· · | the fibres being randomly arranged

|  | D04H 1/74 |
· · | the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel

|  | D04H 3/00 |
Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length

|  | D04H 3/02 |
· | characterised by the arrangement of the yarn or filaments

|  | D04H 3/03 |
· · | at random

|  | D04H 3/04 |
· · | in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles

|  | D04H 3/05 |
· · | in another pattern, e.g. zig-zag, sinusoidal

|  | D04H 3/07 |
· · | otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way

|  | D04H 3/08 |
· | characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating

|  | D04H 3/10 |
· · | with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00; knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B)

|  | D04H 3/12 |
· · | with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

|  | D04H 3/14 |
· · | with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding

|  | D04H 3/16 |
· · | with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

|  | D04H 5/00 |
Non-woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively-short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length

|  | D04H 5/02 |
· | strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00; knitting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04B; sewing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05B)

|  | D04H 5/04 |
· | strengthened or consolidated by applying or incorporating chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents in solid or liquid form

|  | D04H 5/06 |
· | strengthened or consolidated by welding-together thermoplastic fibres, filaments, or yarns

|  | D04H 5/08 |
· | characterised by the arrangement of fibres and yarns

|  | D04H 11/00 |
Non-woven pile fabrics (woven pile fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D03D; tufting Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D05C; layered products forming non-woven pile fabrics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B32B)

|  | D04H 11/04 |
· | formed by zig-zag folding of a fleece or layer of staple fibres, filaments, or yarns, strengthening or consolidating at the folds

|  | D04H 11/08 |
· | formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking (needling machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D04H 18/00)

|  | D04H 13/00 |
Other non-woven fabrics

|  | D04H 17/00 |
Felting apparatus

|  | D04H 17/10 |
· | for felting between rollers, e.g. heated rollers

|  | D04H 17/12 |
· · | Multi-roller apparatus

|  | D04H 18/00 |
Needling machines