|  | G |
SECTION G — PHYSICS

INSTRUMENTS

|  | G05 |
CONTROLLING; REGULATING (specially adapted to a particular field of use, see the relevant sub-class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q)

|  | G05 |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the notes (particularly the definition of the term "variable") on page 1 of this elaboration. This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling in general. In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "Controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation. "Regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control; the term "automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for "regulation". "Proportional band" means that range of values of deviation which corresponds to the full operating range of output signal of the controlling unit resulting from proportional action only.

|  | G05B |
CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (fluid-pressure actuators or systems acting by means of fluids in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F15B; valves in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K; characterised by mechanical features only Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05G; sensitive elements, see the appropriate sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G12B, sub-classes of Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01; correcting units, see the appropriate sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K)

|  | G05B |
Note(s) Applications of control systems or elements for regulating specific variables are covered by sub-classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05F, and not by this sub-class. However, features of such systems or elements which are clearly more generally applicable are classified in this sub-class. In this sub-class: The term "automatic controller" means a system, circuit, or device in which a signal from the detecting element is compared with a signal representing the desired value and which operates in such a way as to reduce the deviation. The automatic controller generally does not include the sensitive element, i.e. that element which measures the value of the condition to be corrected, or the correcting element, i.e. that element which adjusts the condition to be corrected. The term "electric" is intended to include "electromechanical", "electrohydraulic", and "electropneumatic". Details of specific control systems are classified in the group relevant to the system, if not otherwise provided for.

|  | G05B 1/00 |
Comparing elements, i.e. elements for effecting comparison directly or indirectly between a desired value and existing or anticipated values (comparing phase or frequency of two electric signals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03D 13/00)

|  | G05B 1/01 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 1/04 |
· · | with sensing of the position of the pointer of a measuring instrument

|  | G05B 1/06 |
· · · | continuous sensing

|  | G05B 1/08 |
· · · | stepwise sensing

|  | G05B 1/10 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 1/12 |
· | hydraulic only

|  | G05B 5/00 |
Anti-hunting arrangements

|  | G05B 5/01 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 5/03 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 5/05 |
· | hydraulic only

|  | G05B 6/00 |
Internal feedback arrangements for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential (in automatic controllers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/00)

|  | G05B 6/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 6/04 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 6/06 |
· | hydraulic only

|  | G05B 7/00 |
Arrangements for obtaining smooth engagement or disengagement of automatic control

|  | G05B 9/00 |
Safety arrangements (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 7/00 takes precedence; safety valves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16K 17/00; emergency protective circuit arrangements in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02H)

|  | G05B 9/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 9/04 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 9/06 |
· | hydraulic only

|  | G05B 11/00 |
Automatic controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00 takes precedence)

|  | G05B 11/01 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 11/06 |
· · | in which the output signal represents a continuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. continuous controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G05B 11/10 |
· · · | the signal transmitted being dc

|  | G05B 11/12 |
· · · | the signal transmitted being modulated on an ac carrier

|  | G05B 11/14 |
· · | in which the output signal represents a discontinuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. discontinuous controllers (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/26 takes precedence)

|  | G05B 11/16 |
· · · | Two-step controllers, e.g. with on/off action

|  | G05B 11/18 |
· · · | Multi-step controllers

|  | G05B 11/26 |
· · | in which the output signal is a pulse-train

|  | G05B 11/28 |
· · · | using pulse-height modulation; using pulse-width modulation

|  | G05B 11/30 |
· · · | using pulse-frequency modulation

|  | G05B 11/32 |
· · | with inputs from more than one sensing element; with outputs to more than one correcting element

|  | G05B 11/36 |
· · | with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential

|  | G05B 11/38 |
· · · | for obtaining a proportional characteristic

|  | G05B 11/40 |
· · · | for obtaining an integral characteristic

|  | G05B 11/42 |
· · · | for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.

|  | G05B 11/44 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 11/46 |
· · | without auxiliary power

|  | G05B 11/48 |
· · | with auxiliary power

|  | G05B 11/50 |
· · · | in which the output signal represents a continuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. continuous controllers

|  | G05B 11/52 |
· · · | in which the output signal represents a discontinuous function of the deviation from the desired value, i.e. discontinuous controllers

|  | G05B 11/54 |
· · · · | Two-step controllers, e.g. with on/off action

|  | G05B 11/56 |
· · · · | Multi-step controllers

|  | G05B 11/58 |
· · | with inputs from more than one sensing element; with outputs to more than one correcting element

|  | G05B 11/60 |
· | hydraulic only

|  | G05B 13/00 |
Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion (details of the computer Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06F 15/18)

|  | G05B 13/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 15/00 |
Systems controlled by a computer (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00 take precedence; automatic controllers with particular characteristics Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 11/00; computers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06)

|  | G05B 15/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 17/00 |
Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 15/00 take precedence; analogue computers for simulating specific processes, systems or devices, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06G 7/48)

|  | G05B 17/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 19/00 |
Programme-control systems (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 15/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 17/00 take precedence, specific applications, see the relevant sub-classes, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A47L 15/46; clocks or clock mechanisms with attached or built-in means operating any device at a preselected time interval Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G04C 23/00; marking or sensing record carriers with digital information Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G06K; information storage Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11; time or time-programme switches Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01H 43/00)

|  | G05B 19/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 19/04 |
· · | Programme-control other than numerical, i.e. with the programme-storing device delivering other than numerical signals

|  | G05B 19/06 |
· · · | using cams, discs, rods, drums, or the like (mechanical programme-control apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05G 21/00)

|  | G05B 19/08 |
· · · | using plugboards, cross-bar distributors, matrix switches, or the like

|  | G05B 19/10 |
· · · | using selector switches

|  | G05B 19/12 |
· · · | using record carriers

|  | G05B 19/14 |
· · · · | using punched cards or tapes

|  | G05B 19/16 |
· · · · | using magnetic record carriers

|  | G05B 19/18 |
· · | Numerical programme-control, i.e. with the programme-storing device delivering numerical signals

|  | G05B 19/20 |
· · · | using incremental-digital measuring or comparing devices

|  | G05B 19/22 |
· · · · | in which an incremental-comparing device delivers coincidence signals, e.g. for point-to point control

|  | G05B 19/24 |
· · · · | in which an incremental-comparing device delivers signals continuously to a regulating device, e.g. for continuous-path control

|  | G05B 19/26 |
· · · | using absolute-digital measuring or comparing devices

|  | G05B 19/28 |
· · · · | in which an digital-comparing device delivers coincidence signals, e.g. for point-to point control

|  | G05B 19/30 |
· · · · | in which an digital-comparing device delivers signals continuously to a regulating device, e.g. for continuous-path control

|  | G05B 19/32 |
· · · | using analogue measuring or comparing devices

|  | G05B 19/34 |
· · · · | in which an analogue-comparing device delivers coincidence signals, e.g. for point-to point control

|  | G05B 19/36 |
· · · · | in which an analogue-comparing device delivers signals continuously to a regulating device, e.g. for continuous-path control

|  | G05B 19/38 |
· · · | using a combination of the means covered by at least two of the preceding sub-groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/20, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/26, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 19/32

|  | G05B 19/40 |
· · · | Numerical programme control not using a measuring device, e.g. using stepping motor

|  | G05B 19/42 |
· · | Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine

|  | G05B 19/44 |
· | pneumatic only

|  | G05B 21/00 |
Systems involving sampling of the variable controlled (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B 13/00-G05B 19/00 take precedence; signal transmission systems per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08C; electronic switching or gating per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H03K 17/00)

|  | G05B 21/02 |
· | electric

|  | G05B 23/00 |
Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof

|  | G05B 23/02 |
· | Electric testing or monitoring