C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY
  
METALLURGY
 C22
METALLURGY (of iron C21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR OF NON-FERROUS METALS
 C22B
PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS (electrothermic C22D); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
 C22B

Note(s)

In this sub-class, groups for obtaining metals include obtaining the metals by non-metallurgical processes, and obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes. Thus, for example, group C22B 11/00 covers the production of silver by reduction of ammoniacal silver oxide in solution, and group C22B 17/00 includes the production of cadmium oxide by a metallurgical process. Furthermore, although compounds of arsenic and antimony are classified in C01B, production of the elements themselves is included in C22B, as well as the production of their compounds by metallurgical processes.

 C22B 1/00
Preliminary treatment of ores in general (furnaces, sintering apparatus F27B)
 C22B 1/02
·  Roasting processes (C22B 1/16 takes precedence)
 C22B 1/04
·  ·  Blast roasting
 C22B 1/06
·  ·  Sulphating roasting
 C22B 1/08
·  ·  Chloridising roasting
 C22B 1/10
·  ·  in fluidised form
 C22B 1/12
·  Forming intermediary products, other than oxides, sulphates, chlorides, otherwise than by roasting
 C22B 1/14
·  Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
 C22B 1/16
·  ·  Sintering; Agglomerating
 C22B 1/18
·  ·  ·  in sinter pots
 C22B 1/20
·  ·  ·  in sintering machines with movable grates
 C22B 1/22
·  ·  ·  in other sintering apparatus
 C22B 1/24
·  ·  Binding; Briquetting
 C22B 1/26
·  Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores
 C22B 3/00
Extraction of metal compounds from ores by wet methods
 C22B 3/02
·  Apparatus therefor
 C22B 5/00
General methods of reducing to metals
 C22B 5/02
·  Dry methods
 C22B 5/04
·  ·  by aluminium, other metals, or silicon
 C22B 5/06
·  ·  by carbides or the like
 C22B 5/08
·  ·  by sulphides; Roasting reaction methods
 C22B 5/10
·  ·  by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
 C22B 5/12
·  ·  by gases
 C22B 5/14
·  ·  ·  fluidised material
 C22B 5/16
·  ·  with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced
 C22B 5/18
·  ·  Reducing step-by-step
 C22B 5/20
·  ·  from metal carbonyls
 C22B 7/00
Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
 C22B 7/02
·  Working-up flue dust
 C22B 7/04
·  Working-up slag
 C22B 9/00
General methods of refining metals
 C22B 9/02
·  by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, supersonic wave action, or other non-chemical methods
 C22B 9/04
·  ·  by applying a vacuum
 C22B 9/06
·  by poling
 C22B 9/08
·  by chemical means
 C22B 9/10
·  ·  with fluxing and refining agents
 C22B 9/12
·  ·  Refining molten metals
 C22B 9/14
·  in the solid state
 C22B 11/00
Obtaining noble metals
 C22B 11/02
·  by dry processes
 C22B 11/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 11/06
·  chloridising
 C22B 11/08
·  by cyaniding
 C22B 11/10
·  by amalgamating
 C22B 11/12
·  ·  Apparatus therefor
 C22B 13/00
Obtaining lead
 C22B 13/02
·  by dry processes
 C22B 13/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 13/06
·  Refining
 C22B 13/08
·  ·  Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. by Parkes process
 C22B 13/10
·  ·  Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process
 C22B 15/00
Obtaining copper
 C22B 15/02
·  in blast furnaces
 C22B 15/04
·  in reverberatory furnaces
 C22B 15/06
·  in converters
 C22B 15/08
·  with leaching with acids and salt solutions
 C22B 15/10
·  with leaching with ammonia or ammonia-salt solutions
 C22B 15/12
·  by precipitating from solutions
 C22B 15/14
·  Refining
 C22B 17/00
Obtaining cadmium
 C22B 17/02
·  by dry process
 C22B 17/04
·  by wet process
 C22B 17/06
·  Refining
 C22B 19/00
Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
 C22B 19/02
·  Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide
 C22B 19/04
·  Obtaining zinc by distilling
 C22B 19/06
·  ·  in muffle furnaces
 C22B 19/08
·  ·  in blast furnaces
 C22B 19/10
·  ·  in reverberatory furnaces
 C22B 19/12
·  ·  in crucible furnaces
 C22B 19/14
·  ·  in vertical retorts
 C22B 19/16
·  ·  Distilling vessels
 C22B 19/18
·  ·  ·  Condensers; Receiving vessels
 C22B 19/20
·  Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
 C22B 19/22
·  ·  with leaching with acids
 C22B 19/24
·  ·  with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia
 C22B 19/26
·  ·  Refining solutions obtained by leaching zinc ores
 C22B 19/28
·  from muffle furnace residues
 C22B 19/30
·  from metallic residues or scraps
 C22B 19/32
·  Refining zinc
 C22B 19/34
·  Obtaining zinc oxide (purifying zinc oxide C01G)
 C22B 19/36
·  ·  in blast or reverberatory furnaces
 C22B 19/38
·  ·  in rotary furnaces
 C22B 21/00
Obtaining aluminium
 C22B 21/02
·  with reducing
 C22B 21/04
·  with alkali metals
 C22B 21/06
·  Refining
 C22B 23/00
Obtaining nickel or cobalt
 C22B 23/02
·  by dry processess
 C22B 23/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 23/06
·  Refining
 C22B 25/00
Obtaining tin
 C22B 25/02
·  by dry processes
 C22B 25/04
·  by wet processes
 C22B 25/06
·  from scrap, especially tin scrap (detinning electrolytically C22D 1/20)
 C22B 25/08
·  Refining
 C22B 27/00
Alkali metals
 C22B 29/00
Alkaline-earth metals
 C22B 31/00
Antimony
 C22B 33/00
Arsenic
 C22B 35/00
Beryllium
 C22B 37/00
Bismuth
 C22B 39/00
Chromium
 C22B 41/00
Germanium
 C22B 43/00
Mercury
 C22B 45/00
Magnesium
 C22B 47/00
Manganese
 C22B 49/00
Molybdenum
 C22B 51/00
Columbium and/or tantalum
 C22B 53/00
Titanium
 C22B 55/00
Vanadium
 C22B 57/00
Tungsten
 C22B 59/00
Metals of the rare earths
 C22B 61/00
Other metals not mentioned before in subclass C22B (iron C21)
 C22B 61/02
·  Zirconium; Hafnium
 C22B 61/04
·  Thorium, uranium, plutonium, and other actinides
 C22B 61/06
·  Gallium; Indium