H	ELECTRICITY
H01	BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
H01B	CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties H01F0001000000;waveguides H01P)
H01B0001000000	Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors (superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables or transmission lines characterised by the materials H01B0012000000)
H01B0001020000	mainly consisting of metals or alloys
H01B0001040000	mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
H01B0001060000	mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
H01B0001080000	oxides
H01B0001100000	sulfides
H01B0001120000	organic substances
H01B0001140000	Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
H01B0001160000	the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
H01B0001180000	the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
H01B0001200000	Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
H01B0001220000	the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
H01B0001240000	the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
H01B0003000000	Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
H01B0003020000	mainly consisting of inorganic substances
H01B0003040000	mica
H01B0003060000	asbestos
H01B0003080000	quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
H01B0003100000	metallic oxides (ceramics H01B0003120000)
H01B0003120000	ceramics
H01B0003140000	cements
H01B0003160000	gases
H01B0003180000	mainly consisting of organic substances
H01B0003200000	liquids, e.g. oils (silicone oils H01B0003460000)
H01B0003220000	hydrocarbons
H01B0003240000	containing halogen in the molecules, e.g. halogenated oils
H01B0003260000	asphalts; bitumens; pitches
H01B0003280000	natural or synthetic rubbers
H01B0003300000	plastics; resins; waxes
H01B0003320000	natural resins
H01B0003340000	waxes (silicone waxes H01B0003460000)
H01B0003360000	condensation products of phenols with aldehydes or ketones
H01B0003380000	condensation products of aldehydes with amines or amides
H01B0003400000	epoxy resins
H01B0003420000	polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
H01B0003440000	vinyl resins; acrylic resins (silicones H01B0003460000)
H01B0003460000	silicones
H01B0003470000	fibre-reinforced plastics, e.g. glass-reinforced plastics
H01B0003480000	fibrous materials (fibre-reinforced plastics H01B0003470000)
H01B0003500000	fabric
H01B0003520000	wood; paper; pressboard (insulating paper per seD21H0027120000)
H01B0003540000	hard paper; hard fabrics
H01B0003560000	gases
H01B0005000000	Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
H01B0005020000	Single bars, rods, wires or strips; Bus-bars
H01B0005040000	wound or coiled
H01B0005060000	Single tubes
H01B0005080000	Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
H01B0005100000	stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material
H01B0005120000	Braided wires or the like
H01B0005140000	comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
H01B0005160000	comprising conductive material in insulating or poorly conductive material, e.g. conductive rubber (H01B0001140000, H01B0001200000 take precedence;insulating bodies with conductive admixtures H01B0017640000;conductive paints C09D0005240000)
H01B0007000000	Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
H01B0007020000	Disposition of insulation
H01B0007040000	Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
H01B0007060000	Extensible conductors or cables, e.g. self-coiling cords
H01B0007080000	Flat or ribbon cables
H01B0007100000	Contact cables, i.e. having conductors which may be brought into contact by distortion of the cable
H01B0007120000	Floating cables
H01B0007140000	Submarine cables
H01B0007160000	Rigid-tube cables
H01B0007170000	Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
H01B0007180000	by wear, mechanical force or pressure
H01B0007200000	Metal tubes, e.g. lead sheaths
H01B0007220000	Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
H01B0007240000	Devices affording localised protection against mechanical force or pressure
H01B0007260000	Reduction of losses in sheaths or armouring
H01B0007280000	by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
H01B0007282000	Preventing penetration of fluid into conductor or cable
H01B0007285000	by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
H01B0007288000	using hygroscopic material or material swelling in the presence of liquid
H01B0007290000	by extremes of temperature or by flame (H01B0007420000 takes precedence)
H01B0007295000	using material resistant to flame
H01B0007300000	with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying ac, e.g. due to skin effect
H01B0007320000	with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks
H01B0007360000	with distinguishing or length marks
H01B0007380000	with arrangements for facilitating removal of insulation
H01B0007400000	with arrangements for facilitating mounting or securing
H01B0007420000	with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
H01B0009000000	Power cables
H01B0009020000	with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
H01B0009040000	Concentric cables
H01B0009060000	Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
H01B0011000000	Communication cables or conductors
H01B0011020000	Cables with twisted pairs or quads
H01B0011040000	with pairs or quads mutually positioned to reduce cross-talk
H01B0011060000	with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
H01B0011080000	Screens specially adapted for reducing cross-talk
H01B0011100000	Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
H01B0011120000	Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
H01B0011140000	Continuously inductively loaded cables, e.g. Krarup cables
H01B0011160000	Cables, e.g. submarine cables, with coils or other devices incorporated during cable manufacture
H01B0011180000	Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
H01B0011200000	Cables having a multiplicity of coaxial lines
H01B0011220000	Cables including at least one electrical conductor together with optical fibres
H01B0012000000	Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables or transmission lines (superconductors characterised by the ceramic-forming technique or the ceramic composition C04B0035000000)
H01B0012020000	characterised by their form
H01B0012040000	Single wire
H01B0012060000	Films or wires on bases or cores
H01B0012080000	Stranded or braided wires
H01B0012100000	Multi-filaments embedded in normal conductors
H01B0012120000	Hollow conductors
H01B0012140000	characterised by the disposition of thermal insulation
H01B0012160000	characterised by cooling
H01B0013000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
H01B0013004000	for manufacturing rigid-tube cables
H01B0013008000	for manufacturing extensible conductors or cables
H01B0013012000	for manufacturing wire harnesses
H01B0013016000	for manufacturing co-axial cables (applying discontinuous insulation H01B0013200000)
H01B0013020000	Stranding-up
H01B0013040000	Mutually-positioning pairs or quads to reduce cross-talk
H01B0013060000	Insulating conductors or cables (H01B0013320000 takes precedence)
H01B0013080000	by winding
H01B0013100000	by longitudinal lapping
H01B0013120000	by applying loose fibres
H01B0013140000	by extrusion
H01B0013160000	by passing through, or dipping in, a liquid bath; by spraying
H01B0013180000	Applying discontinuous insulation, e.g. discs, beads
H01B0013200000	for concentric or coaxial cables
H01B0013220000	Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers (H01B0013320000 takes precedence)
H01B0013240000	by extrusion
H01B0013260000	by winding, braiding or longitudinal lapping
H01B0013280000	Applying continuous inductive loading, e.g. Krarup loading
H01B0013300000	Drying; Impregnating (H01B0013320000 takes precedence)
H01B0013320000	Filling or coating with impervious material
H01B0013340000	for marking conductors or cables
H01B0015000000	Apparatus or processes for salvaging material from cables (insulated conductors or cables with arrangements for facilitating removal of insulation H01B0007380000;methods or apparatus specially adapted for removing insulation from conductors H02G0001120000)
H01B0017000000	Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
H01B0017020000	Suspension insulators; Strain insulators
H01B0017040000	Chains; Multiple chains
H01B0017060000	Fastening of insulator to support, to conductor, or to adjoining insulator
H01B0017080000	by cap-and-bolt
H01B0017100000	by intermediate link
H01B0017120000	Special features of strain insulators
H01B0017140000	Supporting insulators (pin insulators H01B0017200000;apertured insulators H01B0017240000)
H01B0017160000	Fastening of insulators to support, to conductor, or to adjoining insulator
H01B0017180000	for very heavy conductors, e.g. bus-bars, rails
H01B0017200000	Pin insulators
H01B0017220000	Fastening of conductors to insulator
H01B0017240000	Insulators apertured for fixing by nail, screw, wire, or bar, e.g. diabolo, bobbin
H01B0017260000	Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
H01B0017280000	Capacitor type
H01B0017300000	Sealing
H01B0017320000	Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
H01B0017340000	Insulators containing liquid, e.g. oil
H01B0017360000	Insulators having evacuated or gas-filled spaces
H01B0017380000	Fittings, e.g. caps; Fastenings therefor
H01B0017400000	Cementless fittings
H01B0017420000	Means for obtaining improved distribution of voltage (capacitor-type lead-through insulators H01B0017280000); Protection against arc discharges
H01B0017440000	Structural association of insulators with corona rings
H01B0017460000	Means for providing an external arc-discharge path
H01B0017480000	over chains or other serially-arranged insulators
H01B0017500000	with surfaces specially treated for preserving insulating properties, e.g. for protection against moisture, dirt, or the like
H01B0017520000	having cleaning devices (H01B0017540000 takes precedence)
H01B0017540000	having heating or cooling devices
H01B0017560000	Insulating bodies
H01B0017580000	Tubes, sleeves, beads or bobbins through which the conductor passes
H01B0017600000	Composite insulating bodies
H01B0017620000	Insulating-layers or insulating-films on metal bodies
H01B0017640000	with conductive admixtures inserts or layers
H01B0017660000	Joining insulating bodies together, e.g. by bonding
H01B0019000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
H01B0019020000	Drying; Impregnating
H01B0019040000	Treating the surfaces, e.g. applying coatings
H01C	RESISTORS
H01C0001000000	Details
H01C0001010000	Mounting; Supporting
H01C0001012000	the base extending along, and imparting rigidity or reinforcement to, the resistive element (H01C0001016000 takes precedence;the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops as a spiral, helical, or toroidal winding H01C0003180000, H01C0003200000;the resistive element being formed as one or more layers or coatings on a base H01C0007000000)
H01C0001014000	the resistor being suspended between, and being supported by, two supporting sections (H01C0001016000 takes precedence)
H01C0001016000	with compensation for resistor expansion or contraction
H01C0001020000	Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure
H01C0001022000	the housing or enclosure being openable or separable from the resistive element
H01C0001024000	the housing or enclosure being hermetically sealed (H01C0001028000, H01C0001032000, H01C0001034000 take precedence)
H01C0001026000	with gaseous or vacuum spacing between the resistive element and the housing or casing
H01C0001028000	the resistive element being embedded in insulation with outer enclosing sheath
H01C0001030000	with powdered insulation
H01C0001032000	plural layers surrounding the resistive element (H01C0001028000 takes precedence)
H01C0001034000	the housing or enclosure being formed as coating or mould without outer sheath (H01C0001032000 takes precedence)
H01C0001036000	on wound resistive element
H01C0001040000	Arrangements of distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding
H01C0001060000	Electrostatic or electromagnetic shielding arrangements
H01C0001080000	Cooling, heating, or ventilating arrangements
H01C0001082000	using forced fluid flow
H01C0001084000	using self-cooling, e.g. fins, heat sinks
H01C0001120000	Arrangements of current collectors
H01C0001125000	of fluid contacts
H01C0001140000	Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
H01C0001142000	the terminals or tapping points being coated on the resistive element
H01C0001144000	the terminals or tapping points being welded or soldered
H01C0001146000	the resistive element surrounding the terminal
H01C0001148000	the terminals embracing or surrounding the resistive element (H01C0001142000 takes precedence)
H01C0001160000	Resistor networks not otherwise provided for
H01C0003000000	Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven, or formed as grids
H01C0003020000	arranged or constructed for reducing self-induction, capacitance, or variation with frequency
H01C0003040000	Iron-filament ballast resistors; Other resistors having variable temperature coefficient
H01C0003060000	Flexible or folding resistors, whereby such a resistor can be looped or collapsed upon itself
H01C0003080000	Dimension or characteristic of resistive element changing gradually or in discrete steps from one terminal to another
H01C0003100000	the resistive element having zig-zag or sinusoidal configuration
H01C0003120000	lying in one plane
H01C0003140000	the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops continuously wound as a spiral, helical, or toroidal winding (H01C0003020000-H01C0003120000 take precedence)
H01C0003160000	including two or more distinct wound elements, or two or more winding patterns
H01C0003180000	wound on a flat or ribbon base (H01C0003160000 takes precedence)
H01C0003200000	wound on cylindrical or prismatic base (H01C0003160000 takes precedence)
H01C0007000000	Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material (consisting of loose powdered or granular material H01C0008000000;resistors with a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. field effect resistors, H01L0029000000;semiconductor devices sensitive to electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation, e.g. photoresistors, H01L0031000000;magnetic field controlled resistors H01L0043080000;bulk negative resistance effect devices H01L0047000000)
H01C0007020000	having positive temperature coefficient
H01C0007040000	having negative temperature coefficient
H01C0007060000	including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature
H01C0007100000	voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
H01C0007102000	Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers (H01C0007120000 takes precedence)
H01C0007105000	Varistor cores (H01C0007120000 takes precedence)
H01C0007108000	Metal oxide
H01C0007112000	ZnO type
H01C0007115000	Titanium dioxide- or titanate type
H01C0007118000	Carbide, e.g. SiC type
H01C0007120000	Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters
H01C0007130000	current-responsive
H01C0007180000	comprising a plurality of layers stacked between terminals
H01C0007200000	the resistive layer or coating being tapered
H01C0007220000	Elongated resistive element being bent or curved, e.g. sinusoidal, helical
H01C0008000000	Non-adjustable resistors consisting of loose powdered or granular conducting, or powdered or granular semi-conducting material
H01C0008020000	Coherers or like imperfect resistors for detecting electromagnetic waves
H01C0008040000	Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters
H01C0010000000	Adjustable resistors
H01C0010020000	Liquid resistors
H01C0010040000	with specified mathematical relationship between movement of resistor actuating means and value of resistance, other than direct proportional relationship
H01C0010060000	adjustable by short-circuiting different amounts of the resistive element
H01C0010080000	with intervening conducting structure between the resistive element and the short-circuiting means, e.g. taps
H01C0010100000	adjustable by mechanical pressure or force
H01C0010120000	by changing surface pressure between resistive masses or resistive and conductive masses, e.g. pile type
H01C0010140000	adjustable by auxiliary driving means
H01C0010160000	including plural resistive elements
H01C0010180000	including coarse and fine resistive elements
H01C0010200000	Contact structure or movable resistive elements being ganged
H01C0010220000	resistive-element dimensions changing gradually in one direction, e.g. tapered resistive element (H01C0010040000 takes precedence)
H01C0010230000	resistive-element dimensions changing in a series of discrete, progressive steps
H01C0010240000	the contact moving along turns of a helical resistive element, or vice versa
H01C0010260000	resistive element moving (H01C0010160000, H01C0010240000 take precedence)
H01C0010280000	the contact rocking or rolling along resistive element or taps
H01C0010300000	the contact sliding along resistive element
H01C0010320000	the contact moving in an arcuate path
H01C0010340000	the contact or the associated conducting structure riding on collector formed as a ring or portion thereof
H01C0010360000	structurally combined with switching arrangements
H01C0010380000	the contact moving along a straight path
H01C0010400000	screw-operated
H01C0010420000	the contact bridging and sliding along resistive element and parallel conducting bar or collector
H01C0010440000	the contact bridging and sliding along resistive element and parallel conducting bar or collector (H01C0010420000 takes precedence)
H01C0010460000	Arrangements of fixed resistors with intervening connectors, e.g. taps (H01C0010280000, H01C0010300000 take precedence)
H01C0010480000	including contact movable in an arcuate path
H01C0010500000	structurally combined with switching arrangement (H01C0010360000 takes precedence)
H01C0011000000	Non-adjustable liquid resistors
H01C0013000000	Resistors not provided for elsewhere
H01C0013020000	Structural combinations of resistors
H01C0017000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors (providing fillings for housings or enclosures H01C0001020000;reducing insulation surrounding a resistor to powder H01C0001030000;manufacture of thermally variable resistors H01C0007020000, H01C0007040000)
H01C0017020000	adapted for manufacturing resistors with envelope or housing (apparatus or processes for filling or compressing insulating material in heating element tubes H05B0003520000)
H01C0017040000	adapted for winding the resistive element
H01C0017060000	adapted for coating resistive material on a base
H01C0017065000	by thick-film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
H01C0017070000	by resistor foil bonding, e.g. cladding
H01C0017075000	by thin-film techniques
H01C0017080000	by vapour deposition
H01C0017100000	by flame spraying
H01C0017120000	by sputtering
H01C0017140000	by chemical deposition
H01C0017160000	using electric current
H01C0017180000	without using electric current
H01C0017200000	by pyrolytic processes
H01C0017220000	adapted for trimming
H01C0017230000	by opening or closing resistor tracks of predetermined resistive values
H01C0017232000	Adjusting the temperature coefficient; Adjusting value of resistance by adjusting temperature coefficient
H01C0017235000	Initial adjustment of potentiometer parts for calibration
H01C0017240000	by removing or adding resistive material (H01C0017230000, H01C0017232000, H01C0017235000 take precedence)
H01C0017242000	by laser
H01C0017245000	by mechanical means, e.g. sand-blasting, cutting, ultrasonic treatment
H01C0017260000	by converting resistive material
H01C0017280000	adapted for applying terminals
H01C0017300000	adapted for baking
H01F	MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
H01F0001000000	Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
H01F0001010000	of inorganic materials (H01F0001440000 takes precedence)
H01F0001030000	characterised by their coercivity
H01F0001032000	of hard-magnetic materials
H01F0001040000	metals or alloys
H01F0001047000	Alloys characterised by their composition
H01F0001053000	containing rare earth metals
H01F0001055000	and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
H01F0001057000	and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
H01F0001058000	and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
H01F0001059000	and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2
H01F0001060000	in the form of particles, e.g. powder (H01F0001047000 takes precedence)
H01F0001080000	pressed, sintered, or bound together
H01F0001090000	mixtures of metallic and non-metallic particles; metallic particles having oxide skin
H01F0001100000	non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
H01F0001110000	in the form of particles
H01F0001113000	in a bonding agent
H01F0001117000	Flexible bodies
H01F0001120000	of soft-magnetic materials
H01F0001140000	metals or alloys
H01F0001147000	Alloys characterised by their composition
H01F0001153000	Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
H01F0001160000	in the form of sheets (H01F0001147000 takes precedence)
H01F0001180000	with insulating coating
H01F0001200000	in the form of particles, e.g. powder (H01F0001147000 takes precedence)
H01F0001220000	pressed, sintered, or bound together
H01F0001240000	the particles being insulated
H01F0001260000	by macromolecular organic substances
H01F0001280000	dispersed or suspended in a bonding agent
H01F0001330000	mixtures of metallic and non-metallic particles; metallic particles having oxide skin
H01F0001340000	non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
H01F0001360000	in the form of particles
H01F0001370000	in a bonding agent
H01F0001375000	Flexible bodies
H01F0001380000	amorphous, e.g. amorphous oxides
H01F0001400000	of magnetic semiconductor materials, e.g. CdCr2S4
H01F0001420000	of organic or organo-metallic materials (H01F0001440000 takes precedence)
H01F0001440000	of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
H01F0003000000	Cores, yokes or armatures
H01F0003020000	made from sheets
H01F0003040000	made from strips or ribbons
H01F0003060000	made from wires
H01F0003080000	made from powder
H01F0003100000	Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
H01F0003120000	Magnetic shunt paths
H01F0003140000	Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps (in magnetic shunt paths H01F0003120000)
H01F0005000000	Coils (superconducting coils H01F0006060000;fixed inductances of the signal type H01F0017000000)
H01F0005020000	wound on non-magnetic supports, e.g. formers
H01F0005040000	Arrangements of electric connections to coils, e.g. leads
H01F0005060000	Insulation of windings
H01F0006000000	Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
H01F0006020000	Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching
H01F0006040000	Cooling
H01F0006060000	Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
H01F0007000000	Magnets (superconducting magnets H01F0006000000)
H01F0007020000	Permanent magnets
H01F0007040000	Means for releasing the attractive force
H01F0007060000	Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
H01F0007080000	with armatures
H01F0007100000	specially adapted for ac
H01F0007110000	reducing or eliminating the effects of eddy currents
H01F0007120000	having anti-chattering arrangements
H01F0007121000	Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
H01F0007122000	by permanent magnet
H01F0007123000	by ancillary coil
H01F0007124000	by mechanical latch, e.g. detent
H01F0007126000	Supporting or mounting
H01F0007127000	Assembling
H01F0007128000	Encapsulating, encasing or sealing
H01F0007129000	of armatures
H01F0007130000	characterised by pulling-force characteristic
H01F0007140000	Pivoting armatures (H01F0007170000 takes precedence)
H01F0007160000	Rectilinearly-movable armatures (H01F0007170000 takes precedence)
H01F0007170000	Pivoting and rectilinearly-movable armatures
H01F0007180000	Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
H01F0007200000	without armatures
H01F0010000000	Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
H01F0010060000	characterised by the coupling or physical contact with connecting or interacting conductors
H01F0010080000	characterised by magnetic layers (applying magnetic films to substrates H01F0041140000)
H01F0010100000	characterised by the composition
H01F0010120000	being metals or alloys
H01F0010130000	Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
H01F0010140000	containing iron or nickel (H01F0010130000, H01F0010160000 take precedence)
H01F0010160000	containing cobalt (H01F0010130000 takes precedence)
H01F0010180000	being compounds
H01F0010187000	Amorphous compounds
H01F0010193000	Magnetic semiconductor compounds
H01F0010200000	Ferrites
H01F0010220000	Orthoferrites
H01F0010240000	Garnets
H01F0010260000	characterised by the substrate or intermediate layers (H01F0010320000 takes precedence)
H01F0010280000	characterised by the composition of the substrate
H01F0010300000	characterised by the composition of intermediate layers
H01F0010320000	Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
H01F0013000000	Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
H01F0017000000	Fixed inductances of the signal type
H01F0017020000	without magnetic core
H01F0017030000	with ceramic former
H01F0017040000	with magnetic core
H01F0017060000	with core substantially closed in itself, e.g. toroid
H01F0017080000	Loading coils for telecommunication circuits
H01F0019000000	Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type (H01F0036000000 takes precedence)
H01F0019020000	Audio-frequency transformers or mutual inductances, i.e. not suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
H01F0019040000	Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
H01F0019060000	Broad-band transformers, e.g. suitable for handling frequencies well down into the audio range
H01F0019080000	Transformers having magnetic bias, e.g. for handling pulses
H01F0021000000	Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type (H01F0036000000 takes precedence)
H01F0021020000	continuously variable, e.g. variometers
H01F0021040000	by relative movement of turns or parts of windings
H01F0021060000	by movement of core or part of core relative to the windings as a whole
H01F0021080000	by varying the permeability of the core, e.g. by varying magnetic bias
H01F0021100000	by means of a movable shield
H01F0021120000	discontinuously variable, e.g. tapped
H01F0027000000	Details of transformers or inductances, in general
H01F0027020000	Casings
H01F0027040000	Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements
H01F0027060000	Mounting, supporting, or suspending transformers, reactors, or choke coils
H01F0027080000	Cooling; Ventilating
H01F0027100000	Liquid cooling
H01F0027120000	Oil cooling
H01F0027140000	Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
H01F0027160000	Water cooling
H01F0027180000	by evaporating liquids
H01F0027200000	Cooling by special gases or non-ambient air
H01F0027220000	Cooling by heat conduction through solid or powdered fillings
H01F0027230000	Corrosion protection
H01F0027240000	Magnetic cores
H01F0027245000	made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented (H01F0027260000 takes precedence)
H01F0027250000	made from strips or ribbons (H01F0027260000 takes precedence)
H01F0027255000	made from particles (H01F0027260000 takes precedence)
H01F0027260000	Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
H01F0027280000	Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
H01F0027290000	Terminals; Tapping arrangements
H01F0027300000	Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
H01F0027320000	Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
H01F0027330000	Arrangements for noise damping
H01F0027340000	Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
H01F0027360000	Electric or magnetic shields or screens (movable for varying inductance H01F0021100000)
H01F0027380000	Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
H01F0027400000	Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
H01F0027420000	Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors or choke coils
H01F0029000000	Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F0021000000
H01F0029020000	with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
H01F0029040000	having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
H01F0029060000	with current collector gliding or rolling on or along winding
H01F0029080000	with core, coil, winding, or shield movable to offset variation of voltage or phase shift, e.g. induction regulators
H01F0029100000	having movable part of magnetic circuit
H01F0029120000	having movable coil, winding, or part thereof; having movable shield
H01F0029140000	with variable magnetic bias
H01F0030000000	Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F0019000000
H01F0030020000	Auto-transformers
H01F0030040000	having two or more secondary windings, each supplying a separate load, e.g. for radio set power supplies
H01F0030060000	characterised by the structure
H01F0030080000	without magnetic core
H01F0030100000	Single-phase transformers (H01F0030160000 takes precedence)
H01F0030120000	Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
H01F0030140000	for changing the number of phases
H01F0030160000	Toroidal transformers
H01F0036000000	Transformers with superconductive windings or with windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
H01F0037000000	Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F0017000000
H01F0038000000	Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
H01F0038020000	for non-linear operation
H01F0038040000	for frequency changing
H01F0038060000	for changing the wave shape
H01F0038080000	High-leakage transformers or inductances
H01F0038100000	Ballasts, e.g. for discharge lamps
H01F0038120000	Ignition, e.g. for IC engines
H01F0038140000	Inductive couplings
H01F0038160000	Cascade transformers, e.g. for use with extra high tension
H01F0038180000	Rotary transformers
H01F0038200000	Instrument transformers
H01F0038220000	for single phase ac
H01F0038240000	Voltage transformers
H01F0038260000	Constructions
H01F0038280000	Current transformers
H01F0038300000	Constructions
H01F0038320000	Circuit arrangements
H01F0038340000	Combined voltage and current transformers
H01F0038360000	Constructions
H01F0038380000	for polyphase ac
H01F0038400000	for dc
H01F0038420000	Flyback transformers
H01F0041000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
H01F0041020000	for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets (H01F0041140000 takes precedence)
H01F0041040000	for manufacturing coils
H01F0041060000	Coil winding
H01F0041061000	Winding flat conductive wires or sheets
H01F0041063000	with insulation
H01F0041064000	Winding non-flat conductive wires, e.g. rods, cables or cords
H01F0041066000	with insulation
H01F0041068000	in the form of strip material
H01F0041069000	Winding two or more wires, e.g. bifilar winding
H01F0041070000	Twisting
H01F0041071000	Winding coils of special form (winding conductors onto closed formers or cores H01F0041080000)
H01F0041073000	Winding onto elongate formers
H01F0041074000	Winding flat coils
H01F0041076000	Forming taps or terminals while winding, e.g. by wrapping or soldering the wire onto pins, or by directly forming terminals from the wire
H01F0041077000	Deforming the cross section or shape of the winding material while winding
H01F0041079000	Measuring electrical characteristics while winding
H01F0041080000	Winding conductors onto closed formers or cores, e.g. threading conductors through toroidal cores
H01F0041082000	Devices for guiding or positioning the winding material on the former
H01F0041084000	for forming pancake coils
H01F0041086000	in a special configuration on the former, e.g. orthocyclic coils or open mesh coils
H01F0041088000	using revolving flyers
H01F0041090000	Winding machines having two or more work holders or formers
H01F0041092000	Turrets; Turntables
H01F0041094000	Tensioning or braking devices
H01F0041096000	Dispensing or feeding devices
H01F0041098000	Mandrels;  Formers
H01F0041100000	Connecting leads to windings
H01F0041120000	Insulating of windings
H01F0041140000	for applying magnetic films to substrates
H01F0041160000	the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy (H01F0041180000 takes precedence)
H01F0041180000	by cathode sputtering
H01F0041200000	by evaporation
H01F0041220000	Heat treatment; Thermal decomposition; Chemical vapour deposition
H01F0041240000	from liquids
H01F0041260000	using electric currents
H01F0041280000	by liquid phase epitaxy
H01F0041300000	for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
H01F0041320000	for applying conductive, insulating or magnetic material on a magnetic film
H01F0041340000	in patterns, e.g. by lithography
H01G	CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric H01B0003000000;capacitors with potential-jump or surface barrier H01L0029000000)
H01G0002000000	Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G0004000000-H01G0011000000
H01G0002020000	Mountings
H01G0002040000	specially adapted for mounting on a chassis
H01G0002060000	specially adapted for mounting on a printed-circuit support
H01G0002080000	Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Ventilating arrangements
H01G0002100000	Housing; Encapsulation
H01G0002120000	Protection against corrosion (H01G0002100000 takes precedence)
H01G0002140000	Protection against electric or thermal overload (by cooling H01G0002080000)
H01G0002160000	with fusing elements
H01G0002180000	with breakable contacts
H01G0002200000	Arrangements for preventing discharge from edges of electrodes
H01G0002220000	Electrostatic or magnetic shielding
H01G0002240000	Distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding
H01G0004000000	Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture (electrolytic capacitors H01G0009000000)
H01G0004002000	Details
H01G0004005000	Electrodes
H01G0004008000	Selection of materials
H01G0004010000	Form of self-supporting electrodes
H01G0004012000	Form of non-self-supporting electrodes
H01G0004015000	Special provisions for self-healing
H01G0004018000	Dielectrics
H01G0004020000	Gas or vapour dielectrics
H01G0004040000	Liquid dielectrics
H01G0004060000	Solid dielectrics
H01G0004080000	Inorganic dielectrics
H01G0004100000	Metal-oxide dielectrics
H01G0004120000	Ceramic dielectrics
H01G0004140000	Organic dielectrics
H01G0004160000	of fibrous material, e.g. paper
H01G0004180000	of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose (H01G0004160000 takes precedence)
H01G0004200000	using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G0004020000-H01G0004060000 (H01G0004120000 takes precedence)
H01G0004220000	impregnated
H01G0004224000	Housing; Encapsulation
H01G0004228000	Terminals
H01G0004232000	electrically connecting two or more layers of a stacked or rolled capacitor
H01G0004236000	leading through the housing, i.e. lead-through
H01G0004242000	the capacitive element surrounding the terminal
H01G0004245000	Tabs between the layers of a rolled electrode
H01G0004248000	the terminals embracing or surrounding the capacitive element, e.g. caps (H01G0004252000 takes precedence)
H01G0004252000	the terminals being coated on the capacitive element (H01G0004232000 takes precedence)
H01G0004255000	Means for correcting the capacitance value
H01G0004258000	Temperature compensation means
H01G0004260000	Folded capacitors
H01G0004280000	Tubular capacitors
H01G0004300000	Stacked capacitors (H01G0004330000 takes precedence)
H01G0004320000	Wound capacitors
H01G0004330000	Thin- or thick-film capacitors
H01G0004350000	Feed-through capacitors or anti-noise capacitors
H01G0004380000	Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
H01G0004400000	Structural combinations of fixed capacitors with other electric elements not covered by this subclass, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations
H01G0005000000	Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
H01G0005010000	Details
H01G0005011000	Electrodes
H01G0005012000	at least one of the electrodes being a displaceable liquid or powder
H01G0005013000	Dielectrics
H01G0005014000	Housing; Encapsulation
H01G0005015000	Current collectors
H01G0005017000	Temperature compensation
H01G0005019000	Means for correcting the capacitance characteristics
H01G0005040000	using variation of effective area of electrode
H01G0005060000	due to rotation of flat or substantially flat electrodes
H01G0005080000	becoming active in succession
H01G0005100000	due to rotation of helical electrodes
H01G0005120000	due to rotation of part-cylindrical, conical, or spherical electrodes
H01G0005140000	due to longitudinal movement of electrodes
H01G0005160000	using variation of distance between electrodes
H01G0005180000	due to change in inclination, e.g. by flexing, by spiral wrapping
H01G0005380000	Multiple capacitors, e.g. ganged
H01G0005400000	Structural combinations of variable capacitors with other electric elements not covered by this subclass, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations
H01G0007000000	Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
H01G0007020000	Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
H01G0007040000	having a dielectric selected for the variation of its permitivity with applied temperature
H01G0007060000	having a dielectric selected for the variation of its permitivity with applied voltage, i.e. ferroelectric capacitors (electrets H01G0007020000)
H01G0009000000	Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
H01G0009004000	Details
H01G0009008000	Terminals
H01G0009012000	specially adapted for solid capacitors
H01G0009020000	Diaphragms; Separators
H01G0009022000	Electrolytes; Absorbents
H01G0009025000	Solid electrolytes (H01G0011540000 takes precedence)
H01G0009028000	Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
H01G0009032000	Inorganic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. MnO2
H01G0009035000	Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials (H01G0011540000 takes precedence)
H01G0009040000	Electrodes
H01G0009042000	characterised by the material (H01G0011220000 takes precedence)
H01G0009045000	based on aluminium
H01G0009048000	characterised by their structure (H01G0011220000 takes precedence)
H01G0009052000	Sintered electrodes
H01G0009055000	Etched foil electrodes
H01G0009060000	Mounting in containers
H01G0009070000	Dielectric layers
H01G0009080000	Housing; Encapsulation
H01G0009100000	Sealing, e.g. of lead-in wires
H01G0009120000	Vents or other means allowing expansion
H01G0009140000	Structural combinations for modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of electrolytic capacitors
H01G0009145000	Liquid electrolytic capacitors (H01G0011000000 takes precedence)
H01G0009150000	Solid electrolytic capacitors (H01G0011000000 takes precedence)
H01G0009160000	specially adapted for use as rectifiers or detectors (H01G0009220000 takes precedence)
H01G0009180000	Self-interrupters
H01G0009200000	Light-sensitive devices
H01G0009210000	Temperature-sensitive devices
H01G0009220000	Devices using combined reduction and oxidation, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
H01G0009260000	Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices with each other
H01G0009280000	Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices with other electric components not covered by this subclass
H01G0011000000	Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
H01G0011020000	using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
H01G0011040000	Hybrid capacitors
H01G0011060000	with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium-ion capacitors [LICs]
H01G0011080000	Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
H01G0011100000	Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules (housings, cases, encapsulations or mountings thereof H01G0011780000)
H01G0011120000	Stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
H01G0011140000	Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors (emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for capacitors, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions H02H0007160000;emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltages without disconnection H02H0009000000)
H01G0011160000	against electric overloads, e.g. including fuses
H01G0011180000	against thermal overloads, e.g. heating, cooling or ventilating
H01G0011200000	Reformation or processes for removal of impurities, e.g. scavenging
H01G0011220000	Electrodes
H01G0011240000	characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
H01G0011260000	characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
H01G0011280000	arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
H01G0011300000	characterised by their material
H01G0011320000	Carbon-based
H01G0011340000	characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
H01G0011360000	Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
H01G0011380000	Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
H01G0011400000	Fibres
H01G0011420000	Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
H01G0011440000	Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
H01G0011460000	Metal oxides
H01G0011480000	Conductive polymers
H01G0011500000	specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
H01G0011520000	Separators
H01G0011540000	Electrolytes
H01G0011560000	Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
H01G0011580000	Liquid electrolytes
H01G0011600000	characterised by the solvent
H01G0011620000	characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
H01G0011640000	characterised by additives
H01G0011660000	Current collectors
H01G0011680000	characterised by their material
H01G0011700000	characterised by their structure
H01G0011720000	specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
H01G0011740000	Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
H01G0011760000	specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
H01G0011780000	Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
H01G0011800000	Gaskets; Sealings
H01G0011820000	Fixing or assembling a capacitive element in a housing, e.g. mounting electrodes, current collectors or terminals in containers or encapsulations
H01G0011840000	Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
H01G0011860000	specially adapted for electrodes (carbonisation or activation of carbon for the manufacture of electrodes H01G0011340000)
H01G0013000000	Apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors; Processes specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors not provided for in groups H01G0004000000-H01G0011000000
H01G0013020000	Machines for winding capacitors
H01G0013040000	Drying; Impregnating
H01G0013060000	with provision for removing metal surfaces
H01G0015000000	Structural combinations of capacitors or other devices covered by at least two different main groups of this subclass with each other (involving at least one hybrid or electric double-layer [EDL] capacitor as the main component H01G0011080000)
H01G0017000000	Structural combinations of capacitors or other devices covered by at least two different main groups of this subclass with other electric elements, not covered by this subclass, e.g. RC combinations
H01H	ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES (contact cables H01B0007100000;electrolytic self-interrupters H01G0009180000;emergency protective circuit arrangements H02H;switching by electronic means without contact-making H03K0017000000)
H01H0001000000	Electric switches
H01H0001000000	Contacts (liquid contacts H01H0029040000)
H01H0001020000	characterised by the material thereof
H01H0001021000	Composite material
H01H0001023000	having a noble metal as the basic material
H01H0001023300	and containing carbides
H01H0001023700	and containing oxides
H01H0001025000	having copper as the basic material
H01H0001027000	containing carbon particles or fibres
H01H0001029000	comprising conducting material dispersed in an elastic support or binding material
H01H0001040000	Co-operating contacts of different material
H01H0001060000	characterised by the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved
H01H0001080000	wetted with mercury
H01H0001100000	Laminated contacts with divided contact surface
H01H0001120000	characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
H01H0001140000	by abutting
H01H0001160000	by rolling; by wrapping; Roller or ball contacts
H01H0001180000	with subsequent sliding
H01H0001200000	Bridging contacts
H01H0001220000	with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact
H01H0001240000	with resilient mounting
H01H0001260000	with spring blade support
H01H0001280000	Assembly of three or more contact-supporting spring blades
H01H0001300000	within supporting guides
H01H0001320000	Self-aligning contacts
H01H0001340000	with provision for adjusting position of contact relative to its co-operating contact
H01H0001360000	by sliding
H01H0001380000	Plug-and-socket contacts
H01H0001400000	Contact mounted so that its contact-making surface is flush with adjoining insulation
H01H0001420000	Knife-and-clip contacts
H01H0001440000	with resilient mounting
H01H0001460000	self-aligning contacts
H01H0001480000	with provision for adjusting position of contact relative to its co-operating contact
H01H0001500000	Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
H01H0001520000	Contacts adapted to act as latches
H01H0001540000	by magnetic force
H01H0001560000	Contact arrangements for providing make-before-break operation, e.g. for on-load tap-changing
H01H0001580000	Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
H01H0001600000	Auxiliary means structurally associated with the switch for cleaning or lubricating contact-making surfaces (cleaning by normal sliding of contacts H01H0001180000, H01H0001360000)
H01H0001620000	Heating or cooling of contacts
H01H0001640000	Protective enclosures, baffle plates, or screens for contacts
H01H0001660000	Contacts sealed in an evacuated or gas-filled envelope, e.g. magnetic dry-reed contacts
H01H0003000000	Mechanisms for operating contacts (thermal actuating or release means H01H0037020000)
H01H0003020000	Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
H01H0003040000	Levers (tumblers H01H0023140000)
H01H0003060000	Means for securing to shaft of driving mechanism
H01H0003080000	Turn knobs
H01H0003100000	Means for securing to shaft of driving mechanism
H01H0003120000	Push-buttons
H01H0003140000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0003160000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. for a door switch, a limit switch, a floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0003180000	the movement in one direction being intentionally by hand, e.g. for setting automatically cancelled trafficators
H01H0003200000	wherein an auxiliary movement thereof, or of an attachment thereto, is necessary before the main movement is possible or effective, e.g. for unlatching, for coupling
H01H0003220000	Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
H01H0003240000	using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator
H01H0003260000	using dynamo-electric motor (for storing energy in a spring motor H01H0003300000)
H01H0003280000	using electromagnet (for storing energy in a spring motor H01H0003300000;for operating relays H01H0045000000)
H01H0003300000	using spring motor
H01H0003320000	Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts (snap-action arrangements H01H0005000000;introducing a predetermined time delay H01H0007000000)
H01H0003340000	using ratchet
H01H0003360000	using belt, chain, or cord
H01H0003380000	using spring or other flexible shaft coupling
H01H0003400000	using friction, toothed, or screw-and-nut gearing
H01H0003420000	using cam or eccentric
H01H0003440000	using Geneva movement
H01H0003460000	using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle
H01H0003480000	using lost-motion device
H01H0003500000	with indexing or locating means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring
H01H0003520000	with means to ensure stopping at intermediate operative positions
H01H0003540000	Mechanisms for coupling or uncoupling operating parts, driving mechanisms, or contacts
H01H0003560000	using electromagnetic clutch
H01H0003580000	using friction, toothed, or other mechanical clutch
H01H0003600000	Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
H01H0003620000	Lubricating means structurally associated with the switch (for lubricating contact-making surfaces H01H0001600000)
H01H0005000000	Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
H01H0005020000	Energy stored by the attraction or repulsion of magnetic parts
H01H0005040000	Energy stored by deformation of elastic members (by deformation of bimetallic element in thermally-actuated switches H01H0037540000)
H01H0005060000	by compression or extension of coil springs
H01H0005080000	one end of spring transmitting movement to the contact member when the other end is moved by the operating part
H01H0005100000	one end of spring being fixedly connected to the stationary or movable part of the switch, and the other end reacting with a movable or stationary rigid member respectively through pins, cams, toothed, or other shaped surfaces
H01H0005120000	having two or more snap-action motions in succession
H01H0005140000	by twisting of torsion members
H01H0005160000	with auxiliary means for temporarily holding parts until torsion member is sufficiently strained
H01H0005180000	by flexing of blade springs
H01H0005200000	single blade moved across dead-centre position
H01H0005220000	blade spring with at least one snap-acting leg and at least one separate contact-carrying or contact-actuating leg
H01H0005240000	having three legs
H01H0005260000	having two or more snap-action motions in succession
H01H0005280000	two separate blade springs forming a toggle
H01H0005300000	by buckling of disc springs
H01H0007000000	Devices for introducing a predetermined time delay between the initiation of the switching operation and the opening or closing of the contacts (time or time-programme switches H01H0043000000)
H01H0007020000	with fluid timing means
H01H0007030000	with dash-pots
H01H0007040000	with flies, i.e. fan governors
H01H0007060000	with thermal timing means
H01H0007080000	with timing by mechanical speed-control devices
H01H0007100000	by escapement
H01H0007120000	mechanical
H01H0007140000	electromagnetic
H01H0007160000	Devices for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle (circuit arrangements H01H0009560000)
H01H0009000000	Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H0001000000-H01H0007000000
H01H0009020000	Bases, casings, or covers (accommodating more than one switch or a switch and another electrical component H02B0001260000)
H01H0009040000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings
H01H0009060000	Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
H01H0009080000	Arrangements to facilitate replacement of switch, e.g. cartridge housing
H01H0009100000	Adaptation for built-in fuses (mounting switch and fuse separately on, or in, common support H02B0001180000)
H01H0009120000	Means for earthing parts of switch not normally conductively connected to the contacts
H01H0009140000	Adaptation for built-in safety spark gaps
H01H0009160000	Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
H01H0009180000	Distinguishing marks on switches, e.g. for indicating switch location in the dark; Adaptation of switches to receive distinguishing marks
H01H0009200000	Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
H01H0009220000	for interlocking between casing, cover, or protective shutter and mechanism for operating contacts
H01H0009240000	for interlocking two or more parts of the mechanism for operating contacts
H01H0009260000	for interlocking two or more switches (by a detachable member H01H0009280000)
H01H0009280000	for locking switch parts by a key or equivalent removable member (switches operated by a key H01H0027000000;locking by removable part of two-part coupling device H01R)
H01H0009300000	Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
H01H0009320000	Insulating body insertable between contacts
H01H0009340000	Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
H01H0009360000	Metal parts
H01H0009380000	Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts (using arcing-horns H01H0009460000)
H01H0009400000	Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
H01H0009420000	Impedances connected with contacts
H01H0009440000	using blow-out magnet
H01H0009460000	using arcing horns (using blow-out magnet H01H0009440000)
H01H0009480000	Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
H01H0009500000	Means for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge
H01H0009520000	Cooling of switch parts (cooling of contacts H01H0001620000)
H01H0009540000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
H01H0009560000	for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
H01H0011000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches (processes specially adapted for manufacture of rectilinearly movable switches having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboards, H01H0013880000)
H01H0011020000	for mercury switches
H01H0011040000	of switch contacts
H01H0011060000	Fixing of contacts to carrier
H01H0013000000	Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch (wherein the operating part is flexible H01H0017000000)
H01H0013020000	Details
H01H0013040000	Cases; Covers
H01H0013060000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings
H01H0013080000	Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch
H01H0013100000	Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
H01H0013120000	Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
H01H0013140000	Operating parts, e.g. push-button
H01H0013160000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0013180000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0013200000	Driving mechanisms
H01H0013220000	acting with snap action (depending upon deformation of elastic members H01H0013260000)
H01H0013240000	with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0013260000	Snap-action arrangements depending upon deformation of elastic members
H01H0013280000	using compression or extension of coil springs
H01H0013300000	one end of spring transmitting movement to the contact member when the other end is moved by the operating part
H01H0013320000	one end of spring being fixedly connected to the stationary or movable part of the switch and the other end reacting with a movable or stationary rigid member respectively through pins, cams, toothed, or other shaped surfaces
H01H0013340000	having two or more snap-action motions in succession
H01H0013360000	using flexing of blade springs
H01H0013380000	Single blade moved across dead-centre position
H01H0013400000	Blade spring with at least one snap-acting leg and at least one separate contactcarrying or contact-actuating leg
H01H0013420000	having three legs
H01H0013440000	having two or more snap-action motions in succession
H01H0013460000	two separate blade springs forming a toggle
H01H0013480000	using buckling of disc springs
H01H0013500000	having a single operating member
H01H0013520000	the contact returning to its original state immediately upon removal of operating force, e.g. bell push switch
H01H0013540000	the contact returning to its original state a predetermined time interval after removal of operating force, e.g. for staircase lighting
H01H0013560000	the contact returning to its original state upon the next application of operating force
H01H0013580000	with contact-driving member rotated step-wise in one direction
H01H0013600000	with contact-driving member moved alternately in opposite directions
H01H0013620000	the contact returning to its original state upon manual release of a latch (latch released by second push-button H01H0013680000)
H01H0013640000	wherein the switch has more than two electrically distinguishable positions, e.g. multi-position push-button switches
H01H0013660000	the operating member having only two positions
H01H0013680000	having two operating members, one for opening and one for closing the same set of contacts (single operating member protruding from different sides of switch casing for alternate pushing upon opposite ends H01H0015220000)
H01H0013700000	having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard (mounting together a plurality of independent switches H02B)
H01H0013702000	with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
H01H0013703000	characterised by spacers between contact carrying layers
H01H0013704000	characterised by the layers, e.g. by their material or structure (H01H0013703000 takes precedence)
H01H0013705000	characterised by construction, mounting or arrangement of operating parts, e.g. push-buttons or keys
H01H0013705700	characterised by the arrangement of operating parts in relation to each other, e.g. pre-assembled groups of keys
H01H0013706500	characterised by the mechanism between keys and layered keyboards
H01H0013707300	characterised by springs, e.g. Euler springs
H01H0013708000	in which all fixed and movable contacts are carried by insulating members (H01H0013705000 takes precedence)
H01H0013712000	all of the insulating members being substantially flat
H01H0013715000	in which each contact set includes a contact which is not secured to or part of a supporting layer, e.g. a snap dome (H01H0013705000 takes precedence)
H01H0013718000	in which some or all of the movable contacts are formed in a single conductive plate, e.g. formed by punching sheet metal (H01H0013705000 takes precedence)
H01H0013720000	wherein the switch has means for limiting the number of operating members that can concurrently be in the actuated position
H01H0013740000	each contact set returning to its original state only upon actuation of another of the operating members
H01H0013760000	wherein some or all of the operating members actuate different combinations of the contact sets, e.g. ten operating members actuating different combinations of four contact sets
H01H0013780000	characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
H01H0013785000	characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
H01H0013790000	characterised by the form of the contacts, e.g. interspersed fingers or helical networks
H01H0013800000	characterised by the manner of cooperation of the contacts, e.g. with both contacts movable or with bounceless contacts
H01H0013803000	characterised by the switching function thereof, e.g. normally closed contacts or consecutive operation of contacts
H01H0013807000	characterised by the spatial arrangement of the contact sites, e.g. superimposed sites
H01H0013810000	characterised by electrical connections to external devices
H01H0013820000	characterised by contact space venting means
H01H0013830000	characterised by legends, e.g. Braille, liquid crystal displays, light emitting or optical elements
H01H0013840000	characterised by ergonomic functions, e.g. for miniature keyboards; characterised by operational sensory functions, e.g. sound feedback (legends H01H0013830000)
H01H0013850000	characterised by tactile feedback features
H01H0013860000	characterised by the casing, e.g. sealed casings or casings reducible in size
H01H0013880000	Processes specially adapted for manufacture of rectilinearly movable switches having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboards
H01H0015000000	Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch
H01H0015020000	Details
H01H0015040000	Stationary parts; Contacts mounted thereon
H01H0015060000	Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
H01H0015080000	Contact arrangements for providing make-before-break operation, e.g. for on-load tap-changing
H01H0015100000	Operating parts
H01H0015120000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0015140000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0015160000	Driving mechanisms
H01H0015180000	acting with snap action
H01H0015200000	with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0015220000	having a single operating part protruding from different sides of switch casing for alternate actuation from opposite ends
H01H0015240000	having a single operating part only protruding from one side of the switch casing for alternate pushing and pulling
H01H0017000000	Switches having flexible operating part adapted only for pulling, e.g. cord, chain
H01H0017020000	Details
H01H0017040000	Stationary parts (guides H01H0017140000)
H01H0017060000	Movable parts (guides H01H0017140000)
H01H0017080000	Operating part, e.g. cord
H01H0017100000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0017120000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0017140000	Guiding means for flexible operating part
H01H0017160000	having a single flexible operating part adapted for pulling at one end only
H01H0017180000	secured to a part of the switch driving mechanism that has only angular movement
H01H0017200000	the contact returning to its original state immediately upon removal of operating force
H01H0017220000	the contact returning to its original state upon the next application of operating force
H01H0017240000	secured to a part of the switch driving mechanism that has both angular and rectilinear motion
H01H0017260000	having two flexible operating parts; having a single operating part adapted for pulling at both ends
H01H0017280000	secured to a part or parts of the switch driving mechanism having only rectilinear motion
H01H0017300000	secured to a part or parts of the switch driving mechanism having only angular motion
H01H0019000000	Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
H01H0019020000	Details
H01H0019030000	Means for limiting the angle of rotation of the operating part
H01H0019040000	Cases; Covers
H01H0019060000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings
H01H0019080000	Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
H01H0019100000	Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
H01H0019110000	with indexing means
H01H0019120000	Contact arrangements for providing make-before-break operation, e.g. for on-load tap-changing
H01H0019140000	Operating parts, e.g. turn knob
H01H0019160000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0019180000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0019200000	Driving mechanisms allowing angular displacement of the operating part to be effective in either direction
H01H0019220000	incorporating lost motion
H01H0019240000	acting with snap action
H01H0019260000	with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0019280000	Driving mechanisms allowing angular displacement of the operating part to be effective or possible in only one direction
H01H0019300000	incorporating lost motion
H01H0019320000	acting with snap action
H01H0019340000	with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0019360000	the operating part having only two operative positions, e.g. relatively displaced by 180°
H01H0019380000	Change-over switches
H01H0019400000	having only axial contact pressure
H01H0019420000	providing more than two electrically-different conditions, e.g. for closing either or both of two circuits
H01H0019440000	having only axial contact pressure
H01H0019460000	the operating part having three operative positions, e.g. off/star/delta
H01H0019480000	having only axial contact pressure
H01H0019500000	the operating part having four operative positions, e.g. off/two-in-series/one-only/two-in-parallel
H01H0019520000	having only axial contact pressure
H01H0019540000	the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
H01H0019560000	Angularly-movable actuating part carrying contacts, e.g. drum switch
H01H0019580000	having only axial contact pressure, e.g. disc switch, wafer switch
H01H0019600000	Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
H01H0019620000	Contacts actuated by radial cams
H01H0019630000	Contacts actuated by axial cams
H01H0019635000	Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
H01H0019640000	Encased switches adapted for ganged operation when assembled in a line with identical switches, e.g. stacked switches
H01H0021000000	Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand (tumbler or rocker switches H01H0023000000;switches having an operating part movable angularly in more than one plane H01H0025040000)
H01H0021020000	Details
H01H0021040000	Cases; Covers
H01H0021060000	interlocked with operating mechanism
H01H0021080000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings
H01H0021100000	Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch
H01H0021120000	Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
H01H0021140000	Means for increasing contact pressure
H01H0021160000	Adaptation for built-in fuse
H01H0021180000	Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
H01H0021200000	Contact arrangements for providing make-before-break operation, e.g. for on-load tap-changing
H01H0021220000	Operating parts, e.g. handle
H01H0021240000	biased to return to original position upon removal of operating force
H01H0021260000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0021280000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0021300000	not biased to return to original position upon removal of operating force
H01H0021320000	adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0021340000	adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0021360000	Driving mechanisms
H01H0021380000	incorporating lost motion
H01H0021400000	having snap action
H01H0021420000	produced by compression or extension of coil spring
H01H0021440000	produced by flexing blade springs
H01H0021460000	with two or more snap-action motions in succession
H01H0021480000	incorporating a ratchet mechanism
H01H0021500000	with indexing or latching means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring; with means to ensure stopping at intermediate operative positions
H01H0021520000	with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0021540000	Lever switches with blade-type contact co-operating with one or two spring-clip contacts, e.g. knife switch, sectionalisers
H01H0021560000	making contact in one position only
H01H0021580000	Change-over switches without stable intermediate position
H01H0021600000	Change-over switches with stable intermediate position
H01H0021860000	Switches with abutting contact carried by operating part, e.g. telegraph tapping key
H01H0021880000	with intermediate position of rest
H01H0023000000	Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button
H01H0023020000	Details
H01H0023040000	Cases; Covers
H01H0023060000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings
H01H0023080000	Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
H01H0023100000	Adaptation for built-in fuse
H01H0023120000	Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
H01H0023140000	Tumblers
H01H0023160000	Driving mechanisms
H01H0023180000	incorporating lost motion
H01H0023200000	having snap action
H01H0023220000	with means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0023240000	with two operating positions
H01H0023260000	one of which positions is unstable
H01H0023280000	with three operating positions
H01H0023300000	with stable centre position and one or both end positions unstable
H01H0025000000	Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
H01H0025040000	Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
H01H0025060000	Operating part movable both angularly and rectilinearly, the rectilinear movement being along the axis of angular movement
H01H0027000000	Switches operated by a removable member, e.g. key, plug or plate; Switches operated by setting members according to a single predetermined combination out of several possible settings (combined with plug-and-socket connectors H01R0013700000;with current-carrying plug H01R0031080000)
H01H0027040000	Insulating plug or plate inserted between normally-closed contacts
H01H0027060000	Key inserted and then turned to effect operation of the switch
H01H0027080000	wherein the key cannot be removed until the switch is returned to its original position
H01H0027100000	Switch operated by setting members according to a single predetermined combination out of several possible settings
H01H0029000000	Switches having at least one liquid contact (solid contacts wetted or soaked with mercury H01H0001080000)
H01H0029020000	Details
H01H0029040000	Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
H01H0029060000	Liquid contacts characterised by the material thereof
H01H0029080000	Means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0029100000	by constricting the flow of the contact liquid
H01H0029120000	Operating mechanisms adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
H01H0029140000	Operating mechanisms adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
H01H0029160000	operated by dipping solid contact into stationary contact liquid
H01H0029180000	with level of surface of contact liquid displaced by non-electrical contact-making plunger
H01H0029200000	operated by tilting contact-liquid container
H01H0029220000	wherein contact is made and broken between liquid and solid
H01H0029240000	wherein contact is made and broken between liquid and liquid
H01H0029260000	with level of surface of contact liquid displaced by centrifugal action
H01H0029280000	with level of surface of contact liquid displaced by fluid pressure
H01H0029300000	with level of surface of contact liquid displaced by expansion or evaporation thereof
H01H0029320000	with contact made by a liquid jet, e.g. earthing switch with contact made by jet of water
H01H0031000000	Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means (in combination with high tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means H01H0033000000)
H01H0031020000	Details
H01H0031040000	Interlocking mechanisms
H01H0031060000	for interlocking between casing, cover, or protective shutter and mechanism for operating contacts
H01H0031080000	for interlocking two or more parts of the mechanism for operating contacts
H01H0031100000	for interlocking two or more switches
H01H0031120000	Adaptation for built-in fuse
H01H0031140000	with bridging contact that is not electrically connected to either line contact in open position of switch
H01H0031160000	with angularly-movable bridging contact or contact-carrying member
H01H0031180000	actuated through the movement of one or more insulators
H01H0031200000	at least one insulator being rotatable about its own geometrical axis
H01H0031220000	wherein the contact or contacts are rectilinearly movable with respect to the carrying member
H01H0031240000	with rectilinearly-movable bridging contact
H01H0031260000	with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch
H01H0031280000	with angularly-movable contact
H01H0031300000	actuated-through the movement of one or more insulators
H01H0031320000	with rectilinearly-movable contact
H01H0031340000	with movable contact adapted to engage an overhead transmission line, e.g. for branching
H01H0031360000	Contact moved by pantograph
H01H0033000000	High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
H01H0033020000	Details
H01H0033040000	Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
H01H0033060000	Insulating body insertable between contacts
H01H0033080000	Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
H01H0033100000	Metal parts
H01H0033120000	Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts (using arcing horns H01H0033200000)
H01H0033140000	Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
H01H0033160000	Impedances connected with contacts
H01H0033180000	using blow-out magnet
H01H0033200000	using arcing horns (using blow-out magnet H01H0033180000)
H01H0033220000	Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
H01H0033240000	Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
H01H0033260000	Means for detecting the presence of an arc or other discharge
H01H0033280000	Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
H01H0033300000	using fluid actuator
H01H0033320000	pneumatic
H01H0033340000	hydraulic
H01H0033360000	using dynamo-electric motor
H01H0033380000	using electromagnet
H01H0033400000	using spring motor
H01H0033420000	Driving mechanisms
H01H0033440000	Devices for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle (circuit arrangements H01H0033590000)
H01H0033460000	Interlocking mechanisms
H01H0033480000	for interlocking between casing or cover and mechanism for operating contacts
H01H0033500000	for interlocking two or more parts of the mechanism for operating contacts
H01H0033520000	for interlocking two or more switches
H01H0033530000	Cases (for switchgear H02B0001260000); Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
H01H0033550000	Oil reservoirs or tanks; Lowering means therefor (associated with withdrawal mechanism for isolation of switch H02B0011080000)
H01H0033560000	Gas reservoirs
H01H0033570000	Recuperation of liquid or gas
H01H0033575000	Pressure relief devices for normal or emergency use
H01H0033580000	Silencers for suppressing noise of switch operation
H01H0033590000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
H01H0033600000	Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
H01H0033640000	wherein the break is in gas (vacuum switches H01H0033660000)
H01H0033650000	wherein the break is in air at atmospheric pressure, e.g. in open air
H01H0033660000	Vacuum switches
H01H0033662000	Housings or protective screens
H01H0033664000	Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
H01H0033666000	Operating arrangements
H01H0033668000	Means for obtaining or monitoring the vacuum
H01H0033680000	Liquid-break switches, e.g. oil-break
H01H0033700000	Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
H01H0033720000	having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
H01H0033730000	wherein the break is in air at atmospheric pressure, e.g. in open air
H01H0033740000	wherein the break is in gas (in air at atmospheric pressure H01H0033730000)
H01H0033750000	Liquid-break switches, e.g. oil-break
H01H0033760000	wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
H01H0033770000	wherein the break is in air at atmospheric pressure
H01H0033780000	wherein the break is in gas (in air at atmospheric pressure H01H0033770000)
H01H0033800000	flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve
H01H0033820000	the fluid being air or gas
H01H0033825000	with closed circuit of air or gas (H01H0033835000 takes precedence)
H01H0033830000	wherein the contacts are opened by the flow of air or gas
H01H0033835000	with closed circuit of air or gas
H01H0033840000	the fluid being liquid, e.g. oil
H01H0033850000	wherein the contacts are opened by the flow of liquid
H01H0033860000	the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid under pressure from the contact space being controlled by a valve
H01H0033867000	the fluid being air or gas
H01H0033873000	with closed circuit of air or gas
H01H0033880000	the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
H01H0033900000	this movement being effected by, or in conjunction with, the contact-operating mechanism
H01H0033910000	the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
H01H0033915000	with closed circuit of air or gas
H01H0033920000	the arc-extinguishing fluid being liquid, e.g. oil
H01H0033940000	this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc
H01H0033950000	the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
H01H0033960000	the arc-extinguishing fluid being liquid, e.g. oil
H01H0033980000	the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
H01H0033985000	the fluid being air or gas
H01H0033990000	the fluid being liquid
H01H0035000000	Switches operated by change of a physical condition (operated by change of magnetic or electric field H01H0036000000;thermally-actuated switches H01H0037000000)
H01H0035020000	Switches operated by change of position, inclination, or orientation of the switch itself in relation to gravitational field (tilting mercury container H01H0029200000;change of position due to change of liquid level H01H0035180000)
H01H0035060000	Switches operated by change of speed (operated by change of fluid flow H01H0035240000)
H01H0035100000	Centrifugal switches (level of mercury displaced by centrifugal action H01H0029260000)
H01H0035120000	operated by reversal of direction of movement
H01H0035140000	Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
H01H0035180000	Switches operated by change of liquid level or of liquid density, e.g. float switch (by magnet carried on a float H01H0036020000)
H01H0035240000	Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow (wherein the change of pressure is caused by change of temperature H01H0037360000)
H01H0035260000	Details
H01H0035280000	Compensation for variation of ambient pressure or temperature
H01H0035300000	Means for transmitting pressure to pressure-responsive operating part, e.g. by capsule and capillary tube
H01H0035320000	actuated by bellows
H01H0035340000	actuated by diaphragm
H01H0035360000	actuated by curled flexible tube, e.g. Bourdon tube
H01H0035380000	actuated by piston and cylinder
H01H0035400000	actuated by devices allowing continual flow of fluid, e.g. vane
H01H0035420000	Switches operated by change of humidity
H01H0036000000	Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
H01H0036020000	actuated by movement of a float carrying a magnet
H01H0037000000	Thermally-actuated switches
H01H0037020000	Details
H01H0037040000	Bases; Housings; Mountings
H01H0037060000	to facilitate replacement, e.g. cartridge housing
H01H0037080000	Indicators; Distinguishing marks
H01H0037100000	Compensation for variation of ambient temperature or pressure
H01H0037120000	Means for adjustment of "on" or "off" operating temperature
H01H0037140000	by anticipatory electric heater
H01H0037160000	by varying the proportion of input heat received by the thermal element, e.g. by displacement of a shield
H01H0037180000	by varying bias on the thermal element due to a separate spring
H01H0037200000	by varying the position of the thermal element in relation to switch base or casing
H01H0037220000	by adjustment of a member transmitting motion from the thermal element to contacts or latch
H01H0037240000	by adjustment of position of the movable contact on its driving member
H01H0037260000	by adjustment of abutment for "off" position of the movable contact
H01H0037280000	by adjustment of the position of the fixed contact
H01H0037300000	by varying the position of the contact unit in relation to switch base or casing
H01H0037320000	Thermally-sensitive members
H01H0037340000	Means for transmitting heat thereto, e.g. capsule remote from contact member
H01H0037360000	actuated due to expansion or contraction of a fluid with or without vaporisation (the fluid forming a contact of the switch H01H0029040000, H01H0029300000)
H01H0037380000	with bellows
H01H0037400000	with diaphragm
H01H0037420000	with curled flexible tube, e.g. Bourdon tube
H01H0037440000	with piston and cylinder
H01H0037460000	actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid (deflection of a bimetallic element H01H0037520000)
H01H0037480000	with extensible rigid rods or tubes
H01H0037500000	with extensible wires under tension
H01H0037520000	actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
H01H0037540000	wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
H01H0037560000	having spirally wound or helically wound bimetallic element
H01H0037580000	actuated due to thermally controlled change of magnetic permeability
H01H0037600000	Means for producing snap action (inherent in bimetallic element H01H0037540000;caused by a magnet H01H0037660000)
H01H0037620000	Means other than thermal means for introducing a predetermined time delay
H01H0037640000	Contacts
H01H0037660000	Magnetic reinforcement of contact pressure; Magnet causing snap action
H01H0037680000	sealed in evacuated or gas-filled tube
H01H0037700000	Resetting means
H01H0037720000	Switches in which the opening movement and the closing movement of a contact are effected respectively by heating and cooling or vice versa
H01H0037740000	Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
H01H0037760000	Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
H01H0039000000	Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
H01H0041000000	Switches providing a selected number of consecutive operations of the contacts by a single manual actuation of the operating part
H01H0041040000	Switches without means for setting or mechanically storing a multidigit number
H01H0041060000	dial or slide operated
H01H0041080000	keyboard operated
H01H0041100000	Switches with means for setting or mechanically storing a multidigit number
H01H0041120000	dial or slide operated
H01H0041140000	keyboard operated
H01H0043000000	Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed
H01H0043020000	Details
H01H0043040000	Means for time setting
H01H0043060000	comprising separately adjustable parts for each programme step, e.g. with tappets
H01H0043080000	comprising an interchangeable programme part which is common for all programme steps, e.g. with a punched card
H01H0043100000	with timing of actuation of contacts due to a part rotating at substantially constant speed
H01H0043120000	stopping automatically after a single cycle of operation
H01H0043140000	wherein repetition of operation necessitates resetting of time intervals
H01H0043160000	stopping automatically after a predetermined plurality of cycles of operation
H01H0043240000	with timing of actuation of contacts due to a non-rotatably moving part
H01H0043260000	the actuation being produced by a substance flowing due to gravity, e.g. sand, water
H01H0043280000	the actuation being produced by a part, the speed of which is controlled by fluid-pressure means, e.g. by piston and cylinder
H01H0043300000	with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action
H01H0043320000	with timing of actuation of contacts due to electrolytic processes; with timing of actuation of contacts due to chemical processes
H01H0045000000	Relays
H01H0045000000	Details of relays (electric circuit arrangements H01H0047000000;of electromagnetic relays H01H0050000000;details of electrically-operated selector switches H01H0063000000)
H01H0045020000	Bases; Casings; Covers (frames for mounting two or more relays or for mounting a relay and another electric component H02B0001010000, H04Q0001080000, H05K)
H01H0045040000	Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
H01H0045060000	having windows; Transparent cases or covers
H01H0045080000	Indicators; Distinguishing marks
H01H0045100000	Electromagnetic or electrostatic shielding (casings H01H0045020000)
H01H0045120000	Ventilating; Cooling; Heating (for operating electrothermal relays H01H0061013000)
H01H0045140000	Terminal arrangements
H01H0047000000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
H01H0047020000	for modifying the operation of the relay
H01H0047040000	for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
H01H0047060000	by changing number of serially-connected turns or winding
H01H0047080000	by changing number of parallel-connected turns or windings
H01H0047100000	by switching-in or -out impedance external to the relay winding
H01H0047120000	for biasing the electromagnet
H01H0047140000	for differential operation of the relay
H01H0047160000	for conjoint, e.g. additive, operation of the relay
H01H0047180000	for introducing delay in the operation of the relay (short-circuited conducting sleeves, bands, or discs H01H0050460000)
H01H0047200000	for producing frequency-selective operation of the relay
H01H0047220000	for supplying energising current for relay coil
H01H0047240000	having light-sensitive input
H01H0047260000	having thermo-sensitive input
H01H0047280000	Energising current supplied by discharge tube
H01H0047300000	by gas-filled discharge tube
H01H0047320000	Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
H01H0047340000	Energising current supplied by magnetic amplifier
H01H0047360000	Relay coil or coils forming part of a bridge circuit
H01H0049000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of relays or parts thereof
H01H0050000000	Details of electromagnetic relays (electric circuit arrangements H01H0047000000;details of electrically-operated selector switches H01H0063000000)
H01H0050020000	Bases; Casings; Covers (frames for mounting two or more relays or for mounting a relay and another electric component H02B0001010000, H04Q0001080000, H05K)
H01H0050040000	Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
H01H0050060000	having windows; Transparent cases or covers
H01H0050080000	Indicators; Distinguishing marks
H01H0050100000	Electromagnetic or electrostatic shielding (casings H01H0050020000)
H01H0050120000	Ventilating; Cooling; Heating (for operating electrothermal relays H01H0061013000)
H01H0050140000	Terminal arrangements
H01H0050160000	Magnetic circuit arrangements
H01H0050180000	Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
H01H0050200000	movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil
H01H0050220000	wherein the magnetic circuit is substantially closed
H01H0050240000	Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
H01H0050260000	Parts movable about a knife edge
H01H0050280000	Parts movable due to bending of a blade spring or reed
H01H0050300000	Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature
H01H0050320000	Latching movable parts mechanically
H01H0050340000	Means for adjusting limits of movement; Mechanical means for adjusting returning force
H01H0050360000	Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
H01H0050380000	Part of main magnetic circuit shaped to suppress arcing between the contacts of the relay
H01H0050400000	Branched or multiple-limb main magnetic circuits
H01H0050420000	Auxiliary magnetic circuits, e.g. for maintaining armature in, or returning armature to, position of rest, for damping or accelerating movement
H01H0050440000	Magnetic coils or windings
H01H0050460000	Short-circuited conducting sleeves, bands, or discs
H01H0050540000	Contact arrangements
H01H0050560000	Contact spring sets
H01H0050580000	Driving arrangements structurally associated therewith; Mounting of driving arrangement on armature
H01H0050600000	moving contact being rigidly combined with movable part of magnetic circuit
H01H0050620000	Co-operating movable contacts operated by separate electrical actuating means
H01H0050640000	Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact (structurally associated with contact spring sets H01H0050580000)
H01H0050660000	with lost motion
H01H0050680000	with snap action
H01H0050700000	operating contact momentarily during stroke of armature
H01H0050720000	for mercury contact
H01H0050740000	Mechanical means for producing a desired natural frequency of operation of the contacts, e.g. for self-interrupter
H01H0050760000	using reed or blade spring
H01H0050780000	using diaphragm; using stretched wire or ribbon vibrating sideways
H01H0050800000	using torsionally vibrating member, e.g. wire, strip
H01H0050820000	using spring-loaded pivoted inertia member
H01H0050840000	with means for adjustment of frequency or of make-to-break ratio
H01H0050860000	Means for introducing a predetermined time delay between the initiation of the switching operation and the opening or closing of the contacts (circuit arrangements for introducing delay H01H0047180000;short-circuited conducting sleeves, bands, or discs H01H0050460000)
H01H0050880000	Mechanical means, e.g. dash-pot
H01H0050900000	the delay being effective in both directions of operation
H01H0050920000	Thermal means (inherent in electrothermal relays H01H0061000000)
H01H0051000000	Electromagnetic relays (relays using the dynamo-electric effect H01H0053000000)
H01H0051010000	Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
H01H0051020000	Non-polarised relays (H01H0051010000 takes precedence)
H01H0051040000	with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
H01H0051060000	Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
H01H0051080000	Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet
H01H0051100000	Contacts retained open or closed by a mechanical latch which is controlled by an electromagnet
H01H0051120000	Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in both directions due to the energisation of one or the other of two electromagnets without the storage of energy to effect the return movement
H01H0051140000	without intermediate neutral position of rest
H01H0051160000	with intermediate neutral position of rest
H01H0051180000	Armature is rotatable through an unlimited number of revolutions
H01H0051200000	with two or more independent armatures
H01H0051220000	Polarised relays
H01H0051240000	without intermediate neutral position of rest
H01H0051260000	with intermediate neutral position of rest
H01H0051270000	Relays with armature having two stable magnetic states and operated by change from one state to the other
H01H0051280000	Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed (H01H0051270000 takes precedence)
H01H0051290000	Relays having armature, contacts, and operating coil within a sealed casing (H01H0051270000 takes precedence)
H01H0051300000	specially adapted for actuation by ac
H01H0051320000	Frequency relays; Mechanically-tuned relays
H01H0051340000	Self-interrupters, i.e. with periodic or other repetitive opening and closing of contacts
H01H0051360000	wherein the make-to-break ratio is varied by hand setting or current strength
H01H0053000000	Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
H01H0053010000	Details
H01H0053015000	Moving coils; Contact-driving arrangements associated therewith
H01H0053020000	Electrodynamic relays, i.e. relays in which the interaction is between two current-carrying conductors
H01H0053040000	Ferrodynamic relays, i.e. relays in which the magnetic field is concentrated in ferromagnetic parts
H01H0053060000	Magnetodynamic relays, i.e. relays in which the magnetic field is produced by a permanent magnet
H01H0053080000	wherein a mercury contact constitutes the current-carrying conductor
H01H0053100000	Induction relays, i.e. relays in which the interaction is between a magnetic field and current induced thereby in a conductor
H01H0053120000	Ferraris relays
H01H0053140000	Contacts actuated by an electric motor through fluid-pressure transmission, e.g. using a motor-driven pump
H01H0055000000	Magnetostrictive relays
H01H0057000000	Electrostrictive relays; Piezo-electric relays
H01H0059000000	Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
H01H0061000000	Electrothermal relays (thermal switches not operated by electrical input, thermal switches with anticipating electrical input H01H0037000000;thermally-sensitive members H01H0037320000)
H01H0061010000	Details
H01H0061013000	Heating arrangements for operating relays
H01H0061017000	Heating by glow discharge or arc in confined space
H01H0061020000	wherein the thermally-sensitive member is heated indirectly, e.g. resistively, inductively
H01H0061040000	wherein the thermally-sensitive member is only heated directly
H01H0061060000	Self-interrupters, i.e. with periodic or other repetitive opening and closing of contacts
H01H0061080000	wherein the make-to-break ratio is varied by hand setting or current strength
H01H0063000000	Selectors
H01H0063000000	Details of electrically-operated selector switches
H01H0063020000	Contacts; Wipers; Connections thereto
H01H0063040000	Contact-making or contact-breaking wipers; Position indicators therefor
H01H0063060000	Contact banks
H01H0063080000	cylindrical
H01H0063100000	plane
H01H0063120000	Multiplying connections to contact banks, e.g. using ribbon cables
H01H0063140000	without soldering
H01H0063160000	Driving arrangements for multi-position wipers
H01H0063180000	with step-by-step motion of wiper to a selector position
H01H0063200000	using stepping magnet and ratchet
H01H0063220000	using step-by-step electromagnetic drive without ratchet, e.g. self-interrupting driving magnet
H01H0063240000	with continuous motion of wiper until a selected position is reached
H01H0063260000	with an individual clutch-drive from a shaft common to more than one selector switch
H01H0063280000	with an individual motor for each selector switch
H01H0063300000	Pneumatic motor for moving wiper to selected position
H01H0063320000	Spring motor for moving wiper to selected position
H01H0063330000	Constructional details of co-ordinate-type selector switches not having relays at cross-points
H01H0063340000	Bases; Cases; Covers; Mountings (racks for mounting selectors with or without other exchange equipment H04Q0001040000); Mounting of fuses on selector switch
H01H0063360000	Circuit arrangements for ensuring correct or desired operation and not adapted to a particular application of the selector switch
H01H0063380000	for multi-position wiper switches
H01H0063400000	for multi-position switches without wipers
H01H0063420000	for co-ordinate-type selector switches not having relays at cross-points
H01H0065000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of selector switches or parts thereof
H01H0067000000	Electrically-operated selector switches
H01H0067020000	Multi-position wiper switches
H01H0067040000	having wipers movable only in one direction for purpose of selection
H01H0067060000	Rotary switches, i.e. having angularly movable wipers
H01H0067080000	with wiper selection
H01H0067100000	with coarse and fine positioning of wipers
H01H0067120000	Linear-motion switches
H01H0067140000	having wipers movable in two mutually perpendicular directions for purpose of selection
H01H0067160000	one motion being rotary and the other being parallel to the axis of rotation, e.g. Strowger or "up and around" switches
H01H0067180000	one motion being rotary and the other being perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. "round and in" switches
H01H0067200000	both motions being linear
H01H0067220000	Switches without multi-position wipers
H01H0067240000	Co-ordinate-type relay switches having an individual electromagnet at each cross-point
H01H0067260000	Co-ordinate-type selector switches not having relays at cross-points but involving mechanical movement, e.g. cross-bar switch, code-bar switch
H01H0067300000	Co-ordinate-type selector switches with field of co-ordinate coil acting directly upon magnetic leaf spring or reed-type contact member
H01H0067320000	having a multiplicity of interdependent armatures operated in succession by a single coil and each controlling one contact or set of contacts, e.g. counting relay
H01H0069000000	Emergency protective devices
H01H0069000000	Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices
H01H0069010000	for calibrating or setting of devices to function under predetermined conditions
H01H0069020000	Manufacture of fuses
H01H0071000000	Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H0073000000-H01H0083000000
H01H0071020000	Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
H01H0071040000	Means for indicating condition of the switching device
H01H0071060000	Distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding
H01H0071080000	Terminals; Connections
H01H0071100000	Operating or release mechanisms
H01H0071120000	Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
H01H0071140000	Electrothermal mechanisms
H01H0071160000	with bimetal element
H01H0071180000	with expanding rod, strip, or wire
H01H0071200000	with fusible mass
H01H0071220000	with compensation for variation of ambient temperature
H01H0071240000	Electromagnetic mechanisms
H01H0071260000	with windings acting in opposition
H01H0071280000	with windings acting in conjunction
H01H0071300000	having additional short-circuited winding
H01H0071320000	having permanently magnetised part
H01H0071340000	having two or more armatures controlled by a common winding
H01H0071360000	frequency selective
H01H0071380000	wherein the magnet coil also acts as arc blow-out device
H01H0071400000	Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
H01H0071420000	Induction-motor, induced-current, or electrodynamic release mechanisms
H01H0071430000	Electrodynamic release mechanisms
H01H0071440000	having means for introducing a predetermined time delay (by short-circuited winding H01H0071300000;by additional armature H01H0071340000)
H01H0071460000	having means for operating auxiliary contacts additional to the main contacts
H01H0071480000	with provision for short-circuiting the electrical input to the release mechanism after release of the switch, e.g. for protection of heating wire
H01H0071500000	Manual reset mechanisms
H01H0071520000	actuated by lever
H01H0071540000	actuated by tumbler
H01H0071560000	actuated by rotatable knob or wheel
H01H0071580000	actuated by push-button, pull-knob, or slide
H01H0071600000	actuated by closure of switch casing
H01H0071620000	with means for preventing resetting while abnormal condition persists, e.g. loose handle arrangement
H01H0071640000	incorporating toggle linkage
H01H0071660000	Power reset mechanisms
H01H0071680000	actuated by electromagnet
H01H0071700000	actuated by electric motor
H01H0071720000	actuated automatically a limited number of times
H01H0071740000	Means for adjusting the conditions under which the device will function to provide protection
H01H0073000000	Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
H01H0073020000	Details
H01H0073040000	Contacts
H01H0073060000	Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
H01H0073080000	Plug-in housings
H01H0073100000	Cartridge housings, e.g. screw-in housing
H01H0073120000	Means for indicating condition of the switch
H01H0073140000	Indicating lamp structurally associated with the switch
H01H0073160000	Distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding
H01H0073180000	Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
H01H0073200000	Terminals; Connections
H01H0073220000	having electrothermal release and no other automatic release (cartridge type H01H0073620000)
H01H0073240000	reset by lever
H01H0073260000	reset by tumbler
H01H0073280000	reset by rotatable knob or wheel
H01H0073300000	reset by push-button, pull-knob, or slide
H01H0073320000	reset by closure of switch casing
H01H0073340000	reset action requiring replacement or reconditioning of a fusible or explosive part
H01H0073360000	having electromagnetic release and no other automatic release (cartridge type H01H0073640000)
H01H0073380000	reset by lever
H01H0073400000	reset by tumbler
H01H0073420000	reset by rotatable knob or wheel
H01H0073440000	reset by push-button, pull-knob, or slide
H01H0073460000	reset by closure of switch casing
H01H0073480000	having both electrothermal and electromagnetic automatic release (cartridge type H01H0073660000)
H01H0073500000	reset by lever
H01H0073520000	reset by tumbler
H01H0073540000	reset by rotatable knob or wheel
H01H0073560000	reset by push-button, pull-knob, or slide
H01H0073580000	reset by closure of switch casing
H01H0073600000	cartridge type, e.g. screw-in cartridge
H01H0073620000	having only electrothermal release
H01H0073640000	having only electromagnetic release
H01H0073660000	having combined electrothermal and electromagnetic release
H01H0075000000	Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of power reset mechanism
H01H0075020000	Details
H01H0075040000	Reset mechanisms for automatically reclosing a limited number of times (circuit arrangements H02H0003060000)
H01H0075060000	effecting one reclosing action only
H01H0075080000	having only electrothermal release
H01H0075100000	having only electromagnetic release
H01H0075120000	having combined electrothermal and electromagnetic release
H01H0077000000	Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting (H01H0073000000, H01H0075000000 take precedence)
H01H0077020000	in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
H01H0077040000	with electrothermal opening
H01H0077060000	with electromagnetic opening
H01H0077080000	retained closed by permanent or remanent magnetism and opened by windings acting in opposition
H01H0077100000	with electrodynamic opening
H01H0079000000	Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
H01H0081000000	Protective switches in which contacts are normally closed but are repeatedly opened and reclosed as long as a condition causing excess current persists, e.g. for current limiting
H01H0081020000	electrothermally-operated
H01H0081040000	electromagnetically-operated
H01H0083000000	Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
H01H0083020000	operated by earth fault currents (H01H0083140000 takes precedence)
H01H0083040000	with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly
H01H0083060000	operated by current falling below a predetermined value
H01H0083080000	operated by reversal of dc
H01H0083100000	operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
H01H0083120000	operated by voltage falling below a predetermined value, e.g. for no-volt protection
H01H0083140000	operated by unbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
H01H0083160000	operated by abnormal ratio of voltage and current, e.g. distance relay
H01H0083180000	operated by abnormal product of, or abnormal phase angle between, voltage and current, e.g. directional relay
H01H0083200000	operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
H01H0083220000	the other condition being unbalance of two or more currents or voltages
H01H0085000000	Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive (switches actuated by melting of fusible material H01H0037760000;disposition or arrangement of fuses on boards H02B0001180000)
H01H0085020000	Details
H01H0085040000	Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
H01H0085041000	characterised by the type
H01H0085042000	General constructions or structure of high voltage fuses, i.e. above 1,000 V
H01H0085044000	General constructions or structure of low voltage fuses, i.e. below 1,000 V, or of fuses where the applicable voltage is not specified (H01H0085046000-H01H0085048000 take precedence)
H01H0085044500	fast or slow type (H01H0085045000-H01H0085048000 take precedence)
H01H0085045000	cartridge type
H01H0085046000	Fuses formed as printed circuits
H01H0085047000	Vacuum fuses
H01H0085048000	Fuse resistors
H01H0085050000	Component parts thereof
H01H0085055000	Fusible members
H01H0085060000	characterised by the fusible material (H01H0085110000 takes precedence)
H01H0085080000	characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
H01H0085100000	with constriction for localised fusing (H01H0085110000 takes precedence)
H01H0085110000	with applied local area of a metal which, on melting, forms a eutectic with the main material of the fusible member, i.e. M-effect devices
H01H0085120000	Two or more separate fusible members in parallel
H01H0085143000	Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
H01H0085147000	Parallel-side contacts
H01H0085150000	Screw-in contacts
H01H0085153000	Knife-blade-end contacts
H01H0085157000	Ferrule-end contacts
H01H0085165000	Casings
H01H0085170000	characterised by the casing material
H01H0085175000	characterised by the casing shape or form
H01H0085180000	Casing fillings, e.g. powder
H01H0085200000	Bases for supporting the fuse; Separate parts thereof
H01H0085220000	Intermediate or auxiliary parts for carrying, holding, or retaining fuse, co-operating with base or fixed holder, and removable therefrom for renewing the fuse
H01H0085240000	Means for preventing insertion of incorrect fuse
H01H0085250000	Safety arrangements preventing or inhibiting contact with live parts, including operation of isolation on removal of cover
H01H0085260000	Magazine arrangements
H01H0085280000	effecting automatic replacement
H01H0085300000	Means for indicating condition of fuse structurally associated with the fuse
H01H0085320000	Indicating lamp structurally associated with the protective device
H01H0085340000	Distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding
H01H0085360000	Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
H01H0085380000	Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc (by powder filling H01H0085180000;by mechanical tension applied to fusible member H01H0085360000)
H01H0085400000	using an arc-extinguishing liquid (characterised by the composition of the liquid H01H0033220000)
H01H0085420000	using an arc-extinguishing gas (characterised by the composition of the gas H01H0033220000)
H01H0085430000	Means for exhausting or absorbing gases liberated by fusing arc, or for ventilating excess pressure generated by heating
H01H0085440000	Structural association with spark-gap arrester
H01H0085460000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
H01H0085470000	Means for cooling
H01H0085480000	Protective devices wherein the fuse is carried or held directly by the base
H01H0085500000	the fuse having contacts at opposite ends for co-operation with the base
H01H0085520000	the fuse being adapted for screwing into the base
H01H0085540000	Protective devices wherein the fuse is carried, held, or retained by an intermediate or auxiliary part removable from the base, or used as sectionalisers
H01H0085560000	the intermediate or auxiliary part having side contacts for plugging into the base, e.g. bridge-carrier type
H01H0085580000	with intermediate auxiliary part and base shaped to interfit and thereby enclose the fuse
H01H0085600000	the intermediate or auxiliary part having contacts at opposite ends for co-operation with the base
H01H0085620000	the intermediate or auxiliary part being adapted for screwing into the base
H01H0087000000	Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling
H01H0089000000	Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
H01H0089020000	Combination of a key operated switch with a manually operated switch, e.g. ignition and lighting switches
H01H0089040000	Combination of a thermally actuated switch with a manually operated switch
H01H0089060000	Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
H01H0089080000	with both devices using the same contact pair
H01H0089100000	with each device controlling one of the two co-operating contacts
H01J	ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS (spark-gaps H01T;arc lamps with consumable electrodes H05B;particle accelerators H05H)
H01J0001000000	Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps (details of electron-optical arrangements or of ion traps H01J0003000000)
H01J0001020000	Main electrodes
H01J0001040000	Liquid electrodes, e.g. liquid cathode
H01J0001050000	characterised by material
H01J0001060000	Containers for liquid-pool electrodes; Arrangement or mounting thereof
H01J0001080000	Positioning or moving the cathode spot on the surface of a liquid-pool cathode
H01J0001100000	Cooling, heating, circulating, filtering, or controlling level of liquid in a liquid-pool electrode
H01J0001120000	Cathodes having mercury or liquid alkali metal deposited on the cathode surface during operation of the tube
H01J0001130000	Solid thermionic cathodes
H01J0001140000	characterised by the material
H01J0001142000	with alkaline-earth metal oxides, or such oxides used in conjunction with reducing agents, as an emissive material
H01J0001144000	with other metal oxides as an emissive material
H01J0001146000	with metals or alloys as an emissive material
H01J0001148000	with compounds having metallic conductive properties, e.g. lanthanum boride, as an emissive material
H01J0001150000	Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
H01J0001160000	characterised by the shape
H01J0001180000	Supports; Vibration-damping arrangements
H01J0001200000	Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
H01J0001220000	Heaters
H01J0001240000	Insulating layer or body located between heater and emissive material
H01J0001260000	Supports for the emissive material
H01J0001280000	Dispenser-type cathodes, e.g. L-cathode
H01J0001300000	Cold cathodes
H01J0001304000	Field-emissive cathodes
H01J0001308000	Semiconductor cathodes, e.g. cathodes with PN junction layers
H01J0001312000	having an electric field perpendicular to the surface, e.g. tunnel-effect cathodes of Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) type
H01J0001316000	having an electric field parallel to the surface, e.g. thin film cathodes
H01J0001320000	Secondary-electron emitting electrodes (H01J0001350000 takes precedence)
H01J0001340000	Photo-emissive cathodes (H01J0001350000 takes precedence)
H01J0001350000	Electrodes exhibiting both secondary emission and photo-emission
H01J0001360000	Solid anodes; Solid auxiliary anodes for maintaining a discharge
H01J0001380000	characterised by the material
H01J0001400000	forming part of the envelope of the tube or lamp
H01J0001420000	Cooling of anodes (H01J0001440000 takes precedence); Heating of anodes
H01J0001440000	Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
H01J0001460000	Control electrodes, e.g. grid (for igniting arrangements H01J0007300000); Auxiliary electrodes (auxiliary anodes for maintaining a discharge H01J0001360000)
H01J0001480000	characterised by the material
H01J0001500000	Magnetic means for controlling the discharge
H01J0001520000	Screens for shielding; Guides for influencing the discharge; Masks interposed in the electron stream
H01J0001530000	Electrodes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored
H01J0001540000	Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored; Luminescent coatings on vessels
H01J0001560000	acting as light valves by shutter operation, e.g. for eidophor
H01J0001580000	acting by discolouration, e.g. halide screen
H01J0001600000	Incandescent screens
H01J0001620000	Luminescent screens; Selection of materials for luminescent coatings on vessels
H01J0001630000	characterised by the luminescent material
H01J0001640000	characterised by the binder or adhesive for securing the luminescent material to its support
H01J0001660000	Supports for luminescent material
H01J0001680000	with superimposed luminescent layers
H01J0001700000	with protective, conductive, or reflective layers
H01J0001720000	with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines
H01J0001740000	with adjacent dots or lines of different luminescent material
H01J0001760000	provided with permanent marks or references
H01J0001780000	Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
H01J0001880000	Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating of electrodes or of electrode assemblies
H01J0001900000	Insulation between electrodes or supports within the vacuum space
H01J0001920000	Mountings for the electrode assembly as a whole
H01J0001940000	Mountings for individual electrodes
H01J0001960000	Spacing members extending to the envelope
H01J0001980000	without fixed connection between spacing member and envelope
H01J0003000000	Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
H01J0003020000	Electron guns
H01J0003040000	Ion guns
H01J0003060000	two or more guns being arranged in a single vacuum space, e.g. for plural-ray tubes (H01J0003070000 takes precedence)
H01J0003070000	Arrangements for controlling convergence of a plurality of beams
H01J0003080000	Arrangements for controlling intensity of ray or beam (H01J0003020000, H01J0003040000 take precedence)
H01J0003100000	Arrangements for centering ray or beam (H01J0003020000, H01J0003040000 take precedence)
H01J0003120000	Arrangements for controlling cross-section of ray or beam; Arrangements for correcting aberration of beam, e.g. due to lenses (H01J0003020000, H01J0003040000 take precedence)
H01J0003140000	Arrangements for focusing or reflecting ray or beam (H01J0003020000, H01J0003040000 take precedence)
H01J0003160000	Mirrors
H01J0003180000	Electrostatic lenses
H01J0003200000	Magnetic lenses
H01J0003220000	using electromagnetic means only
H01J0003240000	using permanent magnets only
H01J0003260000	Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
H01J0003280000	along one straight line or along two perpendicular straight lines
H01J0003300000	by electric fields only
H01J0003320000	by magnetic fields only
H01J0003340000	along a circle, spiral, or rotating radial line
H01J0003360000	Arrangements for controlling the ray or beam after passing the main deflection system, e.g. for post-acceleration or post-concentration
H01J0003380000	Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements
H01J0003400000	Traps for removing or diverting unwanted particles, e.g. negative ions, fringing electrons; Arrangements for velocity or mass selection
H01J0005000000	Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
H01J0005020000	Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
H01J0005030000	Arrangements for preventing or mitigating effects of implosion of vessels or containers
H01J0005040000	Vessels or containers characterised by the material thereof
H01J0005060000	Vessels or containers specially adapted for operation at high tension, e.g. by improved potential distribution over surface of vessel
H01J0005080000	provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings (luminescent coatings H01J0001620000)
H01J0005100000	on internal surfaces
H01J0005120000	Double-wall vessels or containers
H01J0005140000	Dismountable vessels or containers, e.g. for replacing cathode heater
H01J0005160000	Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined with the vessel
H01J0005180000	Windows permeable to X-rays, gamma-rays, or particles
H01J0005200000	Seals between parts of vessels
H01J0005220000	Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel
H01J0005240000	between insulating parts of vessel
H01J0005260000	between insulating and conductive parts of vessel
H01J0005280000	between conductive parts of vessel
H01J0005300000	using packing material, e.g. sealing liquid or elastic insert
H01J0005320000	Seals for leading-in conductors
H01J0005340000	for an individual conductor (pinched-stem seals H01J0005380000;end-disc seals H01J0005400000;annular seals H01J0005440000)
H01J0005360000	using intermediate part
H01J0005380000	Pinched-stem or analogous seals
H01J0005400000	End-disc seals, e.g. flat header
H01J0005420000	using intermediate part
H01J0005440000	Annular seals disposed between the ends of the vessel
H01J0005460000	Leading-in conductors
H01J0005480000	Means forming part of the tube or lamp for the purpose of supporting it
H01J0005500000	Means forming part of the tube or lamp for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it
H01J0005520000	directly applied to, or forming part of, the vessel
H01J0005540000	supported by a separate part, e.g. base
H01J0005560000	Shape of the separate part
H01J0005580000	Means for fastening the separate part to the vessel, e.g. by cement
H01J0005600000	for fastening by mechanical means
H01J0005620000	Connection of wires protruding from the vessel to connectors carried by the separate part
H01J0007000000	Details not provided for in groups H01J0001000000-H01J0005000000 and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
H01J0007020000	Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
H01J0007040000	having one or more carbon compounds as the principal constituent
H01J0007060000	having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principal constituent
H01J0007080000	having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
H01J0007100000	mercury vapour
H01J0007120000	vapour of an alkali metal
H01J0007140000	Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
H01J0007160000	Means for permitting pumping during operation of the tube or lamp
H01J0007180000	Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
H01J0007200000	Means for producing, introducing, or replenishing gas or vapour during operation of the tube or lamp
H01J0007220000	Tubulations therefor, e.g. for exhausting; Closures therefor
H01J0007240000	Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
H01J0007260000	by flow of fluid through passages associated with tube or lamp
H01J0007280000	by latent heat or evaporation of cooling liquid
H01J0007300000	Igniting arrangements
H01J0007320000	having resistive or capacitative igniter
H01J0007340000	having resistive igniter only
H01J0007360000	Igniting by movement of a solid electrode
H01J0007380000	Igniting by movement of vessel as a whole, e.g. tilting
H01J0007400000	Igniting by associated radioactive materials or fillings
H01J0007420000	Means structurally associated with the tube or lamp for indicating defects or previous use
H01J0007440000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube or lamp
H01J0007460000	Structurally associated resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance
H01J0009000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
H01J0009020000	Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
H01J0009040000	of thermionic cathodes
H01J0009060000	Machines therefor
H01J0009080000	Manufacture of heaters for indirectly-heated cathodes
H01J0009100000	Machines therefor
H01J0009120000	of photo-emissive cathodes; of secondary-emission electrodes
H01J0009140000	of non-emitting electrodes
H01J0009160000	Machines for making wire grids
H01J0009180000	Assembling together the component parts of electrode systems
H01J0009200000	Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
H01J0009220000	Applying luminescent coatings
H01J0009227000	with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines
H01J0009233000	Manufacture of photoelectric screens or charge-storage screens
H01J0009236000	Manufacture of magnetic deflecting devices for cathode-ray tubes
H01J0009240000	Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors, or bases
H01J0009260000	Sealing together parts of vessels
H01J0009280000	Manufacture of leading-in conductors
H01J0009300000	Manufacture of bases
H01J0009320000	Sealing leading-in conductors
H01J0009340000	Joining base to vessel
H01J0009360000	Joining connectors to internal electrode system
H01J0009380000	Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
H01J0009385000	Exhausting vessels
H01J0009390000	Degassing vessels
H01J0009395000	Filling vessels
H01J0009400000	Closing vessels
H01J0009420000	Measurement or testing during manufacture
H01J0009440000	Factory adjustment of completed discharge tubes or lamps to comply with desired tolerances
H01J0009460000	Machines having sequentially-arranged operating stations
H01J0009480000	with automatic transfer of workpieces between operating stations
H01J0009500000	Repairing or regenerating used or defective discharge tubes, lamps or their salvageable components
H01J0009520000	Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps (H01J0009500000 takes precedence)
H01J0011000000	Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. AC-PDPs [Alternating Current Plasma Display Panels] (circuits or methods for driving PDPs G09G0003280000); Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
H01J0011100000	AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with the plasma
H01J0011120000	with main electrodes provided on both sides of the discharge space
H01J0011140000	with main electrodes provided only on one side of the discharge space
H01J0011160000	with main electrodes provided inside or on the side face of the spacers
H01J0011180000	containing a plurality of independent closed structures for containing the gas, e.g. plasma tube array [PTA] display panels
H01J0011200000	Constructional details
H01J0011220000	Electrodes, e.g. special shape, material or configuration
H01J0011240000	Sustain electrodes or scan electrodes
H01J0011260000	Address electrodes
H01J0011280000	Auxiliary electrodes, e.g. priming electrodes or trigger electrodes
H01J0011300000	Floating electrodes
H01J0011320000	Disposition of the electrodes
H01J0011340000	Vessels, containers or parts thereof, e.g. substrates
H01J0011360000	Spacers, barriers, ribs, partitions or the like
H01J0011380000	Dielectric or insulating layers
H01J0011400000	Layers for protecting or enhancing the electron emission, e.g. MgO layers
H01J0011420000	Fluorescent layers
H01J0011440000	Optical arrangements or shielding arrangements, e.g. filters, black matrices, light reflecting means or electromagnetic shielding means
H01J0011460000	Connecting or feeding means, e.g. leading-in conductors
H01J0011480000	Sealing, e.g. seals specially adapted for leading-in conductors
H01J0011500000	Filling, e.g. selection of gas mixture
H01J0011520000	Means for absorbing or adsorbing the gas mixture, e.g. by gettering
H01J0011540000	Means for exhausting the gas
H01J0013000000	Discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes, e.g. metal-vapour rectifying tubes
H01J0013020000	Details
H01J0013040000	Main electrodes; Auxiliary anodes
H01J0013060000	Cathodes
H01J0013080000	characterised by the material
H01J0013100000	Containers for the liquid pool; Arrangement or mounting thereof
H01J0013120000	Positioning or moving the cathode spot on the surface of the pool
H01J0013140000	Cooling, heating, circulating, filtering, or controlling level of the liquid
H01J0013160000	Anodes; Auxiliary anodes for maintaining the discharge
H01J0013180000	Cooling or heating of anodes
H01J0013200000	Control electrodes, e.g. grid (for igniting arrangements H01J0013340000)
H01J0013220000	Screens, e.g. for preventing or eliminating arcing-back
H01J0013240000	Vessels; Containers
H01J0013260000	Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
H01J0013280000	Selection of substances for gas filling; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube
H01J0013300000	Means for permitting pumping during operation of the tube
H01J0013320000	Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements (for cathodes H01J0013140000;for anodes H01J0013180000)
H01J0013340000	Igniting arrangements
H01J0013360000	having resistive or capacitative igniter
H01J0013380000	having resistive igniter only
H01J0013400000	Igniting by movement of a solid electrode
H01J0013420000	Igniting by movement of vessel as a whole, e.g. tilting
H01J0013440000	Devices for preventing or eliminating arcing-back
H01J0013460000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
H01J0013480000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0013500000	Tubes having a single main anode
H01J0013520000	with control by one or more intermediate control electrodes
H01J0013540000	with control by igniter, e.g. single-anode ignitron
H01J0013560000	Tubes having two or more main anodes
H01J0013580000	with control by one or more intermediate control electrodes
H01J0015000000	Gas-filled discharge tubes with gaseous cathodes, e.g. plasma cathodes
H01J0015020000	Details, e.g. electrode, gas filling, shape of vessel
H01J0015040000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0017000000	Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathodes (H01J0025000000, H01J0027000000, H01J0031000000-H01J0041000000 take precedence;gas filled spark gaps H01T;Marx converters H02M0007260000)
H01J0017020000	Details
H01J0017040000	Electrodes; Screens
H01J0017060000	Cathodes
H01J0017080000	having mercury or liquid alkali metal deposited on the cathode surface during operation of the tube
H01J0017100000	Anodes
H01J0017120000	Control electrodes
H01J0017140000	Magnetic means for controlling the discharge
H01J0017160000	Vessels; Containers
H01J0017180000	Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
H01J0017200000	Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressures or temperatures
H01J0017220000	Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube
H01J0017240000	Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
H01J0017260000	Means for producing, introducing, or replenishing gas or vapour during operation of the tube
H01J0017280000	Cooling arrangements
H01J0017300000	Igniting arrangements
H01J0017320000	Igniting by associated radioactive materials or fillings
H01J0017340000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
H01J0017360000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0017380000	Cold-cathode tubes
H01J0017400000	with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes or voltage-indicator tubes
H01J0017420000	having one or more probe electrodes, e.g. for potential dividing
H01J0017440000	having one or more control electrodes
H01J0017460000	for preventing and then permitting ignition, but thereafter having no control
H01J0017480000	with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
H01J0017490000	Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes
H01J0017500000	Thermionic-cathode tubes
H01J0017520000	with one cathode and one anode
H01J0017540000	having one or more control electrodes
H01J0017560000	for preventing and then permitting ignition, but thereafter having no control
H01J0017580000	with more than one cathode or anode
H01J0017600000	the discharge paths priming each other in a predetermined sequence, e.g. counting tube
H01J0017620000	with independent discharge paths controlled by intermediate electrodes, e.g. polyphase rectifier
H01J0017640000	Tubes specially designed for switching or modulating in a waveguide, e.g. TR box
H01J0019000000	Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J0021000000
H01J0019020000	Electron-emitting electrodes; Cathodes
H01J0019040000	Thermionic cathodes
H01J0019060000	characterised by the material
H01J0019062000	with alkaline-earth metal oxides, or such oxides used in conjunction with reducing agents, as an emissive material
H01J0019064000	with other metal oxides as an emissive material
H01J0019066000	with metals or alloys as an emissive material
H01J0019068000	with compounds having metallic conductive properties, e.g. lanthanum boride, as an emissive material
H01J0019080000	Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
H01J0019100000	characterised by the shape
H01J0019120000	Supports; Vibration-damping arrangements
H01J0019140000	Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
H01J0019160000	Heaters
H01J0019180000	Insulating layer or body located between heater and emissive material
H01J0019200000	Supports for the emissive material
H01J0019220000	Dispenser-type cathodes, e.g. L-cathode
H01J0019240000	Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
H01J0019280000	Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
H01J0019300000	characterised by the material
H01J0019320000	Anodes
H01J0019340000	forming part of the envelope
H01J0019360000	Cooling of anodes
H01J0019380000	Control electrodes, e.g. grid
H01J0019400000	Screens for shielding
H01J0019420000	Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating of electrodes or of electrode assemblies
H01J0019440000	Insulation between electrodes or supports within the vacuum space
H01J0019460000	Mountings for the electrode assembly as a whole
H01J0019480000	Mountings for individual electrodes
H01J0019500000	Spacing members extending to the envelope
H01J0019520000	without fixed connection between spacing member and envelope
H01J0019540000	Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
H01J0019560000	characterised by the material of the vessel or container
H01J0019570000	provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
H01J0019580000	Seals between parts of vessels
H01J0019600000	Seals for leading-in conductors
H01J0019620000	Leading-in conductors
H01J0019640000	Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of supporting it
H01J0019660000	Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it
H01J0019680000	Specified gas introduced into the tube at low pressure, e.g. for reducing or influencing space charge
H01J0019700000	Means for obtaining or maintaining the vacuum, e.g. by gettering
H01J0019720000	Tubulations therefor, e.g. for exhausting; Closures therefor
H01J0019740000	Cooling arrangements (cooling of anodes H01J0019360000)
H01J0019760000	Means structurally associated with the tube for indicating defects or previous use
H01J0019780000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
H01J0019800000	Structurally associated resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance
H01J0019820000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0021000000	Vacuum tubes (H01J0025000000, H01J0031000000-H01J0040000000, H01J0043000000, H01J0047000000, H01J0049000000 take precedence;details of vacuum tubes H01J0019000000)
H01J0021020000	Tubes with a single discharge path
H01J0021040000	without control means, i.e. diodes
H01J0021060000	having electrostatic control means only
H01J0021080000	with movable electrode or electrodes
H01J0021100000	with one or more immovable internal control electrodes, e.g. triode, pentode, octode
H01J0021120000	Tubes with variable amplification factor
H01J0021140000	Tubes with means for concentrating the electron stream, e.g. beam tetrode
H01J0021160000	with external electrostatic control means and with or without internal control electrodes
H01J0021180000	having magnetic control means; having both magnetic and electrostatic control means
H01J0021200000	Tubes with more than one discharge path; Multiple tubes, e.g. double diode or triode-hexode
H01J0021220000	with movable electrode or electrodes
H01J0021240000	with variable amplification factor
H01J0021260000	with means for concentrating the electron stream
H01J0021340000	Tubes with electrode system arranged or dimensioned so as to eliminate transit-time effect (with flat electrodes H01J0021360000)
H01J0021360000	Tubes with flat electrodes, e.g. disc electrode
H01J0023000000	Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J0025000000
H01J0023020000	Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens (associated with resonator or delay system H01J0023160000)
H01J0023027000	Collectors
H01J0023033000	Collector cooling devices
H01J0023040000	Cathodes
H01J0023050000	having a cylindrical emissive surface, e.g. cathodes for magnetrons
H01J0023060000	Electron or ion guns
H01J0023065000	producing a solid cylindrical beam (H01J0023075000 takes precedence)
H01J0023070000	producing a hollow cylindrical beam (H01J0023075000 takes precedence)
H01J0023075000	Magnetron injection guns
H01J0023080000	Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
H01J0023083000	Electrostatic focusing arrangements
H01J0023087000	Magnetic focusing arrangements
H01J0023090000	Electric systems for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path, e.g. E-type (focusing arrangements H01J0023080000)
H01J0023100000	Magnet systems for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path, e.g. a spiral path (magnetic focusing arrangements H01J0023080000)
H01J0023110000	Means for reducing noise (in electron or ion gun H01J0023060000)
H01J0023120000	Vessels; Containers
H01J0023140000	Leading-in arrangements; Seals therefor
H01J0023150000	Means for preventing wave energy leakage structurally associated with tube leading-in arrangements, e.g. filters, chokes, attenuating devices
H01J0023160000	Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
H01J0023180000	Resonators
H01J0023200000	Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
H01J0023207000	Tuning of single resonator
H01J0023213000	Simultaneous tuning of more than one resonator, e.g. resonant cavities of a magnetron
H01J0023220000	Connections between resonators, e.g. strapping for connecting resonators of a magnetron
H01J0023240000	Slow-wave structures
H01J0023260000	Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
H01J0023270000	Helix-derived slow-wave structures
H01J0023280000	Interdigital slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
H01J0023300000	Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
H01J0023340000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0023360000	Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
H01J0023380000	to or from the discharge
H01J0023400000	to or from the interaction circuit
H01J0023420000	the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure (H01J0023440000-H01J0023480000 take precedence)
H01J0023440000	Rod-type coupling devices (H01J0023460000, H01J0023480000, H01J0023540000 take precedence)
H01J0023460000	Loop coupling devices
H01J0023480000	for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type (H01J0023460000 takes precedence)
H01J0023500000	the interaction circuit being a helix or derived from a helix (H01J0023520000 takes precedence)
H01J0023520000	the coupled helices being disposed coaxially around one another
H01J0023540000	Filtering devices preventing unwanted frequencies or modes to be coupled to, or out of, the interaction circuit; Prevention of high frequency leakage in the environment
H01J0025000000	Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons (details of transit-time tubes H01J0023000000;particle accelerators H05H)
H01J0025020000	Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving-up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
H01J0025040000	Tubes having one or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly density modulation, e.g. Haeff tube
H01J0025060000	Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi klystron
H01J0025080000	with electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonator
H01J0025100000	Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
H01J0025110000	Extended interaction klystrons
H01J0025120000	with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
H01J0025140000	with tube-like electron stream coaxial with the axis of the resonators
H01J0025160000	with pencil-like electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonators
H01J0025180000	with radial or disc-like electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonators
H01J0025200000	having special arrangements in the space between resonators, e.g. resistive-wall amplifier tube, space-charge amplifier tube, velocity-jump tube
H01J0025220000	Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
H01J0025240000	in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
H01J0025260000	in which the electron stream is coaxial with the axis of the resonator or resonators and is tube-like before reflection
H01J0025280000	in which the electron stream is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
H01J0025300000	in which the electron stream is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator or resonators and is radial or disc-like before reflection
H01J0025320000	Tubes with plural reflection, e.g. Coeterier tube
H01J0025340000	Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
H01J0025360000	Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
H01J0025380000	the forward-travelling wave being utilised
H01J0025400000	the backward-travelling wave being utilised
H01J0025420000	Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field (with travelling wave moving completely around the electron space H01J0025500000)
H01J0025440000	the forward-travelling wave being utilised
H01J0025460000	the backward-travelling wave being utilised
H01J0025480000	Tubes in which two electron streams of different velocities interact with one another, e.g. electron-wave tube
H01J0025490000	Tubes using the parametric principle, e.g. for parametric amplification
H01J0025500000	Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field (with travelling wave not moving completely around the electron space H01J0025420000;functioning with plural reflection or with reversed cyclotron action H01J0025620000, H01J0025640000)
H01J0025520000	with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
H01J0025540000	having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
H01J0025550000	Coaxial-cavity magnetrons
H01J0025560000	with interdigital arrangement of anodes, e.g. turbator tube
H01J0025580000	having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
H01J0025587000	Multi-cavity magnetrons
H01J0025593000	Rising-sun magnetrons
H01J0025600000	with an electron space having a shape that prevents any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode; Linear magnetrons
H01J0025610000	Hybrid tubes, i.e. tubes comprising a klystron section and a travelling-wave section
H01J0025620000	Strophotrons, i.e. tubes with H-field crossing the E-field and functioning with plural reflection
H01J0025640000	Turbine tubes, i.e. tubes with H-field crossing the E-field and functioning with reversed cyclotron action
H01J0025660000	Tubes with electron stream crossing itself and thereby interrupting, or interfering with, itself
H01J0025680000	Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators (with secondary emission H01J0025760000)
H01J0025700000	with resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance, e.g. Pintsch tube
H01J0025720000	in which a standing wave or a considerable part thereof is produced along an electrode, e.g. Clavier tube (with resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance H01J0025700000)
H01J0025740000	Tubes specially designed to act as transit-time diode oscillators, e.g. monotrons
H01J0025760000	Dynamic electron-multiplier tubes, e.g. Farnsworth multiplier tube, multipactor
H01J0025780000	Tubes with electron stream modulated by deflection in a resonator
H01J0027000000	Ion beam tubes (H01J0025000000, H01J0033000000, H01J0037000000 take precedence;particle accelerators H05H)
H01J0027020000	Ion sources; Ion guns
H01J0027040000	using reflex discharge, e.g. Penning ion sources
H01J0027060000	without applied magnetic field
H01J0027080000	using arc discharge
H01J0027100000	Duoplasmatrons
H01J0027120000	provided with an expansion cup
H01J0027140000	Other arc discharge ion sources using an applied magnetic field
H01J0027160000	using high-frequency excitation, e.g. microwave excitation
H01J0027180000	with an applied axial magnetic field
H01J0027200000	using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisers
H01J0027220000	Metal ion sources
H01J0027240000	using photo-ionisation, e.g. using laser beam
H01J0027260000	using surface ionisation, e.g. field effect ion sources, thermionic ion sources (H01J0027200000, H01J0027240000 take precedence)
H01J0029000000	Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J0031000000
H01J0029020000	Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating thereof
H01J0029040000	Cathodes
H01J0029060000	Screens for shielding; Masks interposed in the electron stream
H01J0029070000	Shadow masks for colour-television tubes
H01J0029080000	Electrodes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted or stored, e.g. backing-plates for storage tubes or electrodes for collecting secondary electrons
H01J0029100000	Screens on, or from, which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored
H01J0029120000	acting as light valves by shutter operation, e.g. for eidophor
H01J0029140000	acting by discolouration, e.g. halide screen
H01J0029160000	Incandescent screens
H01J0029180000	Luminescent screens
H01J0029200000	characterised by the luminescent material
H01J0029220000	characterised by the binder or adhesive for securing the luminescent material to its support, e.g. vessel
H01J0029240000	Supports for luminescent material
H01J0029260000	with superimposed luminescent layers
H01J0029280000	with protective, conductive, or reflective layers
H01J0029300000	with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines
H01J0029320000	with adjacent dots or lines of different luminescent material, e.g. for colour television
H01J0029340000	provided with permanent marks or references
H01J0029360000	Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
H01J0029380000	not using charge storage, e.g. photo-emissive screen, extended cathode
H01J0029390000	Charge-storage screens
H01J0029410000	using secondary emission, e.g. for supericonoscope
H01J0029430000	using photo-emissive mosaic, e.g. for orthicon, for iconoscope
H01J0029440000	exhibiting internal electric effects caused by particle radiation, e.g. bombardment-induced conductivity
H01J0029450000	exhibiting internal electric effects caused by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. photoconductive screen, photodielectric screen, photovoltaic screen
H01J0029460000	Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
H01J0029480000	Electron guns
H01J0029500000	two or more guns being arranged in a single vacuum space, e.g. for plural-ray tubes (H01J0029510000 takes precedence)
H01J0029510000	Arrangements for controlling convergence of a plurality of beams
H01J0029520000	Arrangements for controlling intensity of ray or beam, e.g. for modulation
H01J0029540000	Arrangements for centring ray or beam
H01J0029560000	Arrangements for controlling cross-section of ray or beam; Arrangements for correcting aberration of beam, e.g. due to lenses
H01J0029580000	Arrangements for focusing or reflecting ray or beam
H01J0029600000	Mirrors
H01J0029620000	Electrostatic lenses
H01J0029640000	Magnetic lenses
H01J0029660000	using electromagnetic means only
H01J0029680000	using permanent magnets only
H01J0029700000	Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
H01J0029720000	along one straight line or along two perpendicular straight lines
H01J0029740000	Deflecting by electric fields only
H01J0029760000	Deflecting by magnetic fields only
H01J0029780000	along a circle, spiral, or rotating radial line, e.g. for radar display
H01J0029800000	Arrangements for controlling the ray or beam after passing the main deflection system, e.g. for post-acceleration or post-concentration, for colour switching
H01J0029810000	using shadow masks
H01J0029820000	Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements
H01J0029840000	Traps for removing or diverting unwanted particles, e.g. negative ions or fringing electrons; Arrangements for velocity or mass selection
H01J0029860000	Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
H01J0029870000	Arrangements for preventing or mitigating effects of implosion of vessels or containers
H01J0029880000	provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
H01J0029890000	Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined with the vessel
H01J0029900000	Leading-in arrangements; Seals therefor
H01J0029920000	Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it
H01J0029940000	Selection of substances for gas fillings; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering
H01J0029960000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
H01J0029980000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0031000000	Cathode-ray tubes; Electron-beam tubes (H01J0025000000, H01J0033000000, H01J0035000000, H01J0037000000 take precedence;details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes H01J0029000000)
H01J0031020000	having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused
H01J0031040000	with only one or two output electrodes
H01J0031060000	with more than two output electrodes, e.g. for multiple switching or counting
H01J0031080000	having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored
H01J0031100000	Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
H01J0031120000	with luminescent screen
H01J0031140000	Magic-eye or analogous tuning indicators
H01J0031150000	with ray or beam selectively directed to luminescent anode segments
H01J0031160000	with mask carrying a number of selectively displayable signs, e.g. numeroscope
H01J0031180000	with image written by a ray or beam on a grid-like charge-accumulating screen, and with a ray or beam passing through, and influenced by, this screen before striking the luminescent screen, e.g. direct-view storage tube
H01J0031200000	for displaying images or patterns in two or more colours
H01J0031220000	for stereoscopic displays
H01J0031240000	with screen acting as light valve by shutter operation, e.g. eidophor
H01J0031260000	Image pick-up tubes having an input of visible light and electric output (tubes without defined electron beams and having a light ray scanning a photo-emissive screen H01J0040200000)
H01J0031280000	with electron ray scanning the image screen
H01J0031300000	having regulation of screen potential at anode potential, e.g. iconoscope
H01J0031320000	Tubes with image-amplification section, e.g. image-iconoscope, supericonoscope
H01J0031340000	having regulation of screen potential at cathode potential, e.g. orthicon
H01J0031360000	Tubes with image-amplification section, e.g. image-orthicon
H01J0031380000	Tubes with photoconductive screen, e.g. vidicon
H01J0031400000	having grid-like image screen through which the electron ray passes and by which the ray is influenced before striking the output electrode, i.e. having "triode action"
H01J0031420000	with image screen generating a composite electron beam which is deflected as a whole past a stationary probe to simulate a scanning effect, e.g. Farnsworth pick-up tube
H01J0031440000	Tubes with image-amplification section
H01J0031460000	Tubes in which electrical output represents both intensity and colour of image
H01J0031480000	Tubes with amplification of output effected by electron-multiplier arrangements within the vacuum space
H01J0031490000	Pick-up tubes adapted for an input of electromagnetic radiation other than visible light and having an electric output, e.g. for an input of X-rays, for an input of infra-red radiation
H01J0031495000	Pick-up tubes adapted for an input of sonic, ultrasonic, or mechanical vibrations and having an electric output
H01J0031500000	Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
H01J0031520000	having grid-like image screen through which the electron ray or beam passes and by which the ray or beam is influenced before striking the luminescent output screen, i.e. having "triode action"
H01J0031540000	in which the electron ray or beam is reflected by the image input screen on to the image output screen
H01J0031560000	for converting or amplifying images in two or more colours
H01J0031580000	Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output
H01J0031600000	having means for deflecting, either selectively or sequentially, an electron ray on to separate surface elements of the screen (by circuitry alone H01J0029980000)
H01J0031620000	with separate reading and writing rays
H01J0031640000	on opposite sides of screen, e.g. for conversion of definition
H01J0031660000	having means for allowing all but selected cross-section elements of a homogeneous electron beam to reach corresponding elements of the screen, e.g. selectron
H01J0031680000	in which the information pattern represents two or more colours
H01J0033000000	Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel (particle accelerators H05H); Lenard tubes
H01J0033020000	Details
H01J0033040000	Windows
H01J0035000000	X-ray tubes
H01J0035020000	Details
H01J0035040000	Electrodes
H01J0035060000	Cathodes
H01J0035080000	Anodes; Anticathodes
H01J0035100000	Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
H01J0035120000	Cooling non-rotary anodes
H01J0035140000	Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
H01J0035160000	Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
H01J0035180000	Windows
H01J0035200000	Selection of substances for gas fillings; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering
H01J0035220000	specially designed for passing a very high current for a very short time, e.g. for flash operation
H01J0035240000	Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
H01J0035260000	by rotation of the anode or anticathode
H01J0035280000	by vibration, oscillation, reciprocation, or swash-plate motion of the anode or anticathode
H01J0035300000	by deflection of the cathode ray
H01J0035320000	Tubes wherein the X-rays are produced at or near the end of the tube or a part thereof, which tube or part has a small cross-section to facilitate introduction into a small hole or cavity
H01J0037000000	Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof (H01J0033000000, H01J0040000000, H01J0041000000, H01J0047000000, H01J0049000000 take precedence)
H01J0037020000	Details
H01J0037040000	Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
H01J0037050000	Electron- or ion-optical arrangements for separating electrons or ions according to their energy (particle separator tubes H01J0049000000)
H01J0037060000	Electron sources; Electron guns
H01J0037063000	Geometrical arrangement of electrodes for beam-forming
H01J0037065000	Construction of guns or parts thereof (H01J0037067000-H01J0037077000 take precedence)
H01J0037067000	Replacing parts of guns; Mutual adjustment of electrodes (H01J0037073000-H01J0037077000 take precedence;vacuum locks H01J0037180000)
H01J0037070000	Eliminating deleterious effects due to thermal effects or electric or magnetic fields (H01J0037073000-H01J0037077000 take precedence)
H01J0037073000	Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources
H01J0037075000	Electron guns using thermionic emission from cathodes heated by particle bombardment or by irradiation, e.g. by laser
H01J0037077000	Electron guns using discharge in gases or vapours as electron sources
H01J0037080000	Ion sources; Ion guns
H01J0037090000	Diaphragms; Shields associated with electron- or ion-optical arrangements; Compensation of disturbing fields
H01J0037100000	Lenses
H01J0037120000	electrostatic
H01J0037140000	magnetic
H01J0037141000	Electromagnetic lenses
H01J0037143000	Permanent magnetic lenses
H01J0037145000	Combinations of electrostatic and magnetic lenses
H01J0037147000	Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path (lenses H01J0037100000)
H01J0037150000	External mechanical adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components (H01J0037067000, H01J0037200000 take precedence)
H01J0037153000	Electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements for the correction of image defects, e.g. stigmators
H01J0037160000	Vessels; Containers
H01J0037180000	Vacuum locks
H01J0037200000	Means for supporting or positioning the object or the material; Means for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
H01J0037210000	Means for adjusting the focus
H01J0037220000	Optical or photographic arrangements associated with the tube
H01J0037240000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0037244000	Detectors; Associated components or circuits therefor
H01J0037248000	Components associated with high voltage supply
H01J0037252000	Tubes for spot-analysing by electron or ion beams; Microanalysers
H01J0037256000	using scanning beams
H01J0037260000	Electron or ion microscopes; Electron- or ion-diffraction tubes
H01J0037270000	Shadow microscopy
H01J0037280000	with scanning beams
H01J0037285000	Emission microscopes, e.g. field-emission microscopes
H01J0037290000	Reflection microscopes
H01J0037295000	Electron- or ion-diffraction tubes
H01J0037300000	Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
H01J0037301000	Arrangements enabling beams to pass between regions of different pressure
H01J0037302000	Controlling tubes by external information, e.g. programme control (H01J0037304000 takes precedence)
H01J0037304000	Controlling tubes by information coming from the objects, e.g. correction signals
H01J0037305000	for casting, melting, evaporating, or etching
H01J0037310000	for cutting or drilling
H01J0037315000	for welding
H01J0037317000	for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation (H01J0037360000 takes precedence)
H01J0037320000	Gas-filled discharge tubes (heating by discharge H05B)
H01J0037340000	operating with cathodic sputtering (H01J0037360000 takes precedence)
H01J0037360000	for cleaning surfaces while plating with ions of materials introduced into the discharge, e.g. introduced by evaporation
H01J0040000000	Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas (H01J0049000000 takes precedence)
H01J0040020000	Details
H01J0040040000	Electrodes
H01J0040060000	Photo-emissive cathodes
H01J0040080000	Magnetic means for controlling discharge
H01J0040100000	Selection of substances for gas fillings
H01J0040120000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
H01J0040140000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0040160000	having photo-emissive cathode, e.g. alkaline photoelectric cell (operating with secondary emission H01J0043000000)
H01J0040180000	with luminescent coatings for influencing the sensitivity of the tube, e.g. by converting the input wavelength
H01J0040200000	wherein a light-ray scans a photo-emissive screen
H01J0041000000	Discharge tubes and means integral therewith for measuring gas pressure; Discharge tubes for evacuation by diffusion of ions
H01J0041020000	Discharge tubes and means integral therewith for measuring gas pressure
H01J0041040000	with ionisation by means of thermionic cathodes
H01J0041060000	with ionisation by means of cold cathodes
H01J0041080000	with ionisation by means of radioactive substances, e.g. alphatrons
H01J0041100000	of particle-spectrometer type (particle spectrometers in general H01J0049000000)
H01J0041120000	Discharge tubes for evacuating by diffusion of ions, e.g. ion pumps, getter ion pumps
H01J0041140000	with ionisation by means of thermionic cathodes
H01J0041160000	using gettering substances
H01J0041180000	with ionisation by means of cold cathodes
H01J0041200000	using gettering substances
H01J0043000000	Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes (dynamic electron-multiplier tubes H01J0025760000)
H01J0043020000	Tubes in which one or a few electrodes are secondary-electron-emitting electrodes
H01J0043040000	Electron multipliers
H01J0043060000	Electrode arrangements
H01J0043080000	Cathode arrangements (construction of photo cathodes H01J0040060000, H01J0040160000, H01J0047000000, H01J0049080000)
H01J0043100000	Dynodes (H01J0043240000, H01J0043260000 take precedence)
H01J0043120000	Anode arrangements
H01J0043140000	Control of electron beam by magnetic field
H01J0043160000	Electrode arrangements using essentially one dynode
H01J0043180000	Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
H01J0043200000	Dynodes consisting of sheet material, e.g. plane, bent
H01J0043220000	Dynodes consisting of electron-permeable material, e.g. foil, grid, tube, venetian blind
H01J0043240000	Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
H01J0043260000	Box dynodes
H01J0043280000	Vessels; Windows; Screens; Suppressing undesired discharges or currents
H01J0043300000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
H01J0045000000	Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators
H01J0047000000	Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles (photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas H01J0040000000)
H01J0047020000	Ionisation chambers
H01J0047040000	Capacitive ionisation chambers, e.g. the electrodes of which are used as electrometers
H01J0047060000	Proportional counter tubes
H01J0047080000	Geiger-Müller counter tubes
H01J0047100000	Spark counters (H01J0047140000 takes precedence;spark gaps H01T)
H01J0047120000	Neutron detector tubes, e.g. BF3 tubes
H01J0047140000	Parallel electrode spark or streamer chambers; Wire spark or streamer chambers
H01J0047160000	characterised by readout of each individual wire
H01J0047180000	the readout being electrical (H01J0047200000 takes precedence)
H01J0047200000	the readout employing electrical or mechanical delay lines, e.g. magnetostrictive delay lines
H01J0047220000	characterised by another type of readout
H01J0047240000	the readout being acoustical
H01J0047260000	the readout being optical
H01J0049000000	Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
H01J0049020000	Details
H01J0049040000	Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
H01J0049060000	Electron- or ion-optical arrangements (H01J0049040000 takes precedence)
H01J0049080000	Electron sources, e.g. for generating photo-electrons, secondary electrons or Auger electrons
H01J0049100000	Ion sources; Ion guns
H01J0049120000	using an arc discharge, e.g. of the duoplasmatron type
H01J0049140000	using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers
H01J0049160000	using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
H01J0049180000	using spark ionisation
H01J0049200000	Magnetic deflection
H01J0049220000	Electrostatic deflection
H01J0049240000	Vacuum systems, e.g. maintaining desired pressures
H01J0049260000	Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
H01J0049280000	Static spectrometers
H01J0049300000	using magnetic analysers
H01J0049320000	using double focusing
H01J0049340000	Dynamic spectrometers
H01J0049360000	Radio frequency spectrometers, e.g. Bennett-type spectrometers, Redhead-type spectrometers
H01J0049380000	Omegatrons
H01J0049400000	Time-of-flight spectrometers (H01J0049360000 takes precedence)
H01J0049420000	Stability-of-path spectrometers, e.g. monopole, quadrupole, multipole, farvitrons
H01J0049440000	Energy spectrometers, e.g. alpha-, beta-spectrometers
H01J0049460000	Static spectrometers
H01J0049480000	using electrostatic analysers, e.g. cylindrical sector, Wien filter
H01J0061000000	Discharge lamps
H01J0061000000	Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps (arc lamps with consumable electrodes H05B;electroluminescent lamps H05B)
H01J0061020000	Details
H01J0061040000	Electrodes (for igniting H01J0061540000); Screens; Shields
H01J0061060000	Main electrodes
H01J0061067000	for low-pressure discharge lamps
H01J0061073000	for high-pressure discharge lamps
H01J0061090000	Hollow cathodes
H01J0061100000	Shield, screens, or guides for influencing the discharge
H01J0061120000	Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
H01J0061140000	having one or more carbon compounds as the principal constituents
H01J0061160000	having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principle constituent
H01J0061180000	having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
H01J0061200000	mercury vapour
H01J0061220000	vapour of an alkali metal
H01J0061240000	Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
H01J0061260000	Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope
H01J0061280000	Means for producing, introducing, or replenishing gas or vapour during operation of the lamp
H01J0061300000	Vessels; Containers
H01J0061320000	Special longitudinal shape, e.g. for advertising purposes
H01J0061330000	Special shape of cross-section, e.g. for producing cool spot
H01J0061340000	Double-wall vessels or containers
H01J0061350000	provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings (using coloured coatings H01J0061400000;using luminescent coatings H01J0061420000)
H01J0061360000	Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
H01J0061380000	Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
H01J0061400000	by light-filters; by coloured coatings in or on the envelope
H01J0061420000	by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
H01J0061440000	Devices characterised by the luminescent material
H01J0061460000	Devices characterised by the binder or other non-luminescent constituent of the luminescent material, e.g. for obtaining desired pouring or drying properties
H01J0061480000	Separate coatings of different luminous materials
H01J0061500000	Auxiliary parts or solid material within the envelope for reducing risk of explosion upon breakage of the envelope, e.g. for use in mines
H01J0061520000	Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
H01J0061540000	Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
H01J0061560000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
H01J0061580000	Lamps with both liquid anode and liquid cathode
H01J0061600000	Lamps in which the discharge space is substantially filled with mercury before ignition
H01J0061620000	Lamps with gaseous, e.g. plasma cathode
H01J0061640000	Cathode glow lamps
H01J0061660000	having one or more specially shaped cathodes, e.g. for advertising purposes
H01J0061680000	Lamps in which the main discharge is between parts of a current-carrying guide, e.g. halo lamp
H01J0061700000	Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge
H01J0061720000	having a main light-emitting filling of easily vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. mercury
H01J0061740000	having a main light-emitting filling of difficult vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. sodium
H01J0061760000	having a filling of permanent gas or gases only
H01J0061780000	with cold cathode; with cathode heated only by discharge, e.g. high-tension lamp for advertising
H01J0061800000	Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
H01J0061820000	Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge
H01J0061840000	Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
H01J0061860000	with discharge additionally constricted by close spacing of electrodes, e.g. for optical projection
H01J0061880000	with discharge additionally constricted by envelope
H01J0061900000	Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
H01J0061920000	Lamps with more than one main discharge path
H01J0061940000	Paths producing light of different wavelengths, e.g. for simulating daylight
H01J0061950000	Lamps with control electrode for varying intensity or wavelength of the light, e.g. for producing modulated light
H01J0061960000	Lamps with light-emitting discharge path and separately-heated incandescent body within a common envelope, e.g. for simulating daylight
H01J0061980000	Lamps with closely spaced electrodes heated to incandescence by light-emitting discharge, e.g. tungsten arc lamp
H01J0063000000	Cathode-ray or electron-stream lamps
H01J0063020000	Details, e.g. electrode, gas filling, shape of vessel
H01J0063040000	Vessels provided with luminescent coatings; Selection of materials for the coatings
H01J0063060000	Lamps with luminescent screen excited by the ray or stream
H01J0063080000	Lamps with gas plasma excited by the ray or stream
H01J0065000000	Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
H01J0065040000	Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H01J0065060000	Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by radioactive material structurally associated with the lamp, e.g. inside the vessel
H01J0065080000	Lamps in which a screen or coating is excited to luminesce by radioactive material located inside the vessel
H01J0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H01K	ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS (details or apparatus or processes for manufacture applicable to both discharge devices and incandescent lamps H01J;light sources using a combination of incandescent and other types of light generation H01J0061960000, H05B0035000000)
H01K0001000000	Details
H01K0001020000	Incandescent bodies
H01K0001040000	characterised by the material thereof
H01K0001060000	Carbon bodies
H01K0001080000	Metallic bodies
H01K0001100000	Bodies of metal or carbon combined with other substance
H01K0001120000	Bodies which are non-conductive when cold, e.g. for Nernst lamp
H01K0001140000	characterised by the shape
H01K0001160000	Electric connection thereto
H01K0001180000	Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
H01K0001200000	characterised by the material thereof
H01K0001220000	Lamp stems
H01K0001240000	Mounts for lamps with connections at opposite ends, e.g. for tubular lamp
H01K0001260000	Screens; Filters (associated with envelope H01K0001280000)
H01K0001280000	Envelopes; Vessels
H01K0001300000	incorporating lenses
H01K0001320000	provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof
H01K0001340000	Double-wall vessels
H01K0001360000	Seals between parts of vessel, e.g. between stem and envelope
H01K0001380000	Seals for leading-in conductors
H01K0001400000	Leading-in conductors
H01K0001420000	Means forming part of the lamp for the purpose of providing electrical connection to, or support for, the lamp
H01K0001440000	directly applied to, or forming part of, the vessel
H01K0001460000	supported by a separate part, e.g. base, cap
H01K0001480000	Removable caps
H01K0001500000	Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
H01K0001520000	Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
H01K0001540000	Means for adsorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
H01K0001560000	characterised by the material of the getter
H01K0001580000	Cooling arrangements
H01K0001600000	Means structurally associated with the lamp for indicating defects or previous use
H01K0001620000	One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
H01K0001640000	with built-in switch
H01K0001660000	with built-in fuse
H01K0001680000	with built-in spark gap
H01K0001700000	with built-in short-circuiting device, e.g. for serially-connected lamps
H01K0003000000	Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
H01K0003020000	Manufacture of incandescent bodies
H01K0003040000	Machines therefor
H01K0003060000	Attaching of incandescent bodies to mount
H01K0003080000	Manufacture of mounts or stems
H01K0003100000	Machines therefor
H01K0003120000	Joining of mount or stem to vessel; Joining parts of the vessel, e.g. by butt sealing
H01K0003140000	Machines therefor
H01K0003160000	Joining of caps to vessel
H01K0003180000	Machines therefor
H01K0003200000	Sealing-in wires directly into the envelope
H01K0003220000	Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
H01K0003240000	Machines therefor
H01K0003260000	Closing of vessels
H01K0003280000	Machines having sequentially arranged operating stations
H01K0003300000	Repairing or regenerating used or defective lamps
H01K0003320000	Auxiliary devices for cleaning, placing, or removing incandescent lamps
H01K0005000000	Lamps for general lighting (H01K0009000000-H01K0013000000 take precedence)
H01K0005020000	with connections made at opposite ends, e.g. tubular lamp with axially arranged filament
H01K0007000000	Lamps for purposes other than general lighting (H01K0009000000-H01K0013000000 take precedence)
H01K0007020000	for producing a narrow beam of light; for approximating a point-like source of light, e.g. for searchlight, for cinematographic projector (producing narrow beams by optical means external to lamp F21V)
H01K0007040000	for indicating
H01K0007060000	for decorative purposes
H01K0009000000	Lamps having two or more incandescent bodies separately heated (H01K0011000000, H01K0013000000 take precedence)
H01K0009020000	to provide substitution in the event of failure of one of the bodies
H01K0009040000	with built-in manually-operated switch
H01K0009060000	with built-in device, e.g. switch, for automatically completing circuit of reserve body
H01K0009080000	to provide selectively different light effects, e.g. for automobile headlamp
H01K0011000000	Lamps having an incandescent body which is not conductively heated, e.g. heated inductively, heated by electronic discharge (H01K0013000000 takes precedence;heated by light-emitting discharge H01J0061980000)
H01K0013000000	Lamps having an incandescent body which is substantially non-conductive until heated, e.g. Nernst lamp
H01K0013020000	Heating arrangements
H01K0013040000	using electric discharge
H01K0013060000	using induction heating; using high-frequency field
H01L	SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (use of semiconductor devices for measuring G01;resistors in general H01C;magnets, inductors, transformers H01F;capacitors in general H01G;electrolytic devices H01G0009000000;batteries, accumulators H01M;waveguides, resonators, or lines of the waveguide type H01P;line connectors, current collectors H01R;stimulated-emission devices H01S;electromechanical resonators H03H;loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers H04R;electric light sources in general H05B;printed circuits, hybrid circuits, casings or constructional details of electrical apparatus, manufacture of assemblages of electrical components H05K;use of semiconductor devices in circuits having a particular application, see the subclass for the application)
H01L0021000000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
H01L0021020000	Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
H01L0021027000	Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing, not provided for in group H01L0021180000 or H01L0021340000
H01L0021033000	comprising inorganic layers
H01L0021040000	the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer, carrier concentration layer
H01L0021060000	the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
H01L0021080000	Preparation of the foundation plate
H01L0021100000	Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
H01L0021103000	Conversion of the selenium or tellurium to the conductive state
H01L0021105000	Treatment of the surface of the selenium or tellurium layer after having been made conductive
H01L0021108000	Provision of discrete insulating layers, i.e. non-genetic barrier layers
H01L0021120000	Application of an electrode to the exposed surface of the selenium or tellurium after the selenium or tellurium has been applied to the foundation plate
H01L0021140000	Treatment of the complete device, e.g. by electroforming to form a barrier
H01L0021145000	Ageing
H01L0021160000	the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising cuprous oxide or cuprous iodide
H01L0021180000	the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
H01L0021200000	Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth
H01L0021203000	using physical deposition, e.g. vacuum deposition, sputtering
H01L0021205000	using reduction or decomposition of a gaseous compound yielding a solid condensate, i.e. chemical deposition
H01L0021208000	using liquid deposition
H01L0021220000	Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into, or out of, a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Redistribution of impurity materials, e.g. without introduction or removal of further dopant
H01L0021223000	using diffusion into, or out of, a solid from or into a gaseous phase
H01L0021225000	using diffusion into, or out of, a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
H01L0021228000	using diffusion into, or out of, a solid from or into a liquid phase, e.g. alloy diffusion processes
H01L0021240000	Alloying of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, with a semiconductor body
H01L0021260000	Bombardment with wave or particle radiation
H01L0021261000	to produce a nuclear reaction transmuting chemical elements
H01L0021263000	with high-energy radiation (H01L0021261000 takes precedence)
H01L0021265000	producing ion implantation
H01L0021266000	using masks
H01L0021268000	using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser radiation
H01L0021280000	Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L0021200000-H01L0021268000
H01L0021283000	Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes
H01L0021285000	from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
H01L0021288000	from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
H01L0021300000	Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L0021200000-H01L0021260000 (manufacture of electrodes thereon H01L0021280000)
H01L0021301000	to subdivide a semiconductor body into separate parts, e.g. making partitions (cutting H01L0021304000)
H01L0021302000	to change the physical characteristics of their surfaces, or to change their shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
H01L0021304000	Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
H01L0021306000	Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching (to form insulating layers H01L0021310000;after-treatment of insulating layers H01L0021310500)
H01L0021306300	Electrolytic etching
H01L0021306500	Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
H01L0021308000	using masks (H01L0021306300, H01L0021306500, take precedence)
H01L0021310000	to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques (encapsulating layers H01L0021560000); After-treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
H01L0021310500	After-treatment
H01L0021311000	Etching the insulating layers
H01L0021311500	Doping the insulating layers
H01L0021312000	Organic layers, e.g. photoresist (H01L0021310500, H01L0021320000 take precedence)
H01L0021314000	Inorganic layers (H01L0021310500, H01L0021320000 take precedence)
H01L0021316000	composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide-based glass
H01L0021318000	composed of nitrides
H01L0021320000	using masks
H01L0021320500	Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers, on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers (manufacture of electrodes H01L0021280000)
H01L0021321000	After-treatment
H01L0021321300	Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
H01L0021321500	Doping the layers
H01L0021322000	to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
H01L0021324000	Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering (H01L0021200000-H01L0021288000, H01L0021302000-H01L0021322000 take precedence)
H01L0021326000	Application of electric currents or fields, e.g. for electroforming (H01L0021200000-H01L0021288000, H01L0021302000-H01L0021324000 take precedence)
H01L0021328000	Multistep processes for the manufacture of devices of the bipolar type, e.g. diodes, transistors, thyristors
H01L0021329000	the devices comprising one or two electrodes, e.g. diodes
H01L0021330000	the devices comprising three or more electrodes
H01L0021331000	Transistors
H01L0021332000	Thyristors
H01L0021334000	Multistep processes for the manufacture of devices of the unipolar type
H01L0021335000	Field-effect transistors
H01L0021336000	with an insulated gate
H01L0021337000	with a PN junction gate
H01L0021338000	with a Schottky gate
H01L0021339000	Charge transfer devices
H01L0021340000	the devices having semiconductor bodies not provided for in groups H01L0021060000, H01L0021160000, and H01L0021180000 with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
H01L0021360000	Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth
H01L0021363000	using physical deposition, e.g. vacuum deposition, sputtering
H01L0021365000	using reduction or decomposition of a gaseous compound yielding a solid condensate, i.e. chemical deposition
H01L0021368000	using liquid deposition
H01L0021380000	Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into, or out of, a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions
H01L0021383000	using diffusion into, or out of, a solid from or into a gaseous phase
H01L0021385000	using diffusion into, or out of, a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
H01L0021388000	using diffusion into, or out of, a solid from or into a liquid phase, e.g. alloy diffusion processes
H01L0021400000	Alloying of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, with a semiconductor body
H01L0021420000	Bombardment with radiation
H01L0021423000	with high-energy radiation
H01L0021425000	producing ion implantation
H01L0021426000	using masks
H01L0021428000	using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser radiation
H01L0021440000	Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L0021360000-H01L0021428000
H01L0021441000	Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes
H01L0021443000	from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
H01L0021445000	from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
H01L0021447000	involving the application of pressure, e.g. thermo-compression bonding (H01L0021607000 takes precedence)
H01L0021449000	involving the application of mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
H01L0021460000	Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L0021360000-H01L0021428000 (manufacture of electrodes thereon H01L0021440000)
H01L0021461000	to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
H01L0021463000	Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, ultrasonic treatment
H01L0021465000	Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching (to form insulating layers H01L0021469000)
H01L0021467000	using masks
H01L0021469000	to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques (encapsulating layers H01L0021560000); After-treatment of these layers
H01L0021470000	Organic layers, e.g. photoresist (H01L0021475000, H01L0021475700 take precedence)
H01L0021471000	Inorganic layers (H01L0021475000, H01L0021475700 take precedence)
H01L0021473000	composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide-based glass
H01L0021475000	using masks
H01L0021475700	After-treatment
H01L0021476300	Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive-, resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers (manufacture of electrodes H01L0021280000)
H01L0021477000	Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering (H01L0021360000-H01L0021449000, H01L0021461000-H01L0021475000 take precedence)
H01L0021479000	Application of electric currents or fields, e.g. for electroforming (H01L0021360000-H01L0021449000, H01L0021461000-H01L0021477000 take precedence)
H01L0021480000	Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the groups H01L0021060000-H01L0021326000
H01L0021500000	Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the groups H01L0021060000-H01L0021326000
H01L0021520000	Mounting semiconductor bodies in containers
H01L0021540000	Providing fillings in containers, e.g. gas fillings
H01L0021560000	Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings
H01L0021580000	Mounting semiconductor devices on supports
H01L0021600000	Attaching leads or other conductive members, to be used for carrying current to or from the device in operation
H01L0021603000	involving the application of pressure, e.g. thermo-compression bonding (H01L0021607000 takes precedence)
H01L0021607000	involving the application of mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
H01L0021620000	the devices having no potential-jump barriers or surface barriers
H01L0021640000	Manufacture or treatment of solid state devices other than semiconductor devices, or of parts thereof, not specially adapted for a single type of device provided for in groups H01L0031000000-H01L0051000000
H01L0021660000	Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment
H01L0021670000	Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L0021673000	using specially adapted carriers
H01L0021677000	for conveying, e.g. between different work stations
H01L0021680000	for positioning, orientation or alignment
H01L0021683000	for supporting or gripping (for positioning, orientation or alignment H01L0021680000)
H01L0021687000	using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
H01L0021700000	Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in or on a common substrate or of specific parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of specific parts thereof (manufacture of assemblies consisting of preformed electrical components H05K0003000000, H05K0013000000)
H01L0021710000	Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L0021700000 (H01L0021280000, H01L0021440000, H01L0021480000 take precedence)
H01L0021740000	Making of buried regions of high impurity concentration, e.g. buried collector layers, internal connections
H01L0021760000	Making of isolation regions between components
H01L0021761000	PN junctions
H01L0021762000	Dielectric regions
H01L0021763000	Polycrystalline semiconductor regions
H01L0021764000	Air gaps
H01L0021765000	by field-effect
H01L0021768000	Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device
H01L0021770000	Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
H01L0021780000	with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices (cutting to change the surface-physical characteristics or shape of semiconductor bodies H01L0021304000)
H01L0021782000	to produce devices, each consisting of a single circuit element (H01L0021820000 takes precedence)
H01L0021784000	the substrate being a semiconductor body
H01L0021786000	the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. insulating body
H01L0021820000	to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
H01L0021822000	the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology (H01L0021825800 takes precedence)
H01L0021822200	Bipolar technology
H01L0021822400	comprising a combination of vertical and lateral transistors
H01L0021822600	comprising merged transistor logic or integrated injection logic
H01L0021822800	Complementary devices, e.g. complementary transistors
H01L0021822900	Memory structures
H01L0021823200	Field-effect technology
H01L0021823400	MIS technology
H01L0021823600	Combination of enhancement and depletion transistors
H01L0021823800	Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS
H01L0021823900	Memory structures
H01L0021824200	Dynamic random access memory structures (DRAM)
H01L0021824400	Static random access memory structures (SRAM)
H01L0021824600	Read-only memory structures (ROM)
H01L0021824700	electrically-programmable (EPROM)
H01L0021824800	Combination of bipolar and field-effect technology
H01L0021824900	Bipolar and MOS technology
H01L0021825200	the substrate being a semiconductor, using III-V technology (H01L0021825800 takes precedence)
H01L0021825400	the substrate being a semiconductor, using II-VI technology (H01L0021825800 takes precedence)
H01L0021825600	the substrate being a semiconductor, using technologies not covered by one of groups H01L0021822000, H01L0021825200 or H01L0021825400 (H01L0021825800 takes precedence)
H01L0021825800	the substrate being a semiconductor, using a combination of technologies covered by H01L0021822000, H01L0021825200, H01L0021825400 or H01L0021825600
H01L0021840000	the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. being an insulating body
H01L0021860000	the insulating body being sapphire, e.g. silicon on sapphire structure, i.e. SOS
H01L0021980000	Assembly of devices consisting of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate; Assembly of integrated circuit devices (H01L0021500000 takes precedence)
H01L0023000000	Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices (H01L0025000000 takes precedence)
H01L0023020000	Containers; Seals (H01L0023120000, H01L0023340000, H01L0023480000, H01L0023552000 take precedence)
H01L0023040000	characterised by the shape
H01L0023043000	the container being a hollow construction and having a conductive base as a mounting as well as a lead for the semiconductor body
H01L0023045000	the other leads having an insulating passage through the base
H01L0023047000	the other leads being parallel to the base
H01L0023049000	the other leads being perpendicular to the base
H01L0023051000	another lead being formed by a cover plate parallel to the base plate, e.g. sandwich type
H01L0023053000	the container being a hollow construction and having an insulating base as a mounting for the semiconductor body
H01L0023055000	the leads having a passage through the base
H01L0023057000	the leads being parallel to the base
H01L0023060000	characterised by the material of the container or its electrical properties
H01L0023080000	the material being an electrical insulator, e.g. glass
H01L0023100000	characterised by the material or arrangement of seals between parts, e.g. between cap and base of the container or between leads and walls of the container
H01L0023120000	Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
H01L0023130000	characterised by the shape
H01L0023140000	characterised by the material or its electrical properties
H01L0023150000	Ceramic or glass substrates
H01L0023160000	Fillings or auxiliary members in containers, e.g. centering rings (H01L0023420000, H01L0023552000 take precedence)
H01L0023180000	Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device
H01L0023200000	gaseous at the normal operating temperature of the device
H01L0023220000	liquid at the normal operating temperature of the device
H01L0023240000	solid or gel, at the normal operating temperature of the device
H01L0023260000	including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances
H01L0023280000	Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings (H01L0023552000 takes precedence)
H01L0023290000	characterised by the material
H01L0023310000	characterised by the arrangement
H01L0023320000	Holders for supporting the complete device in operation, i.e. detachable fixtures (H01L0023400000 takes precedence)
H01L0023340000	Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation
H01L0023360000	Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heat sinks
H01L0023367000	Cooling facilitated by shape of device
H01L0023373000	Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device
H01L0023380000	Cooling arrangements using the Peltier effect
H01L0023400000	Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements
H01L0023420000	Fillings or auxiliary members in containers selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
H01L0023427000	Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
H01L0023433000	Auxiliary members characterised by their shape, e.g. pistons
H01L0023440000	the complete device being wholly immersed in a fluid other than air (H01L0023427000 takes precedence)
H01L0023460000	involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids (H01L0023420000, H01L0023440000 take precedence)
H01L0023467000	by flowing gases, e.g. air
H01L0023473000	by flowing liquids
H01L0023480000	Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements
H01L0023482000	consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body
H01L0023485000	consisting of layered constructions comprising conductive layers and insulating layers, e.g. planar contacts
H01L0023488000	consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
H01L0023490000	wire-like
H01L0023492000	Bases or plates
H01L0023495000	Lead-frames
H01L0023498000	Leads on insulating substrates
H01L0023500000	for integrated circuit devices (H01L0023482000-H01L0023498000 take precedence)
H01L0023520000	Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another
H01L0023522000	including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
H01L0023525000	with adaptable interconnections
H01L0023528000	Layout of the interconnection structure
H01L0023532000	characterised by the materials
H01L0023535000	including internal interconnections, e.g. cross-under constructions
H01L0023538000	the interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips being formed on, or in, insulating substrates
H01L0023544000	Marks applied to semiconductor devices, e.g. registration marks, test patterns
H01L0023552000	Protection against radiation, e.g. light
H01L0023556000	against alpha rays
H01L0023580000	Structural electrical arrangements for semiconductor devices not otherwise provided for
H01L0023600000	Protection against electrostatic charges or discharges, e.g. Faraday shields
H01L0023620000	Protection against overcurrent or overload, e.g. fuses, shunts
H01L0023640000	Impedance arrangements
H01L0023660000	High-frequency adaptations
H01L0025000000	Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000;photovoltaic modules or arrays of photovoltaic cells H01L0031042000)
H01L0025030000	all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L0027000000-H01L0051000000, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
H01L0025040000	the devices not having separate containers
H01L0025065000	the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L0027000000
H01L0025070000	the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L0029000000
H01L0025075000	the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L0033000000
H01L0025100000	the devices having separate containers
H01L0025110000	the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L0029000000
H01L0025130000	the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L0033000000
H01L0025160000	the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L0027000000-H01L0051000000, e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H01L0025180000	the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subgroups of the same main group of groups H01L0027000000-H01L0051000000
H01L0027000000	Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate (details thereof H01L0023000000, H01L0029000000-H01L0051000000;assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual solid state devices H01L0025000000)
H01L0027010000	comprising only passive thin-film or thick-film elements formed on a common insulating substrate
H01L0027020000	including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L0027040000	the substrate being a semiconductor body
H01L0027060000	including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
H01L0027070000	the components having an active region in common
H01L0027080000	including only semiconductor components of a single kind
H01L0027082000	including bipolar components only
H01L0027085000	including field-effect components only
H01L0027088000	the components being field-effect transistors with insulated gate
H01L0027092000	complementary MIS field-effect transistors
H01L0027095000	the components being Schottky barrier gate field-effect transistors
H01L0027098000	the components being PN junction gate field-effect transistors
H01L0027100000	including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration
H01L0027102000	including bipolar components
H01L0027105000	including field-effect components
H01L0027108000	Dynamic random access memory structures
H01L0027110000	Static random access memory structures
H01L0027112000	Read-only memory structures
H01L0027115000	Electrically programmable read-only memories
H01L0027118000	Masterslice integrated circuits
H01L0027120000	the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
H01L0027130000	combined with thin-film or thick-film passive components
H01L0027140000	including semiconductor components sensitive to infra-red radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation (radiation-sensitive components structurally associated with one or more electric light sources only H01L0031140000;couplings of light guides with optoelectronic elements G02B0006420000)
H01L0027142000	Energy conversion devices (photovoltaic modules or arrays of single photovoltaic cells comprising bypass diodes integrated or directly associated with the devices H01L0031044300;photovoltaic modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate H01L0031046000)
H01L0027144000	Devices controlled by radiation
H01L0027146000	Imager structures
H01L0027148000	Charge coupled imagers
H01L0027150000	including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
H01L0027160000	including thermoelectric components with or without a junction of dissimilar materials; including thermomagnetic components (using the Peltier effect only for cooling of semiconductor or other solid state devices H01L0023380000)
H01L0027180000	including components exhibiting superconductivity
H01L0027200000	including piezo-electric components; including electrostrictive components; including magnetostrictive components
H01L0027220000	including components using galvano-magnetic effects, e.g. Hall effect; using similar magnetic field effects
H01L0027240000	including solid state components for rectifying, amplifying, or switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L0027260000	including bulk negative resistance effect components
H01L0027280000	including components using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part
H01L0027300000	with components specially adapted for sensing infra-red radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, or corpuscular radiation; with components specially adapted for either the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
H01L0027320000	with components specially adapted for light emission, e.g. flat-panel displays using organic light-emitting diodes
H01L0029000000	Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; Capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof (H01L0031000000-H01L0047000000, H01L0051050000 take precedence;details other than of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof H01L0023000000;devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000)
H01L0029020000	Semiconductor bodies
H01L0029040000	characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes (characterised by physical imperfections H01L0029300000)
H01L0029060000	characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions
H01L0029080000	with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode carrying current to be rectified, amplified, or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
H01L0029100000	with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified, or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
H01L0029120000	characterised by the materials of which they are formed
H01L0029150000	Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. multiple quantum wells, superlattices (such structures applied for the control of light G02F0001017000, applied in semiconductor lasers H01S0005340000)
H01L0029160000	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System in uncombined form
H01L0029161000	including two or more of the elements provided for in group H01L0029160000
H01L0029165000	in different semiconductor regions
H01L0029167000	further characterised by the doping material
H01L0029180000	Selenium or tellurium only, apart from doping materials or other impurities
H01L0029200000	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
H01L0029201000	including two or more compounds
H01L0029205000	in different semiconductor regions
H01L0029207000	further characterised by the doping material
H01L0029220000	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIBVI compounds
H01L0029221000	including two or more compounds
H01L0029225000	in different semiconductor regions
H01L0029227000	further characterised by the doping material
H01L0029240000	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only inorganic semiconductor materials not provided for in groups H01L0029160000, H01L0029180000, H01L0029200000 or H01L0029220000
H01L0029260000	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, elements provided for in two or more of the groups H01L0029160000, H01L0029180000, H01L0029200000, H01L0029220000, H01L0029240000
H01L0029267000	in different semiconductor regions
H01L0029300000	characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface
H01L0029320000	the imperfections being within the semiconductor body
H01L0029340000	the imperfections being on the surface
H01L0029360000	characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities
H01L0029380000	characterised by combination of features provided for in two or more of the groups H01L0029040000, H01L0029060000, H01L0029120000, H01L0029300000, H01L0029360000
H01L0029400000	Electrodes
H01L0029410000	characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
H01L0029417000	carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
H01L0029423000	not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
H01L0029430000	characterised by the materials of which they are formed
H01L0029450000	Ohmic electrodes
H01L0029470000	Schottky barrier electrodes
H01L0029490000	Metal-insulator semiconductor electrodes
H01L0029510000	Insulating materials associated therewith
H01L0029660000	Types of semiconductor device
H01L0029680000	controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified, or switched (H01L0029960000 takes precedence)
H01L0029700000	Bipolar devices
H01L0029720000	Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
H01L0029730000	Bipolar junction transistors
H01L0029732000	Vertical transistors
H01L0029735000	Lateral transistors
H01L0029737000	Hetero-junction transistors
H01L0029739000	controlled by field effect
H01L0029740000	Thyristor-type devices, e.g. having four-zone regenerative action
H01L0029744000	Gate-turn-off devices
H01L0029745000	with turn-off by field effect
H01L0029747000	Bidirectional devices, e.g. triacs
H01L0029749000	with turn-on by field effect
H01L0029760000	Unipolar devices
H01L0029762000	Charge transfer devices
H01L0029765000	Charge-coupled devices
H01L0029768000	with field effect produced by an insulated gate
H01L0029772000	Field-effect transistors
H01L0029775000	with one-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. quantum wire FET
H01L0029778000	with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT
H01L0029780000	with field effect produced by an insulated gate
H01L0029786000	Thin-film transistors
H01L0029788000	with floating gate
H01L0029792000	with charge trapping gate insulator, e.g. MNOS-memory transistor
H01L0029800000	with field effect produced by a PN or other rectifying junction gate
H01L0029808000	with a PN junction gate
H01L0029812000	with a Schottky gate
H01L0029820000	controllable by variation of the magnetic field applied to the device (H01L0029960000 takes precedence)
H01L0029840000	controllable by variation of applied mechanical force, e.g. of pressure (H01L0029960000 takes precedence)
H01L0029860000	controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated, or switched (H01L0029960000 takes precedence)
H01L0029860500	Resistors with PN junction
H01L0029861000	Diodes
H01L0029862000	Point contact diodes
H01L0029864000	Transit-time diodes, e.g. IMPATT, TRAPATT diodes
H01L0029866000	Zener diodes
H01L0029868000	PIN diodes
H01L0029870000	Thyristor diodes, e.g. Shockley diodes, break-over diodes
H01L0029872000	Schottky diodes
H01L0029880000	Tunnel-effect diodes
H01L0029885000	Esaki diodes
H01L0029920000	Capacitors with potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L0029930000	Variable-capacitance diodes, e.g. varactors
H01L0029940000	Metal-insulator-semiconductors, e.g. MOS
H01L0029960000	of a type covered by more than one of groups H01L0029680000, H01L0029820000, H01L0029840000 or H01L0029860000
H01L0031000000	Semiconductor devices sensitive to infra-red radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof (H01L0051420000 takes precedence;devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in, or on, a common substrate, other than combinations of radiation-sensitive components with one or more electric light sources, H01L0027000000)
H01L0031020000	Details
H01L0031020300	Containers; Encapsulations (for photovoltaic devices H01L0031048000;for organic photosensitive devices H01L0051440000)
H01L0031021600	Coatings (H01L0031041000 takes precedence)
H01L0031022400	Electrodes
H01L0031023200	Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device (H01L0031023600 takes precedence;for photovoltaic cells H01L0031054000;for photovoltaic modules H02S0040200000)
H01L0031023600	Special surface textures
H01L0031024000	Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation (for photovoltaic devices H01L0031052000)
H01L0031024800	characterised by their semiconductor bodies
H01L0031025600	characterised by the material
H01L0031026400	Inorganic materials
H01L0031027200	Selenium or tellurium
H01L0031028000	including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
H01L0031028800	characterised by the doping material
H01L0031029600	including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, HgCdTe
H01L0031030400	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
H01L0031031200	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIVBIV compounds, e.g. SiC
H01L0031032000	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L0031027200-H01L0031031200
H01L0031032800	including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups H01L0031027200-H01L0031032000
H01L0031033600	in different semiconductor regions, e.g. Cu2X/CdX hetero-junctions, X being an element of Group VI of the Periodic System
H01L0031035200	characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
H01L0031036000	characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
H01L0031036800	including polycrystalline semiconductors (H01L0031039200 takes precedence)
H01L0031037600	including amorphous semiconductors (H01L0031039200 takes precedence)
H01L0031038400	including other non-monocrystalline materials, e.g. semiconductor particles embedded in an insulating material (H01L0031039200 takes precedence)
H01L0031039200	including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates
H01L0031040000	adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices (testing thereof during manufacture H01L0021660000;testing thereof after manufacture H02S0050100000)
H01L0031041000	Provisions for preventing damage caused by corpuscular radiation, e.g. for space applications
H01L0031042000	PV modules or arrays of single PV cells (supporting structures for PV modules H02S0020000000)
H01L0031043000	Mechanically stacked PV cells
H01L0031044000	including bypass diodes (bypass diodes in the junction box H02S0040340000)
H01L0031044300	comprising bypass diodes integrated or directly associated with the devices, e.g. bypass diodes integrated or formed in or on the same substrate as the photovoltaic cells
H01L0031044500	including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
H01L0031046000	PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
H01L0031046300	characterised by special patterning methods to connect the PV cells in a module, e.g. laser cutting of the conductive or active layers
H01L0031046500	comprising particular structures for the electrical interconnection of adjacent PV cells in the module (H01L0031046300 takes precedence)
H01L0031046800	comprising specific means for obtaining partial light transmission through the module, e.g. partially transparent thin film solar modules for windows
H01L0031047000	PV cell arrays including PV cells having multiple vertical junctions or multiple V-groove junctions formed in a semiconductor substrate
H01L0031047500	PV cell arrays made by cells in a planar, e.g. repetitive, configuration on a single semiconductor substrate; PV cell microarrays (PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate H01L0031046000)
H01L0031048000	Encapsulation of modules
H01L0031049000	Protective back sheets
H01L0031050000	Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells (electrodes H01L0031022400;electrical interconnection of thin film solar cells formed on a common substrate H01L0031046000;particular structures for electrical interconnecting of adjacent thin film solar cells in the module H01L0031046500;electrical interconnection means specially adapted for electrically connecting two or more PV modules H02S0040360000)
H01L0031052000	Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells (cooling means in combination with the PV module H02S0040420000)
H01L0031052500	including means to utilise heat energy directly associated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Seebeck elements
H01L0031053000	Energy storage means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. a capacitor integrated with a PV cell (energy storage means associated with the PV module H02S0040380000)
H01L0031054000	Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
H01L0031055000	where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
H01L0031056000	the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
H01L0031060000	characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L0031061000	the potential barriers being of the point-contact type (H01L0031070000 takes precedence)
H01L0031062000	the potential barriers being only of the metal-insulator-semiconductor type
H01L0031065000	the potential barriers being only of the graded gap type
H01L0031068000	the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
H01L0031068700	Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
H01L0031069300	the devices including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs or InP solar cells
H01L0031070000	the potential barriers being only of the Schottky type
H01L0031072000	the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
H01L0031072500	Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
H01L0031073000	comprising only AIIBVI compound semiconductors, e.g. CdS/CdTe solar cells
H01L0031073500	comprising only AIIIBV compound semiconductors, e.g. GaAs/AlGaAs or InP/GaInAs solar cells
H01L0031074000	comprising a heterojunction with an element of Group IV of the Periodic System, e.g. ITO/Si, GaAs/Si or CdTe/Si solar cells
H01L0031074500	comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells
H01L0031074700	comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer or HIT® solar cells
H01L0031074900	including a AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CdS/CuInSe2 [CIS] heterojunction solar cells
H01L0031075000	the potential barriers being only of the PIN type, e.g. amorphous silicon PIN solar cells
H01L0031076000	Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
H01L0031077000	the devices comprising monocrystalline or polycrystalline materials
H01L0031078000	including different types of potential barriers provided for in two or more of groups H01L0031061000-H01L0031075000
H01L0031080000	in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
H01L0031090000	Devices sensitive to infra-red, visible or ultra- violet radiation (H01L0031101000 takes precedence)
H01L0031100000	characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors
H01L0031101000	Devices sensitive to infra-red, visible or ultra-violet radiation
H01L0031102000	characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier
H01L0031103000	the potential barrier being of the PN homojunction type
H01L0031105000	the potential barrier being of the PIN type
H01L0031107000	the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiode
H01L0031108000	the potential barrier being of the Schottky type
H01L0031109000	the potential barrier being of the PN heterojunction type
H01L0031110000	characterised by two potential barriers or surface barriers, e.g. bipolar phototransistor
H01L0031111000	characterised by at least three potential barriers, e.g. photothyristor
H01L0031112000	characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect photo- transistor
H01L0031113000	being of the conductor-insulator- semiconductor type, e.g. metal- insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor
H01L0031115000	Devices sensitive to very short wavelength, e.g. X-rays, gamma-rays or corpuscular radiation
H01L0031117000	of the bulk effect radiation detector type, e.g. Ge-Li compensated PIN gamma-ray detectors
H01L0031118000	of the surface barrier or shallow PN junction detector type, e.g. surface barrier alpha-particle detectors
H01L0031119000	characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. MIS type detectors
H01L0031120000	structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto (electroluminescent light sources per seH05B0033000000)
H01L0031140000	the light source or sources being controlled by the semiconductor device sensitive to radiation, e.g. image converters, image amplifiers, image storage devices
H01L0031147000	the light sources and the devices sensitive to radiation all being semiconductor devices characterised by at least one potential or surface barrier
H01L0031153000	formed in, or on, a common substrate
H01L0031160000	the semiconductor device sensitive to radiation being controlled by the light source or sources
H01L0031167000	the light sources and the devices sensitive to radiation all being semiconductor devices characterised by at least one potential or surface barrier
H01L0031173000	formed in, or on, a common substrate
H01L0031180000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L0031200000	such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor material
H01L0033000000	Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof (H01L0051500000 takes precedence;devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor components formed in or on a common substrate and including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission H01L0027150000;semiconductor lasers H01S0005000000)
H01L0033020000	characterised by the semiconductor bodies
H01L0033040000	with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
H01L0033060000	within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
H01L0033080000	with a plurality of light emitting regions, e.g. laterally discontinuous light emitting layer or photoluminescent region integrated within the semiconductor body (H01L0027150000 takes precedence)
H01L0033100000	with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
H01L0033120000	with a stress relaxation structure, e.g. buffer layer
H01L0033140000	with a carrier transport control structure, e.g. highly-doped semiconductor layer or current-blocking structure
H01L0033160000	with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
H01L0033180000	within the light emitting region
H01L0033200000	with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
H01L0033220000	Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
H01L0033240000	of the light emitting region, e.g. non-planar junction
H01L0033260000	Materials of the light emitting region
H01L0033280000	containing only elements of group II and group VI of the periodic system
H01L0033300000	containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
H01L0033320000	containing nitrogen
H01L0033340000	containing only elements of group IV of the periodic system
H01L0033360000	characterised by the electrodes
H01L0033380000	with a particular shape
H01L0033400000	Materials therefor
H01L0033420000	Transparent materials
H01L0033440000	characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
H01L0033460000	Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
H01L0033480000	characterised by the semiconductor body packages
H01L0033500000	Wavelength conversion elements
H01L0033520000	Encapsulations
H01L0033540000	having a particular shape
H01L0033560000	Materials, e.g. epoxy or silicone resin
H01L0033580000	Optical field-shaping elements
H01L0033600000	Reflective elements
H01L0033620000	Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
H01L0033640000	Heat extraction or cooling elements
H01L0035000000	Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effect with or without other thermoelectric effects or thermomagnetic effects; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000)
H01L0035020000	Details
H01L0035040000	Structural details of the junction; Connections of leads
H01L0035060000	detachable, e.g. using a spring
H01L0035080000	non-detachable, e.g. cemented, sintered, soldered
H01L0035100000	Connections of leads
H01L0035120000	Selection of the material for the legs of the junction
H01L0035140000	using inorganic compositions
H01L0035160000	comprising tellurium or selenium or sulfur
H01L0035180000	comprising arsenic or antimony or bismuth (H01L0035160000 takes precedence)
H01L0035200000	comprising metals only (H01L0035160000, H01L0035180000 take precedence)
H01L0035220000	comprising compounds containing boron, carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen
H01L0035240000	using organic compositions
H01L0035260000	using compositions changing continuously or discontinuously inside the material
H01L0035280000	operating with Peltier or Seebeck effect only
H01L0035300000	characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
H01L0035320000	characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermo-couple forming the device
H01L0035340000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L0037000000	Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000)
H01L0037020000	using thermal change of dielectric constant, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
H01L0037040000	using thermal change of magnetic permeability, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
H01L0039000000	Devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000;superconductors characterised by the ceramic-forming technique or the ceramic composition C04B0035000000;superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines H01B0012000000;superconductive coils or windings H01F;amplifiers using superconductivity H03F0019000000)
H01L0039020000	Details
H01L0039040000	Containers; Mountings
H01L0039060000	characterised by the current path
H01L0039080000	characterised by the shape of the element
H01L0039100000	characterised by the means for switching
H01L0039120000	characterised by the material
H01L0039140000	Permanent superconductor devices
H01L0039160000	Devices switchable between superconductive and normal states
H01L0039180000	Cryotrons
H01L0039200000	Power cryotrons
H01L0039220000	Devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, e.g. Josephson-effect devices
H01L0039240000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of devices provided for in group H01L0039000000 or of parts thereof
H01L0041000000	Piezo-electric devices in general; Electrostrictive devices in general; Magnetostrictive devices in general; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000)
H01L0041020000	Details
H01L0041040000	of piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
H01L0041047000	Electrodes
H01L0041053000	Mounts, supports, enclosures or casings
H01L0041060000	of magnetostrictive elements
H01L0041080000	Piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
H01L0041083000	having a stacked or multilayer structure
H01L0041087000	formed as coaxial cables
H01L0041090000	with electrical input and mechanical output
H01L0041107000	with electrical input and electrical output
H01L0041113000	with mechanical input and electrical output
H01L0041120000	Magnetostrictive elements
H01L0041160000	Selection of materials
H01L0041180000	for piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
H01L0041187000	Ceramic compositions
H01L0041193000	Macromolecular compositions
H01L0041200000	for magnetostrictive elements
H01L0041220000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the assembly, manufacture or treatment of piezo-electric or electrostrictive devices or of parts thereof
H01L0041230000	Forming enclosures or casings
H01L0041250000	Assembling devices that include piezo-electric or electrostrictive parts
H01L0041253000	Treating devices or parts thereof to modify a piezo-electric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning
H01L0041257000	by polarising
H01L0041270000	Manufacturing multilayered piezo-electric or electrostrictive devices or parts thereof, e.g. by stacking piezo-electric bodies and electrodes
H01L0041273000	by integrally sintering piezo-electric or electrostrictive bodies and electrodes
H01L0041277000	by stacking bulk piezo-electric or electrostrictive bodies and electrodes
H01L0041290000	Forming electrodes, leads or terminal arrangements
H01L0041293000	Connection electrodes of multilayered piezo-electric or electrostrictive parts
H01L0041297000	Individual layer electrodes of multilayered piezo-electric or electrostrictive parts
H01L0041310000	Applying piezo-electric or electrostrictive parts or bodies onto an electrical element or another base
H01L0041311000	Mounting of piezo-electric or electrostrictive parts together with semiconductor elements, or other circuit elements, on a common substrate
H01L0041312000	by laminating or bonding of piezo-electric or electrostrictive bodies
H01L0041313000	by metal fusing or with adhesives
H01L0041314000	by depositing piezo-electric or electrostrictive layers, e.g. aerosol or screen printing
H01L0041316000	by vapour phase deposition
H01L0041317000	by liquid phase deposition
H01L0041318000	by sol-gel deposition
H01L0041319000	using intermediate layers, e.g. for growth control
H01L0041330000	Shaping or machining of piezo-electric or electrostrictive bodies
H01L0041331000	by coating or depositing using masks, e.g. lift-off
H01L0041332000	by etching, e.g. lithography
H01L0041333000	by moulding or extrusion
H01L0041335000	by machining
H01L0041337000	by polishing or grinding
H01L0041338000	by cutting or dicing
H01L0041339000	by punching
H01L0041350000	Forming piezo-electric or electrostrictive materials
H01L0041370000	Composite materials
H01L0041390000	Inorganic materials
H01L0041410000	by melting
H01L0041430000	by sintering
H01L0041450000	Organic materials
H01L0041470000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the assembly, manufacture or treatment of magnetostrictive devices or of parts thereof
H01L0043000000	Devices using galvano-magnetic or similar magnetic effects; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000)
H01L0043020000	Details
H01L0043040000	of Hall-effect devices
H01L0043060000	Hall-effect devices
H01L0043080000	Magnetic-field-controlled resistors
H01L0043100000	Selection of materials
H01L0043120000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L0043140000	for Hall-effect devices
H01L0045000000	Solid state devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating, or switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. dielectric triodes; Ovshinsky-effect devices; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000;devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity H01L0039000000;piezo-electric elements H01L0041000000;bulk negative resistance effect devices H01L0047000000)
H01L0045020000	Solid state travelling-wave devices
H01L0047000000	Bulk negative resistance effect devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027000000)
H01L0047020000	Gunn-effect devices
H01L0049000000	Solid state devices not provided for in groups H01L0027000000-H01L0047000000 and H01L0051000000 and not provided for in any other subclass; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof
H01L0049020000	Thin-film or thick-film devices
H01L0051000000	Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof (devices consisting of a plurality of components formed in or on a common substrate H01L0027280000;thermoelectric devices using organic material H01L0035000000, H01L0037000000;piezo-electric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements using organic material H01L0041000000)
H01L0051050000	specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; Capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L0051100000	Details of devices
H01L0051300000	Selection of materials
H01L0051400000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof
H01L0051420000	specially adapted for sensing infra-red radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, or corpuscular radiation; specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
H01L0051440000	Details of devices
H01L0051460000	Selection of materials
H01L0051480000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof
H01L0051500000	specially adapted for light emission, e.g. organic light emitting diodes (OLED) or polymer light emitting devices (PLED) (organic semiconductor lasers H01S0005360000)
H01L0051520000	Details of devices
H01L0051540000	Selection of materials
H01L0051560000	Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof
H01M	PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M0002000000	Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
H01M0002020000	Cases, jackets or wrappings
H01M0002040000	Lids or covers
H01M0002060000	Arrangements for introducing electric connectors into or through cases
H01M0002080000	Sealing materials
H01M0002100000	Mountings; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders (structural combination of accumulators with charging apparatus H01M0010460000)
H01M0002120000	Vent plugs or other mechanical arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
H01M0002140000	Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements
H01M0002160000	characterised by the material
H01M0002180000	characterised by the shape
H01M0002200000	Current-conducting connections for cells
H01M0002220000	Fixed connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
H01M0002240000	Intercell connections through partitions, e.g. in a battery case
H01M0002260000	Electrode connections
H01M0002280000	for lead-acid accumulators
H01M0002300000	Terminals
H01M0002320000	Methods or arrangements for affording protection against corrosion; Selection of materials therefor
H01M0002340000	with provision for preventing undesired use or discharge
H01M0002360000	Arrangements for filling, topping-up or emptying cases with or of liquid, e.g. for filling with electrolytes, for washing-out
H01M0002380000	Arrangements for moving electrolytes
H01M0002400000	with external circulating path (H01M0008040000 takes precedence)
H01M0004000000	Electrodes
H01M0004020000	Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M0004040000	Processes of manufacture in general
H01M0004060000	Electrodes for primary cells
H01M0004080000	Processes of manufacture
H01M0004100000	of pressed electrodes with central core, i.e. dollies
H01M0004120000	of consumable metal or alloy electrodes (use of alloy compositions as active materials H01M0004380000)
H01M0004130000	Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
H01M0004131000	Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M0004131500	containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
H01M0004133000	Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M0004134000	Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M0004136000	Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M0004137000	Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
H01M0004139000	Processes of manufacture
H01M0004139100	of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M0004139150	containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
H01M0004139300	of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M0004139500	of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M0004139700	of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M0004139900	of electrodes based on electro-active polymers
H01M0004140000	Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
H01M0004160000	Processes of manufacture
H01M0004180000	of Plante electrodes
H01M0004200000	of pasted electrodes
H01M0004210000	Drying of pasted electrodes
H01M0004220000	Forming of electrodes
H01M0004230000	Drying or preserving electrodes after forming
H01M0004240000	Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
H01M0004260000	Processes of manufacture
H01M0004280000	Precipitating active material on the carrier
H01M0004290000	by electrochemical methods
H01M0004300000	Pressing
H01M0004320000	Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
H01M0004340000	Silver oxide or hydroxide electrodes
H01M0004360000	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M0004380000	of elements or alloys
H01M0004400000	Alloys based on alkali metals
H01M0004420000	Alloys based on zinc
H01M0004440000	Alloys based on cadmium
H01M0004460000	Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
H01M0004480000	of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
H01M0004485000	of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M0004505000, H01M0004525000 take precedence)
H01M0004500000	of manganese
H01M0004505000	of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M0004520000	of nickel, cobalt or iron
H01M0004525000	of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M0004540000	of silver
H01M0004560000	of lead
H01M0004570000	of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
H01M0004580000	of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M0004583000	Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M0004587000	for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M0004600000	of organic compounds
H01M0004620000	Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M0004640000	Carriers or collectors
H01M0004660000	Selection of materials
H01M0004680000	for use in lead-acid accumulators
H01M0004700000	characterised by shape or form
H01M0004720000	Grids
H01M0004730000	for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
H01M0004740000	Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
H01M0004750000	Wires, rods, or strips
H01M0004760000	Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
H01M0004780000	Shapes other than plane or cylindrical, e.g. helical
H01M0004800000	Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
H01M0004820000	Multi-step processes for manufacturing carriers for lead-acid accumulators
H01M0004840000	involving casting
H01M0004860000	Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
H01M0004880000	Processes of manufacture
H01M0004900000	Selection of catalytic material
H01M0004920000	Metals of platinum group (H01M0004940000 takes precedence)
H01M0004940000	Non-porous diffusion electrodes, e.g. palladium membranes, ion exchange membranes
H01M0004960000	Carbon-based electrodes
H01M0004980000	Raney-type electrodes
H01M0006000000	Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
H01M0006020000	Details (of non-active parts H01M0002000000, of electrodes H01M0004000000)
H01M0006040000	Cells with aqueous electrolyte
H01M0006060000	Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
H01M0006080000	with cup-shaped electrodes
H01M0006100000	with wound or folded electrodes
H01M0006120000	with flat electrodes
H01M0006140000	Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
H01M0006160000	with organic electrolyte (H01M0006180000 takes precedence)
H01M0006180000	with solid electrolyte
H01M0006200000	working at high temperature (deferred-action thermal cells H01M0006360000)
H01M0006220000	Immobilising of electrolyte
H01M0006240000	Cells comprising two different electrolytes
H01M0006260000	Cells without oxidising active material, e.g. Volta cells
H01M0006280000	Standard cells, e.g. Weston cells
H01M0006300000	Deferred-action cells
H01M0006320000	activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
H01M0006340000	Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
H01M0006360000	containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
H01M0006380000	by mechanical means
H01M0006400000	Printed batteries
H01M0006420000	Grouping of primary cells into batteries (H01M0006400000 takes precedence)
H01M0006440000	of tubular or cup-shaped cells
H01M0006460000	of flat cells
H01M0006480000	with bipolar electrodes
H01M0006500000	Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. maintaining operating temperature
H01M0006520000	Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries
H01M0008000000	Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
H01M0008008000	Disposal or recycling of fuel cells
H01M0008020000	Details (electrodes H01M0004860000-H01M0004980000)
H01M0008020200	Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
H01M0008020400	Non-porous and characterised by the material
H01M0008020600	Metals or alloys
H01M0008020800	Alloys
H01M0008021000	Alloys based on iron
H01M0008021300	Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
H01M0008021500	Glass; Ceramic materials
H01M0008021700	Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type AMO3, A being an alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal and M being a metal, e.g. perovskites
H01M0008022100	Organic resins; Organic polymers
H01M0008022300	Composites
H01M0008022600	in the form of mixtures
H01M0008022800	in the form of layered or coated products
H01M0008023000	Porous and characterised by the material
H01M0008023200	Metals or alloys
H01M0008023400	Carbonaceous material
H01M0008023600	Glass; Ceramics; Cermets
H01M0008023900	Organic resins; Organic polymers
H01M0008024100	Composites
H01M0008024300	in the form of mixtures
H01M0008024500	in the form of layered or coated products
H01M0008024700	characterised by the form (characterised by a channel configuration H01M0008025800)
H01M0008025000	semicylindrical
H01M0008025200	tubular
H01M0008025400	corrugated or undulated
H01M0008025600	Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
H01M0008025800	characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M0008026000	characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M0008026300	having meandering or serpentine paths
H01M0008026500	the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M0008026700	having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M0008027100	Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
H01M0008027300	with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
H01M0008027600	Sealing means characterised by their form (H01M0008027300 takes precedence)
H01M0008028000	Sealing means characterised by their material
H01M0008028200	Inorganic material
H01M0008028400	Organic resins; Organic polymers
H01M0008028600	Processes for forming seals
H01M0008028900	Means for holding the electrolyte (solid polymer electrolytes H01M0008101800)
H01M0008029300	Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions
H01M0008029500	Matrices for immobilising electrolyte melts
H01M0008029700	Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other (H01M0008027100 takes precedence)
H01M0008040000	Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M0008040070	related to heat exchange
H01M0008040140	Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M0008040290	Heat exchange using liquids
H01M0008040440	Purification of heat exchange media
H01M0008040820	Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M0008040890	of gaseous reactants
H01M0008041110	using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M0008041190	with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
H01M0008041860	of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M0008042230	during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M0008042250	during start-up
H01M0008042280	during shut-down
H01M0008042760	Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
H01M0008042910	Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems (H01M0008041190 takes precedence)
H01M0008042980	Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
H01M0008043000	applied during specific periods
H01M0008043020	applied during start-up
H01M0008043030	applied during shut-down
H01M0008043130	characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
H01M0008043200	Temperature; Ambient temperature
H01M0008043800	Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
H01M0008044400	Concentration; Density (H01M0008044920 takes precedence)
H01M0008044920	Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
H01M0008045370	Electric variables
H01M0008046640	Failure or abnormal function
H01M0008046940	characterised by variables to be controlled
H01M0008047010	Temperature
H01M0008047460	Pressure; Flow
H01M0008047910	Concentration; Density (H01M0008048280 takes precedence)
H01M0008048280	Humidity; Water content
H01M0008048580	Electric variables
H01M0008049550	Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
H01M0008049920	characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
H01M0008060000	Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues (regenerative fuel cells H01M0008180000)
H01M0008060600	with means for production of gaseous reactants
H01M0008061200	from carbon-containing material
H01M0008063700	Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
H01M0008065000	by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
H01M0008065600	by electrochemical means (H01M0008065000 takes precedence)
H01M0008066200	Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M0008066800	Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M0008080000	Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
H01M0008083000	Alkaline fuel cells
H01M0008086000	Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
H01M0008100000	Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
H01M0008100400	characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] (H01M0008120000 takes precedence)
H01M0008100600	Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
H01M0008100700	with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised (H01M0008120000 takes precedence)
H01M0008100900	with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged (H01M0008120000 takes precedence)
H01M0008101100	Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
H01M0008101600	characterised by the electrolyte material (H01M0008120000 takes precedence)
H01M0008101800	Polymeric electrolyte materials
H01M0008102000	characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
H01M0008102300	having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
H01M0008102500	having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
H01M0008102700	having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
H01M0008103000	having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
H01M0008103200	having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
H01M0008103400	having phosphorus, e.g. sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
H01M0008103700	having silicon, e.g. sulfonated crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes
H01M0008103900	halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
H01M0008104100	Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
H01M0008104400	Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
H01M0008104600	Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
H01M0008104800	Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
H01M0008105100	Non-ion-conducting additives, e.g. stabilisers, SiO2 or ZrO2
H01M0008105300	consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
H01M0008105800	characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
H01M0008106000	characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
H01M0008106200	characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
H01M0008106500	characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped
H01M0008106700	characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
H01M0008106900	characterised by the manufacturing processes
H01M0008107200	by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
H01M0008108100	starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
H01M0008108600	After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
H01M0008108800	Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
H01M0008109700	Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
H01M0008120000	operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
H01M0008121300	characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
H01M0008122000	Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
H01M0008122600	characterised by the supporting layer
H01M0008123100	with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M0008123300	with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
H01M0008124000	characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
H01M0008124600	the electrolyte consisting of oxides
H01M0008125300	the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
H01M0008126000	the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
H01M0008128600	Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
H01M0008140000	Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
H01M0008160000	Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which micro-organisms function as catalysts
H01M0008180000	Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
H01M0008200000	Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible (H01M0008180000 takes precedence)
H01M0008220000	Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
H01M0008240000	Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
H01M0008240400	Processes or apparatus for grouping fuel cells
H01M0008241000	with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
H01M0008241800	Grouping by arranging unit cells in a plane (H01M0008242500, H01M0008244000 take precedence)
H01M0008242000	comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets (H01M0008242500, H01M0008244000 take precedence)
H01M0008242500	High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
H01M0008242800	Grouping by arranging unit cells on a surface of any form, e.g. planar or tubular
H01M0008243000	Grouping of unit cells of tubular or cylindrical configuration
H01M0008243200	Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
H01M0008243500	with monolithic core structure, e.g. honeycombs
H01M0008244000	with matrix-supported molten electrolyte
H01M0008245500	with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M0008245700	with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M0008246500	Details of groupings of fuel cells
H01M0008247000	Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
H01M0008247500	Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
H01M0008248000	Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
H01M0008248300	characterised by internal manifolds
H01M0008248400	characterised by external manifolds
H01M0008248500	Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
H01M0008249000	comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M0008249500	of fuel cells of different types
H01M0010000000	Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
H01M0010020000	Details (of non-active parts H01M0002000000, of electrodes H01M0004000000)
H01M0010040000	Construction or manufacture in general (H01M0010058000, H01M0010120000, H01M0010280000, H01M0010380000 take precedence)
H01M0010050000	Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte (H01M0010390000 takes precedence)
H01M0010052000	Li-accumulators
H01M0010052500	Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
H01M0010054000	Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
H01M0010056000	characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
H01M0010056100	the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
H01M0010056200	Solid materials
H01M0010056300	Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
H01M0010056400	the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
H01M0010056500	Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
H01M0010056600	Liquid materials
H01M0010056700	characterised by the additives
H01M0010056800	characterised by the solutes
H01M0010056900	characterised by the solvents
H01M0010058000	Construction or manufacture
H01M0010058300	of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with ‘’Z’’-shaped electrodes or separators
H01M0010058500	of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M0010058700	of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
H01M0010060000	Lead-acid accumulators (semi-lead accumulators H01M0010200000)
H01M0010080000	Selection of materials as electrolytes
H01M0010100000	Immobilising of electrolyte
H01M0010120000	Construction or manufacture
H01M0010140000	Assembling a group of electrodes or separators
H01M0010160000	Suspending or supporting electrodes or groups of electrodes in the case
H01M0010180000	with bipolar electrodes
H01M0010200000	Semi-lead accumulators, i.e. accumulators in which only one electrode contains lead
H01M0010220000	Selection of materials as electrolytes
H01M0010240000	Alkaline accumulators
H01M0010260000	Selection of materials as electrolytes
H01M0010280000	Construction or manufacture
H01M0010300000	Nickel accumulators (H01M0010340000 takes precedence)
H01M0010320000	Silver accumulators (H01M0010340000 takes precedence)
H01M0010340000	Gastight accumulators
H01M0010360000	Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M0010050000-H01M0010340000
H01M0010380000	Construction or manufacture
H01M0010390000	working at high temperature
H01M0010420000	Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells (H01M0010600000 takes precedence)
H01M0010440000	Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J0007000000)
H01M0010460000	Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus (circuits for charging H02J0007000000)
H01M0010480000	Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating condition, e.g. level or density of the electrolyte
H01M0010520000	Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption (vent plugs or other mechanical arrangements for facilitating escape of gases H01M0002120000)
H01M0010540000	Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
H01M0010600000	Heating or cooling; Temperature control
H01M0010610000	Types of temperature control
H01M0010613000	Cooling or keeping cold
H01M0010615000	Heating or keeping warm
H01M0010617000	for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
H01M0010620000	specially adapted for specific applications
H01M0010623000	Portable devices, e.g. mobile telephones, cameras or pacemakers
H01M0010623500	Power tools
H01M0010625000	Vehicles
H01M0010627000	Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
H01M0010630000	Control systems (measurement of temperature H01M0010480000;charging or discharging in response to temperature H01M0010440000)
H01M0010633000	characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
H01M0010635000	based on ambient temperature
H01M0010637000	characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching (H01M0002340000 takes precedence)
H01M0010640000	characterised by the shape of the cells
H01M0010643000	Cylindrical cells
H01M0010647000	Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
H01M0010650000	Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
H01M0010651000	characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
H01M0010652000	characterised by gradients (for achieving a desired temperature gradient H01M0010617000)
H01M0010653000	characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M0010654000	located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
H01M0010655000	Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
H01M0010655100	Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
H01M0010655200	Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
H01M0010655300	Terminals or leads
H01M0010655400	Rods or plates
H01M0010655500	arranged between the cells
H01M0010655600	Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange (closed pipes H01M0010655200)
H01M0010655700	arranged between the cells
H01M0010656000	characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
H01M0010656100	Gases
H01M0010656200	with free flow by convection only
H01M0010656300	with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
H01M0010656400	using compressed gas
H01M0010656500	with recirculation or U-turn in the flow path, i.e. back and forth
H01M0010656600	Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers (H01M0010656500 takes precedence)
H01M0010656700	Liquids
H01M0010656800	characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
H01M0010656900	Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation (heat pipes H01M0010655200)
H01M0010657000	by electric or electromagnetic means
H01M0010657100	Resistive heaters (arrangements for heating the battery by its resistance to the internal current H01M0010637000)
H01M0010657200	Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
H01M0010658000	by thermal insulation or shielding
H01M0010659000	by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
H01M0010659500	by chemical reactions other than electrochemical reactions of the cells, e.g. catalytic heaters or burners
H01M0010660000	Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
H01M0010663000	the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
H01M0010667000	the system being an electronic component, e.g. a CPU, an inverter or a capacitor
H01M0012000000	Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof (hybrid capacitors H01G0011000000)
H01M0012020000	Details (of non-active parts H01M0002000000, of electrodes H01M0004000000)
H01M0012040000	composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
H01M0012060000	with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M0012080000	composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M0014000000	Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M0006000000-H01M0012000000; Manufacture thereof
H01M0016000000	Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
H01P	WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B)
H01P0001000000	Auxiliary devices (coupling devices of the waveguide type H01P0005000000)
H01P0001020000	Bends; Corners; Twists
H01P0001040000	Fixed joints
H01P0001060000	Movable joints, e.g. rotating joints
H01P0001080000	Dielectric windows
H01P0001100000	for switching or interrupting
H01P0001110000	by ferromagnetic devices
H01P0001120000	by mechanical chopper
H01P0001140000	by electric discharge devices (discharge devices H01J0017640000)
H01P0001150000	by semiconductor devices
H01P0001160000	for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
H01P0001161000	sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
H01P0001162000	absorbing spurious or unwanted modes of propagation
H01P0001163000	specifically adapted for selection or promotion of the TE01 circular-electric mode
H01P0001165000	for rotating the plane of polarisation
H01P0001170000	for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
H01P0001175000	using Faraday rotators
H01P0001180000	Phase-shifters (H01P0001165000 takes precedence)
H01P0001185000	using a diode or a gas filled discharge tube
H01P0001190000	using a ferromagnetic device
H01P0001195000	having a toroidal shape
H01P0001200000	Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
H01P0001201000	Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves (H01P0001212000, H01P0001213000, H01P0001215000, H01P0001219000 take precedence)
H01P0001202000	Coaxial filters (cascaded coaxial cavities H01P0001205000)
H01P0001203000	Strip line filters
H01P0001205000	Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities (H01P0001203000 takes precedence)
H01P0001207000	Hollow waveguide filters (H01P0001212000, H01P0001213000, H01P0001215000, H01P0001219000 take precedence)
H01P0001208000	Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure (H01P0001205000 takes precedence)
H01P0001209000	comprising one or more branching arms or cavities wholly outside the main waveguide
H01P0001211000	Waffle-iron filters; Corrugated structures
H01P0001212000	suppressing or attenuating harmonic frequencies (H01P0001215000 takes precedence)
H01P0001213000	combining or separating two or more different frequencies (H01P0001215000 takes precedence)
H01P0001215000	using ferromagnetic material
H01P0001217000	the ferromagnetic material acting as a tuning element in resonators
H01P0001218000	the ferromagnetic material acting as a frequency selective coupling element, e.g. YIG-filters
H01P0001219000	Evanescent mode filters
H01P0001220000	Attenuating devices (dissipative terminating devices H01P0001260000)
H01P0001230000	using ferromagnetic material
H01P0001240000	Terminating devices
H01P0001260000	Dissipative terminations
H01P0001280000	Short-circuiting plungers
H01P0001300000	for compensation of, or protection against, temperature or moisture effects
H01P0001320000	Non-reciprocal transmission devices (H01P0001020000-H01P0001300000 take precedence)
H01P0001360000	Isolators
H01P0001365000	Resonance absorption isolators
H01P0001370000	Field displacement isolators
H01P0001375000	using Faraday rotators
H01P0001380000	Circulators
H01P0001383000	Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
H01P0001387000	Strip line circulators
H01P0001390000	Hollow waveguide circulators
H01P0001393000	using Faraday rotators
H01P0001397000	using non-reciprocal phase shifters (H01P0001393000 takes precedence)
H01P0003000000	Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
H01P0003020000	with two longitudinal conductors
H01P0003040000	Lines formed as Lecher wire pairs
H01P0003060000	Coaxial lines
H01P0003080000	Microstrips; Strip lines
H01P0003100000	Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor
H01P0003120000	Hollow waveguides (H01P0003200000 takes precedence)
H01P0003123000	with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides (H01P0003140000 takes precedence)
H01P0003127000	with a circular, elliptic, or parabolic cross-section
H01P0003130000	specially adapted for transmission of the TE01 circular-electric mode
H01P0003140000	flexible
H01P0003160000	Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
H01P0003180000	built-up from several layers to increase operating surface, i.e. alternately conductive and dielectric layers
H01P0003200000	Quasi-optical arrangements for guiding a wave, e.g. focusing by dielectric lenses
H01P0005000000	Coupling devices of the waveguide type
H01P0005020000	with invariable factor of coupling (H01P0005120000 takes precedence)
H01P0005040000	with variable factor of coupling
H01P0005080000	for linking lines or devices of different kinds (H01P0001160000, H01P0005040000 take precedence;linking lines of the same kind but with different dimensions H01P0005020000)
H01P0005100000	for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
H01P0005103000	Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions
H01P0005107000	Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
H01P0005120000	Coupling devices having more than two ports (H01P0005040000 takes precedence)
H01P0005160000	Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
H01P0005180000	consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
H01P0005190000	of the junction type
H01P0005200000	Magic-T junctions
H01P0005220000	Hybrid ring junctions
H01P0007000000	Resonators of the waveguide type
H01P0007020000	Lecher resonators
H01P0007040000	Coaxial resonators
H01P0007060000	Cavity resonators
H01P0007080000	Strip line resonators
H01P0007100000	Dielectric resonators
H01P0009000000	Delay lines of the waveguide type
H01P0009020000	Helical lines
H01P0009040000	Interdigital lines
H01P0011000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
H01Q	AERIALS (radiators or aerials for microwave heating H05B0006720000)
H01Q0001000000	Details of, or arrangements associated with, aerials (arrangements for varying orientation of directional pattern H01Q0003000000)
H01Q0001020000	Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out
H01Q0001040000	Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
H01Q0001060000	Means for the lighting or illuminating of aerials, e.g. for purpose of warning
H01Q0001080000	Means for collapsing aerials or parts thereof (collapsible loop aerials H01Q0007020000;means for collapsing H-aerials or Yagi aerials H01Q0019040000)
H01Q0001100000	Telescopic elements
H01Q0001120000	Supports; Mounting means
H01Q0001140000	for wire or other non-rigid radiating elements
H01Q0001160000	Strainers, spreaders, or spacers
H01Q0001180000	Means for stabilising aerials on an unstable platform
H01Q0001200000	Resilient mountings
H01Q0001220000	by structural association with other equipment or articles
H01Q0001240000	with receiving set
H01Q0001260000	with electric discharge tube
H01Q0001270000	Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies (H01Q0001080000, H01Q0001120000, H01Q0001180000 take precedence)
H01Q0001280000	Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
H01Q0001300000	Means for trailing aerials
H01Q0001320000	Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
H01Q0001340000	Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes (for subaqueous use H01Q0001040000)
H01Q0001360000	Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella (H01Q0001080000, H01Q0001140000 take precedence)
H01Q0001380000	formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
H01Q0001400000	Radiating elements coated with, or embedded in, protective material
H01Q0001420000	Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
H01Q0001440000	using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an aerial (H01Q0001270000-H01Q0001340000 take precedence)
H01Q0001460000	Electric supply lines or communication lines
H01Q0001480000	Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
H01Q0001500000	Structural association of aerials with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
H01Q0001520000	Means for reducing coupling between aerials; Means for reducing coupling between an aerial and another structure (absorbing means H01Q0017000000)
H01Q0003000000	Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an aerial or aerial system
H01Q0003010000	varying the shape of the aerial or aerial system
H01Q0003020000	using mechanical movement of aerial or aerial system as a whole
H01Q0003040000	for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
H01Q0003060000	over a restricted angle
H01Q0003080000	for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
H01Q0003100000	to produce a conical or spiral scan
H01Q0003120000	using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of aerials or aerial systems
H01Q0003140000	for varying the relative position of primary active element and a refracting or diffracting device
H01Q0003160000	for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
H01Q0003180000	wherein the primary active element is movable and the reflecting device is fixed
H01Q0003200000	wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable
H01Q0003220000	varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
H01Q0003240000	varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
H01Q0003260000	varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture (H01Q0003220000, H01Q0003240000 take precedence)
H01Q0003280000	varying the amplitude
H01Q0003300000	varying the phase
H01Q0003320000	by mechanical means
H01Q0003340000	by electrical means (active lenses or reflecting arrays H01Q0003460000)
H01Q0003360000	with variable phase-shifters
H01Q0003380000	the phase-shifters being digital
H01Q0003400000	with phasing matrix
H01Q0003420000	using frequency-mixing
H01Q0003440000	varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
H01Q0003460000	Active lenses or reflecting arrays
H01Q0005000000	Arrangements for simultaneous operation of aerials on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements (combinations of separate active aerial units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system H01Q0021300000)
H01Q0005100000	Resonant aerials
H01Q0005150000	for operation of centre-fed aerials comprising one or more collinear, substantially straight or elongated active elements
H01Q0005200000	characterised by the operating wavebands
H01Q0005220000	RF wavebands combined with non-RF wavebands, e.g. infrared or optical
H01Q0005250000	Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
H01Q0005280000	Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
H01Q0005300000	Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
H01Q0005307000	Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
H01Q0005314000	using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
H01Q0005321000	within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
H01Q0005328000	between a radiating element and ground
H01Q0005335000	at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
H01Q0005342000	for different propagation modes (H01Q0005314000 takes precedence)
H01Q0005350000	using two or more simultaneously fed points
H01Q0005357000	using a single feed point
H01Q0005364000	Creating multiple current paths
H01Q0005371000	Branching current paths 
H01Q0005378000	Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
H01Q0005385000	Two or more parasitic elements
H01Q0005392000	the parasitic elements having dual-band or multi-band characteristics
H01Q0005400000	Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
H01Q0005420000	using two or more imbricated arrays (H01Q0005490000 takes precedence)
H01Q0005450000	using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
H01Q0005470000	with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds
H01Q0005480000	Combinations of two or more dipole type aerials
H01Q0005490000	with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi aerials
H01Q0005500000	Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
H01Q0005550000	for horn or waveguide aerials
H01Q0007000000	Loop aerials with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q0007020000	Collapsible aerials; Retractable aerials
H01Q0007040000	Screened aerials (H01Q0007020000, H01Q0007060000 take precedence)
H01Q0007060000	with core of ferromagnetic material (H01Q0007020000 takes precedence)
H01Q0007080000	Ferrite rod or like elongated core
H01Q0009000000	Electrically-short aerials having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
H01Q0009020000	Non-resonant aerials
H01Q0009040000	Resonant aerials
H01Q0009060000	Details
H01Q0009080000	Junction boxes specially adapted for supporting adjacent ends of collinear rigid elements
H01Q0009100000	Junction boxes specially adapted for supporting adjacent ends of divergent elements
H01Q0009120000	adapted for adjustment of angle between elements
H01Q0009140000	Length of element or elements adjustable (telescopic elements H01Q0001100000)
H01Q0009160000	with feed intermediate between the extremities of the aerial, e.g. centre-fed dipole (H01Q0009440000 takes precedence)
H01Q0009180000	Vertical disposition of the aerial
H01Q0009200000	Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements (H01Q0009280000 takes precedence)
H01Q0009220000	Rigid rod or equivalent tubular element or elements
H01Q0009240000	Shunt feed arrangements to single active elements, e.g. for delta matching
H01Q0009260000	with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength (resonant loop aerials H01Q0007000000)
H01Q0009270000	Spiral aerials
H01Q0009280000	Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines (waveguide horns or mouths H01Q0013000000;slot aerials H01Q0013000000)
H01Q0009300000	with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole (H01Q0009440000 takes precedence)
H01Q0009320000	Vertical arrangement of element (H01Q0009400000 takes precedence)
H01Q0009340000	Mast, tower, or like self-supporting or stay-supported aerials
H01Q0009360000	with top loading
H01Q0009380000	with counterpoise (with counterpoise comprising elongated elements coplanar with the active element H01Q0009440000)
H01Q0009400000	Element having extended radiating surface
H01Q0009420000	with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
H01Q0009430000	Scimitar aerials
H01Q0009440000	with plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-aerial; with plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions (combinations of two or more active elements H01Q0021000000;turnstile aerials H01Q0021260000)
H01Q0009460000	with rigid elements diverging from single point
H01Q0011000000	Electrically-long aerials having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements (leaky-waveguide aerials, slot aerials H01Q0013000000)
H01Q0011020000	Non-resonant aerials, e.g. travelling-wave aerial (Yagi aerials H01Q0019300000)
H01Q0011040000	with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the aerial (H01Q0011060000-H01Q0011100000 take precedence)
H01Q0011060000	Rhombic aerials; V-aerials
H01Q0011080000	Helical aerials
H01Q0011100000	Log-periodic aerials (H01Q0011080000 takes precedence)
H01Q0011120000	Resonant aerials
H01Q0011140000	with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the aerial or to obtain desired polarisation effects (H01Q0011200000 takes precedence)
H01Q0011160000	in which the selected sections are collinear
H01Q0011180000	in which the selected sections are parallelly spaced
H01Q0011200000	V-aerials
H01Q0013000000	Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot aerials; Leaky-waveguide aerials; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
H01Q0013020000	Waveguide horns
H01Q0013040000	Biconical horns (biconical dipoles comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by a two-conductor transmission line H01Q0009280000)
H01Q0013060000	Waveguide mouths (horns H01Q0013020000)
H01Q0013080000	Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
H01Q0013100000	Resonant slot aerials
H01Q0013120000	Longitudinally slotted cylinder aerials; Equivalent structures
H01Q0013140000	Skeleton cylinder aerials
H01Q0013160000	Folded slot aerials
H01Q0013180000	the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity (longitudinally slotted cylinder H01Q0013120000)
H01Q0013200000	Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line aerials; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
H01Q0013220000	Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
H01Q0013240000	constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe (H01Q0013280000 takes precedence)
H01Q0013260000	Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor
H01Q0013280000	comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
H01Q0015000000	Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction, or polarisation of waves radiated from an aerial, e.g. quasi-optical devices (variable for purpose of altering directivity H01Q0003000000;arrangements of such devices for guiding waves H01P0003200000;variable for purpose of modulation H03C0007020000)
H01Q0015020000	Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
H01Q0015040000	comprising wave-guiding channel or channels bounded by effective conductive surfaces substantially perpendicular to the electric vector of the wave, e.g. parallel-plate waveguide lens
H01Q0015060000	comprising plurality of wave-guiding channels of different length
H01Q0015080000	formed of solid dielectric material
H01Q0015100000	comprising three-dimensional array of impedance discontinuities, e.g. holes in conductive surfaces or conductive discs forming artificial dielectric
H01Q0015120000	functioning also as polarisation filter
H01Q0015140000	Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
H01Q0015160000	curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
H01Q0015180000	comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
H01Q0015200000	Collapsible reflectors
H01Q0015220000	functioning also as polarisation filter
H01Q0015230000	Combinations of reflecting surfaces with refracting or diffracting devices
H01Q0015240000	Polarising devices; Polarisation filters (H01Q0015120000, H01Q0015220000 take precedence)
H01Q0017000000	Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an aerial; Combinations of such devices with active aerial elements or systems
H01Q0019000000	Combinations of primary active aerial elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the aerial a desired directional characteristic
H01Q0019020000	Details
H01Q0019040000	Means for collapsing H-aerials or Yagi aerials
H01Q0019060000	using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
H01Q0019080000	for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
H01Q0019090000	wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material (protective material H01Q0001400000;varying the elecric or magnetic characteristics of refracting or diffracting devices H01Q0003440000)
H01Q0019100000	using reflecting surfaces
H01Q0019120000	wherein the surfaces are concave (H01Q0019180000 takes precedence)
H01Q0019130000	the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination (H01Q0019150000 takes precedence)
H01Q0019150000	the primary radiating source being a line source, e.g. leaky waveguide aerials
H01Q0019170000	the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements (H01Q0019150000, H01Q0025000000 take precedence)
H01Q0019180000	having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces (H01Q0019200000 takes precedence)
H01Q0019185000	wherein the surfaces are plane
H01Q0019190000	comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
H01Q0019195000	wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device
H01Q0019200000	Producing pencil beam by two cylindrical focusing devices with their focal lines orthogonally disposed
H01Q0019220000	using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
H01Q0019240000	the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. H-aerial
H01Q0019260000	the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
H01Q0019280000	using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements (log-periodic aerials H01Q0011100000;constituting a reflecting surface H01Q0019100000)
H01Q0019300000	the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi aerial
H01Q0019320000	the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
H01Q0021000000	Aerial arrays or systems (arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an aerial or aerial system H01Q0003000000)
H01Q0021060000	Arrays of individually energised aerial units similarly polarised and spaced apart
H01Q0021080000	the units being spaced along, or adjacent to, a rectilinear path
H01Q0021100000	Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
H01Q0021120000	Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units (travelling-wave aerials comprising transmission line loaded with transverse elements H01Q0011020000;Yagi aerials H01Q0019300000)
H01Q0021140000	Adcock aerials
H01Q0021160000	U-type
H01Q0021180000	H-type
H01Q0021200000	the units being spaced along, or adjacent to, a curvilinear path
H01Q0021220000	Aerial units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array, binomial array
H01Q0021240000	Combinations of aerial units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
H01Q0021260000	Turnstile or like aerials comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
H01Q0021280000	Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting aerial units or systems
H01Q0021290000	Combinations of different interacting aerial units for giving a desired directional characteristic (H01Q0025000000 takes precedence)
H01Q0021300000	Combinations of separate aerial units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
H01Q0023000000	Aerials with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
H01Q0025000000	Aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiating patterns (arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q0003000000)
H01Q0025020000	providing sum and difference patterns (H01Q0025040000 takes precedence)
H01Q0025040000	Multimode aerials
H01R	ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS (switches, fuses H01H;coupling devices of the waveguide type H01P0005000000;switching arrangements for the supply or distribution of electric power H02B;installations of electric cables or lines, or of combined optical and electric cables or lines, or of auxiliary apparatus H02G;printed means for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits H05K)
H01R0003000000	Electrically-conductive connections not otherwise provided for
H01R0003080000	for making connection to a liquid (electrodes for batteries or accumulators H01M)
H01R0004000000	Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation (details of contacts of coupling devices H01R0013000000;coupling devices H01R0012700000, H01R0024000000-H01R0033000000;flexible or turnable line connectors H01R0035000000 non-rotary current collectors H01R0041000000)
H01R0004010000	Connections using shape memory materials, e.g. shape memory metal
H01R0004020000	Soldered or welded connections (H01R0004620000, H01R0012590000, H01R0012650000 take precedence)
H01R0004040000	using electrically conductive adhesives
H01R0004060000	Riveted connections (by explosion H01R0004080000)
H01R0004080000	effected by an explosion
H01R0004100000	effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
H01R0004120000	by twisting
H01R0004140000	by wrapping
H01R0004160000	by bending
H01R0004180000	by crimping (H01R0004010000, H01R0004240000 take precedence)
H01R0004200000	using a crimping sleeve
H01R0004220000	End caps, i.e. caps of insulating or conductive material for covering or maintaining connections between wires entering the cap from the same end
H01R0004240000	Connections using needle-point, slotted-plate, or analogous contact members penetrating insulation or cable strands
H01R0004260000	Connections in which at least one of the connecting parts has projections which bite into or engage the other connecting part in order to improve the contact (using shape memory materials H01R0004010000)
H01R0004280000	Clamped connections; Spring connections (made by means of terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits H01R0012000000)
H01R0004300000	using a screw or nut clamping member (H01R0004500000 takes precedence;using a clamping member acted on by screw or nut H01R0004380000)
H01R0004320000	Conductive members located in slot or hole in screw
H01R0004340000	Conductive members located under head of screw
H01R0004360000	Conductive members located under tip of screw
H01R0004380000	using a clamping member acted on by screw or nut (H01R0004500000 takes precedence)
H01R0004400000	Pivotable clamping member
H01R0004420000	Clamping area to one side of screw only
H01R0004440000	Clamping areas on both sides of screw
H01R0004460000	Clamping area between two screws placed side by side
H01R0004480000	using a spring, clip or other resilient member (H01R0004520000 takes precedence)
H01R0004500000	using a cam, wedge, cone or ball
H01R0004520000	which is spring loaded
H01R0004560000	one conductor screwing into another
H01R0004580000	characterised by the form or material of the contacting members (H01R0004010000 takes precedence)
H01R0004600000	Connections between or with tubular conductors (H01R0004560000 takes precedence)
H01R0004620000	Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors (H01R0004680000 takes precedence)
H01R0004640000	Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail
H01R0004660000	Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
H01R0004680000	Connections to or between superconductive conductors
H01R0004700000	Insulation of connections (end caps H01R0004220000)
H01R0004720000	using a heat shrinking insulating sleeve
H01R0009000000	Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor (details of direct connections or connections using contact members penetrating insulation H01R0004000000;specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures H01R0012000000;coupling devices H01R0012700000, H01R0024000000-H01R0033000000;flexible or turnable line connectors H01R0035000000)
H01R0009030000	Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable
H01R0009050000	for coaxial cables
H01R0009053000	using contact members penetrating insulation
H01R0009110000	End pieces for multiconductor cables supported by the cable and for facilitating connections to other conductive members
H01R0009150000	Connectors for wire wrapping
H01R0009160000	Fastening of connecting parts to base or case; Insulating connecting parts from base or case (lead-through insulators H01B0017260000)
H01R0009180000	Fastening by means of screw or nut
H01R0009200000	Fastening by means of rivet or eyelet
H01R0009220000	Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel
H01R0009240000	Terminal blocks
H01R0009260000	Clip-on terminal blocks for side-by-side rail or strip-mounting
H01R0009280000	Terminal boards
H01R0011000000	Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts (connections between members in direct contact H01R0004000000;structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements H01R0009000000;coupling devices H01R0012700000, H01R0024000000-H01R0029000000, H01R0033000000;flexible or turnable line connectors H01R0035000000)
H01R0011010000	characterised by the form or arrangement of the conductive interconnection between their connecting locations
H01R0011030000	characterised by the type of the connecting locations on the individual element or by the type of the connections between the connecting locations and the conductive members (H01R0011110000 takes precedence)
H01R0011050000	the connecting locations having different types of direct connections
H01R0011070000	the connecting locations being of the same type but different sizes
H01R0011090000	the connecting locations being identical
H01R0011110000	End pieces or tapping pieces for wires or cables, supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member (H01R0011010000 takes precedence)
H01R0011120000	End pieces terminating in an eye, hook, or fork
H01R0011140000	the hook being adapted for hanging on overhead or other suspended lines, e.g. hot line clamp
H01R0011150000	Hook in the form of a screw clamp
H01R0011160000	End pieces terminating in a soldering tip or socket
H01R0011180000	End pieces terminating in a probe
H01R0011200000	End pieces terminating in a needle point or analogous contact for penetrating insulation or cable strands
H01R0011220000	End pieces terminating in a spring clip
H01R0011240000	with gripping jaws, e.g. crocodile clip
H01R0011260000	End pieces terminating in a screw clamp, screw or nut
H01R0011280000	End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve
H01R0011300000	End pieces held in contact by a magnet
H01R0011320000	End pieces with two or more terminations
H01R0012000000	Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards (PCBs), flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures (printed connections to, or between, printed circuits H05K0001110000)
H01R0012500000	Fixed connections
H01R0012510000	for rigid printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012520000	connecting to other rigid printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012530000	connecting to cables except for flat or ribbon cables
H01R0012550000	characterised by the terminals
H01R0012570000	surface mounting terminals
H01R0012580000	terminals for insertion into holes
H01R0012590000	for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
H01R0012610000	connecting to flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
H01R0012620000	connecting to rigid printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012630000	connecting to another shape cable
H01R0012650000	characterised by the terminal
H01R0012670000	insulation penetrating terminals
H01R0012680000	comprising deformable portions
H01R0012690000	deformable terminals e.g. crimping terminals
H01R0012700000	Coupling devices
H01R0012710000	for rigid printing circuits or like structures
H01R0012720000	coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012730000	connecting to other rigid printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012750000	connecting to cables except for flat or ribbon cables
H01R0012770000	for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
H01R0012780000	connecting to other flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
H01R0012790000	connecting to rigid printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012810000	connecting to another cable except for flat or ribbon cable
H01R0012820000	connected with low or zero insertion force
H01R0012830000	connected with pivoting of printed circuits or like after insertion
H01R0012850000	contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures
H01R0012870000	acting automatically by insertion of rigid printed or like structures
H01R0012880000	acting manually by rotating or pivoting connector housing parts
H01R0012890000	acting manually by moving connector housing parts linearly e.g. slider
H01R0012910000	allowing relative movement between coupling parts e.g. floating or self aligning
H01R0013000000	Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R0012700000 or H01R0024000000-H01R0033000000
H01R0013020000	Contact members
H01R0013030000	characterised by the material, e.g. plating or coating materials
H01R0013040000	Pins or blades for co-operation with sockets
H01R0013050000	Resilient pins or blades (carrying separate resilient parts H01R0013150000)
H01R0013080000	Resiliently-mounted rigid pins or blades
H01R0013100000	Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
H01R0013110000	Resilient sockets (carrying separate resilient parts H01R0013150000)
H01R0013115000	U-shaped sockets having inwardly-bent legs
H01R0013140000	Resiliently-mounted rigid sockets
H01R0013150000	Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure
H01R0013170000	the spring member being on the pin
H01R0013180000	with the spring member surrounding the socket
H01R0013187000	the spring member being in the socket
H01R0013193000	Means for increasing contact pressure at the end of engagement of coupling part
H01R0013200000	Pins, blades, or sockets shaped, or provided with separate member, to retain co-operating parts together
H01R0013207000	by screw-in connection
H01R0013213000	by bayonet connection
H01R0013220000	Contacts for co-operating by abutting
H01R0013240000	resilient; resiliently mounted
H01R0013260000	Pin or blade contacts for sliding co-operation on one side only
H01R0013280000	Contacts for sliding co-operation with identically-shaped contact, e.g. for hermaphroditic coupling devices
H01R0013330000	Contact members made of resilient wire
H01R0013350000	for non-simultaneous co-operation with different types of contact member, e.g. socket co-operating with either round or flat pin
H01R0013400000	Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
H01R0013405000	Securing in non-demountable manner, e.g. moulding, riveting
H01R0013410000	by frictional grip in grommet, panel or base
H01R0013415000	by permanent deformation of contact member
H01R0013420000	Securing in a demountable manner
H01R0013422000	in resilient one-piece base or case; One-piece base or case formed with resilient locking means
H01R0013424000	in base or case composed of a plurality of insulating parts having at least one resilient insulating part
H01R0013426000	by separate resilient retaining piece supported by base or case, e.g. collar
H01R0013428000	by resilient locking means on the contact members; by locking means on resilient contact members
H01R0013432000	by stamped-out resilient tongue snapping behind shoulder in base or case
H01R0013434000	by separate resilient locking means on contact member, e.g. retainer collar or ring around contact member
H01R0013436000	Securing a plurality of contact members by one locking piece
H01R0013440000	Means for preventing access to live contacts
H01R0013443000	Dummy plugs
H01R0013447000	Shutter or cover plate
H01R0013453000	Shutter or cover plate opened by engagement of counterpart
H01R0013460000	Bases; Cases
H01R0013500000	formed as an integral body (H01R0013514000 takes precedence)
H01R0013502000	composed of different pieces (H01R0013514000 takes precedence)
H01R0013504000	different pieces being moulded, cemented, welded, e.g. ultrasonic, or swaged together
H01R0013506000	assembled by snap action of the parts
H01R0013508000	assembled by clip or spring
H01R0013512000	assembled by screw or screws
H01R0013514000	formed as a modular block or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
H01R0013516000	Means for holding or embracing insulating body, e.g. casing
H01R0013518000	for holding or embracing several coupling parts, e.g. frames
H01R0013520000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
H01R0013523000	for use under water
H01R0013527000	Flameproof cases (H01R0013700000 takes precedence)
H01R0013530000	Bases or cases for heavy duty; Bases or cases with means for preventing corona or arcing
H01R0013533000	Bases or cases made for use in extreme conditions, e.g. high temperature, radiation, vibration, corrosive environment, pressure (H01R0013520000 takes precedence)
H01R0013560000	Means for preventing chafing or fracture of flexible leads at outlet from coupling part
H01R0013580000	Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip
H01R0013585000	Grip increasing with strain force
H01R0013590000	Threaded ferrule or bolt operating in a direction parallel to the cable or wire
H01R0013595000	Bolts operating in a direction transverse to the cable or wire
H01R0013600000	Means for supporting coupling part when not engaged
H01R0013620000	Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
H01R0013621000	Bolt, set screw or screw clamp
H01R0013622000	Screw-ring or screw-casing (H01R0013623000 takes precedence)
H01R0013623000	Casing or ring with helicoidal groove
H01R0013625000	Casing or ring with bayonet engagement
H01R0013627000	Snap-action fastening
H01R0013629000	Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure
H01R0013631000	for engagement only
H01R0013633000	for disengagement only
H01R0013635000	by mechanical pressure, e.g. spring force
H01R0013637000	by fluid pressure, e.g. explosion
H01R0013639000	Additional means for holding or locking coupling parts together after engagement
H01R0013640000	Means for preventing, inhibiting or avoiding incorrect coupling
H01R0013641000	by indicating incorrect coupling; by indicating correct or full engagement
H01R0013642000	by position or shape of contact members
H01R0013645000	by exchangeable elements on case or base
H01R0013646000	specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match (non-coaxed protective earth or shield arrangements H01R0013648000-H01R0013659900;coaxed connectors specifically adapted for high frequency H01R0024400000-H01R0024560000)
H01R0013646100	Means for preventing cross-talk
H01R0013646300	using twisted pairs of wires
H01R0013646400	by adding capacitive elements
H01R0013646600	on substrates, e.g. PCBs [Printed Circuit Boards]
H01R0013646700	by cross-over of signal conductors
H01R0013646900	on substrates
H01R0013647100	by special arrangement of ground and signal conductors, e.g. GSGS [Ground-Signal-Ground-Signal]
H01R0013647300	Impedance matching
H01R0013647400	by variation of conductive properties, e.g. by variation of dimensions
H01R0013647600	by making an aperture, e.g. a hole
H01R0013647700	by variation of dielectric properties
H01R0013648000	Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices (coaxially arranged shields H01R0024380000)
H01R0013652000	with earth pin, blade or socket
H01R0013655000	with earth brace
H01R0013658000	High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
H01R0013658100	Shield structure
H01R0013658200	with resilient means for engaging mating connector
H01R0013658300	with separate conductive resilient members between mating shield members
H01R0013658400	formed by conductive elastomeric members, e.g. flat gaskets or O-rings
H01R0013658500	Shielding material individually surrounding or interposed between mutually spaced contacts
H01R0013658600	for separating multiple connector modules
H01R0013658700	for mounting on PCBs
H01R0013658800	with through openings for individual contacts
H01R0013658900	with wires separated by conductive housing parts
H01R0013659000	with plural ports for distinct connectors
H01R0013659100	Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members
H01R0013659200	the conductive member being a shielded cable
H01R0013659300	the shield being composed of different pieces
H01R0013659400	the shield being mounted on a PCB and connected to conductive members
H01R0013659500	with separate members fixing the shield to the PCB
H01R0013659600	the conductive member being a metal grounding panel
H01R0013659700	the conductive member being a contact of the connector
H01R0013659800	Shield material
H01R0013659900	Dielectric material made conductive, e.g. plastic material coated with metal
H01R0013660000	Structural association with built-in electrical component (coupling devices having concentrically or coaxially-arranged contacts H01R0024380000-H01R0024560000)
H01R0013680000	with built-in fuse
H01R0013684000	the fuse being removable
H01R0013688000	with housing part adapted for accessing the fuse
H01R0013692000	Turnable housing part
H01R0013696000	the fuse being integral with the terminal, e.g. pin or socket
H01R0013700000	with built-in switch
H01R0013703000	operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts (H01R0013710000 takes precedence)
H01R0013707000	interlocked with contact members or counterpart
H01R0013710000	Contact members of coupling parts operating as switch
H01R0013713000	the switch being a safety switch
H01R0013717000	with built-in light source
H01R0013719000	specially adapted for high frequency, e.g. with filters
H01R0013719300	with ferrite filters
H01R0013719500	with planar filters with openings for contacts
H01R0013719700	with filters integral with or fitted onto contacts, e.g. tubular filters
H01R0013720000	Means for accommodating flexible lead within the holder
H01R0013730000	Means for mounting coupling parts to apparatus or structures, e.g. to a wall
H01R0013740000	for mounting coupling parts in openings of a panel
H01R0024000000	Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure (specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like structures H01R0012000000;specially adapted for supporting apparatus H01R0033000000)
H01R0024200000	Coupling parts carrying sockets, clips or analogous contacts and secured only to wire or cable
H01R0024220000	with additional earth or shield contacts
H01R0024280000	Coupling parts carrying pins, blades or analogous contacts and secured only to wire or cable
H01R0024300000	with additional earth or shield contacts
H01R0024380000	having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
H01R0024400000	specially adapted for high frequency
H01R0024420000	comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
H01R0024440000	comprising impedance matching means
H01R0024460000	comprising switches
H01R0024480000	comprising protection devices, e.g. overvoltage protection
H01R0024500000	mounted on a PCB [Printed Circuit Board]
H01R0024520000	mounted in or to a panel or structure
H01R0024540000	Intermediate parts, e.g. adapters, splitters or elbows
H01R0024560000	specially adapted for specific shapes of cables, e.g. corrugated cables, twisted pair cables, cables with two screens or hollow cables
H01R0024580000	Contacts spaced along longitudinal axis of engagement
H01R0024600000	Contacts spaced along planar side wall transverse to longitudinal axis of engagement
H01R0024620000	Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices
H01R0024640000	for high frequency, e.g. RJ 45
H01R0024660000	with pins, blades or analogous contacts and secured to apparatus or structure, e.g. to a wall
H01R0024680000	mounted on directly pluggable apparatus
H01R0024700000	with additional earth or shield contacts
H01R0024760000	with sockets, clips or analogous contacts and secured to apparatus or structure, e.g. to a wall
H01R0024780000	with additional earth or shield contacts
H01R0024840000	Hermaphroditic coupling devices
H01R0024860000	Parallel contacts arranged about a common axis
H01R0025000000	Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits (supported only by co-operation with a counterpart H01R0031000000;with a holder adapted for supporting apparatus to which its counterpart is attached H01R0033880000)
H01R0025140000	Rails or bus-bars constructed so that the counterparts can be connected thereto at any point along their length (supporting elements for lighting devices, displaceable along guiding elements and making electrical contact with conductors running along the guiding elements F21V0021350000;installations of bus-bars H02G0005000000)
H01R0025160000	Rails or bus-bars provided with a plurality of discrete connecting locations for counterparts (installations of bus-bars H02G0005000000)
H01R0027000000	Coupling parts adapted for co-operation with two or more dissimilar counterparts (supported only by co-operation with a counterpart H01R0031000000;with a holder adapted for supporting apparatus to which its counterpart is attached H01R0033900000)
H01R0027020000	for simultaneous co-operation with two or more counterparts
H01R0029000000	Coupling parts for selective co-operation with a counterpart in different ways to establish different circuits, e.g. for voltage selection, for series/parallel selection
H01R0031000000	Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart
H01R0031020000	Intermediate parts for distributing energy to two or more circuits in parallel, e.g. splitter (for linking two coupling parts H01R0031060000;with a holder adapted for supporting apparatus to which its counterpart is attached H01R0033920000)
H01R0031060000	Intermediate parts for linking two coupling parts, e.g. adapter (with a holder adapted for supporting apparatus to which its counterpart is attached H01R0033940000)
H01R0031080000	Short-circuiting members for bridging contacts in a counterpart (insulating members inserted between normally-closed contacts H01H0027040000)
H01R0033000000	Coupling devices specially adapted for supporting apparatus and having one part acting as a holder providing support and electrical connection via a counterpart which is structurally associated with the apparatus, e.g. lamp holders; Separate parts thereof (structural association of counterpart with specific apparatus, see the relevant subclass for the apparatus)
H01R0033020000	Single-pole devices, e.g. holder for supporting one end of a tubular incandescent or neon lamp
H01R0033050000	Two-pole devices
H01R0033060000	with two current-carrying pins, blades, or analogous contacts, having their axes parallel to each other
H01R0033080000	for supporting tubular fluorescent lamp
H01R0033090000	for baseless lamp bulb
H01R0033180000	having only abutting contacts
H01R0033200000	having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
H01R0033220000	for screw type base, e.g. for lamp
H01R0033460000	for bayonet type base
H01R0033720000	Three-pole devices
H01R0033740000	Devices having four or more poles
H01R0033760000	Holders with sockets, clips or analogous contacts, adapted for axially-sliding engagement with parallely-arranged pins, blades, or analogous contacts on counterpart, e.g. electronic tube socket
H01R0033880000	adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts
H01R0033900000	adapted for co-operation with two or more dissimilar counterparts
H01R0033920000	Holders formed as intermediate parts for distributing energy in parallel through two or more counterparts at least one of which is attached to apparatus to be held
H01R0033940000	Holders formed as intermediate parts for linking a counter-part to a coupling part
H01R0033945000	Holders with built-in electrical component
H01R0033950000	with fuse; with thermal switch
H01R0033955000	with switch operated manually and independent of engagement or disengagement of coupling
H01R0033960000	with switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling
H01R0033965000	Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof holders
H01R0033970000	Holders with separate means to prevent loosening of the coupling or unauthorised removal of apparatus held
H01R0033975000	Holders with resilient means for protecting apparatus against vibrations or shocks
H01R0035000000	Flexible or turnable line connectors (rotary current collectors, distributors H01R0039000000)
H01R0035020000	Flexible line connectors
H01R0035040000	Turnable line connectors with limited rotation angle
H01R0039000000	Rotary current collectors, distributors, or interrupters (cam-operated switches H01H0019000000;structural associations of current collectors with, or disposition of current collectors in, dynamo-electric motors or generators H02K0013000000)
H01R0039020000	Details
H01R0039040000	Commutators (wherein the segments are formed by extensions of dynamo-electric machine winding H02K)
H01R0039060000	other than with external cylindrical contact surface, e.g. flat commutators
H01R0039080000	Slip-rings
H01R0039100000	other than with external cylindrical contact surface, e.g. flat slip-rings
H01R0039120000	using bearing or shaft surface as contact surface
H01R0039140000	Fastenings of commutators or slip-rings to shafts
H01R0039160000	by means of moulded or cast material applied during or after assembly
H01R0039180000	Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
H01R0039200000	characterised by the material thereof
H01R0039220000	incorporating lubricating or polishing ingredient
H01R0039240000	Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres
H01R0039260000	Solid sliding contacts, e.g. carbon brush
H01R0039270000	End caps on carbon brushes to transmit spring pressure
H01R0039280000	Roller contacts; Ball contacts
H01R0039300000	Liquid contacts
H01R0039320000	Connections of conductor to commutator segment
H01R0039340000	Connections of conductor to slip-ring
H01R0039360000	Connections of cable or wire to brush
H01R0039380000	Brush holders
H01R0039390000	wherein the brush is fixedly mounted in the holder
H01R0039400000	enabling brush movement within holder during current collection
H01R0039410000	cartridge type
H01R0039415000	with self-recoiling spring
H01R0039420000	Devices for lifting brushes
H01R0039440000	Devices for shifting brushes
H01R0039460000	Auxiliary means for improving current transfer, or for reducing or preventing sparking or arcing
H01R0039480000	by air blast; by surrounding collector with non-conducting liquid or gas
H01R0039500000	Barriers placed between brushes
H01R0039520000	by use of magnets
H01R0039540000	by use of impedance between brushes or segments
H01R0039560000	Devices for lubricating or polishing slip-rings or commutators during operation of the collector
H01R0039580000	Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear
H01R0039590000	Means structurally associated with the brushes for interrupting current (H01R0039580000 takes precedence)
H01R0039600000	Devices for interrupted current collection, e.g. commutating device, distributor, interrupter (self-interrupters H01H, e.g. H01H0051340000)
H01R0039620000	with more than one brush co-operating with the same set of segments
H01R0039640000	Devices for uninterrupted current collection
H01R0041000000	Non-rotary current collectors for maintaining contact between moving and stationary parts of an electric circuit (end pieces terminating in a hook or the like H01R0011120000;current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L0005000000)
H01R0041020000	Devices for interrupted current collection, e.g. distributor (electrically-operated selector switches H01H0067000000)
H01R0043000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors (of trolley lines B60M0001280000;joining cables H02G0001140000)
H01R0043010000	for connecting unstripped conductors to contact members having insulation cutting edges
H01R0043020000	for soldered or welded connections (soldering or welding in general B23K)
H01R0043027000	for connecting conductors by clips
H01R0043033000	for wrapping or unwrapping wire connections
H01R0043040000	for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
H01R0043042000	Hand tools for crimping
H01R0043045000	with contact member feeding mechanism
H01R0043048000	Crimping apparatus or processes (H01R0043042000 takes precedence)
H01R0043050000	with wire-insulation stripping
H01R0043052000	with wire-feeding mechanism
H01R0043055000	with contact member feeding mechanism
H01R0043058000	Crimping mandrels
H01R0043060000	Manufacture of commutators
H01R0043080000	in which segments are not separated until after assembly
H01R0043100000	Manufacture of slip-rings
H01R0043120000	Manufacture of brushes
H01R0043140000	Maintenance of current collectors, e.g. reshaping of brushes, cleaning of commutators
H01R0043160000	for manufacturing contact members, e.g. by punching and by bending
H01R0043180000	for manufacturing bases or cases for contact members
H01R0043200000	for assembling or disassembling contact members with insulating base, case or sleeve
H01R0043220000	Hand tools
H01R0043240000	Assembling by moulding on contact members
H01R0043260000	for engaging or disengaging the two parts of a coupling device (structural association with coupling device H01R0013629000)
H01R0043280000	for wire processing before connecting to contact members (H01R0043020000-H01R0043260000 take precedence)
H01R0101000000	Indexing scheme associated with group H01R0024000000, relating to the number of poles in a two-part coupling device.
H01R0101000000	One pole
H01R0103000000	Two poles
H01R0105000000	Three poles
H01R0107000000	Four or more poles
H01S	DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
H01S0001000000	Masers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of electromagnetic waves of wavelength longer than that of infra-red waves
H01S0001020000	solid
H01S0001040000	liquid
H01S0001060000	gaseous
H01S0003000000	Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves (semiconductor lasers H01S0005000000)
H01S0003020000	Constructional details
H01S0003030000	of gas laser discharge tubes
H01S0003032000	for confinement of the discharge, e.g. by special features of the discharge constricting tube
H01S0003034000	Optical devices within, or forming part of, the tube, e.g. windows, mirrors (reflectors having variable properties or positions for initial adjustment of the resonator H01S0003086000)
H01S0003036000	Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired gas pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering or replenishing; Means for circulating the gas, e.g. for equalising the pressure within the tube
H01S0003038000	Electrodes, e.g. special shape, configuration or composition
H01S0003040000	Cooling arrangements
H01S0003041000	for gas lasers
H01S0003042000	for solid state lasers
H01S0003050000	Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
H01S0003060000	Construction or shape of active medium
H01S0003063000	Waveguide lasers, e.g. laser amplifiers
H01S0003067000	Fibre lasers
H01S0003070000	consisting of a plurality of parts, e.g. segments (H01S0003067000 takes precedence)
H01S0003080000	Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
H01S0003081000	comprising more than two reflectors
H01S0003082000	defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection
H01S0003083000	Ring lasers
H01S0003086000	One or more reflectors having variable properties or positions for initial adjustment of the resonator (varying a parameter of the laser output during operation H01S0003100000;stabilisation of the laser output H01S0003130000)
H01S0003090000	Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
H01S0003091000	using optical pumping
H01S0003091500	by incoherent light
H01S0003092000	of flash lamp (H01S0003093700 takes precedence)
H01S0003093000	focusing or directing the excitation energy into the active medium
H01S0003093300	of a semiconductor, e.g. light emitting diode
H01S0003093700	produced by exploding or combustible material
H01S0003094000	by coherent light
H01S0003094100	of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode
H01S0003094300	of a gas laser
H01S0003094700	of an organic dye laser
H01S0003095000	using chemical or thermal pumping
H01S0003095100	by increasing the pressure in the laser gas medium
H01S0003095300	Gas dynamic lasers, i.e. with expansion of the laser gas medium to supersonic flow speeds
H01S0003095500	using pumping by high energy particles
H01S0003095700	by high energy nuclear particles
H01S0003095900	by an electron beam
H01S0003097000	by gas discharge of a gas laser
H01S0003097100	transversely excited (H01S0003097500 takes precedence)
H01S0003097300	having a travelling wave passing through the active medium
H01S0003097500	using inductive or capacitive excitation
H01S0003097700	having auxiliary ionisation means
H01S0003097900	Gas dynamic lasers, i.e. with expansion of the laser gas medium to supersonic flow speeds
H01S0003098000	Mode locking; Mode suppression (mode suppression using a plurality of resonators H01S0003082000)
H01S0003100000	Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating (mode locking H01S0003098000)
H01S0003101000	Lasers provided with means to change the location from which, or the direction in which, laser radiation is emitted
H01S0003102000	by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation (H01S0003130000 takes precedence)
H01S0003104000	in gas lasers
H01S0003105000	by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity (H01S0003130000 takes precedence)
H01S0003105500	one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
H01S0003106000	by controlling a device placed within the cavity (H01S0003130000 takes precedence)
H01S0003107000	using an electro-optical device, e.g. exhibiting Pockels- or Kerr-effect
H01S0003108000	using a non-linear optical device, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin- or Raman-scattering
H01S0003109000	Frequency multiplying, e.g. harmonic generation
H01S0003110000	in which the quality factor of the optical resonator is rapidly changed, i.e. giant-pulse technique
H01S0003113000	using bleachable or solarising media
H01S0003115000	using an electro-optical device
H01S0003117000	using an acousto-optical device
H01S0003121000	using a mechanical device
H01S0003123000	Rotating mirror
H01S0003125000	Rotating prism
H01S0003127000	Plural Q-switches
H01S0003130000	Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency, amplitude
H01S0003131000	by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
H01S0003134000	in gas lasers
H01S0003136000	by controlling a device placed within the cavity
H01S0003137000	for stabilising of frequency
H01S0003139000	by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
H01S0003140000	characterised by the material used as the active medium
H01S0003160000	Solid materials
H01S0003170000	amorphous, e.g. glass
H01S0003200000	Liquids
H01S0003207000	including a chelate
H01S0003213000	including an organic dye
H01S0003220000	Gases
H01S0003223000	the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing more than one atom (H01S0003227000 takes precedence)
H01S0003225000	comprising an excimer or exciplex
H01S0003227000	Metal vapour
H01S0003230000	Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S0003020000-H01S0003140000, e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media (involving only semiconductor lasers H01S0005400000)
H01S0003300000	using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S0004000000	Devices using stimulated emission of wave energy other than those covered by groups H01S0001000000, H01S0003000000 or H01S0005000000, e.g. phonon maser, gamma maser
H01S0005000000	Semiconductor lasers
H01S0005020000	Structural details or components not essential to laser action
H01S0005022000	Mountings; Housings
H01S0005024000	Cooling arrangements
H01S0005026000	Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors or drivers (stabilisation of output H01S0005060000)
H01S0005028000	Coatings
H01S0005040000	Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping (H01S0005060000 takes precedence)
H01S0005042000	Electrical excitation
H01S0005060000	Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
H01S0005062000	by varying the potential of the electrodes (H01S0005065000 takes precedence)
H01S0005062500	in multi-section lasers
H01S0005065000	Mode locking; Mode suppression; Mode selection
H01S0005068000	Stabilisation of laser output parameters (H01S0005062500 takes precedence)
H01S0005068300	by monitoring the optical output parameters
H01S0005068700	Stabilising the frequency of the laser
H01S0005100000	Construction or shape of the optical resonator
H01S0005120000	the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feed-back [DFB] lasers (H01S0005180000 takes precedence)
H01S0005125000	Distributed Bragg reflector [DBR] lasers
H01S0005140000	External cavity lasers (H01S0005180000 takes precedence;mode locking H01S0005065000)
H01S0005160000	Window-type lasers, i.e. with a region of non-absorbing material between the active region and the reflecting surface (H01S0005140000 takes precedence)
H01S0005180000	Surface-emitting [SE] lasers
H01S0005183000	having a vertical cavity [VCSE-lasers]
H01S0005187000	using a distributed Bragg reflector [SE-DBR-lasers] (H01S0005183000 takes precedence)
H01S0005200000	Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave
H01S0005220000	having a ridge or a stripe structure
H01S0005223000	Buried stripe structure (H01S0005227000 takes precedence)
H01S0005227000	Buried mesa structure
H01S0005240000	having a grooved structure, e.g. V-grooved
H01S0005300000	Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
H01S0005320000	comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- hetero-structures (H01S0005340000, H01S0005360000 take precedence)
H01S0005323000	in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser
H01S0005327000	in AIIBVI compounds, e.g. ZnCdSe-laser
H01S0005340000	comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well lasers [SQW-lasers], multiple quantum well lasers [MQW-lasers] or graded index separate confinement heterostructure lasers [GRINSCH-lasers] (H01S0005360000 takes precedence)
H01S0005343000	in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser
H01S0005347000	in AIIBVI compounds, e.g. ZnCdSe-laser
H01S0005360000	comprising organic materials
H01S0005400000	Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S0005020000-H01S0005300000 (H01S0005500000 takes precedence)
H01S0005420000	Arrays of surface emitting lasers
H01S0005500000	Amplifier structures not provided for in groups H01S0005020000-H01S0005300000
H01T	SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES (overvoltage protection circuits H02H)
H01T0001000000	Details of spark gaps
H01T0001020000	Means for extinguishing arc
H01T0001040000	using magnetic blow-out
H01T0001060000	with permanent magnet
H01T0001080000	using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
H01T0001100000	with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc
H01T0001120000	Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
H01T0001140000	Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure (H01T0001150000, H01T0001160000, H01T0001180000 take precedence;emergency protective circuit arrangements for spark gap arresters H02H0007240000)
H01T0001150000	for protection against excessive pressure
H01T0001160000	Series resistor structurally associated with spark gap
H01T0001180000	Electrolytic device structurally associated with spark gap
H01T0001200000	Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
H01T0001220000	by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
H01T0001240000	Selection of materials for electrodes (H01T0001220000 takes precedence)
H01T0002000000	Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means (triggering circuits H01T0015000000)
H01T0002020000	comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
H01T0004000000	Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps (H01T0002000000 takes precedence;overvoltage protection circuits using spark gaps H02H0009060000)
H01T0004020000	Details
H01T0004040000	Housings (H01T0004060000 takes precedence)
H01T0004060000	Mounting arrangements for a plurality of overvoltage arresters
H01T0004080000	structurally associated with protected apparatus (with switches H01H0009140000;with fuses H01H0085440000)
H01T0004100000	having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
H01T0004120000	hermetically sealed
H01T0004140000	Arcing horns (associated with insulators H01B0017460000)
H01T0004160000	having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
H01T0004180000	Arrangements for reducing height of stacked spark gaps
H01T0004200000	Arrangements for improving potential distribution
H01T0007000000	Rotary spark gaps, i.e. devices having one or more rotating electrodes
H01T0009000000	Spark gaps specially adapted for generating oscillations
H01T0011000000	Spark gaps specially adapted as rectifiers
H01T0013000000	Sparking plugs
H01T0013020000	Details
H01T0013040000	Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs
H01T0013050000	combined with interference suppressing or shielding means
H01T0013060000	Covers forming a part of the plug and protecting it against adverse environment
H01T0013080000	Mounting, fixing, or sealing of sparking plugs, e.g. in combustion chamber
H01T0013100000	by bayonet-type connection
H01T0013120000	Means on sparking plugs for facilitating engagement by tool or by hand
H01T0013140000	Means for self-cleaning
H01T0013160000	Means for dissipating heat
H01T0013180000	Means for heating, e.g. for drying
H01T0013200000	characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
H01T0013220000	having two or more electrodes embedded in insulation (sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps H01T0013460000)
H01T0013240000	having movable electrodes (H01T0013280000 takes precedence)
H01T0013260000	for adjusting spark gap otherwise than by bending of electrode
H01T0013280000	having spherically shaped electrodes, e.g. ball-shaped
H01T0013300000	mounted so as to permit free movement
H01T0013320000	characterised by features of the earthed electrode
H01T0013340000	characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
H01T0013360000	characterised by the joint between insulation and body, e.g. using cement
H01T0013380000	Selection of materials for insulation
H01T0013390000	Selection of materials for electrodes
H01T0013400000	structurally combined with other devices (combined or associated with fuel injectors F02M0057060000;structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines F02P0013000000)
H01T0013410000	with interference suppressing or shielding means
H01T0013420000	with magnetic spark generators
H01T0013440000	with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
H01T0013460000	having two or more spark gaps
H01T0013480000	having means for rendering sparks visible
H01T0013500000	having means for ionisation of gap (H01T0013520000 takes precedence)
H01T0013520000	characterised by a discharge along a surface
H01T0013540000	having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
H01T0013560000	characterised by having component parts which are easily assembled or disassembled
H01T0013580000	Testing (testing characteristics of the spark in internal-combustion engine ignition F02P0017120000)
H01T0013600000	of electrical properties
H01T0014000000	Spark gaps not provided for in groups H01T0002000000-H01T0013000000 (devices providing for corona discharge H01T0019000000)
H01T0015000000	Circuits specially adapted for spark gaps, e.g. ignition circuits (ignition circuits for internal-combustion engines F02P;electric spark ignition for combustion apparatus F23Q;protection circuits using spark gaps H02H0009060000)
H01T0019000000	Devices providing for corona discharge (for charging electrographic elements G03G0015020000)
H01T0019020000	Corona rings
H01T0019040000	having pointed electrodes
H01T0021000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
H01T0021020000	of sparking plugs
H01T0021040000	Cleaning (means for self-cleaning H01T0013140000;abrasive blasting devices for cleaning sparking plugs B24C0003340000)
H01T0021060000	Adjustment of spark gaps (sparking plugs having movable electrodes for adjusting the gap H01T0013260000)
H01T0023000000	Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
H02	GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
H02B	BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS, OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER (basic electric elements, their assembly, including the mounting in enclosures or on bases, or the mounting of covers thereon, see the subclasses for such elements, e.g. transformers H01F, switches, fuses H01H, line connectors H01R;installation of electric cables or lines, or of combined optical and electric cables or lines, or other conductors for supply or distribution H02G)
H02B0001000000	Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
H02B0001010000	Frameworks
H02B0001015000	Boards, panels, desks; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
H02B0001030000	for energy meters
H02B0001040000	Mounting thereon of switches or of other devices in general, the switch or device having, or being without, casing
H02B0001044000	Mounting through openings
H02B0001048000	Snap mounting
H02B0001052000	Mounting on rails
H02B0001056000	Mounting on plugboards
H02B0001060000	having associated enclosures, e.g. for preventing access to live parts (shutters or guards for contacts H02B0001140000)
H02B0001140000	Shutters or guards for preventing access to contacts (shielding of isolating-contacts in withdrawable switchgear H02B0011240000)
H02B0001160000	Earthing arrangements (earthing arrangements for substations H02B0005010000, for switchgear H02B0011280000, H02B0013075000;earth plates, pins, or other contacts H01R0004660000)
H02B0001180000	Disposition or arrangement of fuses (for switchgear having a withdrawable carriage H02B0011260000)
H02B0001200000	Bus-bar or other wiring layouts, e.g. in cubicles, in switchyards (installations of bus-bars H02G0005000000)
H02B0001210000	Bus-bar arrangements for rack-mounted devices with withdrawable units
H02B0001220000	Layouts for duplicate bus-bar selection
H02B0001240000	Circuit arrangements for boards or switchyards (devices for displaying diagrams H02B0015000000;service supply H02J0011000000)
H02B0001260000	Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor (adapted for a single switch H01H;enclosures for cables, lines or bus-bars H02G;distribution, connection or junction boxes H02G0003080000;casings in general H05K)
H02B0001280000	dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof or flameproof
H02B0001300000	Cabinet-type casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
H02B0001320000	Mounting of devices therein
H02B0001340000	Racks
H02B0001360000	with withdrawable units
H02B0001380000	Hinged covers or doors
H02B0001400000	Wall-mounted casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
H02B0001420000	Mounting of devices therein
H02B0001440000	Hinged covers or doors
H02B0001460000	Boxes; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
H02B0001480000	Mounting of devices therein
H02B0001500000	Pedestal- or pad-mounted casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
H02B0001520000	Mobile units, e.g. for work sites
H02B0001540000	Anti-seismic devices or installations (for buildings in general E04B0001980000)
H02B0001560000	Cooling; Ventilation
H02B0003000000	Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture, assembly, or maintenance of boards or switchgear
H02B0005000000	Non-enclosed substations; Substations with enclosed and non-enclosed equipment
H02B0005010000	Earthing arrangements, e.g. earthing rods
H02B0005020000	mounted on pole, e.g. pole transformer substation
H02B0005060000	gas-insulated
H02B0007000000	Enclosed substations, e.g. compact substations
H02B0007010000	gas-insulated
H02B0007060000	Distribution substations, e.g. for urban network (H02B0007010000 takes precedence)
H02B0007080000	Underground substations
H02B0011000000	Switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation
H02B0011020000	Details
H02B0011040000	Isolating-contacts, e.g. mountings, shieldings (shutters or guards for isolating contacts H02B0001140000, H02B0011240000;switch contacts H01H;line connectors in general H01R)
H02B0011060000	Means for duplicate bus-bar selection (layouts for duplicate bus-bar selection H02B0001220000)
H02B0011080000	Oil-tank lowering means associated with withdrawal mechanism
H02B0011100000	Indicating electrical condition of gear; Arrangement of test sockets
H02B0011120000	with isolation by horizontal withdrawal
H02B0011127000	Withdrawal mechanism
H02B0011133000	with interlock (interlock for switches in general H01H)
H02B0011167000	truck type (H02B0011127000 takes precedence)
H02B0011173000	drawer type (H02B0011127000 takes precedence)
H02B0011180000	with isolation by vertical withdrawal
H02B0011200000	having an enclosure
H02B0011220000	wherein front of enclosure moves with carriage upon horizontal withdrawal subsequent to isolation
H02B0011240000	Shutters or guards
H02B0011260000	Arrangement of fuses, resistors, voltage arresters or the like
H02B0011280000	Earthing arrangements
H02B0013000000	Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle (in association with main transformer H02B0005000000, H02B0007000000;switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation H02B0011000000)
H02B0013010000	with resin casing
H02B0013020000	with metal casing
H02B0013025000	Safety arrangements, e.g. in case of excessive pressure or fire due to electrical defect (for buildings in general E04B0001940000;devices for opening or closing safety wings E05F0001000000;emergency protective circuit arrangements for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems, or for switching devices H02H0007220000)
H02B0013035000	Gas-insulated switchgear
H02B0013045000	Details of casing, e.g. gas tightness (gas reservoirs for switches H01H0033560000)
H02B0013055000	Features relating to the gas (selection of fluids for switches H01H0033220000)
H02B0013065000	Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects (for switches H01H0009500000, H01H0033260000, H01H0033530000)
H02B0013075000	Earthing arrangements
H02B0013080000	with stone, brick, or concrete casing
H02B0015000000	Supervisory desks or panels for centralised control or display (desks in general A47B)
H02B0015020000	with mimic diagrams
H02B0015040000	consisting of building blocks
H02B0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H02G	INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES (insulated conductors or cables with arrangements for facilitating mounting or securing H01B0007400000;distribution points incorporating switches H02B;guiding telephone cords H04M0001150000;cable ducts or mountings for telephone or telegraph exchange installations H04Q0001060000)
H02G0001000000	Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing, or dismantling electric cables or lines
H02G0001020000	for overhead lines or cables
H02G0001040000	for mounting or stretching (wire stretchers in general B25B0025000000)
H02G0001060000	for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle (combined with trench digging or back-filling machines or dredgers E02F0005000000)
H02G0001080000	through tubing or conduit, e.g. rod or draw wire for pushing or pulling
H02G0001100000	in or under water
H02G0001120000	for removing insulation or armouring from cables, e.g. from the end thereof (pliers in general B25B;cutters in general B26B;insulated conductors or cables with arrangements for facilitating removal of insulation H01B0007380000)
H02G0001140000	for joining or terminating cables (joining electric conductors H01R0043000000)
H02G0001160000	for repairing insulation or armouring of cables
H02G0003000000	Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles (installations of bus-bars H02G0005000000;overhead installations H02G0007000000;installations in or on the ground H02G0009000000;channels or vertical ducts for receiving utility lines E04F0017080000;wiring of electric apparatus in general H05K)
H02G0003020000	Details
H02G0003030000	Cooling
H02G0003040000	Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders, cable troughs (pipes or tubing in general F16L)
H02G0003060000	Joints for connecting lengths of protective tubing to each other or to casings, e.g. to distribution box; Ensuring electrical continuity in the joint
H02G0003080000	Distribution boxes; Connection or junction boxes (cable terminations H02G0015020000)
H02G0003100000	for surface mounting on a wall
H02G0003120000	for flush mounting
H02G0003140000	Fastening of cover or lid to box
H02G0003160000	structurally associated with support for line-connecting terminals within the box (terminals H01R0009000000)
H02G0003180000	providing line outlets
H02G0003200000	Ceiling roses
H02G0003220000	Installations of cables or lines through walls, floors, or ceilings, e.g. into buildings (devices for use where pipes or cables pass through walls or partitions F16L0005000000;lead-in or lead-through insulators H01B0017260000;insulating tubes or sleeves H01B0017580000)
H02G0003300000	Installations of cables or lines on walls, floors or ceilings (supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing F16L0003000000;hose-clips F16L0033020000)
H02G0003320000	using mounting clamps
H02G0003340000	using separate protective tubing
H02G0003360000	Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings (H02G0003220000 takes precedence)
H02G0003380000	the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts
H02G0003400000	using separate protective tubing in the conduits or ducts
H02G0005000000	Installations of bus-bars
H02G0005020000	Open installations
H02G0005040000	Partially-enclosed installations, e.g. in ducts and adapted for sliding or rolling current collection (non-rotary current collectors H01R0041000000)
H02G0005060000	Totally-enclosed installations, e.g. in metal casings
H02G0005080000	Connection boxes therefor
H02G0005100000	Cooling
H02G0007000000	Overhead installations of electric lines or cables (installations of bus-bars H02G0005000000;trolley wires or contact lines for electric railways B60M;fastening conductors to insulators H01B0017000000, e.g. H01B0017060000, H01B0017160000, H01B0017220000;protection against abnormal electric conditions H01H;hook contacts for temporary connections to overhead lines H01R0011140000)
H02G0007020000	Devices for adjusting or maintaining mechanical tension, e.g. take-up device
H02G0007040000	Arrangements or devices for relieving mechanical tension
H02G0007050000	Suspension arrangements or devices for electric cables or lines
H02G0007060000	Suspensions for lines or cables along a separate supporting wire, e.g. S-hook
H02G0007080000	Members clamped to the supporting wire or to the line or cable
H02G0007100000	Flexible members or lashings wrapped around both the supporting wire and the line or cable
H02G0007120000	Devices for maintaining distance between parallel conductors, e.g. spacer
H02G0007140000	Arrangements or devices for damping mechanical oscillations of lines, e.g. for reducing production of sound
H02G0007160000	Devices for removing snow or ice from lines or cables (from insulators H01B0017520000)
H02G0007180000	Devices affording mechanical protection in the event of breakage of a line or cable, e.g. net for catching broken lines
H02G0007200000	Spatial arrangements or dispositions of lines or cables on poles, posts, or towers (construction of poles, posts, or towers E04H0012220000)
H02G0007220000	Arrangements of earthing wires suspended between mastheads
H02G0009000000	Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water (cathodic protection C23F0013020000;detection of buried cables G01V)
H02G0009020000	laid directly in or on the ground, river-bed or sea-bottom; Coverings therefor, e.g. tile
H02G0009040000	in surface ducts; Ducts or covers therefor
H02G0009060000	in underground tubes or conduits; Tubes or conduits therefor
H02G0009080000	in tunnels
H02G0009100000	in cable chambers, e.g. in manhole, in handhole (building aspects of cable chambers section E, e.g. E04H0005060000)
H02G0009120000	supported on or from floats, e.g. in water (floating cables H01B0007120000)
H02G0011000000	Arrangements of electric cables or lines between relatively-movable parts (current collectors H01R)
H02G0011020000	using take-up reel or drum
H02G0013000000	Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure (indicating, counting or recording lightning strokes G01;lightning arrestors H01C0007120000, H01C0008040000, H01G0009180000, H01T;earth plates, pins or other contacts H01R)
H02G0015000000	Cable fittings
H02G0015007000	Devices for relieving mechanical stress
H02G0015013000	Sealing means for cable inlets (inlets for cables filled with, or surrounded by, gas or oil H02G0015320000)
H02G0015020000	Cable terminations (for gas- or oil-filled cables H02G0015220000)
H02G0015040000	Cable-end sealings
H02G0015060000	Cable terminating boxes, frames, or other structures (terminal blocks H01R0009000000)
H02G0015064000	with devices for relieving electrical stress
H02G0015068000	connected to the cable shield only (H02G0015072000 takes precedence)
H02G0015072000	of the condenser type
H02G0015076000	for multi-conductor cables
H02G0015080000	Cable junctions (for gas or oil filled cables H02G0015240000;disconnectable junctions, electrical connections H01R)
H02G0015100000	protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes (terminal blocks H01R0009000000)
H02G0015103000	with devices for relieving electrical stress
H02G0015105000	connected to the cable shield only (H02G0015107000 takes precedence)
H02G0015107000	of the condenser type
H02G0015113000	Boxes split longitudinally in main cable direction
H02G0015115000	Boxes split perpendicularly to main cable direction
H02G0015117000	for multiconductor cables
H02G0015120000	for incorporating transformers, loading coils or amplifiers
H02G0015140000	specially adapted for submarine cables
H02G0015160000	structurally associated with support for line-connecting terminals within the box
H02G0015180000	protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable (two-part covers H02G0015100000)
H02G0015184000	with devices for relieving electrical stress
H02G0015188000	connected to cable shield only
H02G0015192000	with support means for ends of the sleeves
H02G0015196000	having lapped insulation
H02G0015200000	Cable fittings for cables filled with or surrounded by gas or oil (H02G0015340000 takes precedence)
H02G0015220000	Cable terminations
H02G0015230000	Cable-end sealings
H02G0015240000	Cable junctions
H02G0015250000	Stop junctions
H02G0015260000	Expansion vessels; Locking heads; Auxiliary pipe-lines
H02G0015280000	structurally associated with devices for indicating the presence or location of non-electric faults (combined with electric protective means H02H)
H02G0015300000	with devices for relieving electrical stress
H02G0015320000	Cable inlets
H02G0015340000	Cable fittings for cryogenic cables
H02H	EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R0031000000, G08B;locating faults along lines G01R0031080000;emergency protective devices H01H)
H02H0001000000	Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H0001040000	Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning
H02H0001060000	Arrangements for supplying operative power
H02H0003000000	Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection (specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems H02H0007000000;systems for change-over to standby supply H02J0009000000)
H02H0003020000	Details
H02H0003027000	with automatic disconnection after a predetermined time (H02H0003033000, H02H0003060000 take precedence)
H02H0003033000	with several disconnections in a preferential order (H02H0003060000 takes precedence)
H02H0003040000	with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
H02H0003050000	with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
H02H0003060000	with automatic reconnection
H02H0003070000	and with permanent disconnection after a predetermined number of reconnection cycles
H02H0003080000	responsive to excess current (responsive to abnormal temperature caused by excess current H02H0005040000)
H02H0003087000	for dc applications
H02H0003093000	with timing means
H02H0003100000	additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
H02H0003120000	responsive to underload or no-load
H02H0003130000	for multiphase applications, e.g. phase interruption
H02H0003140000	responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential
H02H0003160000	responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass (with balanced or differential arrangement H02H0003260000)
H02H0003170000	by means of an auxiliary voltage injected into the installation to be protected
H02H0003180000	responsive to reversal of direct current
H02H0003200000	responsive to excess voltage
H02H0003220000	of short duration, e.g. lightning
H02H0003240000	responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
H02H0003247000	having timing means
H02H0003253000	for multiphase applications, e.g. phase interruption
H02H0003260000	responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
H02H0003280000	involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
H02H0003300000	using pilot wires or other signalling channel
H02H0003320000	involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
H02H0003330000	using summation current transformers (H02H0003347000 takes precedence)
H02H0003340000	of a three-phase system
H02H0003347000	using summation current transformers
H02H0003353000	involving comparison of phase voltages
H02H0003360000	involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points of different systems, e.g. of parallel feeder systems
H02H0003380000	responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
H02H0003400000	responsive to ratio of voltage and current
H02H0003420000	responsive to product of voltage and current
H02H0003440000	responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities
H02H0003460000	responsive to frequency deviations
H02H0003480000	responsive to loss of synchronism
H02H0003500000	responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations
H02H0003520000	responsive to the appearance of harmonics
H02H0005000000	Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection (using simulators of the apparatus being protected H02H0006000000;specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems H02H0007000000)
H02H0005040000	responsive to abnormal temperature
H02H0005060000	in oil-filled electric apparatus
H02H0005080000	responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays
H02H0005100000	responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection
H02H0005120000	responsive to undesired approach to, or touching of, live parts by living beings
H02H0006000000	Emergency protective circuit arrangements responsive to undesired changes from normal non-electric working conditions using simulators of the apparatus being protected, e.g. using thermal images
H02H0007000000	Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions (structural association of protective devices with specific machines or apparatus and their protection without automatic disconnection, see the relevant subclass for the machine or apparatus)
H02H0007040000	for transformers
H02H0007045000	Differential protection of transformers
H02H0007050000	for capacitive voltage transformers, e.g. against resonant conditions
H02H0007055000	for tapped transformers or tap-changing means thereof
H02H0007060000	for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
H02H0007080000	for dynamo-electric motors
H02H0007085000	against excessive load
H02H0007090000	against over-voltage; against reduction of voltage; against phase interruption
H02H0007093000	against increase beyond, or decrease below, a predetermined level of rotational speed (centrifugal switches H01H0035100000)
H02H0007097000	against wrong direction of rotation
H02H0007100000	for converters; for rectifiers
H02H0007120000	for static converters or rectifiers
H02H0007122000	for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
H02H0007125000	for rectifiers
H02H0007127000	having auxiliary control electrode to which blocking control voltages or currents are applied in case of emergency
H02H0007160000	for capacitors (for synchronous capacitors H02H0007060000)
H02H0007180000	for batteries; for accumulators
H02H0007200000	for electronic equipment (for converters H02H0007100000;for electric measuring instruments G01R0001360000;for dc voltage or current semiconductor regulators G05F0001569000;for amplifiers H03F0001520000;for electronic switching circuits H03K0017080000)
H02H0007220000	for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
H02H0007240000	for spark-gap arresters
H02H0007260000	Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occurred (locating faults in cables G01R0031080000)
H02H0007280000	for meshed systems
H02H0007300000	Staggered disconnection
H02H0009000000	Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection (structural association of protective devices with specific machines or apparatus, see the relevant subclass for the machine or apparatus)
H02H0009020000	responsive to excess current
H02H0009040000	responsive to excess voltage (lightning arrestors H01C0007120000, H01C0008040000, H01G0009180000, H01T)
H02H0009060000	using spark-gap arresters
H02H0009080000	Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil
H02H0011000000	Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
H02H0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H02J	CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY (power supply circuits for apparatus for measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or cosmic radiation G01T0001175000;electric power supply circuits specially adapted for use in electronic time-pieces with no moving parts G04G0019000000;for digital computers G06F0001180000;for discharge tubes H01J0037248000;circuits or apparatus for the conversion of electric power, arrangements for control or regulation of such circuits or apparatus H02M;interrelated control of several motors, control of a prime-mover/generator combination H02P;control of high-frequency power H03L;additional use of power line or power network for transmission of information H04B)
H02J0001000000	Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02J0001020000	Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples (in converters H02M0001140000)
H02J0001040000	Constant-current supply systems
H02J0001060000	Two-wire systems
H02J0001080000	Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
H02J0001100000	Parallel operation of dc sources (involving batteries H02J0007340000)
H02J0001120000	Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
H02J0001140000	Balancing the load in a network (by batteries H02J0007340000)
H02J0001160000	using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
H02J0003000000	Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J0003010000	Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples (in converters H02M0001120000)
H02J0003020000	using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies; using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
H02J0003040000	for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
H02J0003060000	Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
H02J0003080000	Synchronising of networks
H02J0003100000	Constant-current supply systems
H02J0003120000	for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
H02J0003140000	by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02J0003160000	by adjustment of reactive power
H02J0003180000	Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating, or compensating reactive power in networks (for adjustment of voltage H02J0003120000;use of Petersen coils H02H0009080000)
H02J0003200000	in long overhead lines
H02J0003220000	in cables
H02J0003240000	Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks (by control effected upon a single generator H02P0009000000)
H02J0003260000	Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
H02J0003280000	Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy
H02J0003300000	using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
H02J0003320000	using batteries with converting means
H02J0003340000	Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency (frequency converters H02M)
H02J0003360000	Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
H02J0003380000	Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters, or transformers
H02J0003400000	Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
H02J0003420000	with automatic parallel connection when synchronism is achieved
H02J0003440000	with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
H02J0003460000	Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J0003480000	Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
H02J0003500000	Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
H02J0004000000	Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
H02J0005000000	Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks (H02J0003360000 takes precedence)
H02J0007000000	Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J0007020000	for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
H02J0007040000	Regulation of the charging current or voltage
H02J0007060000	using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02J0007080000	using discharge tubes only
H02J0007100000	using semiconductor devices only
H02J0007120000	using magnetic devices having controllable degree of saturation, i.e. transductors
H02J0007140000	for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
H02J0007160000	Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
H02J0007180000	due to variation of ohmic resistance in field circuit, using resistance switching in or out of circuit step by step
H02J0007200000	due to variation of continuously-variable ohmic resistor
H02J0007220000	due to variation of make-to-break ratio of intermittently-operating contacts, e.g. using Tirrill regulator
H02J0007240000	using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02J0007260000	using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation
H02J0007280000	using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation in combination with controlled discharge tube or controlled semiconductor device
H02J0007300000	using armature-reaction-excited machines
H02J0007320000	for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover
H02J0007340000	Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering (H02J0007140000 takes precedence)
H02J0007350000	with light sensitive cells
H02J0007360000	Arrangements using end-cell switching
H02J0009000000	Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting (with provision for charging standby battery H02J0007000000)
H02J0009020000	in which an auxiliary distribution system and its associated lamps are brought into service
H02J0009040000	in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
H02J0009060000	with automatic change-over
H02J0009080000	requiring starting of a prime-mover
H02J0011000000	Circuit arrangements for providing service supply to auxiliaries of stations in which electric power is generated, distributed, or converted (emergency or standby arrangements H02J0009000000)
H02J0013000000	Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
H02J0015000000	Systems for storing electric energy (mechanical systems therefor F01-F04;in chemical form H01M)
H02J0050000000	Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
H02J0050050000	using capacitive coupling
H02J0050100000	using inductive coupling
H02J0050120000	of the resonant type
H02J0050150000	using ultrasonic waves
H02J0050200000	using microwaves or radio frequency waves
H02J0050230000	characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
H02J0050270000	characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
H02J0050300000	using light, e.g. lasers
H02J0050400000	using two or more transmitting or receiving devices (H02J0050500000 takes precedence)
H02J0050500000	using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
H02J0050600000	responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
H02J0050700000	involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
H02J0050800000	involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
H02J0050900000	involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
H02K	DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H0053000000;conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power H02M0009000000)
H02K0001000000	Details of the magnetic circuit (magnetic circuits for relays H01H0050160000)
H02K0001020000	characterised by the magnetic material
H02K0001040000	characterised by the material used for insulating the magnetic circuit or parts thereof
H02K0001060000	characterised by the shape, form or construction
H02K0001080000	Salient poles
H02K0001100000	Commutating poles
H02K0001120000	Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
H02K0001140000	Stator cores with salient poles
H02K0001160000	Stator cores with slots for windings
H02K0001170000	Stator cores with permanent magnets
H02K0001180000	Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
H02K0001200000	with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
H02K0001220000	Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
H02K0001240000	Rotor cores with salient poles
H02K0001260000	Rotor cores with slots for windings
H02K0001270000	Rotor cores with permanent magnets
H02K0001280000	Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
H02K0001300000	using intermediate parts, e.g. spiders
H02K0001320000	with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
H02K0001340000	Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
H02K0003000000	Details of windings
H02K0003020000	Windings characterised by the conductor material
H02K0003040000	Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
H02K0003120000	arranged in slots
H02K0003140000	with transposed conductors, e.g. twisted conductors
H02K0003160000	for auxiliary purposes, e.g. damping or commutating
H02K0003180000	Windings for salient poles
H02K0003200000	for auxiliary purposes, e.g. damping or commutating
H02K0003220000	consisting of hollow conductors
H02K0003240000	with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
H02K0003260000	consisting of printed conductors
H02K0003280000	Layout of windings or of connections between windings (windings for pole-changing H02K0017060000, H02K0017140000, H02K0019120000, H02K0019320000)
H02K0003300000	Windings characterised by the insulating material
H02K0003320000	Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
H02K0003340000	between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
H02K0003380000	around winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
H02K0003400000	for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
H02K0003420000	Means for preventing or reducing eddy-current losses in the winding heads, e.g. by shielding
H02K0003440000	Protection against moisture or chemical attack; Windings specially adapted for operation in liquid or gas
H02K0003460000	Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
H02K0003470000	Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings
H02K0003480000	in slots
H02K0003487000	Slot-closing devices
H02K0003493000	magnetic
H02K0003500000	Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
H02K0003510000	applicable to rotors only
H02K0003520000	Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
H02K0005000000	Casings; Enclosures; Supports
H02K0005020000	Casings or enclosures characterised by the material thereof
H02K0005040000	Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
H02K0005060000	Cast metal casings
H02K0005080000	Insulating casings
H02K0005100000	with arrangements for protection from ingress, e.g. of water or fingers
H02K0005120000	specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas (combined with cooling arrangements H02K0009000000)
H02K0005124000	Sealing of shafts
H02K0005128000	using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
H02K0005132000	Submersible electric motors (H02K0005128000 takes precedence)
H02K0005136000	explosion-proof
H02K0005140000	Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
H02K0005150000	Mounting arrangements for bearing-shields or end plates
H02K0005160000	Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields (magnetic bearings H02K0007090000)
H02K0005167000	using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
H02K0005173000	using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
H02K0005180000	with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
H02K0005200000	with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
H02K0005220000	Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K0005060000-H02K0005200000, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
H02K0005240000	specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations
H02K0005260000	Means for adjusting casings relative to their supports
H02K0007000000	Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
H02K0007020000	Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
H02K0007040000	Balancing means
H02K0007060000	Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
H02K0007065000	Electromechanical oscillators; Vibrating magnetic drives
H02K0007070000	using pawls and ratchet wheels
H02K0007075000	using crankshafts or eccentrics
H02K0007080000	Structural association with bearings
H02K0007090000	with magnetic bearings
H02K0007100000	Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
H02K0007102000	with friction brakes
H02K0007104000	with eddy-current brakes
H02K0007106000	with dynamo-electric brakes
H02K0007108000	with friction clutches
H02K0007110000	with dynamo-electric clutches
H02K0007112000	with friction clutches in combination with brakes
H02K0007114000	with dynamo-electric clutches in combination with brakes
H02K0007116000	with gears
H02K0007118000	with starting devices
H02K0007120000	with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking
H02K0007140000	Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans (with fan or impeller for cooling the machine H02K0009060000)
H02K0007160000	for operation above the critical speed of vibration of the rotating parts
H02K0007180000	Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g.with turbines
H02K0007200000	Structural association with auxiliary dynamo-electric machines, e.g. with electric starter motors or exciters
H02K0009000000	Arrangements for cooling or ventilating (channels or ducts in parts of the magnetic circuit H02K0001200000, H02K0001320000;channels or ducts in or between conductors H02K0003220000, H02K0003240000)
H02K0009020000	by ambient air flowing through the machine
H02K0009040000	having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
H02K0009060000	with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
H02K0009080000	by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing (H02K0009100000 takes precedence)
H02K0009100000	by gaseous cooling medium flowing in closed circuit, a part of which is external to the machine casing
H02K0009120000	wherein the cooling medium circulates freely within the casing
H02K0009140000	wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle
H02K0009160000	wherein the cooling medium circulates through ducts or tubes within the casing
H02K0009180000	wherein the external part of the closed circuit comprises a heat exchanger structurally associated with the machine casing
H02K0009190000	for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
H02K0009193000	with provision for replenishing the cooling medium; with means for preventing leakage of the cooling medium
H02K0009197000	in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
H02K0009200000	wherein the cooling medium vaporises within the machine casing
H02K0009220000	by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
H02K0009240000	Protection against failure of cooling arrangements, e.g. due to loss of cooling medium or due to interruption of the circulation of cooling medium
H02K0009260000	Structural association of machines with devices for cleaning or drying cooling medium, e.g. with filters
H02K0009280000	Cooling of commutators, slip-rings or brushes, e.g. by ventilating
H02K0011000000	Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection (casings, enclosures or supports H02K0005000000)
H02K0011010000	for shielding from electromagnetic fields (means for preventing or reducing eddy-current losses in the winding heads by shielding H02K0003420000)
H02K0011020000	for suppression of electromagnetic interference
H02K0011026000	Suppressors associated with brushes, brush holders or their supports
H02K0011028000	Suppressors associated with the rotor
H02K0011040000	for rectification
H02K0011042000	Rectifiers associated with rotating parts, e.g. rotor cores or rotary shafts
H02K0011049000	Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
H02K0011050000	Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
H02K0011200000	for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching (rectifiers H02K0011040000;power electronics H02K0011330000)
H02K0011210000	Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby (specially adapted for machines having non-mechanical commutating devices H02K0029060000, H02K0029140000)
H02K0011215000	Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
H02K0011220000	Optical devices
H02K0011225000	Detecting coils
H02K0011230000	Mechanically-actuated centrifugal switches
H02K0011240000	Devices for sensing torque, or actuated thereby (H02K0011270000 takes precedence)
H02K0011250000	Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
H02K0011260000	Devices for sensing voltage, or actuated thereby, e.g. overvoltage protection devices
H02K0011270000	Devices for sensing current, or actuated thereby (overcurrent protection responsive to temperature of the machines or parts thereof, e.g. windings, H02K0011250000)
H02K0011280000	Manual switches
H02K0011300000	Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
H02K0011330000	Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics (H02K0011380000 takes precedence)
H02K0011350000	Devices for recording or transmitting machine parameters, e.g. memory chips or radio transmitters for diagnosis
H02K0011380000	Control circuits or drive circuits associated with geared commutator motors of the worm-and-wheel type
H02K0011400000	Structural association with grounding devices
H02K0013000000	Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings (supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders in motor casings or enclosures H02K0005140000); Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
H02K0013020000	Connections between slip-rings and windings
H02K0013040000	Connections between commutator segments and windings
H02K0013060000	Resistive connections, e.g. by high-resistance chokes or by transistors
H02K0013080000	Segments formed by extensions of the winding
H02K0013100000	Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
H02K0013120000	Arrangements for producing an axial reciprocation of the rotor and its associated current collector part, e.g. for polishing commutator surfaces
H02K0013140000	Circuit arrangements for improvement of commutation, e.g. by use of unidirectionally conductive elements
H02K0015000000	Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
H02K0015020000	of stator or rotor bodies
H02K0015030000	having permanent magnets
H02K0015040000	of windings, prior to mounting into machines (insulating windings H02K0015100000, H02K0015120000)
H02K0015060000	Embedding prefabricated windings in machines
H02K0015080000	Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts
H02K0015085000	by laying conductors into slotted stators
H02K0015090000	by laying conductors into slotted rotors
H02K0015095000	by laying conductors around salient poles
H02K0015100000	Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors
H02K0015120000	Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
H02K0015140000	Casings; Enclosures; Supports
H02K0015160000	Centering rotors within the stator; Balancing rotors
H02K0016000000	Machines with more than one rotor or stator
H02K0016020000	Machines with one stator and two rotors
H02K0016040000	Machines with one rotor and two stators
H02K0017000000	Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
H02K0017020000	Asynchronous induction motors
H02K0017040000	for single phase current
H02K0017060000	having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
H02K0017080000	Motors with auxiliary phase obtained by externally fed auxiliary windings, e.g. capacitor motors
H02K0017100000	Motors with auxiliary phase obtained by split-pole carrying short-circuited windings
H02K0017120000	for multi-phase current
H02K0017140000	having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
H02K0017160000	having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
H02K0017180000	having double-cage or multiple-cage rotors
H02K0017200000	having deep-bar rotors
H02K0017220000	having rotors with windings connected to slip-rings
H02K0017240000	in which both stator and rotor are fed with AC
H02K0017260000	having rotors or stators designed to permit synchronous operation
H02K0017280000	having compensating winding for improving phase angle
H02K0017300000	Structural association of asynchronous induction motors with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristics of the motor or controlling the motor, e.g. with impedances or switches
H02K0017320000	Structural association of asynchronous induction motors with auxiliary mechanical devices, e.g. with clutches or brakes
H02K0017340000	Cascade arrangement of an asynchronous motor with another dynamo-electric motor or converter
H02K0017360000	with another asynchronous induction motor
H02K0017380000	with a commutator machine
H02K0017400000	with a rotary AC/DC converter
H02K0017420000	Asynchronous induction generators (H02K0017020000 takes precedence)
H02K0017440000	Structural association with exciting machines
H02K0019000000	Synchronous motors or generators (having permanent magnets H02K0021000000)
H02K0019020000	Synchronous motors
H02K0019040000	for single-phase current
H02K0019060000	Motors having windings on the stator and a variable-reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings, e.g. inductor motors
H02K0019080000	Motors having windings on the stator and a smooth rotor without windings of material with large hysteresis, e.g. hysteresis motors
H02K0019100000	for multi-phase current
H02K0019120000	characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings, e.g. for self-excitation, compounding or pole-changing
H02K0019140000	having additional short-circuited windings for starting as asynchronous motors
H02K0019160000	Synchronous generators
H02K0019180000	having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators
H02K0019200000	with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
H02K0019220000	having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators
H02K0019240000	with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
H02K0019260000	characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings
H02K0019280000	for self-excitation
H02K0019300000	for compounding
H02K0019320000	for pole-changing
H02K0019340000	Generators with two or more outputs
H02K0019360000	Structural association of synchronous generators with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of the generator or controlling the generator, e.g. with impedances or switches
H02K0019380000	Structural association of synchronous generators with exciting machines
H02K0021000000	Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
H02K0021020000	Details
H02K0021040000	Windings on magnets for additional excitation
H02K0021100000	Rotating armatures
H02K0021120000	with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
H02K0021140000	with magnets rotating within the armatures
H02K0021160000	having annular armature cores with salient poles (with homopolar co-operation H02K0021200000)
H02K0021180000	having horse-shoe armature cores (with homopolar co-operation H02K0021200000)
H02K0021200000	having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar machine
H02K0021220000	with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
H02K0021240000	with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
H02K0021260000	with rotating armatures and stationary magnets
H02K0021280000	with armatures rotating within the magnets
H02K0021300000	having annular armature cores with salient poles (with homopolar co-operation H02K0021360000)
H02K0021320000	having horse-shoe magnets (with homopolar co-operation H02K0021360000)
H02K0021340000	having bell-shaped or bar-shaped magnets, e.g. for cycle lighting (with homopolar co-operation H02K0021360000)
H02K0021360000	with homopolar co-operation
H02K0021380000	with rotating flux distributors, and armatures and magnets both stationary
H02K0021400000	with flux distributors rotating around the magnets and within the armatures
H02K0021420000	with flux distributors rotating around the armatures and within the magnets
H02K0021440000	with armature windings wound upon the magnets
H02K0021460000	Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
H02K0021480000	Generators with two or more outputs
H02K0023000000	DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
H02K0023020000	characterised by arrangement for exciting
H02K0023040000	having permanent magnet excitation
H02K0023060000	having shunt connection of excitation windings
H02K0023080000	having series connection of excitation windings
H02K0023100000	having compound connection of excitation windings
H02K0023120000	having excitation produced by current sources independent of the armature circuit
H02K0023140000	having high-speed excitation or de-excitation, e.g. by neutralising the remanent excitation field
H02K0023160000	having angularly adjustable excitation field, e.g. by pole reversing or pole switching
H02K0023180000	having displaceable main or auxiliary brushes
H02K0023200000	having additional brushes spaced intermediately of the main brushes on the commutator, e.g. cross-field machines, metadynes, amplidynes or other armature-reaction excited machines
H02K0023220000	having compensating or damping windings
H02K0023240000	having commutating-pole windings
H02K0023260000	characterised by the armature windings
H02K0023280000	having open windings, i.e. not closed within the armatures
H02K0023300000	having lap windings; having loop windings
H02K0023320000	having wave winding; having undulating winding
H02K0023340000	having mixed windings
H02K0023360000	having two or more windings; having two or more commutators; having two or more stators
H02K0023380000	having winding or connection for improving commutation, e.g. equipotential connection
H02K0023400000	characterised by the arrangement of the magnet circuits
H02K0023420000	having split poles, i.e. zones for varying reluctance by gaps in poles or by poles with different spacing of the air gap
H02K0023440000	having movable, e.g. turnable, iron parts
H02K0023460000	having stationary shunts, i.e. magnetic cross flux
H02K0023480000	having adjustable armatures
H02K0023500000	Generators with two or more outputs
H02K0023520000	Motors acting also as generators, e.g. starting motors used as generators for ignition or lighting
H02K0023540000	Disc armature motors or generators
H02K0023560000	Motors or generators having iron cores separated from armature winding
H02K0023580000	Motors or generators without iron cores
H02K0023600000	Motors or generators having rotating armatures and rotating excitation field
H02K0023620000	Motors or generators with stationary armatures and rotating excitation field
H02K0023640000	Motors specially adapted for running on DC or AC by choice
H02K0023660000	Structural association with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of, or controlling, the machine, e.g. with impedances or switches
H02K0023680000	Structural association with auxiliary mechanical devices, e.g. with clutches or brakes
H02K0024000000	Machines adapted for the instantaneous transmission or reception of the angular displacement of rotating parts, e.g. synchro, selsyn
H02K0025000000	DC interrupter motors or generators
H02K0026000000	Machines adapted to function as torque motors, i.e. to exert a torque when stalled
H02K0027000000	AC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator
H02K0027020000	characterised by the armature winding
H02K0027040000	having single-phase operation in series or shunt connection
H02K0027060000	with a single or multiple short-circuited commutator, e.g. repulsion motor
H02K0027080000	with multiple-fed armature
H02K0027100000	with switching devices for different modes of operation, e.g. repulsion-induction motor
H02K0027120000	having multi-phase operation
H02K0027140000	in series connection
H02K0027160000	in shunt connection with stator feeding
H02K0027180000	in shunt connection with rotor feeding
H02K0027200000	Structural association with a speed regulating device
H02K0027220000	having means for improving commutation, e.g. auxiliary fields, double windings, double brushes
H02K0027240000	having two or more commutators
H02K0027260000	having disc armature
H02K0027280000	Structural association with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of the machine or controlling the machine
H02K0027300000	Structural association with auxiliary mechanical devices, e.g. with clutches or brakes
H02K0029000000	Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02K0029030000	with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
H02K0029060000	with position sensing devices (H02K0029030000 takes precedence)
H02K0029080000	using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates or magneto-resistors (H02K0029120000 takes precedence)
H02K0029100000	using light effect devices
H02K0029120000	using detecting coils
H02K0029140000	with speed sensing devices (H02K0029030000 takes precedence)
H02K0031000000	Acyclic motors or generators, i.e. DC machines having drum or disc armatures with continuous current collectors
H02K0031020000	with solid-contact collectors
H02K0031040000	with at least one liquid-contact collector
H02K0033000000	Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system (arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with motors H02K0007000000, e.g. H02K0007060000)
H02K0033020000	with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
H02K0033040000	wherein the frequency of operation is determined by the frequency of uninterrupted AC energisation
H02K0033060000	with polarised armatures
H02K0033080000	with DC energisation superimposed on AC energisation
H02K0033100000	wherein the alternate energisation and de-energisation of the single coil system is effected or controlled by movement of the armatures
H02K0033120000	with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems
H02K0033140000	wherein the alternate energisation and de-energisation of the two coil systems are effected or controlled by movement of the armatures
H02K0033160000	with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
H02K0033180000	with coil systems moving upon intermittent or reversed energisation thereof by interaction with a fixed field system, e.g. permanent magnets
H02K0035000000	Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit (arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with generators H02K0007000000, e.g. H02K0007060000)
H02K0035020000	with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
H02K0035040000	with moving coil systems and stationary magnets
H02K0035060000	with moving flux distributors, and both coil systems and magnets stationary
H02K0037000000	Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
H02K0037020000	of variable reluctance type
H02K0037040000	with rotors situated within the stators
H02K0037060000	with rotors situated around the stators
H02K0037080000	with rotors axially facing the stators
H02K0037100000	of permanent magnet type (H02K0037020000 takes precedence)
H02K0037120000	with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
H02K0037140000	with magnets rotating within the armatures
H02K0037160000	having horseshoe armature cores
H02K0037180000	of homopolar type
H02K0037200000	with rotating flux distributors, the armatures and magnets both being stationary
H02K0037220000	Damping units
H02K0037240000	Structural association with auxiliary mechanical devices
H02K0039000000	Generators specially adapted for producing a desired non-sinusoidal waveform
H02K0041000000	Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
H02K0041020000	Linear motors; Sectional motors
H02K0041025000	Asynchronous motors
H02K0041030000	Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors (H02K0041035000 takes precedence)
H02K0041035000	DC motors; Unipolar motors
H02K0041060000	Rolling motors, i.e. motors having the rotor axis parallel to the stator axis and following a circular path as the rotor rolls around the inside or outside of the stator
H02K0044000000	Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
H02K0044020000	Electrodynamic pumps
H02K0044040000	Conduction pumps
H02K0044060000	Induction pumps
H02K0044080000	Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
H02K0044100000	Constructional details of electrodes
H02K0044120000	Constructional details of fluid channels
H02K0044140000	Circular or screw-shaped channels
H02K0044160000	Constructional details of the magnetic circuits
H02K0044180000	for generating AC power
H02K0044200000	by changing the polarity of the magnetic field
H02K0044220000	by changing the conductivity of the fluid
H02K0044240000	by reversing the direction of fluid
H02K0044260000	by creating a travelling magnetic field
H02K0044280000	Association of MHD generators with conventional generators (nuclear power plants including a MHD generator G21D0007020000)
H02K0047000000	Dynamo-electric converters
H02K0047020000	AC/DC converters or vice versa
H02K0047040000	Motor/generators
H02K0047060000	Cascade converters
H02K0047080000	Single-armature converters
H02K0047100000	with booster machines on the AC side
H02K0047120000	DC/DC converters
H02K0047140000	Motor/generators
H02K0047160000	Single-armature converters, e.g. metadyne
H02K0047180000	AC/AC converters
H02K0047200000	Motor/generators
H02K0047220000	Single-armature frequency converters with or without phase-number conversion
H02K0047240000	having windings for different numbers of poles
H02K0047260000	operating as under- or over-synchronously running asynchronous induction machines, e.g. cascade arrangement of asynchronous and synchronous machines
H02K0047280000	operating as commutator machines with added slip-rings
H02K0047300000	Single-armature phase-number converters without frequency conversion
H02K0049000000	Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
H02K0049020000	of the asynchronous induction type
H02K0049040000	of the eddy-current hysteresis type
H02K0049060000	of the synchronous type
H02K0049080000	of the collector armature type
H02K0049100000	of the permanent-magnet type
H02K0049120000	of the acyclic type
H02K0051000000	Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
H02K0053000000	Alleged dynamo-electric perpetua mobilia
H02K0055000000	Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
H02K0055020000	of the synchronous type
H02K0055040000	with rotating field windings
H02K0055060000	of the homopolar type
H02K0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H02M	APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (conversion of current or voltage specially adapted for use in electronic time-pieces with no moving parts G04G0019020000;systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables in general, e.g. using transformers, reactors or choke coils, combination of such systems with static converters G05F;for digital computers G06F0001000000;transformers H01F;connection or control of one converter with regard to conjoint operation with a similar or other source of supply H02J;dynamo-electric converters H02K0047000000;controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P;pulse generators H03K)
H02M0001000000	Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M0001020000	Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters
H02M0001040000	for tubes with grid control
H02M0001060000	Circuits specially adapted for rendering non-conductive gas discharge tubes or equivalent semiconductor devices, e.g. thyratrons, thyristors
H02M0001080000	Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M0001084000	using a control circuit common to several phases of a multi-phase system
H02M0001088000	for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
H02M0001092000	the control signals being transmitted optically
H02M0001096000	the power supply of the control circuit being connected in parallel to the main switching element (H02M0001092000 takes precedence)
H02M0001100000	Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
H02M0001120000	Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M0001140000	Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
H02M0001150000	using active elements
H02M0001160000	Means for providing current step on switching, e.g. with saturable reactor
H02M0001200000	Contact mechanisms of dynamic converters
H02M0001220000	incorporating collectors and brushes
H02M0001240000	incorporating rolling or tumbling contacts
H02M0001260000	incorporating cam-operated contacts
H02M0001280000	incorporating electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts
H02M0001300000	incorporating liquid contacts
H02M0001320000	Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection (emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for converters with automatic disconnection H02H0007100000)
H02M0001340000	Snubber circuits
H02M0001360000	Means for starting or stopping converters
H02M0001380000	Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
H02M0001400000	Means for preventing magnetic saturation
H02M0001420000	Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
H02M0001440000	Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M0003000000	Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
H02M0003020000	without intermediate conversion into ac
H02M0003040000	by static converters
H02M0003060000	using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
H02M0003070000	using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M0003080000	using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M0003100000	using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode (H02M0003070000 takes precedence)
H02M0003125000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
H02M0003130000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0003135000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0003137000	with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M0003139000	with digital control
H02M0003142000	including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M0003145000	using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02M0003150000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0003155000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0003156000	with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M0003157000	with digital control
H02M0003158000	including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M0003160000	by dynamic converters
H02M0003180000	using capacitors or batteries which are alternately charged and discharged, e.g. charged in parallel and discharged in series
H02M0003200000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0003220000	with intermediate conversion into ac
H02M0003240000	by static converters
H02M0003260000	using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
H02M0003280000	using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
H02M0003305000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
H02M0003310000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0003315000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0003325000	using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02M0003330000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0003335000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0003337000	in push-pull configuration
H02M0003338000	in a self-oscillating arrangement (H02M0003337000 takes precedence)
H02M0003340000	by dynamic converters
H02M0003360000	using mechanical parts to select progressively or to vary continuously the input potential
H02M0003380000	using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts to interrupt a single potential
H02M0003400000	wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers
H02M0003420000	with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general H01H0051340000)
H02M0003440000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0005000000	Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
H02M0005020000	without intermediate conversion into dc
H02M0005040000	by static converters (controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, e.g. by tap changing, H02P0013000000)
H02M0005060000	using impedances
H02M0005080000	using capacitors only
H02M0005100000	using transformers
H02M0005120000	for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
H02M0005140000	for conversion between circuits of different phase number
H02M0005160000	for conversion of frequency
H02M0005180000	for conversion of waveform
H02M0005200000	using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M0005220000	using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M0005250000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means (H02M0005270000 takes precedence)
H02M0005253000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0005257000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0005270000	for conversion of frequency
H02M0005275000	using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal (H02M0005297000 takes precedence)
H02M0005290000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0005293000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0005297000	for conversion of frequency
H02M0005320000	by dynamic converters
H02M0005340000	using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts
H02M0005360000	wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers
H02M0005380000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0005400000	with intermediate conversion into dc
H02M0005420000	by static converters
H02M0005440000	using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
H02M0005443000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
H02M0005447000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0005450000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0005451000	with automatic control of output voltage or frequency
H02M0005452000	with automatic control of output waveform
H02M0005453000	using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02M0005456000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0005458000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0005460000	by dynamic converters
H02M0005480000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0007000000	Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
H02M0007020000	Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
H02M0007040000	by static converters
H02M0007060000	using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M0007080000	arranged for operation in parallel
H02M0007100000	arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
H02M0007120000	using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M0007145000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
H02M0007150000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0007155000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0007162000	in a bridge configuration
H02M0007170000	arranged for operation in parallel
H02M0007190000	arranged for operation in series, e.g. for voltage multiplication
H02M0007210000	using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02M0007213000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0007217000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0007219000	in a bridge configuration
H02M0007230000	arranged for operation in parallel
H02M0007250000	arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
H02M0007260000	using open-spark devices, e.g. Marx rectifier
H02M0007280000	using electrolytic rectifiers
H02M0007300000	by dynamic converters
H02M0007320000	using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts
H02M0007340000	wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers
H02M0007360000	with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general H01H0051340000)
H02M0007380000	using one or more sparking electrodes rotating over counterelectrodes
H02M0007400000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0007420000	Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
H02M0007440000	by static converters
H02M0007460000	using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M0007480000	using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M0007483000	Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M0007487000	Neutral point clamped inverters
H02M0007490000	Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
H02M0007493000	the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
H02M0007497000	sinusoidal output voltages being obtained by combination of several voltages being out of phase
H02M0007501000	sinusoidal output voltages being obtained by the combination of several pulse-voltages having different amplitude and width
H02M0007505000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
H02M0007510000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0007515000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0007516000	Self-oscillating arrangements
H02M0007517000	with special starting equipment
H02M0007519000	in a push-pull configuration (H02M0007517000 takes precedence)
H02M0007521000	in a bridge configuration
H02M0007523000	with LC-resonance circuit in the main circuit
H02M0007525000	with automatic control of output waveform or frequency (H02M0007517000-H02M0007523000 take precedence)
H02M0007527000	by pulse width modulation
H02M0007529000	using digital control
H02M0007530000	using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02M0007533000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0007537000	using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M0007537500	with special starting equipment
H02M0007538000	in a push-pull configuration (H02M0007537500 takes precedence)
H02M0007538100	Parallel type
H02M0007538300	in a self-oscillating arrangement (H02M0007538000 takes precedence)
H02M0007538380	using a single commutation path
H02M0007538460	Control circuits
H02M0007538540	using thyristor type converters
H02M0007538620	using transistor type converters
H02M0007538700	in a bridge configuration
H02M0007538800	with asymmetrical configuration of switches
H02M0007539000	with automatic control of output wave form or frequency (H02M0007537500-H02M0007538700 take precedence)
H02M0007539500	by pulse-width modulation
H02M0007540000	by dynamic converters
H02M0007560000	using mechanical parts to select progressively, or to vary continuously, the input potential
H02M0007580000	using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts to interrupt a single potential
H02M0007600000	wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers
H02M0007620000	with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general H01H0051340000)
H02M0007640000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0007660000	with possibility of reversal
H02M0007680000	by static converters
H02M0007700000	using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M0007720000	using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M0007750000	using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means (H02M0007770000 takes precedence)
H02M0007753000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0007757000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0007758000	with automatic control of output waveform or frequency
H02M0007770000	arranged for operation in parallel
H02M0007790000	using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal (H02M0007810000 takes precedence)
H02M0007793000	using discharge tubes only
H02M0007797000	using semiconductor devices only
H02M0007810000	arranged for operation in parallel
H02M0007820000	using open-spark devices, e.g. Marx rectifier
H02M0007840000	using electrolytic rectifiers
H02M0007860000	by dynamic converters
H02M0007880000	using mechanical parts to select progressively or to vary continuously the input potential
H02M0007900000	using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts to interrupt a single potential
H02M0007920000	wherein the parts are rotating and collectors co-operate with brushes or rollers
H02M0007940000	wherein the parts are operated by rotating cams or cam-like devices
H02M0007950000	with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper (self-interrupters in general H01H0051340000)
H02M0007960000	with moving liquid contacts
H02M0007980000	by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M0009000000	Conversion of dc or ac input power into surge output power
H02M0009020000	with dc input power
H02M0009040000	using capacitative stores
H02M0009060000	with ac input power
H02M0011000000	Power conversion systems not covered by the other groups of this subclass
H02N	ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
H02N0001000000	Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
H02N0001040000	Friction generators
H02N0001060000	Influence generators
H02N0001080000	with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
H02N0001100000	with non-conductive charge carrier
H02N0001120000	in the form of a conveyor belt, e.g. van de Graaff machine
H02N0002000000	Electric machines in general using piezo-electric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction (generating mechanical vibrations in general B06B;piezo-electric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements in general H01L0041000000)
H02N0002020000	producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners
H02N0002040000	Constructional details
H02N0002060000	Drive circuits; Control arrangements
H02N0002080000	using travelling waves, e.g. linear motors
H02N0002100000	producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
H02N0002120000	Constructional details
H02N0002140000	Drive circuits; Control arrangements
H02N0002160000	using travelling waves
H02N0002180000	producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators (for measurement devices G01)
H02N0003000000	Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom (discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators H01J0045000000)
H02N0010000000	Electric motors using thermal effects
H02N0011000000	Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means (by hydrostatic pressure F03B0017040000;by dynamo-electric means H02K0053000000)
H02N0013000000	Clutches or holding devices using electrostatic attraction, e.g. using Johnson-Rahbek effect
H02N0015000000	Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for (electric or magnetic devices for holding work on machine tools B23Q0003150000;sliding or levitation devices for railway systems B61B0013080000;material handling devices associated with conveyors incorporating devices with electrostatic or magnetic grippers B65G0047920000;separating thin or filamentary articles from piles using magnetic force B65H0003160000;delivering thin or filamentary articles from magnetic holders by air blast or suction B65H0029240000;bearings using magnetic or electric supporting means F16C0032040000;relieving bearing loads using magnetic means F16C0039060000;magnets H01F0007000000;dynamo-electric clutches or brakes H02K0049000000)
H02N0015020000	by Foucault currents
H02N0015040000	Repulsion by the Meissner effect (superconductors or hyperconductors in general H01L0039000000)
H02N0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H02P	CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
H02P0001000000	Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters (starting of synchronous motors with electronic commutators H02P0006200000, H02P0006220000;starting dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step H02P0008040000;vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0001020000	Details
H02P0001040000	Means for controlling progress of starting sequence in dependence upon time or upon current, speed, or other motor parameter
H02P0001060000	Manually-operated multi-position starters
H02P0001080000	Manually-operated on/off switch controlling power-operated multi-position switch or impedances for starting a motor
H02P0001100000	Manually-operated on/off switch controlling relays or contactors operating sequentially for starting a motor
H02P0001120000	Switching devices centrifugally operated by the motor
H02P0001140000	Pressure-sensitive resistors centrifugally operated by the motor
H02P0001160000	for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
H02P0001180000	for starting an individual dc motor
H02P0001200000	by progressive reduction of resistance in series with armature winding
H02P0001220000	in either direction of rotation
H02P0001240000	for starting an individual ac commutator motor (starting of ac/dc commutator motors H02P0001180000)
H02P0001260000	for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
H02P0001280000	by progressive increase of voltage applied to primary circuit of motor
H02P0001300000	by progressive increase of frequency of supply to primary circuit of motor
H02P0001320000	by star/delta switching
H02P0001340000	by progressive reduction of impedance in secondary circuit
H02P0001360000	the impedance being a liquid resistance
H02P0001380000	by pole-changing
H02P0001400000	in either direction of rotation
H02P0001420000	for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
H02P0001440000	by phase-splitting with a capacitor
H02P0001460000	for starting an individual synchronous motor
H02P0001480000	by pole-changing
H02P0001500000	by changing over from asynchronous to synchronous operation (H02P0001480000 takes precedence)
H02P0001520000	by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
H02P0001540000	for starting two or more dynamo-electric motors
H02P0001560000	simultaneously
H02P0001580000	sequentially
H02P0003000000	Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters (stopping of synchronous motors with electronic commutators H02P0006240000;stopping dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step H02P0008240000;vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0003020000	Details
H02P0003040000	Means for stopping or slowing by a separate brake, e.g. friction brake or eddy-current brake
H02P0003060000	for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
H02P0003080000	for stopping or slowing a dc motor
H02P0003100000	by reversal of supply connections
H02P0003120000	by short-circuit or resistive braking
H02P0003140000	by regenerative braking
H02P0003160000	by combined electrical and mechanical braking
H02P0003180000	for stopping or slowing an ac motor
H02P0003200000	by reversal of phase sequence of connections to the motor
H02P0003220000	by short-circuit or resistive braking
H02P0003240000	by applying dc to the motor
H02P0003260000	by combined electrical and mechanical braking
H02P0004000000	Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric motors that can be connected to two or more different electric power supplies (vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0005000000	Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors (H02P0006040000, H02P0008400000 take precedence)
H02P0005460000	for speed regulation of two or more dynamo-electric motors in relation to one another
H02P0005480000	by comparing mechanical values representing the speeds
H02P0005485000	using differential movement of the two motors, e.g. using differential gearboxes
H02P0005490000	by intermittently closing or opening electrical contacts
H02P0005500000	by comparing electrical values representing the speeds
H02P0005505000	using equalising lines, e.g. rotor and stator lines of first and second motors
H02P0005510000	Direct ratio control
H02P0005520000	additionally providing control of relative angular displacement
H02P0005540000	Speed and position comparison between the motors by mechanical means
H02P0005560000	Speed and position comparison between the motors by electrical means
H02P0005600000	controlling combinations of dc and ac dynamo-electric motors (H02P0005460000 takes precedence)
H02P0005680000	controlling two or more dc dynamo-electric motors (H02P0005460000, H02P0005600000 take precedence)
H02P0005685000	electrically connected in series, i.e. carrying the same current
H02P0005690000	mechanically coupled by gearing
H02P0005695000	Differential gearing
H02P0005740000	controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors (H02P0005460000, H02P0005600000 take precedence)
H02P0005747000	mechanically coupled by gearing
H02P0005753000	Differential gearing
H02P0006000000	Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor (vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0006040000	Arrangements for controlling or regulating the speed or torque of more than one motor (H02P0006100000 takes precedence)
H02P0006060000	Arrangements for speed regulation of a single motor wherein the motor speed is measured and compared with a given physical value so as to adjust the motor speed
H02P0006080000	Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor (H02P0006100000, H02P0006280000 take precedence)
H02P0006100000	Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
H02P0006120000	Monitoring commutation; Providing indication of commutation failure
H02P0006140000	Electronic commutators
H02P0006150000	Controlling commutation time
H02P0006160000	Circuit arrangements for detecting position
H02P0006170000	and for generating speed information
H02P0006180000	without separate position detecting elements
H02P0006182000	using back-emf in windings
H02P0006185000	using inductance sensing, e.g. pulse excitation
H02P0006200000	Arrangements for starting (H02P0006080000 takes precedence)
H02P0006210000	Open loop start
H02P0006220000	in a selected direction of rotation
H02P0006240000	Arrangements for stopping
H02P0006260000	Arrangements for controlling single phase motors
H02P0006280000	Arrangements for controlling current (H02P0006100000 takes precedence)
H02P0006300000	Arrangements for controlling the direction of rotation (H02P0006220000 takes precedence)
H02P0006320000	Arrangements for controlling wound field motors, e.g. motors with exciter coils
H02P0006340000	 Modelling or simulation for control purposes
H02P0007000000	Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
H02P0007020000	the DC motors being of the linear type
H02P0007025000	the DC motors being of the moving coil type, e.g. voice coil motors
H02P0007030000	for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors
H02P0007060000	for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
H02P0007080000	by manual control without auxiliary power
H02P0007100000	of motor field only
H02P0007120000	Switching field from series to shunt excitation or vice versa
H02P0007140000	of voltage applied to the armature with or without control of field
H02P0007180000	by master control with auxiliary power
H02P0007200000	using multi-position switch, e.g. drum, controlling motor circuit by means of relays (H02P0007240000, H02P0007300000 take precedence)
H02P0007220000	using multi-position switch, e.g. drum, controlling motor circuit by means of pilot-motor-operated multi-position switch or pilot-motor-operated variable resistance (H02P0007240000, H02P0007300000 take precedence)
H02P0007240000	using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02P0007260000	using discharge tubes
H02P0007280000	using semiconductor devices
H02P0007281000	the DC motor being operated in four quadrants
H02P0007282000	controlling field supply only
H02P0007285000	controlling armature supply only
H02P0007288000	using variable impedance
H02P0007290000	using pulse modulation
H02P0007291000	with on-off control between two set points, e.g. controlling by hysteresis
H02P0007292000	using static converters, e.g. AC to DC
H02P0007293000	using phase control (H02P0007295000 takes precedence)
H02P0007295000	of the kind having one thyristor or the like in series with the power supply and the motor
H02P0007298000	controlling armature and field supplies
H02P0007300000	using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation, i.e. transductors
H02P0007320000	using armature-reaction-excited machines, e.g. metadyne, amplidyne, rototrol
H02P0007340000	using Ward-Leonard arrangements
H02P0007343000	in which both generator and motor fields are controlled
H02P0007347000	in which only the generator field is controlled
H02P0008000000	Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step
H02P0008020000	specially adapted for single-phase or bi-pole stepper motors, e.g. watch-motors, clock-motors
H02P0008040000	Arrangements for starting
H02P0008060000	in selected direction of rotation
H02P0008080000	Determining position before starting
H02P0008100000	Shaping pulses for starting; Boosting current during starting
H02P0008120000	Control or stabilisation of current
H02P0008140000	Arrangements for controlling speed or speed and torque (H02P0008120000, H02P0008220000 take precedence)
H02P0008160000	Reducing energy dissipated or supplied
H02P0008180000	Shaping of pulses, e.g. to reduce torque ripple
H02P0008200000	characterised by bidirectional operation
H02P0008220000	Control of step size; Intermediate stepping, e.g. micro-stepping
H02P0008240000	Arrangements for stopping (H02P0008320000 take precedence)
H02P0008260000	Memorising final pulse when stopping
H02P0008280000	Disconnecting power source when stopping
H02P0008300000	Holding position when stopped
H02P0008320000	Reducing overshoot or oscillation, e.g. damping
H02P0008340000	Monitoring operation (H02P0008360000 takes precedence)
H02P0008360000	Protection against faults, e.g. against overheating or step-out; Indicating faults
H02P0008380000	the fault being step-out
H02P0008400000	Special adaptations for controlling two or more stepping motors
H02P0008420000	characterised by non-stepper motors being operated step by step
H02P0009000000	Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
H02P0009020000	Details
H02P0009040000	Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator (effecting control of the prime mover in general, see the relevant class for such prime mover)
H02P0009060000	Control effected upon clutch or other mechanical power transmission means and dependent upon electric output value of the generator (effecting control of the power transmission means, see the relevant class for such means)
H02P0009080000	Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
H02P0009100000	Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
H02P0009120000	for demagnetising; for reducing effects of remanence; for preventing pole reversal
H02P0009140000	by variation of field (H02P0009080000, H02P0009100000 take precedence)
H02P0009160000	due to variation of ohmic resistance in field circuit, using resistances switched in or out of circuit step by step
H02P0009180000	the switching being caused by a servomotor, measuring instrument, or relay
H02P0009200000	due to variation of continuously-variable ohmic resistance
H02P0009220000	comprising carbon pile resistance
H02P0009240000	due to variation of make-to-break ratio of intermittently-operating contacts, e.g. using Tirrill regulator
H02P0009260000	using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices (H02P0009340000 takes precedence)
H02P0009280000	using discharge tubes
H02P0009300000	using semiconductor devices
H02P0009320000	using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation (H02P0009340000 takes precedence)
H02P0009340000	using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation in combination with controlled discharge tube or controlled semiconductor device
H02P0009360000	using armature-reaction-excited machines
H02P0009380000	Self-excitation by current derived from rectification of both output voltage and output current of generator
H02P0009400000	by variation of reluctance of magnetic circuit of generator
H02P0009420000	to obtain desired frequency without varying speed of the generator
H02P0009440000	Control of frequency and voltage in predetermined relation, e.g. constant ratio
H02P0009460000	Control of asynchronous generator by variation of capacitor
H02P0009480000	Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle (H02P0009040000-H02P0009460000 take precedence)
H02P0011000000	Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric converters
H02P0011040000	for controlling dynamo-electric converters having a dc output
H02P0011060000	for controlling dynamo-electric converters having an ac output
H02P0013000000	Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
H02P0013060000	by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
H02P0013080000	by sliding current collector along winding
H02P0013100000	by moving core, coil winding, or shield, e.g. by induction regulator
H02P0013120000	by varying magnetic bias
H02P0015000000	Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric brakes or clutches (vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0015020000	Conjoint control of brakes and clutches
H02P0017000000	Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric gears (vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0021000000	Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
H02P0021020000	specially adapted for optimising the efficiency at low load
H02P0021040000	specially adapted for very low speeds
H02P0021050000	specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
H02P0021060000	Rotor flux based control involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
H02P0021080000	Indirect field-oriented control; Rotor flux feed-forward control
H02P0021090000	Field phase angle calculation based on rotor voltage equation by adding slip frequency and speed proportional frequency
H02P0021100000	Direct field-oriented control; Rotor flux feed-back control
H02P0021120000	Stator flux based control involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
H02P0021130000	Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
H02P0021140000	Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
H02P0021160000	Estimation of constants, e.g. the rotor time constant
H02P0021180000	Estimation of position or speed
H02P0021200000	Estimation of torque
H02P0021220000	Current control, e.g. using a current control loop
H02P0021240000	Vector control not involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
H02P0021260000	Rotor flux based control
H02P0021280000	Stator flux based control
H02P0021300000	Direct torque control [DTC] or field acceleration method [FAM]
H02P0021320000	Determining the initial rotor position (H02P0021340000 takes precedence)
H02P0021340000	Arrangements for starting
H02P0021360000	Arrangements for braking or slowing; Four quadrant control
H02P0023000000	Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
H02P0023020000	specially adapted for optimising the efficiency at low load
H02P0023030000	specially adapted for very low speeds
H02P0023040000	specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
H02P0023060000	Controlling the motor in four quadrants
H02P0023070000	Polyphase or monophase asynchronous induction motors
H02P0023080000	Controlling based on slip frequency, e.g. adding slip frequency and speed proportional frequency
H02P0023100000	Controlling by adding a dc current
H02P0023120000	Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
H02P0023140000	Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
H02P0023160000	Controlling the angular speed of one shaft (H02P0023180000 takes precedence)
H02P0023180000	Controlling the angular speed together with angular position or phase
H02P0023200000	Controlling the acceleration or deceleration
H02P0023220000	Controlling the speed digitally using a reference oscillator, a speed proportional pulse rate feedback and a digital comparator
H02P0023240000	Controlling the direction, e.g. clockwise or counterclockwise
H02P0023260000	Power factor control [PFC]
H02P0023280000	Controlling the motor by varying the switching frequency of switches connected to a DC supply and the motor phases
H02P0023300000	Direct torque control [DTC] or field acceleration method [FAM]
H02P0025000000	Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
H02P0025020000	characterised by the kind of motor
H02P0025022000	Synchronous motors (H02P0025064000 takes precedence)
H02P0025024000	controlled by supply frequency
H02P0025026000	thereby detecting the rotor position
H02P0025028000	with four quadrant control
H02P0025030000	with brushless excitation
H02P0025032000	Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating motors
H02P0025034000	Voice coil motors (voice coil motors driven by DC H02P0007025000)
H02P0025040000	Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
H02P0025060000	Linear motors
H02P0025062000	of the induction type
H02P0025064000	of the synchronous type
H02P0025066000	of the stepping type
H02P0025080000	Reluctance motors
H02P0025083000	Arrangements for increasing the switching speed from one coil to the next one
H02P0025086000	Commutation
H02P0025089000	Sensorless control (direct torque control H02P0023300000)
H02P0025092000	Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
H02P0025098000	Arrangements for reducing torque ripple
H02P0025100000	Commutator motors, e.g. repulsion motors
H02P0025120000	with shiftable brushes
H02P0025140000	Universal motors (H02P0025120000 takes precedence)
H02P0025160000	characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
H02P0025180000	with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
H02P0025200000	for pole-changing
H02P0025220000	Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
H02P0025240000	Variable impedance in stator or rotor circuit
H02P0025260000	with arrangements for controlling secondary impedance
H02P0025280000	using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation, e.g. transductors
H02P0025300000	the motor being controlled by a control effected upon an ac generator supplying it
H02P0025320000	using discharge tubes
H02P0027000000	Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage (of two or more motors H02P0005000000;of synchronous motors with electronic commutators H02P0006000000;of DC motors H02P0007000000;of stepping motors H02P0008000000)
H02P0027020000	using supply voltage with constant frequency and variable amplitude
H02P0027024000	using AC supply for only the rotor circuit or only the stator circuit
H02P0027040000	using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
H02P0027048000	using AC supply for only the rotor circuit or only the stator circuit
H02P0027050000	using AC supply for both the rotor and the stator circuits, the frequency of supply to at least one circuit being variable
H02P0027060000	using dc to ac converters or inverters (H02P0027050000 takes precedence)
H02P0027080000	with pulse width modulation
H02P0027100000	using bang-bang controllers
H02P0027120000	pulsing by guiding the flux vector, current vector or voltage vector on a circle or a closed curve, e.g. for direct torque control
H02P0027140000	with three or more levels of voltage
H02P0027160000	using ac to ac converters without intermediate conversion to dc (H02P0027050000 takes precedence)
H02P0027180000	varying the frequency by omitting half waves
H02P0029000000	Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors (arrangements for starting electric motors H02P0001000000;arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors H02P0003000000;control of motors that can be connected to two or more different electric power supplies H02P0004000000;regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors H02P0005000000;vector control H02P0021000000)
H02P0029020000	Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply (protection against faults of stepper motors H02P0008360000)
H02P0029024000	Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
H02P0029028000	the motor continuing operation despite the fault condition, e.g. eliminating, compensating for or remedying the fault
H02P0029032000	Preventing damage to the motor, e.g. setting individual current limits for different drive conditions
H02P0029040000	by means of a separate brake
H02P0029100000	for preventing overspeed or under speed
H02P0029200000	for controlling one motor used for different sequential operations
H02P0029400000	Regulating or controlling the amount of current drawn or delivered by the motor for controlling the mechanical load
H02P0029500000	Reduction of harmonics
H02P0029600000	Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive (H02P0029020000 takes precedence)
H02P0029620000	for raising the temperature of the motor
H02P0029640000	Controlling or determining the temperature of the winding
H02P0029660000	Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor
H02P0029680000	based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
H02P0031000000	Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors not provided for in groups H02P0001000000-H02P0005000000, H02P0007000000 or H02P0021000000-H02P0029000000
H02P0101000000	Indexing scheme associated with groups relating to the arrangements for controlling electric generators
H02P0101000000	Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
H02P0101100000	for water-driven turbines
H02P0101150000	for wind-driven turbines
H02P0101200000	for steam-driven turbines
H02P0101250000	for combustion engines
H02P0101300000	for aircraft
H02P0101350000	for ships
H02P0101400000	for railway vehicles
H02P0101450000	for motor vehicles, e.g. car alternators
H02P0103000000	Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator
H02P0103100000	of the asynchronous type
H02P0103200000	of the synchronous type
H02S	Generation of electric power by conversion of infra-red radiation, visible light or ultraviolet light, e.g. using photovoltaic [PV] modules (solar heat collectors F24J0002000000;obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources G21H0001120000;light sensitive inorganic semiconductor devices H01L0031000000;thermoelectric devices H01L0035000000;pyroelectric devices H01L0037000000;light sensitive organic semiconductor devices H01L0051420000)
H02S0010000000	PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
H02S0010100000	including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems (combinations with gas-turbine plants F02C0006000000)
H02S0010120000	Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
H02S0010200000	Systems characterised by their energy storage means (H02S0040380000 takes precedence)
H02S0010300000	Thermophotovoltaic systems (photovoltaic cells specially adapted for conversion or sensing of infra-red [IR] radiation H01L0031000000;thermoelectric devices H01L0035000000)
H02S0010400000	Mobile PV generator systems
H02S0020000000	Supporting structures for PV modules
H02S0020100000	Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground (H02S0020300000 takes precedence)
H02S0020200000	Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object (H02S0020300000 takes precedence)
H02S0020210000	specially adapted for motorways, e.g. integrated with sound barriers
H02S0020220000	specially adapted for buildings
H02S0020230000	specially adapted for roof structures (roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D0013180000)
H02S0020240000	specially adapted for flat roofs
H02S0020250000	Roof tile elements
H02S0020260000	Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements (H02S0020250000 takes precedence)
H02S0020300000	Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
H02S0020320000	specially adapted for solar tracking
H02S0030000000	Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion (semiconductor device aspects of modules of electrolytic light sensitive devices H01G0009200000, of inorganic PV modules H01L0031000000, of organic PV modules H01L0051420000)
H02S0030100000	Frame structures
H02S0030200000	Collapsible or foldable PV modules
H02S0040000000	Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S0010000000-H02S0030000000
H02S0040100000	Cleaning arrangements
H02S0040120000	Means for removing snow
H02S0040200000	Optical components
H02S0040220000	Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means (directly associated with the PV cell or integrated with the PV cell H01L0031054000)
H02S0040300000	Electrical components
H02S0040320000	comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02S0040340000	comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S0040360000	characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02S0040380000	Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
H02S0040400000	Thermal components (H02S0010300000 takes precedence)
H02S0040420000	Cooling means (cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell H01L0031052000)
H02S0040440000	Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time (directly associated with the PV cell or integrated with the PV cell H01L0031052500)
H02S0050000000	Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
H02S0050100000	Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells (testing of semiconductor devices during manufacturing H01L0021660000)
H02S0050150000	using optical means, e.g. using electroluminescence
H02S0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03	BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
H03B	GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H;masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H)
H03B0001000000	Details
H03B0001020000	Structural details of power oscillators, e.g. for heating (generators for heating by electromagnetic fields H05B0006000000)
H03B0001040000	Reducing undesired oscillations, e.g. harmonics
H03B0005000000	Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input (H03B0009000000, H03B0015000000 take precedence)
H03B0005020000	Details
H03B0005040000	Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. power supply, load, temperature
H03B0005060000	Modifications of generator to ensure starting of oscillations (starting of generators H03L0003000000)
H03B0005080000	with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
H03B0005100000	active element in amplifier being vacuum tube (H03B0005140000 takes precedence)
H03B0005120000	active element in amplifier being semiconductor device (H03B0005140000, H03B0007060000 take precedence)
H03B0005140000	the frequency-determining element being connected via a bridge circuit to a closed loop in which the signal is transmitted
H03B0005160000	active element in amplifier being vacuum tube
H03B0005180000	with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
H03B0005200000	with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator
H03B0005220000	active element in amplifier being vacuum tube (H03B0005260000 takes precedence)
H03B0005240000	active element in amplifier being semiconductor device (H03B0005260000 takes precedence)
H03B0005260000	the frequency-determining element being part of a bridge circuit in a closed loop in which the signal is transmitted; the frequency-determining element being connected via a bridge circuit to such a closed loop, e.g. Wien-Bridge oscillator, parallel-T oscillator
H03B0005280000	active element in amplifier being vacuum tube
H03B0005300000	with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
H03B0005320000	being a piezo-electric resonator
H03B0005340000	active element in amplifier being vacuum tube (H03B0005380000 takes precedence)
H03B0005360000	active element in amplifier being semiconductor device (H03B0005380000 takes precedence)
H03B0005380000	the frequency-determining element being connected via a bridge circuit to a closed loop in which the signal is transmitted
H03B0005400000	being a magnetostrictive resonator (H03B0005420000 takes precedence)
H03B0005420000	the frequency-determining element being connected via a bridge circuit to a closed loop in which the signal is transmitted
H03B0007000000	Generation of oscillations using active element having a negative resistance between two of its electrodes (H03B0009000000 takes precedence)
H03B0007020000	with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
H03B0007040000	active element being vacuum tube
H03B0007060000	active element being semiconductor device
H03B0007080000	being a tunnel diode
H03B0007100000	active element being gas-discharge or arc-discharge tube
H03B0007120000	with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
H03B0007140000	active element being semiconductor device
H03B0009000000	Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
H03B0009010000	using discharge tubes
H03B0009020000	using a retarding-field tube (using klystrons H03B0009040000)
H03B0009040000	using a klystron
H03B0009060000	using a reflex klystron
H03B0009080000	using a travelling-wave tube
H03B0009100000	using a magnetron
H03B0009120000	using solid state devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices
H03B0009140000	and elements comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
H03B0011000000	Generation of oscillations using a shock-excited tuned circuit (with feedback H03B0005000000)
H03B0011020000	excited by spark
H03B0011040000	excited by interrupter
H03B0011060000	by mechanical interrupter
H03B0011080000	interrupter being discharge tube
H03B0011100000	interrupter being semiconductor device
H03B0013000000	Generation of oscillations using deflection of electron beam in a cathode-ray tube
H03B0015000000	Generation of oscillations using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, devices using spin transfer effects, devices using giant magnetoresistance, or using super-conductivity effects
H03B0017000000	Generation of oscillations using a radiation source and a detector
H03B0019000000	Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
H03B0019030000	using non-linear inductance
H03B0019050000	using non-linear capacitance, e.g. varactor diodes
H03B0019060000	by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes
H03B0019080000	by means of a discharge device
H03B0019100000	using multiplication only
H03B0019120000	using division only
H03B0019140000	by means of a semiconductor device
H03B0019160000	using uncontrolled rectifying devices, e.g. rectifying diodes or Schottky diodes
H03B0019180000	and elements comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
H03B0019200000	being diodes exhibiting charge storage or enhancement effects
H03B0021000000	Generation of oscillations by combining unmodulated signals of different frequencies (H03B0019000000 takes precedence)
H03B0021010000	by beating unmodulated signals of different frequencies
H03B0021020000	by plural beating, i.e. for frequency synthesis
H03B0021040000	using several similar stages
H03B0023000000	Generation of oscillations periodically swept over a predetermined frequency range
H03B0025000000	Simultaneous generation by a free-running oscillator of oscillations having different frequencies
H03B0027000000	Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs
H03B0028000000	Generation of oscillations by methods not covered by groups H03B0005000000-H03B0027000000, including modification of the waveform to produce sinusoidal oscillations (analogue function generators for performing computing operations G06G0007260000)
H03B0029000000	Generation of noise currents and voltages (gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode specially adapted as noise generators H01J0017000000)
H03C	MODULATION (masers or lasers H01S;coding, decoding or code conversion H03M)
H03C0001000000	Amplitude modulation (H03C0005000000, H03C0007000000 take precedence)
H03C0001020000	Details
H03C0001040000	Means in, or combined with, modulating stage for reducing angle modulation
H03C0001060000	Modifications of modulator to reduce distortion, e.g. by feedback, and clearly applicable to more than one type of modulator
H03C0001080000	by means of variable impedance element (H03C0001280000-H03C0001340000, H03C0001460000-H03C0001520000, H03C0001620000 take precedence)
H03C0001100000	the element being a current-dependent inductor
H03C0001120000	the element being a voltage-dependent capacitor
H03C0001140000	the element being a diode
H03C0001160000	by means of discharge device having at least three electrodes (H03C0001280000-H03C0001340000, H03C0001500000, H03C0001520000, H03C0001620000 take precedence)
H03C0001180000	carrier applied to control grid
H03C0001200000	modulating signal applied to anode
H03C0001220000	modulating signal applied to same grid
H03C0001240000	modulating signal applied to different grid
H03C0001260000	modulating signal applied to cathode
H03C0001280000	by means of transit-time tube
H03C0001300000	by means of a magnetron
H03C0001320000	by deflection of electron beam in discharge tube
H03C0001340000	by means of light-sensitive element
H03C0001360000	by means of semiconductor device having at least three electrodes (H03C0001340000, H03C0001500000, H03C0001520000, H03C0001620000 take precedence)
H03C0001380000	carrier applied to base of a transistor
H03C0001400000	modulating signal applied to collector
H03C0001420000	modulating signal applied to base
H03C0001440000	modulating signal applied to emitter
H03C0001460000	Modulators with mechanically-driven or acoustically-driven parts
H03C0001480000	by means of Hall-effect devices
H03C0001500000	by converting angle modulation to amplitude modulation (H03C0001280000-H03C0001340000, H03C0001460000, H03C0001480000 take precedence)
H03C0001520000	Modulators in which carrier or one sideband is wholly or partially suppressed (H03C0001280000-H03C0001340000, H03C0001460000, H03C0001480000 take precedence)
H03C0001540000	Balanced modulators, e.g. bridge type, ring type or double balanced type
H03C0001560000	comprising variable two-pole elements only
H03C0001580000	comprising diodes
H03C0001600000	with one sideband wholly or partially suppressed
H03C0001620000	Modulators in which amplitude of carrier component in output is dependent upon strength of modulating signal, e.g. no carrier output when no modulating signal is present (H03C0001280000-H03C0001340000, H03C0001460000, H03C0001480000 take precedence)
H03C0003000000	Angle modulation (H03C0005000000, H03C0007000000 take precedence)
H03C0003020000	Details
H03C0003040000	Means in, or combined with, modulating stage for reducing amplitude modulation
H03C0003060000	Means for changing frequency deviation
H03C0003080000	Modifications of modulator to linearise modulation, e.g. by feedback, and clearly applicable to more than one type of modulator
H03C0003090000	Modifications of modulator for regulating the mean frequency
H03C0003100000	by means of variable impedance (H03C0003300000-H03C0003380000 take precedence)
H03C0003120000	by means of a variable reactive element
H03C0003140000	simulated by circuit comprising active element with at least three electrodes, e.g. reactance-tube circuit
H03C0003160000	in which the active element simultaneously serves as the active element of an oscillator
H03C0003180000	the element being a current-dependent inductor
H03C0003200000	the element being a voltage-dependent capacitor
H03C0003220000	the element being a semiconductor diode, e.g. varicap diode
H03C0003240000	by means of a variable resistive element, e.g. tube
H03C0003260000	comprising two elements controlled in push-pull by modulating signal
H03C0003280000	using variable impedance driven mechanically or acoustically
H03C0003300000	by means of transit-time tube
H03C0003320000	the tube being a magnetron
H03C0003340000	by deflection of electron beam in discharge tube
H03C0003360000	by means of light-sensitive element
H03C0003380000	by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation
H03C0003400000	using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated
H03C0003420000	by means of electromechanical devices (H03C0003280000 takes precedence)
H03C0005000000	Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal (H03C0007000000 takes precedence)
H03C0005020000	by means of transit-time tube
H03C0005040000	the tube being a magnetron
H03C0005060000	by deflection of electron beam in discharge tube
H03C0007000000	Modulating electromagnetic waves (devices or arrangements for the modulation of light G02F0001000000)
H03C0007020000	in transmission line, waveguide, cavity resonator, or radiation field of aerial
H03C0007040000	Polarisation of transmitted wave being modulated
H03C0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03D	DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER (masers, lasers H01S;circuits capable of acting both as modulator and demodulator H03C, e.g. balanced modulators H03C0001540000;details applicable to both modulators and frequency-changers H03C;demodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal H03K0009000000;transforming types of pulse modulation H03K0011000000;relay systems, e.g. repeater stations H04B0007140000;demodulators adapted for digitally modulated-carrier systems H04L0027000000;synchronous demodulators adapted for colour television H04N0009660000)
H03D0001000000	Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations (H03D0005000000, H03D0009000000, H03D0011000000 take precedence;amplitude demodulators adapted for digitally modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying, single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation H04L0027060000)
H03D0001020000	Details
H03D0001040000	Modifications of demodulators to reduce interference by undesired signals
H03D0001060000	Modifications of demodulators to reduce distortion, e.g. by negative feedback
H03D0001080000	by means of non-linear two-pole elements (H03D0001220000, H03D0001260000, H03D0001280000 take precedence)
H03D0001100000	of diodes
H03D0001120000	with provision for equalising ac and dc loads
H03D0001140000	by means of non-linear elements having more than two poles (H03D0001220000, H03D0001260000, H03D0001280000 take precedence)
H03D0001160000	of discharge tubes
H03D0001180000	of semiconductor devices
H03D0001200000	with provision for preventing undesired type of demodulation, e.g. preventing anode detection in a grid detection circuit
H03D0001220000	Homodyne or synchrodyne circuits
H03D0001240000	for demodulation of signals wherein one sideband or the carrier has been wholly or partially suppressed
H03D0001260000	by means of transit-time tubes
H03D0001280000	by deflecting an electron beam in a discharge tube (H03D0001260000 takes precedence)
H03D0003000000	Demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations (H03D0005000000, H03D0009000000, H03D0011000000 take precedence;frequency demodulators adapted for digitally modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency shift keying H04L0027140000;phase demodulators adapted for digitally modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase shift keying H04L0027220000)
H03D0003020000	by detecting phase difference between two signals obtained from input signal (H03D0003280000-H03D0003320000 take precedence)
H03D0003040000	by counting or integrating cycles of oscillations
H03D0003060000	by combining signals additively or in product demodulators
H03D0003080000	by means of diodes, e.g. Foster-Seeley discriminator
H03D0003100000	in which the diodes are simultaneously conducting during the same half period of the signal, e.g. ratio detector
H03D0003120000	by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes
H03D0003140000	by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H03D0003160000	by means of electromechanical resonators
H03D0003180000	by means of synchronous gating arrangements
H03D0003200000	producing pulses whose amplitude or duration depends on the phase difference
H03D0003220000	by means of active elements with more than two electrodes to which two signals are applied derived from the signal to be demodulated and having a phase difference related to the frequency deviation, e.g. phase detector
H03D0003240000	Modifications of demodulators to reject or remove amplitude variations by means of locked-in oscillator circuits
H03D0003260000	by means of sloping amplitude/frequency characteristic of tuned or reactive circuit (H03D0003280000-H03D0003320000 take precedence)
H03D0003280000	Modifications of demodulators to reduce effect of temperature variations
H03D0003300000	by means of transit-time tubes
H03D0003320000	by deflecting an electron beam in a discharge tube (H03D0003300000 takes precedence)
H03D0003340000	by means of electromechanical devices (H03D0003160000 takes precedence)
H03D0005000000	Circuits for demodulating amplitude-modulated or angle-modulated oscillations at will (H03D0009000000, H03D0011000000 take precedence;demodulators adapted for digitally modulated carrier systems characterised by combinations of amplitude and angle modulation, e.g. quadrature amplitude modulation H04L0027380000)
H03D0007000000	Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing (H03D0009000000, H03D0011000000 take precedence;dielectric amplifiers, magnetic amplifiers, parametric amplifiers used as frequency-changers H03F)
H03D0007020000	by means of diodes (H03D0007140000-H03D0007220000 take precedence)
H03D0007040000	having negative resistance characteristic, e.g. tunnel diode
H03D0007060000	by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes (H03D0007140000-H03D0007220000 take precedence)
H03D0007080000	the signals to be mixed being applied between the same two electrodes
H03D0007100000	the signals to be mixed being applied between different pairs of electrodes
H03D0007120000	by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes (H03D0007140000-H03D0007220000 take precedence)
H03D0007140000	Balanced arrangements
H03D0007160000	Multiple frequency-changing (superheterodyne receivers H04B0001260000)
H03D0007180000	Modifications of frequency-changers for eliminating image frequencies
H03D0007200000	by means of transit-time tubes
H03D0007220000	by deflecting an electron beam in a discharge tube (H03D0007200000 takes precedence)
H03D0009000000	Demodulation or transference of modulation of modulated electromagnetic waves (devices or arrangements for demodulating light, transferring the modulation of modulated light or for changing the frequency of light G02F0002000000)
H03D0009020000	Demodulation using distributed inductance and capacitance, e.g. in feeder lines
H03D0009040000	for angle-modulated oscillations
H03D0009060000	Transference of modulation using distributed inductance and capacitance
H03D0011000000	Super-regenerative demodulator circuits
H03D0011020000	for amplitude-modulated oscillations
H03D0011040000	by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H03D0011060000	for angle-modulated oscillations
H03D0011080000	by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H03D0013000000	Circuits for comparing the phase or frequency of two mutually-independent oscillations (arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents G01R0025000000)
H03D0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03F	AMPLIFIERS (measuring, testing G01R;optical parametric amplifiers G02F;circuit arrangements with secondary emission tubes H01J0043300000;masers, lasers H01S;dynamo-electric amplifiers H02K;control of amplification H03G;coupling arrangements independent of the nature of the amplifier, voltage dividers H03H;amplifiers capable only of dealing with pulses H03K;repeater circuits in transmission lines H04B0003360000, H04B0003580000;application of speech amplifiers in telephonic communication H04M0001600000, H04M0003400000)
H03F0001000000	Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
H03F0001020000	Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
H03F0001040000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001060000	to raise the efficiency of amplifying modulated radio frequency waves; to raise the efficiency of amplifiers acting also as modulators
H03F0001070000	Doherty-type amplifiers
H03F0001080000	Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements (wide-band amplifiers with inter-stage coupling networks incorporating these impedances H03F0001420000;eliminating transit-time effects in vacuum tubes H01J0021340000)
H03F0001100000	by use of amplifying elements with multiple electrode connections
H03F0001120000	by use of attenuating means
H03F0001130000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001140000	by use of neutralising means
H03F0001160000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001180000	by use of distributed coupling
H03F0001200000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001220000	by use of cascode coupling, i.e. earthed cathode or emitter stage followed by earthed grid or base stage respectively
H03F0001240000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001260000	Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
H03F0001280000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001300000	Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage
H03F0001320000	Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion (by negative feedback H03F0001340000)
H03F0001330000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001340000	Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback (H03F0001020000-H03F0001300000, H03F0001380000-H03F0001500000, H03F0003500000 take precedence)
H03F0001360000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001380000	Positive-feedback circuit arrangements without negative feedback
H03F0001400000	in discharge-tube amplifiers
H03F0001420000	Modifications of amplifiers to extend the bandwidth
H03F0001440000	of tuned amplifiers
H03F0001460000	with tubes only
H03F0001480000	of aperiodic amplifiers
H03F0001500000	with tubes only
H03F0001520000	Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
H03F0001540000	with tubes only
H03F0001560000	Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
H03F0003000000	Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
H03F0003020000	with tubes only (subsequent subgroups take precedence)
H03F0003040000	with semiconductor devices only (subsequent subgroups take precedence)
H03F0003060000	using hole storage effect
H03F0003080000	controlled by light
H03F0003100000	with diodes
H03F0003120000	with Esaki diodes
H03F0003140000	with amplifying devices having more than three electrodes or more than two PN junctions
H03F0003160000	with field-effect devices
H03F0003180000	with semiconductor devices of complementary types (subsequent subgroups take precedence)
H03F0003181000	Low-frequency amplifiers, e.g. audio preamplifiers
H03F0003183000	with semiconductor devices only
H03F0003185000	with field-effect devices (H03F0003187000 takes precedence)
H03F0003187000	in integrated circuits
H03F0003189000	High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
H03F0003190000	with semiconductor devices only
H03F0003191000	Tuned amplifiers (H03F0003193000, H03F0003195000 take precedence)
H03F0003193000	with field-effect devices (H03F0003195000 takes precedence)
H03F0003195000	in integrated circuits
H03F0003200000	Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers (H03F0003260000-H03F0003300000 take precedence)
H03F0003210000	with semiconductor devices only
H03F0003213000	in integrated circuits
H03F0003217000	Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
H03F0003220000	with tubes only (H03F0003240000 takes precedence)
H03F0003240000	of transmitter output stages
H03F0003260000	Push-pull amplifiers; Phase-splitters therefor (duplicated single-ended push-pull arrangements or phase-splitters therefor H03F0003300000)
H03F0003280000	with tubes only
H03F0003300000	Single-ended push-pull amplifiers; Phase-splitters therefor
H03F0003320000	with tubes only
H03F0003340000	Dc amplifiers in which all stages are dc-coupled (H03F0003450000 takes precedence)
H03F0003343000	with semiconductor devices only
H03F0003345000	with field-effect devices (H03F0003347000 takes precedence)
H03F0003347000	in integrated circuits
H03F0003360000	with tubes only
H03F0003380000	Dc amplifiers with modulator at input and demodulator at output; Modulators or demodulators specially adapted for use in such amplifiers (modulators in general H03C;demodulators in general H03D;amplitude modulation of pulses in general H03K0007020000;amplitude demodulation of pulses in general H03K0009020000)
H03F0003387000	with semiconductor devices only
H03F0003393000	with field-effect devices
H03F0003400000	with tubes only
H03F0003420000	Amplifiers with two or more amplifying elements having their dc paths in series with the load, the control electrode of each element being excited by at least part of the input signal, e.g. so-called totem-pole amplifiers
H03F0003440000	with tubes only
H03F0003450000	Differential amplifiers
H03F0003460000	Reflex amplifiers
H03F0003480000	with tubes only
H03F0003500000	Amplifiers in which input is applied to, or output is derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
H03F0003520000	with tubes only
H03F0003540000	Amplifiers using transit-time effect in tubes or semiconductor devices (parametric amplifiers H03F0007000000;solid state travelling-wave devices H01L0045020000)
H03F0003550000	with semiconductor devices only
H03F0003560000	using klystrons
H03F0003580000	using travelling-wave tubes
H03F0003600000	Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators (H03F0003540000 takes precedence)
H03F0003620000	Two-way amplifiers
H03F0003640000	with tubes only
H03F0003660000	Amplifiers simultaneously generating oscillations of one frequency and amplifying signals of another frequency
H03F0003680000	Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics
H03F0003700000	Charge amplifiers
H03F0003720000	Gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
H03F0005000000	Amplifiers with both discharge tubes and semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
H03F0007000000	Parametric amplifiers (devices or arrangements for the parametric generation or amplification of light, infra-red or ultra-violet waves G02F0001390000)
H03F0007020000	using variable-inductance element; using variable-permeability element
H03F0007040000	using variable-capacitance element; using variable-permitivity element
H03F0007060000	with electron beam tube
H03F0009000000	Magnetic amplifiers
H03F0009020000	current-controlled, i.e. the load current flowing in both directions through a main coil
H03F0009040000	voltage-controlled, i.e. the load current flowing in only one direction through a main coil, e.g. Logan circuits (H03F0009060000 takes precedence)
H03F0009060000	Control by voltage time integral, i.e. the load current flowing in only one direction through a main coil, whereby the main coil winding also can be used as a control winding, e.g. Ramey circuits
H03F0011000000	Dielectric amplifiers
H03F0013000000	Amplifiers using amplifying element consisting of two mechanically- or acoustically-coupled transducers, e.g. telephone-microphone amplifier
H03F0015000000	Amplifiers using galvano-magnetic effects not involving mechanical movement, e.g. using Hall effect
H03F0017000000	Amplifiers using electroluminescent element or photocell
H03F0019000000	Amplifiers using superconductivity effects
H03F0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03G	CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION (impedance networks, e.g. attenuators, H03H;control of transmission in lines H04B0003040000)
H03G0001000000	Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
H03G0001020000	Remote control of amplification, tone, or bandwidth (remote control in general G05, G08;combined with remote tuning or selection of resonant circuits H03J)
H03G0001040000	Modifications of control circuit to reduce distortion caused by control (modifications to reduce influence of variations of internal impedance of amplifying elements caused by control H03F0001080000)
H03G0003000000	Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers (gated amplifiers H03F0003720000;peculiar to television receivers H04N)
H03G0003020000	Manually-operated control
H03G0003040000	in untuned amplifiers
H03G0003060000	having discharge tubes
H03G0003080000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0003100000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0003120000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0003140000	in frequency-selective amplifiers
H03G0003160000	having discharge tubes
H03G0003180000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0003200000	Automatic control (combined with volume compression or expansion H03G0007000000)
H03G0003220000	in amplifiers having discharge tubes
H03G0003240000	Control dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level
H03G0003260000	Muting amplifier when no signal is present
H03G0003280000	in frequency-modulation receivers
H03G0003300000	in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
H03G0003320000	the control being dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level
H03G0003340000	Muting amplifier when no signal is present
H03G0005000000	Tone control or bandwidth control in amplifiers
H03G0005020000	Manually-operated control (variable bandpass or bandstop filters H03H0007120000)
H03G0005040000	in untuned amplifiers
H03G0005060000	having discharge tubes
H03G0005080000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0005100000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0005120000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0005140000	in frequency-selective amplifiers
H03G0005160000	Automatic control
H03G0005180000	in untuned amplifiers
H03G0005200000	having discharge tubes
H03G0005220000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0005240000	in frequency-selective amplifiers
H03G0005260000	having discharge tubes
H03G0005280000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0007000000	Volume compression or expansion in amplifiers
H03G0007020000	having discharge tubes
H03G0007040000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0007060000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0007080000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0009000000	Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control
H03G0009020000	in untuned amplifiers (combined tone controls for low and high frequencies H03G0005000000)
H03G0009040000	having discharge tubes
H03G0009060000	for gain control and tone control
H03G0009080000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0009100000	for tone control and volume expansion or compression
H03G0009120000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0009140000	for gain control and tone control
H03G0009160000	incorporating negative feedback
H03G0009180000	for tone control and volume expansion or compression
H03G0009200000	in frequency-selective amplifiers
H03G0009220000	having discharge tubes
H03G0009240000	having semiconductor devices
H03G0009260000	in untuned amplifying stages as well as in frequency-selective amplifying stages (gain control in both stages H03G0003000000;tone control or bandwidth control H03G0005000000)
H03G0009280000	all amplifying stages having discharge tubes
H03G0009300000	all amplifying stages having semiconductor devices
H03G0011000000	Limiting amplitude; Limiting rate of change of amplitude
H03G0011020000	by means of diodes (H03G0011040000, H03G0011060000, H03G0011080000 take precedence)
H03G0011040000	Limiting level dependent on strength of signal; Limiting level dependent on strength of carrier on which signal is modulated
H03G0011060000	Limiters of angle-modulated signals; such limiters combined with discriminators (discriminators having an inherent limiting action H03D0003000000)
H03G0011080000	Limiting rate of change of amplitude
H03G0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03H	IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS (measuring, testing G01R;arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound G10K0015080000;impedance networks or resonators consisting of distributed impedances, e.g. of the waveguide type, H01P;control of amplification, e.g. bandwidth control of amplifiers, H03G;tuning resonant circuits, e.g. tuning coupled resonant circuits, H03J;networks for modifying the frequency characteristics of communication systems H04B)
H03H0001000000	Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one type of network (constructional details of electromechanical transducers H03H0009000000)
H03H0001020000	RC networks, e.g. filters (structural combinations of capacitors with other electric elements H01G)
H03H0002000000	Networks using elements or techniques not provided for in groups H03H0003000000-H03H0021000000
H03H0003000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
H03H0003007000	for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
H03H0003013000	for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient (H03H0003040000, H03H0003100000 take precedence)
H03H0003020000	for the manufacture of piezo-electric or electrostrictive resonators or networks (H03H0003080000 takes precedence)
H03H0003040000	for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient
H03H0003060000	for the manufacture of magnetostrictive resonators or networks
H03H0003080000	for the manufacture of resonators or networks using surface acoustic waves
H03H0003100000	for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient
H03H0005000000	One-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
H03H0005020000	without voltage- or current-dependent elements
H03H0005100000	comprising at least one element with prescribed temperature coefficient
H03H0005120000	with at least one voltage- or current-dependent element
H03H0007000000	Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components (receiver input circuits H04B0001180000;networks simulating a length of communication cable H04B0003400000)
H03H0007010000	Frequency selective two-port networks
H03H0007030000	comprising means for compensation of loss
H03H0007060000	including resistors (H03H0007075000, H03H0007090000, H03H0007120000, H03H0007130000 take precedence)
H03H0007065000	Parallel T-filters
H03H0007070000	Bridged T-filters
H03H0007075000	Ladder networks, e.g. electric wave filters
H03H0007090000	Filters comprising mutual inductance
H03H0007120000	Bandpass or bandstop filters with adjustable bandwidth and fixed centre frequency (H03H0007090000 takes precedence;automatic control of bandwidth in amplifiers H03G0005160000)
H03H0007130000	using electro-optical elements
H03H0007180000	Networks for phase shifting
H03H0007190000	Two-port phase shifters providing a predetermined phase shift, e.g. "all-pass" filters
H03H0007200000	Two-port phase shifters providing an adjustable phase shift
H03H0007210000	providing two or more phase shifted output signals, e.g. n-phase output
H03H0007240000	Frequency-independent attenuators
H03H0007250000	comprising an element controlled by an electric or magnetic variable (H03H0007270000 takes precedence)
H03H0007270000	comprising a photo-electric element
H03H0007300000	Time-delay networks
H03H0007320000	with lumped inductance and capacitance
H03H0007340000	with lumped and distributed reactance
H03H0007380000	Impedance-matching networks
H03H0007400000	Automatic matching of load impedance to source impedance
H03H0007420000	Balance/unbalance networks
H03H0007460000	Networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on different frequencies or frequency bands, to a common load or source (for use in multiplex transmission systems H04J0001000000)
H03H0007480000	Networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on the same frequency or frequency band, to a common load or source (phase shifters providing two or more output signals H03H0007210000)
H03H0007520000	One-way transmission networks, i.e. unilines
H03H0007540000	Modifications of networks to reduce influence of variations of temperature
H03H0009000000	Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators (manufacture of piezo-electric or magnetostrictive elements H01L0041000000;loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or the like H04R)
H03H0009020000	Details
H03H0009050000	Holders; Supports
H03H0009080000	Holders with means for regulating temperature
H03H0009090000	Elastic or damping supports
H03H0009100000	Mounting in enclosures
H03H0009120000	for networks with interaction of optical and acoustic waves
H03H0009125000	Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
H03H0009130000	for networks consisting of piezo-electric or electrostrictive materials (H03H0009145000 takes precedence)
H03H0009135000	for networks consisting of magnetostrictive materials (H03H0009145000 takes precedence)
H03H0009145000	for networks using surface acoustic waves
H03H0009150000	Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezo-electric or electrostrictive material (H03H0009250000 takes precedence)
H03H0009170000	having a single resonator (crystal tuning forks H03H0009210000)
H03H0009190000	consisting of quartz
H03H0009205000	having multiple resonators (crystal tuning forks H03H0009210000)
H03H0009210000	Crystal tuning forks
H03H0009215000	consisting of quartz
H03H0009220000	Constructional features of resonators consisting of magnetostricitve material
H03H0009240000	Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezo-electric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive
H03H0009250000	Constructional features of resonators using surface acoustic waves
H03H0009300000	Time-delay networks
H03H0009360000	with non-adjustable delay time (H03H0009400000, H03H0009420000 take precedence)
H03H0009380000	with adjustable delay time (H03H0009400000, H03H0009420000 take precedence)
H03H0009400000	Frequency-dependent delay lines, e.g. dispersive delay lines (H03H0009420000 takes precedence)
H03H0009420000	using surface acoustic waves
H03H0009440000	Frequency-dependent delay lines, e.g. dispersive delay lines
H03H0009460000	Filters (multiple-port electromechanical filters H03H0009700000)
H03H0009480000	Coupling means therefor
H03H0009500000	Mechanical coupling means
H03H0009520000	Electric coupling means
H03H0009540000	comprising resonators of piezo-electric or electrostrictive material (H03H0009640000 takes precedence)
H03H0009560000	Monolithic crystal filters
H03H0009580000	Multiple crystal filters
H03H0009600000	Electric coupling means therefor
H03H0009620000	comprising resonators of magnetostrictive material (H03H0009640000 takes precedence)
H03H0009640000	using surface acoustic waves
H03H0009660000	Phase shifters
H03H0009680000	using surface acoustic waves
H03H0009700000	Multiple-port networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on different frequencies or frequency bands, to a common or source
H03H0009720000	Networks using surface acoustic waves
H03H0009740000	Multiple-port networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on the same frequency or frequency band, to a common load or source (networks for phase shifting H03H0009660000)
H03H0009760000	Networks using surface acoustic waves
H03H0011000000	Networks using active elements
H03H0011020000	Multiple-port networks
H03H0011040000	Frequency selective two-port networks
H03H0011060000	comprising means for compensation of loss
H03H0011080000	using gyrators
H03H0011100000	using negative impedance converters (H03H0011080000 takes precedence)
H03H0011120000	using amplifiers with feedback (H03H0011080000, H03H0011100000 take precedence)
H03H0011140000	using electro-optical devices
H03H0011160000	Networks for phase shifting
H03H0011180000	Two-port phase shifters providing a predetermined phase shift, e.g. "all-pass" filters
H03H0011200000	Two-port phase shifters providing an adjustable phase shift
H03H0011220000	providing two or more phase shifted output signals, e.g. n-phase output
H03H0011240000	Frequency-independent attenuators
H03H0011260000	Time-delay networks (analogue shift registers G11C0027040000)
H03H0011280000	Impedance matching networks
H03H0011300000	Automatic matching of source impedance to load impedance
H03H0011320000	Balance-unbalance networks
H03H0011340000	Networks for connecting several sources or loads working on different frequencies or frequency bands, to a common load or source (for use in multiplex transmission systems H04J0001000000)
H03H0011360000	Networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on the same frequency or frequency band, to a common load or source (phase shifters providing two or more output signals H03H0011220000)
H03H0011380000	One-way transmission networks, i.e. unilines
H03H0011400000	Impedance converters
H03H0011420000	Gyrators (used in frequency selective networks H03H0011080000)
H03H0011440000	Negative impedance converters (H03H0011420000 takes precedence;used in frequency-selective networks H03H0011100000)
H03H0011460000	One-port networks
H03H0011480000	simulating reactances
H03H0011500000	using gyrators
H03H0011520000	simulating negative resistances
H03H0011540000	Modifications of networks to reduce influence of variations of temperature
H03H0015000000	Transversal filters (electromechanical filters H03H0009460000, H03H0009700000)
H03H0015020000	using analogue shift registers
H03H0017000000	Networks using digital techniques
H03H0017020000	Frequency-selective networks
H03H0017040000	Recursive filters
H03H0017060000	Non-recursive filters
H03H0017080000	Networks for phase-shifting
H03H0019000000	Networks using time-varying elements, e.g. N-path filters
H03H0021000000	Adaptive networks
H03J	TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS (indicating arrangements for measuring G01D;measuring, testing G01R;remote-control in general G05, G08;automatic control or stabilisation of generators H03L)
H03J0001000000	Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general (machine elements in general F16;coupling of knobs to shafts F16D)
H03J0001020000	Indicating arrangements
H03J0001040000	with optical indicating means
H03J0001060000	Driving or adjusting arrangements; combined with other driving or adjusting arrangements, e.g. of gain control
H03J0001080000	Toothed-gear drive; Worm drive
H03J0001100000	Rope drive; Chain drive
H03J0001120000	Friction drive
H03J0001140000	Special arrangements for fine and coarse tuning
H03J0001160000	Single control means independently performing two or more functions
H03J0001180000	Control by auxiliary power
H03J0001200000	the auxiliary power being switched on as long as controlling current is switched on
H03J0001220000	with stepping arrangements actuated by control pulses
H03J0003000000	Continuous tuning (H03J0007000000, H03J0009000000 take precedence;combination of continuous and discontinuous tuning other than for bandspreading H03J0005000000)
H03J0003020000	Details
H03J0003040000	Arrangements for compensating for variations of physical values, e.g. temperature (automatic control of ambient conditions G05D)
H03J0003060000	Arrangements for obtaining constant bandwidth or gain throughout tuning range or ranges (automatic gain control H03G)
H03J0003080000	by varying a second parameter simultaneously with the tuning, e.g. coupling bandpass filter
H03J0003100000	Circuit arrangements for fine tuning, e.g. bandspreading
H03J0003120000	Electrically-operated arrangements for indicating correct tuning
H03J0003140000	Visual indication, e.g. magic eye
H03J0003160000	Tuning without displacement of reactive element, e.g. by varying permeability
H03J0003180000	by discharge tube or semiconductor device simulating variable reactance
H03J0003200000	of single resonant circuit by varying inductance only or capacitance only
H03J0003220000	of single resonant circuit by varying inductance and capacitance simultaneously
H03J0003240000	of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the circuits being tuned to substantially the same frequency, e.g. for single-knob tuning
H03J0003260000	the circuits being coupled so as to form a bandpass filter
H03J0003280000	of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the tuning frequencies of the circuits having a substantially constant difference throughout the tuning range
H03J0003300000	Arrangements for ensuring tracking with variable inductors
H03J0003320000	Arrangements for ensuring tracking with variable capacitors
H03J0005000000	Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner (H03J0007000000, H03J0009000000 take precedence;for bandspreading H03J0003100000)
H03J0005020000	with variable tuning element having a number of predetermined settings and adjustable to a desired one of these settings
H03J0005040000	operated by hand
H03J0005060000	Settings determined by single indexing means with snap action
H03J0005080000	Settings determined by a number of separately-actuated positioning means
H03J0005100000	Settings determined by a number of positioning means mounted on a common support, which is adjustable to desired positions, a different positioning means being in operation in each position
H03J0005120000	Settings determined by a number of separately-actuated driving means which adjust the tuning element directly to desired settings
H03J0005140000	operated by auxiliary power
H03J0005160000	Settings determined by a number of separate positioning means actuated by hand
H03J0005180000	Settings determined by a number of separate positioning means actuated by electromagnets
H03J0005200000	Settings determined by a number of positioning means actuated by a second means adjustable to different positions by the same or by a second auxiliary power
H03J0005220000	Settings determined by a number of separately actuated driving means which adjust the tuning element directly to desired settings
H03J0005240000	with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection, for television channel selection (switches in general H01H)
H03J0005260000	operated by hand
H03J0005280000	Tuning circuits or elements supported on a revolving member with contacts arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis
H03J0005300000	Tuning circuits or elements supported on a revolving member with contacts arranged in lines parallel to the axis
H03J0005320000	Stationary tuning circuits or elements selected by push-button
H03J0007000000	Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies
H03J0007020000	Automatic frequency control (H03J0007180000 takes precedence;automatic tuning control for television receivers H04N0005500000)
H03J0007040000	where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant
H03J0007060000	using counters or frequency dividers
H03J0007080000	using varactors, i.e. voltage variable reactive diodes (H03J0007060000 takes precedence)
H03J0007100000	Modification of automatic frequency control sensitivity or linearising automatic frequency control operation
H03J0007120000	Combination of automatic frequency control voltage with stabilised varactor supply voltage
H03J0007140000	Controlling the magnetic state of inductor cores (H03J0007060000 takes precedence)
H03J0007160000	where the frequency control is accomplished by mechanical means, e.g. by a motor
H03J0007180000	Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies
H03J0007200000	where the scanning is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element
H03J0007220000	in which an automatic frequency control circuit is brought into action after the scanning action has been stopped (H03J0007240000 takes precedence)
H03J0007240000	using varactors, i.e. voltage variable reactive diodes (H03J0007280000 takes precedence)
H03J0007260000	in which an automatic frequency control circuit is brought into action after the scanning action has been stopped
H03J0007280000	using counters or frequency dividers
H03J0007300000	where the scanning is accomplished by mechanical means, e.g. by a motor
H03J0007320000	with simultaneous display of received frequencies, e.g. panoramic receivers
H03J0009000000	Remote-control of tuned circuits; Combined remote-control of tuning and other functions, e.g. brightness, amplification (mechanical remote-control arrangements H03J0001000000)
H03J0009020000	using radio transmission; using near-field transmission
H03J0009040000	using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
H03J0009060000	using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light
H03K	PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R;modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L;discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D0003040000;automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L;coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)
H03K0003000000	Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits (H03K0004000000 takes precedence;for digital function generators in computers G06F0001020000)
H03K0003010000	Details
H03K0003011000	Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature
H03K0003012000	Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption
H03K0003013000	Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference
H03K0003014000	Modifications of generator to ensure starting of oscillations
H03K0003015000	Modifications of generator to maintain energy constant
H03K0003017000	Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses (pulse width modulation H03K0007080000)
H03K0003020000	Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses (H03K0003640000-H03K0003840000 take precedence)
H03K0003021000	by the use, as active elements, of more than one type of element or means, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
H03K0003023000	by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback
H03K0003023100	Astable circuits
H03K0003023200	Monostable circuits
H03K0003023300	Bistable circuits
H03K0003023400	Multistable circuits
H03K0003027000	by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
H03K0003030000	Astable circuits
H03K0003033000	Monostable circuits
H03K0003037000	Bistable circuits
H03K0003038000	Multistable circuits
H03K0003040000	by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback (H03K0003023000, H03K0003027000 take precedence)
H03K0003050000	using means other than a transformer for feedback
H03K0003060000	using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
H03K0003080000	astable
H03K0003090000	Stabilisation of output
H03K0003100000	monostable
H03K0003120000	bistable
H03K0003130000	Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger
H03K0003140000	multistable
H03K0003160000	using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core
H03K0003220000	specially adapted for amplitude comparison, i.e. Multiar
H03K0003260000	by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H03K0003023000, H03K0003027000 take precedence)
H03K0003280000	using means other than a transformer for feedback
H03K0003281000	using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
H03K0003282000	astable
H03K0003283000	Stabilisation of output
H03K0003284000	monostable
H03K0003286000	bistable
H03K0003287000	using additional transistors in the feedback circuit (H03K0003289000 takes precedence)
H03K0003288000	using additional transistors in the input circuit (H03K0003289000 takes precedence)
H03K0003288500	the input circuit having a differential configuration
H03K0003289000	of the master-slave type
H03K0003289300	Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger
H03K0003289700	with an input circuit of differential configuration
H03K0003290000	multistable
H03K0003300000	using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K0003313000	by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with two electrodes, one or two potential-jump barriers, and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic
H03K0003315000	the devices being tunnel diodes
H03K0003330000	by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect
H03K0003335000	by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect
H03K0003350000	by the use, as active elements, of bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region (H03K0003023000, H03K0003027000 take precedence)
H03K0003351000	the devices being unijunction transistors (H03K0003352000 takes precedence)
H03K0003352000	the devices being thyristors
H03K0003352500	Anode gate thyristors or programmable unijunction transistors
H03K0003353000	by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H03K0003023000, H03K0003027000 take precedence)
H03K0003354000	Astable circuits
H03K0003355000	Monostable circuits
H03K0003356000	Bistable circuits
H03K0003356200	of the master-slave type
H03K0003356500	Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger
H03K0003356800	Multistable circuits
H03K0003357000	by the use, as active elements, of bulk negative resistance devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices
H03K0003360000	by the use, as active elements, of semiconductors, not otherwise provided for
H03K0003370000	by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes, e.g. astable trigger circuits (H03K0003550000 takes precedence)
H03K0003380000	by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices
H03K0003400000	by the use, as active elements, of electrochemical cells
H03K0003420000	by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
H03K0003430000	by the use, as active elements, of beam deflection tubes
H03K0003450000	by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
H03K0003470000	the devices being parametrons
H03K0003490000	the devices being ferro-resonant
H03K0003510000	the devices being multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxors
H03K0003530000	by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (H03K0003335000 takes precedence)
H03K0003537000	the switching device being a spark gap
H03K0003543000	the switching device being a vacuum tube
H03K0003550000	the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode
H03K0003570000	the switching device being a semiconductor device
H03K0003590000	by the use of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices
H03K0003640000	Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
H03K0003660000	by interrupting the output of a generator
H03K0003700000	time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal
H03K0003720000	with means for varying repetition rate of trains
H03K0003780000	Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
H03K0003800000	Generating trains of sinusoidal oscillations (by keying or interruption of sinusoidal oscillations H03C; for transmission of digital information H04L)
H03K0003840000	Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators
H03K0003860000	Generating pulses by means of delay lines and not covered by the preceding subgroups
H03K0004000000	Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
H03K0004020000	having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform
H03K0004040000	having parabolic shape
H03K0004060000	having triangular shape
H03K0004080000	having sawtooth shape
H03K0004100000	using as active elements vacuum tubes only
H03K0004120000	in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
H03K0004140000	using two tubes so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator
H03K0004160000	using a single tube with positive feedback through transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K0004180000	using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron
H03K0004200000	using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
H03K0004220000	combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron
H03K0004240000	Boot-strap generators
H03K0004260000	in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
H03K0004280000	using a tube operating as a switching device
H03K0004320000	combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K0004340000	using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer
H03K0004360000	using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron
H03K0004380000	combined with Miller integrator
H03K0004390000	using a tube operating as an amplifier
H03K0004410000	with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
H03K0004430000	combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K0004480000	using as active elements semiconductor devices (H03K0004787000-H03K0004840000 take precedence)
H03K0004500000	in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
H03K0004501000	the starting point of the flyback period being determined by the amplitude of the voltage across the capacitor, e.g. by a comparator
H03K0004502000	the capacitor being charged from a constant-current source
H03K0004520000	using two semiconductor devices so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator
H03K0004540000	using a single semiconductor device with positive feedback through a transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K0004560000	using a semiconductor device with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
H03K0004580000	Boot-strap generators
H03K0004600000	in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
H03K0004620000	using a semiconductor device operating as a switching device
H03K0004640000	combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K0004660000	using a single device with positive feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K0004680000	Generators in which the switching device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle
H03K0004690000	using a semiconductor device operating as an amplifier
H03K0004710000	with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
H03K0004720000	combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K0004787000	using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic
H03K0004793000	using tunnel diodes
H03K0004800000	using as active elements multi-layer diodes
H03K0004830000	using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions or with more than three electrodes or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
H03K0004840000	Generators in which the semiconductor device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle
H03K0004860000	using as active elements gas-filled tubes
H03K0004880000	using as active elements electrochemical cells
H03K0004900000	Linearisation of ramp (modifying slopes of pulses H03K0006040000;scanning distortion correction for television receivers H04N0003230000); Synchronisation of pulses
H03K0004920000	having a waveform comprising a portion of a sinusoid (generating sinusoidal oscillations H03B)
H03K0004940000	having trapezoidal shape
H03K0005000000	Manipulation of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass (circuits with regenerative action H03K0003000000, H03K0004000000;by the use of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices H03K0003450000)
H03K0005003000	Changing the DC level (reinsertion of dc component of a television signal H04N0005160000)
H03K0005007000	Base line stabilisation (thresholding H03K0005080000)
H03K0005010000	Shaping pulses (discrimination against noise or interference H03K0005125000)
H03K0005020000	by amplifying (H03K0005040000 takes precedence)
H03K0005040000	by increasing duration; by decreasing duration
H03K0005050000	by the use of clock signals or other time reference signals
H03K0005060000	by the use of delay lines or other analogue delay elements
H03K0005070000	by the use of resonant circuits
H03K0005080000	by limiting, by thresholding, by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding (H03K0005070000 takes precedence;comparing one pulse with another H03K0005220000;providing a determined threshold for switching H03K0017300000)
H03K0005120000	by steepening leading or trailing edges
H03K0005125000	Discriminating pulses (measuring characteristics of individual pulses G01R0029020000;separation of synchronising signals in television systems H04N0005080000)
H03K0005125200	Suppression or limitation of noise or interference (specially adapted for transmission systems H04B0015000000, H04L0025080000)
H03K0005125400	specially adapted for pulses generated by closure of switches, i.e. anti-bouncing devices (debouncing circuits for electronic time-pieces G04G0005000000)
H03K0005130000	Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
H03K0005131000	Digitally controlled
H03K0005133000	using a chain of active-delay devices
H03K0005134000	with field-effect transistors
H03K0005135000	by the use of time reference signals, e.g. clock signals
H03K0005140000	by the use of delay lines (H03K0005133000 takes precedence)
H03K0005145000	by the use of resonant circuits
H03K0005150000	Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors (distributing, switching, or gating arrangements H03K0017000000)
H03K0005151000	with two complementary outputs
H03K0005153000	Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant (switching at zero crossing H03K0017130000)
H03K0005153200	Peak detectors (measuring characteristics of individual pulses G01R0029020000)
H03K0005153400	Transition or edge detectors
H03K0005153600	Zero-crossing detectors (in measuring circuits G01R0019175000)
H03K0005156000	Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern
H03K0005159000	Applications of delay lines not covered by the preceding subgroups
H03K0005190000	Monitoring patterns of pulse trains (indicating amplitude G01R0019000000;indicating frequency G01R0023000000;measuring characteristics of individual pulses G01R0029020000)
H03K0005220000	Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral (indicating phase difference of two cyclic pulse trains G01R0025000000)
H03K0005240000	the characteristic being amplitude
H03K0005260000	the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence
H03K0006000000	Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass (circuits with regenerative action H03K0004000000)
H03K0006020000	Amplifying pulses
H03K0006040000	Modifying slopes of pulses, e.g. S-correction (S-correction in television H04N0003230000)
H03K0007000000	Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
H03K0007020000	Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM
H03K0007040000	Position modulation, i.e. PPM
H03K0007060000	Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM
H03K0007080000	Duration or width modulation
H03K0007100000	Combined modulation, e.g. rate modulation and amplitude modulation
H03K0009000000	Demodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal
H03K0009020000	of amplitude-modulated pulses
H03K0009040000	of position-modulated pulses
H03K0009060000	of frequency- or rate-modulated pulses
H03K0009080000	of duration- or width-modulated pulses
H03K0009100000	of pulses having combined modulation
H03K0011000000	Transforming types of modulation, e.g. position-modulated pulses into duration-modulated pulses
H03K0012000000	Producing pulses by distorting or combining sinusoidal waveforms (shaping pulses H03K0005010000;combining sinewaves using elements operating in a non-switching manner H03B0021000000)
H03K0017000000	Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking (gated amplifiers H03F0003720000;switching arrangements for exchange systems using static devices H04Q0003520000)
H03K0017040000	Modifications for accelerating switching
H03K0017041000	without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
H03K0017041200	by measures taken in the control circuit
H03K0017041400	Anti-saturation measures
H03K0017041600	by measures taken in the output circuit
H03K0017042000	by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
H03K0017042200	Anti-saturation measures
H03K0017042400	by the use of a transformer
H03K0017060000	Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
H03K0017080000	Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
H03K0017081000	without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
H03K0017081200	by measures taken in the control circuit
H03K0017081400	by measures taken in the output circuit
H03K0017082000	by feedback from the output to the control circuit
H03K0017100000	Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
H03K0017120000	Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current
H03K0017130000	Modifications for switching at zero crossing (generating an impulse at zero crossing H03K0005153600)
H03K0017140000	Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature
H03K0017160000	Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
H03K0017180000	Modifications for indicating state of switch
H03K0017200000	Modifications for resetting core switching units to a predetermined state
H03K0017220000	Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied (bi-stable generators H03K0003120000)
H03K0017240000	Storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails
H03K0017260000	Modifications for temporary blocking after receipt of control pulses
H03K0017280000	Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching (modifications to provide a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action H03K0017296000)
H03K0017284000	in field-effect transistor switches
H03K0017288000	in tube switches
H03K0017292000	in thyristor, unijunction transistor or programmable unijunction transistor switches
H03K0017296000	Modifications to provide a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed (electronic clocks comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time-intervals G04G0015000000)
H03K0017300000	Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching (shaping pulses by thresholding H03K0005080000)
H03K0017510000	characterised by the use of specified components (H03K0017040000-H03K0017300000, H03K0017940000 take precedence)
H03K0017520000	by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes
H03K0017540000	by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes (using diodes H03K0017740000)
H03K0017560000	by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices (using diodes H03K0017740000)
H03K0017567000	Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
H03K0017580000	the devices being tunnel diodes
H03K0017600000	the devices being bipolar transistors (bipolar transistors having four or more electrodes H03K0017720000)
H03K0017605000	with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K0017780000 takes precedence)
H03K0017610000	using transformer coupling
H03K0017615000	in a Darlington configuration
H03K0017620000	Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K0019000000;code converters H03M0005000000, H03M0007000000)
H03K0017640000	having inductive loads
H03K0017660000	Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will
H03K0017680000	specially adapted for switching ac currents or voltages
H03K0017687000	the devices being field-effect transistors
H03K0017689000	with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K0017780000 takes precedence)
H03K0017691000	using transformer coupling
H03K0017693000	Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K0019000000;code converters H03M0005000000, H03M0007000000)
H03K0017695000	having inductive loads (protecting switching circuit against inductive flyback voltage H03K0017080000)
H03K0017700000	the devices having only two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance (the devices being tunnel diodes H03K0017580000)
H03K0017720000	Bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, e.g. thyristors, programmable unijunction transistors, or with more than three electrodes, e.g. silicon controlled switches, or with more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region, e.g. unijunction transistors
H03K0017722000	with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K0017780000 takes precedence)
H03K0017723000	using transformer coupling
H03K0017725000	for ac voltages or currents (H03K0017722000, H03K0017735000 take precedence)
H03K0017730000	for dc voltages or currents (H03K0017722000, H03K0017735000 take precedence)
H03K0017732000	Measures for enabling turn-off
H03K0017735000	Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (H03K0017722000 takes precedence;logic circuits H03K0019000000;code converters H03M0005000000, H03M0007000000)
H03K0017740000	by the use, as active elements, of diodes (by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device H03K0017567000;by the use of tunnel diodes H03K0017580000;by the use of negative resistance diodes H03K0017700000)
H03K0017760000	Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K0019000000;code converters H03M0005000000, H03M0007000000)
H03K0017780000	by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
H03K0017785000	controlling field-effect transistor switches
H03K0017790000	controlling semiconductor switches with more than two PN-junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
H03K0017795000	controlling bipolar transistors
H03K0017800000	by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
H03K0017810000	Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K0019000000;code converters H03M0005000000, H03M0007000000)
H03K0017820000	the devices being transfluxors
H03K0017840000	the devices being thin-film devices
H03K0017860000	the devices being twistors
H03K0017880000	by the use, as active elements, of beam-deflection tubes
H03K0017900000	by the use, as active elements, of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices (H03K0017950000, H03K0017970000 take precedence)
H03K0017920000	by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices
H03K0017940000	characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
H03K0017945000	Proximity switches (H03K0017960000 takes precedence)
H03K0017950000	using a magnetic detector
H03K0017955000	using a capacitive detector
H03K0017960000	Touch switches (specially adapted for electronic time-pieces with no moving parts G04G0021080000)
H03K0017965000	Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
H03K0017967000	having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard (H03K0017969000, H03K0017972000, H03K0017980000 take precedence)
H03K0017968000	using opto-electronic devices
H03K0017969000	having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard
H03K0017970000	using a magnetic movable element
H03K0017972000	having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard
H03K0017975000	using a capacitive movable element
H03K0017980000	having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard
H03K0019000000	Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output (circuits for computer systems using fuzzy logic G06N0007020000); Inverting circuits
H03K0019003000	Modifications for increasing the reliability
H03K0019007000	Fail-safe circuits
H03K0019010000	Modifications for accelerating switching
H03K0019013000	in bipolar transistor circuits
H03K0019017000	in field-effect transistor circuits
H03K0019017500	Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements (interface arrangements for digital computers G06F0003000000, G06F0013000000)
H03K0019018000	using bipolar transistors only
H03K0019018500	using field-effect transistors only
H03K0019020000	using specified components (H03K0019003000-H03K0019017500 take precedence)
H03K0019040000	using gas-filled tubes
H03K0019060000	using vacuum tubes (using diode rectifiers H03K0019120000)
H03K0019080000	using semiconductor devices (H03K0019173000 takes precedence;wherein the semiconductor devices are only diode rectifiers H03K0019120000)
H03K0019082000	using bipolar transistors
H03K0019084000	Diode–transistor logic
H03K0019086000	Emitter coupled logic
H03K0019088000	Transistor–transistor logic
H03K0019090000	Resistor–transistor logic
H03K0019091000	Integrated injection logic or merged transistor logic
H03K0019094000	using field-effect transistors
H03K0019094400	using MOSFET (H03K0019096000 takes precedence)
H03K0019094800	using CMOS
H03K0019095200	using Schottky type FET (H03K0019096000 takes precedence)
H03K0019095600	Schottky diode FET logic (H03K0019096000 takes precedence)
H03K0019096000	Synchronous circuits, i.e. using clock signals
H03K0019098000	using thyristors
H03K0019100000	using tunnel diodes
H03K0019120000	using diode rectifiers
H03K0019140000	using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled (optical logic elements G02F0003000000)
H03K0019160000	using saturable magnetic devices
H03K0019162000	using parametrons
H03K0019164000	using ferro-resonant devices
H03K0019166000	using transfluxors
H03K0019168000	using thin-film devices
H03K0019170000	using twistors
H03K0019173000	using elementary logic circuits as components
H03K0019177000	arranged in matrix form
H03K0019180000	using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices
H03K0019185000	using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors
H03K0019190000	using ferro-resonant devices
H03K0019195000	using superconductive devices
H03K0019200000	characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits (H03K0019003000-H03K0019010000 take precedence)
H03K0019210000	EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits, i.e. giving output if input signal exists at only one input; COINCIDENCE circuits, i.e. giving output only if all input signals are identical
H03K0019230000	Majority or minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the majority or the minority of the inputs
H03K0021000000	Details of pulse counters or frequency dividers
H03K0021020000	Input circuits
H03K0021080000	Output circuits
H03K0021100000	comprising logic circuits
H03K0021120000	with parallel read-out
H03K0021140000	with series read-out of number stored
H03K0021160000	Circuits for carrying-over pulses between successive decades
H03K0021170000	with field-effect transistors
H03K0021180000	Circuits for visual indication of the result
H03K0021200000	using glow-discharge lamps
H03K0021380000	Starting, stopping, or resetting the counter (counters with a base other than a power of two H03K0023480000, H03K0023660000)
H03K0021400000	Monitoring; Error detection; Preventing or correcting improper counter operation
H03K0023000000	Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains (H03K0029000000 takes precedence)
H03K0023400000	Gating or clocking signals applied to all stages, i.e. synchronous counters
H03K0023420000	Out-of-phase gating or clocking signals applied to counter stages
H03K0023440000	using field-effect transistors
H03K0023460000	using charge transfer devices, i.e. bucket brigade or charge coupled devices
H03K0023480000	with a base or radix other than a power of two (H03K0023420000 takes precedence)
H03K0023500000	using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits (H03K0023420000-H03K0023480000 take precedence)
H03K0023520000	using field-effect transistors
H03K0023540000	Ring counters, i.e. feedback shift register counters (H03K0023520000 takes precedence)
H03K0023560000	Reversible counters (H03K0023520000 takes precedence)
H03K0023580000	Gating or clocking signals not applied to all stages, i.e. asynchronous counters (H03K0023740000-H03K0023840000 take precedence)
H03K0023600000	with field-effect transistors
H03K0023620000	reversible
H03K0023640000	with a base or radix other than a power of two (H03K0023400000-H03K0023620000 take precedence)
H03K0023660000	with a variable counting base, e.g. by presetting or by adding or suppressing pulses
H03K0023680000	with a base which is a non-integer
H03K0023700000	with a base which is an odd number (H03K0023660000 takes precedence)
H03K0023720000	Decade counters (H03K0023660000 takes precedence)
H03K0023740000	using relays
H03K0023760000	using magnetic cores or ferro-electric capacitors
H03K0023780000	using opto-electronic devices
H03K0023800000	using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode
H03K0023820000	using gas-filled tubes
H03K0023840000	using thyristors or unijunction transistors
H03K0023860000	reversible (H03K0023400000-H03K0023840000 take precedence)
H03K0025000000	Pulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers
H03K0025020000	comprising charge storage, e.g. capacitor without polarisation hysteresis
H03K0025040000	using auxiliary pulse generator triggered by the incoming pulses
H03K0025120000	comprising hysteresis storage
H03K0027000000	Pulse counters in which pulses are continuously circulated in a closed loop; Analogous frequency dividers (feedback shift register counters H03K0023540000)
H03K0029000000	Pulse counters comprising multi-stable elements, e.g. for ternary scale, for decimal scale; Analogous frequency dividers
H03K0029040000	using multi-cathode gas discharge tubes
H03K0029060000	using beam-type tubes, e.g. magnetrons, cathode-ray tubes
H03K0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03L	AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES (of dynamo-electric generators H02P)
H03L0001000000	Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply (automatic control H03L0005000000, H03L0007000000)
H03L0001020000	against variations of temperature only
H03L0001040000	Constructional details for maintaining temperature constant
H03L0003000000	Starting of generators
H03L0005000000	Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
H03L0005020000	of power
H03L0007000000	Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation (tuning of resonant circuits in general H03J;synchronising in digital communication systems, see the relevant groups in class H04)
H03L0007020000	using a frequency discriminator comprising a passive frequency-determining element
H03L0007040000	wherein the frequency-determining element comprises distributed inductance and capacitance
H03L0007060000	using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
H03L0007070000	using several loops, e.g. for redundant clock signal generation (for indirect frequency synthesis H03L0007220000)
H03L0007080000	Details of the phase-locked loop
H03L0007081000	provided with an additional controlled phase shifter
H03L0007083000	the reference signal being additionally directly applied to the generator (direct frequency synchronisation without loop H03L0007240000)
H03L0007085000	concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal (H03L0007100000 takes precedence;frequency or phase detection comparison in general H03D0003000000, H03D0013000000)
H03L0007087000	using at least two phase detectors or a frequency and phase detector in the loop
H03L0007089000	the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses (H03L0007087000 takes precedence)
H03L0007091000	the phase or frequency detector using a sampling device (H03L0007087000 takes precedence)
H03L0007093000	using special filtering or amplification characteristics in the loop (H03L0007087000-H03L0007091000 take precedence)
H03L0007095000	using a lock detector (H03L0007087000 takes precedence)
H03L0007097000	using a comparator for comparing the voltages obtained from two frequency to voltage converters
H03L0007099000	concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
H03L0007100000	for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range
H03L0007107000	using a variable transfer function for the loop, e.g. low pass filter having a variable bandwidth
H03L0007113000	using frequency discriminator
H03L0007120000	using a scanning signal (tuning circuits with automatic scanning over a band of frequencies H03J0007180000)
H03L0007140000	for assuring constant frequency when supply or correction voltages fail
H03L0007160000	Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
H03L0007180000	using a frequency divider or counter in the loop (H03L0007200000, H03L0007220000 take precedence)
H03L0007181000	a numerical count result being used for locking the loop, the counter counting during fixed time intervals
H03L0007183000	a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number
H03L0007185000	using a mixer in the loop (H03L0007187000-H03L0007195000 take precedence)
H03L0007187000	using means for coarse tuning the voltage controlled oscillator of the loop (H03L0007191000-H03L0007195000 take precedence)
H03L0007189000	comprising a D/A converter for generating a coarse tuning voltage
H03L0007191000	using at least two different signals from the frequency divider or the counter for determining the time difference (H03L0007193000, H03L0007195000 take precedence)
H03L0007193000	the frequency divider/counter comprising a commutable pre-divider, e.g. a two modulus divider (pulse counters/frequency dividers H03K0021000000-H03K0029000000)
H03L0007195000	in which the counter of the loop counts between two different non zero numbers, e.g. for generating an offset frequency (H03L0007193000 takes precedence;pulse counters for predetermined counting H03K0021000000-H03K0029000000)
H03L0007197000	a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division
H03L0007199000	with reset of the frequency divider or the counter, e.g. for assuring initial synchronisation
H03L0007200000	using a harmonic phase-locked loop, i.e. a loop which can be locked to one of a number of harmonically related frequencies applied to it (H03L0007220000 takes precedence)
H03L0007220000	using more than one loop
H03L0007230000	with pulse counters or frequency dividers
H03L0007240000	using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
H03L0007260000	using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
H03L0009000000	Automatic control not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H03M	CODING, DECODING OR CODE CONVERSION, IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C0004000000;optical analogue/digital converters G02F0007000000;coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N;ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)
H03M0001000000	Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion (conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation H03M0003000000)
H03M0001020000	Reversible analogue/digital converters
H03M0001040000	using stochastic techniques
H03M0001060000	Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters (periodically H03M0001100000)
H03M0001080000	of noise
H03M0001100000	Calibration or testing
H03M0001120000	Analogue/digital converters (H03M0001020000-H03M0001100000 take precedence)
H03M0001140000	Conversion in steps with each step involving the same or a different conversion means and delivering more than one bit
H03M0001160000	with scale factor modification, i.e. by changing the amplification between the steps
H03M0001180000	Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging
H03M0001200000	Increasing resolution using an n bit system to obtain n + m bits, e.g. by dithering
H03M0001220000	pattern-reading type
H03M0001240000	using relatively movable reader and disc or strip
H03M0001260000	with weighted coding, i.e. the weight given to a digit depends on the position of the digit within the block or code word, e.g. there is a given radix and the weights are powers of this radix
H03M0001280000	with non-weighted coding
H03M0001300000	incremental
H03M0001320000	using cathode-ray tubes
H03M0001340000	Analogue value compared with reference values (H03M0001480000 takes precedence)
H03M0001360000	simultaneously only, i.e. parallel type
H03M0001380000	sequentially only, e.g. successive approximation type (converting more than one bit per step H03M0001140000)
H03M0001400000	recirculation type
H03M0001420000	Sequential comparisons in series-connected stages with no change in value of analogue signal
H03M0001440000	Sequential comparisons in series-connected stages with change in value of analogue signal
H03M0001460000	with digital/analogue converter for supplying reference values to converter
H03M0001480000	Servo-type converters
H03M0001500000	with intermediate conversion to time interval (H03M0001640000 takes precedence)
H03M0001520000	Input signal integrated with linear return to datum
H03M0001540000	Input signal sampled and held with linear return to datum
H03M0001560000	Input signal compared with linear ramp
H03M0001580000	Non-linear conversion
H03M0001600000	with intermediate conversion to frequency of pulses
H03M0001620000	Non-linear conversion
H03M0001640000	with intermediate conversion to phase of sinusoidal signals
H03M0001660000	Digital/analogue converters (H03M0001020000-H03M0001100000 take precedence)
H03M0001680000	with conversions of different sensitivity, i.e. one conversion relating to the more significant digital bits and another conversion to the less significant bits
H03M0001700000	Automatic control for modifying converter range
H03M0001720000	Sequential conversion in series-connected stages (H03M0001680000 takes precedence)
H03M0001740000	Simultaneous conversion
H03M0001760000	using switching tree
H03M0001780000	using ladder network
H03M0001800000	using weighted impedances (H03M0001760000 takes precedence)
H03M0001820000	with intermediate conversion to time interval
H03M0001840000	Non-linear conversion
H03M0001860000	with intermediate conversion to frequency of pulses
H03M0001880000	Non-linear conversion
H03M0003000000	Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation
H03M0003020000	Delta modulation, i.e. one-bit differential modulation
H03M0003040000	Differential modulation with several bits
H03M0005000000	Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits
H03M0005020000	Conversion to or from representation by pulses
H03M0005040000	the pulses having two levels
H03M0005060000	Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending only on the information in that bit cell
H03M0005080000	Code representation by pulse width
H03M0005100000	Code representation by pulse frequency
H03M0005120000	Biphase level code, e.g. split phase code, Manchester code; Biphase space or mark code, e.g. double frequency code
H03M0005140000	Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending on the information in one or more adjacent bit cells, e.g. delay modulation code, double density code
H03M0005160000	the pulses having three levels
H03M0005180000	two levels being symmetrical with respect to the third level, i.e. balanced bipolar ternary code
H03M0005200000	the pulses having more than three levels
H03M0005220000	Conversion to or from representation by sinusoidal signals
H03M0007000000	Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
H03M0007020000	Conversion to or from weighted codes, i.e. the weight given to a digit depending on the position of the digit within the block or code word
H03M0007040000	the radix thereof being two
H03M0007060000	the radix thereof being a positive integer different from two
H03M0007080000	the radix being ten, i.e. pure decimal code
H03M0007100000	the radix thereof being negative
H03M0007120000	having two radices, e.g. binary-coded-decimal code
H03M0007140000	Conversion to or from non-weighted codes
H03M0007160000	Conversion to or from unit-distance codes, e.g. Gray code, reflected binary code
H03M0007180000	Conversion to or from residue codes
H03M0007200000	Conversion to or from n-out-of-m codes
H03M0007220000	to or from one-out-of-m codes
H03M0007240000	Conversion to or from floating-point codes
H03M0007260000	Conversion to or from stochastic codes
H03M0007280000	Programmable structures, i.e. where the code converter contains apparatus which is operator-changeable to modify the conversion process
H03M0007300000	Compression (speech analysis-synthesis for redundancy reduction G10L0019000000;for image communication H04N); Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
H03M0007320000	Conversion to or from delta modulation, i.e. one-bit differential modulation
H03M0007340000	adaptive
H03M0007360000	Conversion to or from differential modulation with several bits, i.e. the difference between successive samples being coded by more than one bit
H03M0007380000	adaptive
H03M0007400000	Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
H03M0007420000	using table look-up for the coding or decoding process, e.g. using read-only memory
H03M0007440000	Suppression of irrelevant zeroes
H03M0007460000	Conversion to or from run-length codes, i.e. by representing the number of consecutive digits, or groups of digits, of the same kind by a code word and a digit indicative of that kind
H03M0007480000	alternating with other codes during the code conversion process, e.g. run-length coding being performed only as long as sufficiently long runs of digits of the same kind are present
H03M0007500000	Conversion to or from non-linear codes, e.g. companding
H03M0009000000	Parallel/series conversion or vice versa (digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise G11C0019000000)
H03M0011000000	Coding in connection with keyboards or like devices, i.e. coding of the position of operated keys (keyboard switch arrangements, structural association of coders and keyboards H01H0013700000, H03K0017940000)
H03M0011020000	Details
H03M0011040000	Coding of multifunction keys
H03M0011060000	by operating the multifunction key itself in different ways
H03M0011080000	by operating selected combinations of multifunction keys
H03M0011100000	by methods based on duration or pressure detection of keystrokes
H03M0011120000	by operating a key a selected number of consecutive times whereafter a separate enter key is used which marks the end of the series
H03M0011140000	by using additional keys, e.g. shift keys, which determine the function performed by the multifunction key
H03M0011160000	wherein the shift keys are operated after the operation of the multifunction keys
H03M0011180000	wherein the shift keys are operated before the operation of the multifunction keys
H03M0011200000	Dynamic coding, i.e. by key scanning (H03M0011260000 takes precedence)
H03M0011220000	Static coding (H03M0011260000 takes precedence)
H03M0011240000	using analogue means
H03M0011260000	using opto-electronic means
H03M0013000000	Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes (error detection or error correction for analogue/digital, digital/analogue or code conversion H03M0001000000-H03M0011000000;specially adapted for digital computers G06F0011080000, for information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer G11B, e.g. G11B0020180000, for static stores G11C)
H03M0013010000	Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
H03M0013030000	Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
H03M0013050000	using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
H03M0013070000	Arithmetic codes
H03M0013090000	Error detection only, e.g. using cyclic redundancy check [CRC] codes or single parity bit
H03M0013110000	using multiple parity bits
H03M0013130000	Linear codes
H03M0013150000	Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes (H03M0013170000 takes precedence)
H03M0013170000	Burst error correction, e.g. error trapping, Fire codes
H03M0013190000	Single error correction without using particular properties of the cyclic codes, e.g. Hamming codes, extended or generalised Hamming codes
H03M0013210000	Non-linear codes, e.g. m-bit data word to n-bit code word [mBnB] conversion with error detection or error correction
H03M0013230000	using convolutional codes, e.g. unit memory codes
H03M0013250000	Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
H03M0013270000	using interleaving techniques
H03M0013290000	combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
H03M0013310000	combining coding for error detection or correction and efficient use of the spectrum (without error detection or correction H03M0005140000)
H03M0013330000	Synchronisation based on error coding or decoding
H03M0013350000	Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
H03M0013370000	Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups H03M0013030000-H03M0013350000
H03M0013390000	Sequence estimation, i.e using statistical methods for the reconstruction of the original codes
H03M0013410000	using the Viterbi algorithm or Viterbi processors
H03M0013430000	Majority logic or threshold decoding
H03M0013450000	Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information (H03M0013410000 takes precedence)
H03M0013470000	Error detection, forward error correction or error protection, not provided for in groups H03M0013010000-H03M0013370000
H03M0013490000	Unidirectional error detection or correction
H03M0013510000	Constant weight codes; n-out-of-m codes; Berger codes
H03M0013530000	Codes using Fibonacci numbers series
H03M0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H04	ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
H04B	TRANSMISSION
H04B0001000000	Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B0003000000-H04B0013000000; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
H04B0001020000	Transmitters
H04B0001030000	Constructional details, e.g. casings, housings
H04B0001034000	Portable transmitters
H04B0001036000	Cooling arrangements
H04B0001040000	Circuits
H04B0001060000	Receivers
H04B0001080000	Constructional details, e.g. cabinet
H04B0001100000	Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
H04B0001120000	Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
H04B0001140000	Automatic detuning arrangements
H04B0001160000	Circuits
H04B0001180000	Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an aerial or a transmission line (coupling networks between aerials or lines and receivers independent of the nature of the receiver H03H)
H04B0001200000	for coupling gramophone pick-up, recorder output, or microphone to receiver
H04B0001220000	for receivers in which no local oscillation is generated
H04B0001240000	the receiver comprising at least one semiconductor device having three or more electrodes
H04B0001260000	for superheterodyne receivers (multiple frequency-changing H03D0007160000)
H04B0001280000	the receiver comprising at least one semiconductor device having three or more electrodes
H04B0001300000	for homodyne or synchrodyne receivers (demodulator circuits H03D0001220000)
H04B0001380000	Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
H04B0001380500	with built-in auxiliary receivers
H04B0001381600	Mechanical arrangements for accommodating identification devices, e.g. cards or chips; with connectors for programming identification devices
H04B0001381800	Arrangements for facilitating insertion or removal of identification devices
H04B0001382200	specially adapted for use in vehicles (H04B0001382700 takes precedence)
H04B0001382700	Portable transceivers
H04B0001387700	Arrangements for enabling portable transceivers to be used in a fixed position, e.g. cradles or boosters
H04B0001388300	Arrangements for mounting batteries or battery chargers
H04B0001388800	Arrangements for carrying or protecting transceivers
H04B0001400000	Circuits
H04B0001401000	for selecting or indicating operating mode
H04B0001403000	using the same oscillator for generating both the transmitter frequency and the receiver local oscillator frequency
H04B0001405000	with multiple discrete channels
H04B0001408000	the transmitter oscillator frequency being identical to the receiver local oscillator frequency
H04B0001440000	Transmit/receive switching
H04B0001460000	by voice-frequency signals; by pilot signals
H04B0001480000	in circuits for connecting transmitter and receiver to a common transmission path, e.g. by energy of transmitter
H04B0001500000	using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
H04B0001520000	Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
H04B0001525000	with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
H04B0001540000	using the same frequency for two directions of communication (H04B0001440000 takes precedence)
H04B0001560000	with provision for simultaneous communication in two directions
H04B0001580000	Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
H04B0001590000	Responders; Transponders
H04B0001600000	Supervising unattended repeaters
H04B0001620000	for providing a predistortion of the signal in the transmitter and corresponding correction in the receiver, e.g. for improving the signal/noise ratio
H04B0001640000	Volume compression or expansion arrangements
H04B0001660000	for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission (H04B0001680000 takes precedence)
H04B0001680000	for wholly or partially suppressing the carrier or one side band
H04B0001690000	Spread spectrum techniques
H04B0001692000	Hybrid techniques using combinations of two or more spread spectrum techniques
H04B0001707000	using direct sequence modulation
H04B0001707300	Synchronisation aspects
H04B0001707500	with code phase acquisition
H04B0001707700	Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation
H04B0001708000	Parallel implementation
H04B0001708300	Cell search, e.g. using a three-step approach
H04B0001708500	using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
H04B0001708700	Carrier synchronisation aspects
H04B0001709000	Correlator structure
H04B0001709300	Matched filter type
H04B0001709500	Sliding correlator type
H04B0001709700	Interference-related aspects
H04B0001710000	the interference being narrowband interference
H04B0001710300	the interference being multiple access interference
H04B0001710500	Joint detection techniques, e.g. linear detectors
H04B0001710700	Subtractive interference cancellation
H04B0001711000	the interference being multi-path interference
H04B0001711300	Determination of path profile
H04B0001711500	Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
H04B0001711700	Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
H04B0001712000	Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
H04B0001713000	using frequency hopping
H04B0001713600	Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform
H04B0001714300	Arrangements for generation of hop patterns
H04B0001715000	Interference-related aspects
H04B0001715600	Arrangements for sequence synchronisation
H04B0001716300	using impulse radio
H04B0001717000	Pulse-related aspects
H04B0001717600	Data mapping, e.g. modulation
H04B0001718300	Synchronisation
H04B0001719000	Interference-related aspects
H04B0001720000	Circuits or components for simulating aerials, e.g. dummy aerials
H04B0001740000	for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus
H04B0001760000	Pilot transmitters or receivers for control of transmission or for equalising
H04B0003000000	Line transmission systems (combined with near-field transmission systems H04B0005000000)
H04B0003020000	Details
H04B0003030000	Hybrid circuits (for transceivers H04B0001520000, H04B0001580000)
H04B0003040000	Control of transmission; Equalising
H04B0003060000	by the transmitted signal
H04B0003080000	in negative-feedback path of line amplifier
H04B0003100000	by pilot signal
H04B0003110000	using pilot wire (H04B0003120000 take precedence)
H04B0003120000	in negative-feedback path of line amplifier
H04B0003140000	characterised by the equalising network used
H04B0003160000	characterised by the negative-impedance network used
H04B0003180000	wherein the network comprises semiconductor devices
H04B0003200000	Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other
H04B0003210000	using a set of bandfilters
H04B0003230000	using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers
H04B0003260000	Improving frequency characteristic by the use of loading coils
H04B0003280000	Reducing interference caused by currents induced in cable sheathing or armouring
H04B0003300000	Reducing interference caused by unbalance current in a normally balanced line
H04B0003320000	Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating
H04B0003340000	by systematic interconnection of lengths of cable during laying; by addition of balancing components to cable during laying
H04B0003360000	Repeater circuits (H04B0003580000 takes precedence)
H04B0003380000	for signals in two different frequency ranges transmitted in opposite directions over the same transmission path
H04B0003400000	Artificial lines; Networks simulating a line of certain length
H04B0003420000	Circuits for by-passing of ringing signals
H04B0003440000	Arrangements for feeding power to a repeater along the transmission line
H04B0003460000	Monitoring; Testing
H04B0003462000	Testing group delay or phase shift, e.g. timing jitter
H04B0003466000	Testing attenuation in combination with at least one of group delay and phase shift
H04B0003480000	Testing attenuation (H04B0003466000 takes precedence)
H04B0003487000	Testing crosstalk effects
H04B0003493000	Testing echo effects or singing
H04B0003500000	Systems for transmission between fixed stations via two-conductor transmission lines (H04B0003540000 takes precedence)
H04B0003520000	Systems for transmission between fixed stations via waveguides
H04B0003540000	Systems for transmission via power distribution lines (in alarm signalling systems G08B0025060000)
H04B0003560000	Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
H04B0003580000	Repeater circuits
H04B0003600000	Systems for communication between relatively movable stations, e.g. for communication with lift (H04B0003540000 takes precedence)
H04B0005000000	Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type
H04B0005020000	using transceiver
H04B0005040000	Calling systems, e.g. paging system
H04B0005060000	using a portable transmitter associated with a microphone
H04B0007000000	Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field (H04B0010000000, H04B0015000000 take precedence)
H04B0007005000	Control of transmission; Equalising
H04B0007010000	Reducing phase shift
H04B0007015000	Reducing echo effects
H04B0007020000	Diversity systems
H04B0007040000	using a plurality of spaced independent aerials
H04B0007060000	at transmitting station
H04B0007080000	at receiving station
H04B0007100000	using a single aerial system characterised by its polarisation or directive properties, e.g. polarisation diversity, direction diversity
H04B0007120000	Frequency-diversity systems
H04B0007140000	Relay systems
H04B0007145000	Passive relay systems
H04B0007150000	Active relay systems
H04B0007155000	Ground-based stations (H04B0007204000 takes precedence)
H04B0007165000	employing angle modulation
H04B0007170000	employing pulse modulation, e.g. pulse code modulation
H04B0007185000	Space-based or airborne stations (H04B0007204000 takes precedence)
H04B0007190000	Earth-synchronous stations
H04B0007195000	Non-synchronous stations
H04B0007204000	Multiple access
H04B0007208000	Frequency-division multiple access
H04B0007212000	Time-division multiple access
H04B0007216000	Code-division or spread-spectrum multiple access
H04B0007220000	Scatter propagation systems
H04B0007240000	for communication between two or more posts (wireless communication networks H04W)
H04B0007260000	at least one of which is mobile
H04B0010000000	Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04B0010030000	Arrangements for fault recovery
H04B0010032000	using working and protection systems
H04B0010035000	using loopbacks
H04B0010038000	using bypasses
H04B0010070000	Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
H04B0010071000	using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time-domain reflectometers [OTDRs]
H04B0010073000	using an out-of-service signal (H04B0010071000 takes precedence)
H04B0010075000	using an in-service signal (H04B0010071000 takes precedence)
H04B0010077000	using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B0010079000	using measurements of the data signal
H04B0010110000	Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
H04B0010112000	Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
H04B0010114000	Indoor or close-range type systems
H04B0010116000	Visible light communication
H04B0010118000	specially adapted for satellite communication
H04B0010250000	Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
H04B0010250700	for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
H04B0010251300	due to chromatic dispersion
H04B0010251900	using Bragg gratings
H04B0010252500	using dispersion-compensating fibres
H04B0010253100	using spectral inversion
H04B0010253700	due to scattering processes, e.g. Raman or Brillouin scattering
H04B0010254300	due to fibre non-linearities, e.g. Kerr effect
H04B0010255000	Self-phase modulation [SPM]
H04B0010255700	Cross-phase modulation [XPM]
H04B0010256300	Four-wave mixing [FWM]
H04B0010256900	due to polarisation mode dispersion [PMD]
H04B0010257500	Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
H04B0010258100	Multimode transmission
H04B0010258700	using a single light source for multiple stations
H04B0010270000	Arrangements for networking
H04B0010272000	Star-type networks
H04B0010275000	Ring-type networks
H04B0010278000	Bus-type networks
H04B0010290000	Repeaters
H04B0010291000	in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
H04B0010293000	Signal power control
H04B0010294000	in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
H04B0010296000	Transient power control, e.g. due to channel add/drop or rapid fluctuations in the input power
H04B0010297000	Bidirectional amplification
H04B0010299000	Signal waveform processing, e.g. reshaping or retiming
H04B0010400000	Transceivers
H04B0010430000	using a single component as both light source and receiver, e.g. using a photoemitter as a photoreceiver
H04B0010500000	Transmitters
H04B0010508000	Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons
H04B0010516000	Details of coding or modulation
H04B0010524000	Pulse modulation
H04B0010532000	Polarisation modulation
H04B0010540000	Intensity modulation
H04B0010548000	Phase or frequency modulation
H04B0010556000	Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
H04B0010564000	Power control
H04B0010572000	Wavelength control
H04B0010580000	Compensation for non-linear transmitter output
H04B0010588000	in external modulation systems
H04B0010600000	Receivers
H04B0010610000	Coherent receivers
H04B0010630000	Homodyne
H04B0010640000	Heterodyne
H04B0010660000	Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
H04B0010670000	Optical arrangements in the receiver
H04B0010690000	Electrical arrangements in the receiver
H04B0010700000	Photonic quantum communication
H04B0010800000	Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B0010030000-H04B0010700000, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
H04B0010850000	Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection
H04B0010900000	Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation
H04B0011000000	Transmission systems employing ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
H04B0013000000	Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B0003000000-H04B0011000000
H04B0013020000	Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
H04B0014000000	Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission (details thereof H04B0001000000)
H04B0014020000	characterised by the use of pulse modulation (in radio transmission relays H04B0007170000)
H04B0014040000	using pulse code modulation
H04B0014060000	using differential modulation, e.g. delta modulation
H04B0014080000	characterised by the use of a sub-carrier
H04B0015000000	Suppression or limitation of noise or interference (by means associated with receiver H04B0001100000)
H04B0015020000	Reducing interference from electric apparatus by means located at or near the interfering apparatus
H04B0015040000	the interference being caused by substantially sinusoidal oscillations, e.g. in a receiver or in a tape-recorder
H04B0015060000	by local oscillators of receivers
H04B0017000000	Monitoring; Testing (of line transmission systems H04B0003460000;arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio waves H04B0010070000)
H04B0017100000	of transmitters
H04B0017110000	for calibration
H04B0017120000	of transmit antennas, e.g. of amplitude or phase
H04B0017130000	of power amplifiers, e.g. of gain or non-linearity
H04B0017140000	of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
H04B0017150000	Performance testing
H04B0017160000	Test equipment located at the transmitter
H04B0017170000	Detection of non-compliance or faulty performance, e.g. response deviations (H04B0017180000 takes precedence)
H04B0017180000	Monitoring during normal operation
H04B0017190000	Self-testing arrangements
H04B0017200000	of receivers
H04B0017210000	for calibration; for correcting measurements
H04B0017230000	Indication means, e.g. displays, alarms or audible means
H04B0017240000	with feedback of measurements to the transmitter
H04B0017260000	using historical data, averaging values or statistics
H04B0017270000	for locating or positioning the transmitter
H04B0017290000	Performance testing
H04B0017300000	of propagation channels
H04B0017309000	Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
H04B0017318000	Received signal strength
H04B0017327000	Received signal code power [RSCP]
H04B0017336000	Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
H04B0017345000	Interference values (H04B0017336000 takes precedence)
H04B0017354000	Adjacent channel leakage power
H04B0017364000	Delay profiles
H04B0017373000	Predicting channel quality parameters
H04B0017382000	for resource allocation, admission control or handover
H04B0017391000	Modelling the propagation channel
H04B0017400000	of relay systems
H04H	BROADCAST COMMUNICATION (multiplex communication H04J;pictorial communication aspects of broadcast systems H04N)
H04H0020000000	Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
H04H0020020000	Arrangements for relaying broadcast information
H04H0020040000	from field pickup units [FPU]
H04H0020060000	among broadcast stations
H04H0020080000	among terminal devices
H04H0020100000	Arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast or during the distribution
H04H0020120000	Arrangements for monitoring, testing or troubleshooting
H04H0020140000	for monitoring programmes
H04H0020160000	Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information repeatedly
H04H0020180000	Arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems
H04H0020200000	Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems
H04H0020220000	Arrangements for broadcast of identical information via plural broadcast systems
H04H0020240000	Arrangements for distribution of identical information via broadcast system and non-broadcast system
H04H0020260000	Arrangements for switching distribution systems
H04H0020280000	Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
H04H0020300000	by a single channel
H04H0020310000	using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal
H04H0020330000	by plural channels
H04H0020340000	using an out-of-band subcarrier signal
H04H0020360000	for AM broadcasts
H04H0020380000	Arrangements for distribution where lower stations, e.g. receivers, interact with the broadcast
H04H0020400000	Arrangements for broadcast specially adapted for accumulation-type receivers
H04H0020420000	Arrangements for resource management
H04H0020440000	Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast
H04H0020460000	specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H0020530000-H04H0020860000
H04H0020470000	specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast systems
H04H0020480000	for FM stereophonic broadcast systems
H04H0020490000	for AM stereophonic broadcast systems
H04H0020510000	specially adapted for satellite broadcast systems
H04H0020530000	Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers
H04H0020550000	for traffic information
H04H0020570000	for mobile receivers
H04H0020590000	for emergency or urgency
H04H0020610000	for local area broadcast, e.g. instore broadcast
H04H0020620000	for transportation systems, e.g. in vehicles
H04H0020630000	to plural spots in a confined site, e.g. MATV [Master Antenna Television]
H04H0020650000	Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
H04H0020670000	Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency
H04H0020690000	Optical systems
H04H0020710000	Wireless systems
H04H0020720000	of terrestrial networks
H04H0020740000	of satellite networks
H04H0020760000	Wired systems
H04H0020770000	using carrier waves
H04H0020780000	CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems
H04H0020790000	using downlink of the CATV systems, e.g. audio broadcast via CATV network
H04H0020800000	having frequencies in two or more frequency bands, e.g. medium wave and VHF
H04H0020810000	combined with telephone network over which the broadcast is continuously available
H04H0020820000	using signals not modulated onto a carrier
H04H0020830000	not sharing the network with any other service
H04H0020840000	combined with power distribution network
H04H0020860000	Arrangements characterised by special technical features of the broadcast information, e.g. signal form or information format
H04H0020880000	Stereophonic broadcast systems
H04H0020890000	using three or more audio channels, e.g. triphonic or quadraphonic
H04H0020910000	broadcasting computer programmes
H04H0020930000	which locates resources of other pieces of information, e.g. URL [Uniform Resource Locator]
H04H0020950000	characterised by a specific format, e.g. MP3 [MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3]
H04H0040000000	Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
H04H0040090000	Arrangements for receiving desired information automatically according to timetables
H04H0040180000	Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
H04H0040270000	specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H0020530000-H04H0020860000
H04H0040360000	specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast receiving
H04H0040450000	for FM stereophonic broadcast receiving
H04H0040540000	generating subcarriers
H04H0040630000	for separation improvements or adjustments
H04H0040720000	for noise suppression
H04H0040810000	for stereo-monaural switching
H04H0040900000	specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving
H04H0060000000	Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
H04H0060020000	Arrangements for generating broadcast information; Arrangements for generating broadcast-related information with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for simultaneous generation of broadcast information and broadcast-related information
H04H0060040000	Studio equipment; Interconnection of studios
H04H0060050000	Mobile studios
H04H0060060000	Arrangements for scheduling broadcast services or broadcast-related services
H04H0060070000	characterised by processes or methods for the generation
H04H0060090000	Arrangements for device control with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for control of broadcast-related services
H04H0060110000	Arrangements for counter-measures when a portion of broadcast information is unavailable
H04H0060120000	wherein another information is substituted for the portion of broadcast information
H04H0060130000	Arrangements for device control affected by the broadcast information
H04H0060140000	Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services
H04H0060150000	on receiving information
H04H0060160000	on playing information
H04H0060170000	on recording information
H04H0060180000	on copying information
H04H0060190000	on transmission of information
H04H0060200000	on secondary editing information
H04H0060210000	Billing for the use of broadcast information or broadcast-related information
H04H0060220000	per use
H04H0060230000	using cryptography, e.g. encryption, authentication or key distribution
H04H0060250000	Arrangements for updating broadcast information or broadcast-related information
H04H0060270000	Arrangements for recording or accumulating broadcast information or broadcast-related information
H04H0060290000	Arrangements for monitoring broadcast services or broadcast-related services
H04H0060310000	Arrangements for monitoring the use made of the broadcast services
H04H0060320000	Arrangements for monitoring conditions of receiving stations, e.g. malfunction or breakdown of receiving stations
H04H0060330000	Arrangements for monitoring the users' behaviour or opinions
H04H0060350000	Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
H04H0060370000	for identifying segments of broadcast information, e.g. scenes or extracting programme ID
H04H0060380000	for identifying broadcast time or space
H04H0060390000	for identifying broadcast space-time (use of Electronic Programme Guides H04H0060720000)
H04H0060400000	for identifying broadcast time
H04H0060410000	for identifying broadcast space, i.e. broadcast channels, broadcast stations or broadcast areas
H04H0060420000	for identifying broadcast areas
H04H0060430000	for identifying broadcast channels
H04H0060440000	for identifying broadcast stations
H04H0060450000	for identifying users
H04H0060460000	for recognising users' preferences
H04H0060470000	for recognising genres
H04H0060480000	for recognising items expressed in broadcast information
H04H0060490000	for identifying locations
H04H0060500000	of broadcast or relay stations
H04H0060510000	of receiving stations
H04H0060520000	of users
H04H0060530000	of destinations
H04H0060540000	where broadcast information is generated
H04H0060560000	Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H0060290000 or H04H0060350000
H04H0060580000	of audio
H04H0060590000	of video
H04H0060610000	Arrangements for services using the result of monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H0060290000 or H04H0060350000
H04H0060630000	for services of sales
H04H0060640000	for providing detail information
H04H0060650000	for using the result on users' side
H04H0060660000	for using the result on distributors' side
H04H0060680000	Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information
H04H0060700000	using geographical information, e.g. maps, charts or atlases
H04H0060710000	using meteorological information
H04H0060720000	using EPGs [Electronic Programme Guides] (focusing on identifying broadcast space-time H04H0060390000)
H04H0060730000	using meta-information
H04H0060740000	using programme related information, e.g. title, composer or interpreter
H04H0060760000	Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet
H04H0060780000	characterised by source locations or destination locations
H04H0060790000	characterised by transmission among broadcast stations
H04H0060800000	characterised by transmission among terminal devices
H04H0060810000	characterised by the transmission system itself
H04H0060820000	the transmission system being the Internet
H04H0060830000	accessed over telephonic networks
H04H0060840000	which are fixed telephone networks
H04H0060850000	which are mobile communication networks
H04H0060860000	accessed over CATV networks
H04H0060870000	accessed over computer networks
H04H0060880000	which are wireless networks
H04H0060890000	which are wired networks
H04H0060900000	Wireless transmission systems
H04H0060910000	Mobile communication networks (for accessing the Internet H04H0060850000)
H04H0060920000	for local area
H04H0060930000	Wired transmission systems
H04H0060940000	Telephonic networks (for accessing the Internet H04H0060840000)
H04H0060950000	for local area
H04H0060960000	CATV systems (for accessing the Internet H04H0060860000)
H04H0060970000	using uplink of the CATV systems
H04H0060980000	Physical distribution of media, e.g. postcards, CDs or DVDs
H04J	MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L0005000000;systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N0007080000;in exchanges H04Q0011000000)
H04J0001000000	Frequency-division multiplex systems (H04J0014020000 takes precedence)
H04J0001020000	Details
H04J0001040000	Frequency-transposition arrangements
H04J0001050000	using digital techniques
H04J0001060000	Arrangements for supplying the carrier waves
H04J0001080000	Arrangements for combining channels
H04J0001100000	Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off
H04J0001120000	Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels
H04J0001140000	Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals
H04J0001160000	Monitoring arrangements
H04J0001180000	in which all the carriers are amplitude-modulated (H04J0001020000 takes precedence)
H04J0001200000	in which at least one carrier is angle-modulated (H04J0001020000 takes precedence)
H04J0003000000	Time-division multiplex systems (H04J0014080000 takes precedence)
H04J0003020000	Details
H04J0003040000	Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators
H04J0003060000	Synchronising arrangements
H04J0003070000	using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates
H04J0003080000	Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off
H04J0003100000	Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels
H04J0003120000	Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals
H04J0003140000	Monitoring arrangements
H04J0003160000	in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted (H04J0003170000, H04J0003240000 take precedence)
H04J0003170000	in which the transmission channel allotted to a first user may be taken away and re-allotted to a second user if the first user becomes inactive, e.g. TASI
H04J0003180000	using frequency compression and subsequent expansion of the individual signals
H04J0003200000	using resonant transfer
H04J0003220000	in which the sources have different rates or codes
H04J0003240000	in which the allocation is indicated by an address (H04J0003170000 takes precedence)
H04J0003260000	in which the information and the address are simultaneously transmitted
H04J0004000000	Combined time-division and frequency-division multiplex systems (H04J0013000000 takes precedence)
H04J0007000000	Multiplex systems in which the amplitudes or durations of the signals in individual channels are characteristic of those channels
H04J0007020000	in which the polarity of the amplitude is characteristic
H04J0009000000	Multiplex systems in which each channel is represented by a different type of modulation of the carrier
H04J0011000000	Orthogonal multiplex systems (H04J0013000000 takes precedence)
H04J0013000000	Code division multiplex systems (for frequency hopping H04B0001713000)
H04J0013100000	Code generation
H04J0013120000	Generation of orthogonal codes
H04J0013140000	Generation of codes with a zero correlation zone
H04J0013160000	Code allocation
H04J0013180000	Allocation of orthogonal codes
H04J0013200000	having an orthogonal variable spreading factor [OVSF]
H04J0013220000	Allocation of codes with a zero correlation zone
H04J0014000000	Optical multiplex systems
H04J0014020000	Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04J0014040000	Mode multiplex systems
H04J0014060000	Polarisation multiplex systems
H04J0014080000	Time-division multiplex systems
H04J0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H04K	SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
H04K0001000000	Secret communication
H04K0001020000	by adding a second signal to make the desired signal unintelligible
H04K0001040000	by frequency scrambling, i.e. by transposing or inverting parts of the frequency band or by inverting the whole band
H04K0001060000	by transmitting the information or elements thereof at unnatural speeds or in jumbled order or backwards
H04K0001080000	by varying the polarisation of transmitted waves
H04K0001100000	by using two signals transmitted simultaneously or successively
H04K0003000000	Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
H04L	TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
H04L0001000000	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L0001020000	by diversity reception
H04L0001040000	using frequency diversity
H04L0001060000	using space diversity
H04L0001080000	by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
H04L0001120000	by using return channel
H04L0001140000	in which the signals are sent back to the transmitter to be checked
H04L0001160000	in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L0001180000	Automatic repetition systems, e.g. van Duuren system
H04L0001200000	using signal-quality detector
H04L0001220000	using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
H04L0001240000	Testing correct operation
H04L0005000000	Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04L0005020000	Channels characterised by the type of signal
H04L0005040000	the signals being represented by different amplitudes or polarities, e.g. quadriplex
H04L0005060000	the signals being represented by different frequencies (combined with time-division multiplexing H04L0005260000)
H04L0005080000	each combination of signals in different channels being represented by a fixed frequency
H04L0005100000	with dynamo-electric generation of carriers; with mechanical filters or demodulators
H04L0005120000	the signals being represented by different phase modulations of a single carrier
H04L0005140000	Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
H04L0005160000	Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals
H04L0005180000	Automatic changing of the traffic direction
H04L0005200000	using different combinations of lines, e.g. phantom working
H04L0005220000	using time-division multiplexing
H04L0005240000	with start-stop synchronous converters
H04L0005260000	combined with the use of different frequencies
H04L0007000000	Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
H04L0007020000	Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
H04L0007027000	extracting the synchronising or clock signal from the received signal spectrum, e.g. by using a resonant or bandpass circuit
H04L0007033000	using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal- generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
H04L0007040000	Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
H04L0007060000	the synchronisation signals differing from the information signals in amplitude, polarity, or frequency
H04L0007080000	the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically
H04L0007100000	Arrangements for initial synchronisation
H04L0009000000	Arrangements for secret or secure communication
H04L0009060000	the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L0009080000	Key distribution
H04L0009100000	with particular housing, physical features or manual controls
H04L0009120000	Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner
H04L0009140000	using a plurality of keys or algorithms
H04L0009160000	the keys or algorithms being changed during operation
H04L0009180000	Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems
H04L0009200000	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence
H04L0009220000	with particular pseudorandom sequence generator
H04L0009240000	sequence produced by more than one generator
H04L0009260000	producing a nonlinear pseudorandom sequence
H04L0009280000	using particular encryption algorithm
H04L0009300000	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
H04L0009320000	including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L0009340000	Bits, or blocks of bits, of the telegraphic message being interchanged in time
H04L0009360000	with means for detecting characters not meant for transmission
H04L0009380000	Encryption being effected by mechanical apparatus, e.g. rotating cams, switches, keytape punchers
H04L0012000000	Data switching networks (interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units G06F0013000000)
H04L0012020000	Details
H04L0012040000	Switchboards
H04L0012060000	Answer-back mechanisms or circuits
H04L0012080000	Allotting numbers to messages; Counting characters, words or messages
H04L0012100000	Current supply arrangements
H04L0012120000	Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof
H04L0012140000	Charging arrangements
H04L0012160000	Arrangements for providing special services to substations
H04L0012180000	for broadcast or conference
H04L0012200000	for converting transmission speed from the inherent speed of a substation to the inherent speed of other substations
H04L0012220000	Arrangements for preventing the taking of data from a data transmission channel without authorisation (means for verifying the identity or the authority of a user of a secure or secret communication system H04L0009320000)
H04L0012240000	Arrangements for maintenance or administration
H04L0012260000	Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
H04L0012280000	characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks] (wireless communication networks H04W)
H04L0012400000	Bus networks
H04L0012403000	with centralised control, e.g. polling
H04L0012407000	with decentralised control
H04L0012413000	with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection (CSMA-CD)
H04L0012417000	with deterministic access, e.g. token passing
H04L0012420000	Loop networks
H04L0012423000	with centralised control, e.g. polling
H04L0012427000	with decentralised control
H04L0012430000	with synchronous transmission, e.g. time division multiplex (TDM), slotted rings
H04L0012433000	with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
H04L0012437000	Ring fault isolation or reconfiguration
H04L0012440000	Star or tree networks
H04L0012460000	Interconnection of networks
H04L0012500000	Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication
H04L0012520000	using time division techniques (in digital transmission systems H04L0005220000)
H04L0012540000	Store-and-forward switching systems (packet switching systems H04L0012700000)
H04L0012580000	Message switching systems
H04L0012600000	Manual relay systems, e.g. push-button switching
H04L0012620000	with perforated tape storage
H04L0012640000	Hybrid switching systems
H04L0012660000	Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
H04L0012700000	Packet switching systems
H04L0012701000	Routing or path finding
H04L0012703000	Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP]
H04L0012705000	Loop or livelock prevention, e.g. time to live [TTL] or spanning tree
H04L0012707000	using path redundancy
H04L0012709000	using M+N parallel active paths
H04L0012711000	using M:N active or standby paths
H04L0012713000	using node redundancy, e.g. VRRP
H04L0012715000	Hierarchical routing, e.g. clustered networks or inter-domain routing
H04L0012717000	Centralised routing
H04L0012721000	Routing procedures, e.g. shortest path routing, source routing, link state routing or distance vector routing
H04L0012723000	Label or tag based routing, e.g. multi-protocol label switching [MPLS] or generalised multi-protocol label switching [GMPLS]
H04L0012725000	Selecting a path with suitable quality of service [QoS]
H04L0012727000	Selecting a path with minimum delay
H04L0012729000	Selecting a path with suitable bandwidth or throughput
H04L0012733000	Selecting a path with minimum length or minimum hop count
H04L0012735000	Disjoint routing, e.g. path disjoint or node disjoint
H04L0012741000	Header address processing for routing, e.g. table lookup
H04L0012743000	using hashing techniques
H04L0012745000	using longest matching prefix
H04L0012747000	Address caching
H04L0012749000	Address processing over inter-domain or inter-network, e.g. mapping different addresses between IPv6 and IPv4 networks for routing
H04L0012751000	Topology update or discovery
H04L0012753000	Routing tree discovery, e.g. converting from mesh topology to tree topology
H04L0012755000	Topology update consistency, e.g. link state advertisement [LSA], time stamping or sequence numbers in the updates
H04L0012757000	Synchronised activation of routing updates, e.g. delaying or holding routing table updates
H04L0012759000	Dynamic adaptation of update interval, e.g. event-driven updates
H04L0012761000	Broadcast or multicast routing
H04L0012763000	Shortcut routing, e.g. next hop resolution protocol [NHRP]
H04L0012771000	Router architecture
H04L0012773000	for supporting layer 3 switching, e.g. IP switching, cell switch relay [CSR] or tag switching
H04L0012775000	multiple routing entities, e.g. multiple software or hardware instances
H04L0012781000	Multiprotocol routing, e.g. for protocol adaptation between IPv4 and IPv6 or dual stack
H04L0012801000	Flow control or congestion control
H04L0012803000	Load balancing, e.g. traffic distribution over multiple links
H04L0012805000	Determination of the optimum packet size, e.g. maximum transmission unit [MTU]
H04L0012807000	Calculation or update of the congestion window
H04L0012811000	Bitrate adaptation in active flows
H04L0012813000	Policy-based control, e.g. policing
H04L0012815000	Shaping
H04L0012819000	Leaky bucket
H04L0012823000	Packet dropping
H04L0012825000	Adaptive control, at the source or intermediate nodes, upon congestion feedback, e.g. X-on X-off
H04L0012827000	sent by intermediate network nodes
H04L0012829000	sent by the destination endpoint
H04L0012833000	Marking packets or altering packet priority upon congestion or for congestion prevention
H04L0012835000	using buffer capacity information at the endpoints or transit nodes
H04L0012841000	Flow control actions using time consideration, e.g. round trip time [RTT]
H04L0012851000	Traffic type related actions, e.g. QoS or priority
H04L0012853000	for real time traffic
H04L0012855000	for signalling traffic, e.g. operations, administration and maintenance [OAM] or acknowledge [ACK] packets
H04L0012857000	Mapping QoS constraints between layers or between different networks
H04L0012859000	Flow control actions based on the nature of the application, e.g. controlling web browsing or e-mail traffic
H04L0012861000	Packet buffering or queuing arrangements; Queue scheduling
H04L0012863000	Queue scheduling, e.g. Round Robin
H04L0012865000	Priority-based scheduling
H04L0012867000	Fair share scheduling
H04L0012869000	Multilevel scheduling; Hierarchical scheduling
H04L0012873000	Bandwidth-aware scheduling
H04L0012875000	Delay-aware scheduling
H04L0012877000	Distribution of residual bandwidth, e.g. distribution of unused bandwidth to best effort traffic [BET]
H04L0012879000	Single buffer operations, e.g. buffer pointers or buffer descriptors
H04L0012883000	Packet storage using a linked list of buffers
H04L0012885000	Jitter compensation buffering
H04L0012891000	Flow control of aggregated links or flows
H04L0012893000	Connection splitting, e.g. IP splitting
H04L0012901000	Ingress point selection by the source endpoint, e.g. Internet service provider [ISP] or point of presence [POP] selection
H04L0012903000	Selection among a plurality of different networks
H04L0012905000	Dynamic network selection or re-selection, e.g. after degradation of quality
H04L0012911000	Network admission control and resource allocation, e.g. bandwidth allocation or in-call renegotiation
H04L0012913000	Reservation actions involving intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
H04L0012915000	Reservation actions involving several network domains, e.g. multilateral agreements or mapping of resources
H04L0012917000	Dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or upon changing network conditions requested by the network
H04L0012919000	initiated by the source endpoint
H04L0012923000	initiated by the network
H04L0012925000	Reservation of resources at the destination endpoint
H04L0012927000	Allocation of resources based on type of traffic, QoS or priority
H04L0012931000	Switch fabric architecture
H04L0012933000	Switch core, e.g. crossbar, shared memory or shared medium
H04L0012935000	Switch interfaces, e.g. port details
H04L0012937000	Switch control, e.g. arbitration
H04L0012939000	Provisions for redundant switching, e.g. using parallel switching planes
H04L0012943000	Transferring a complete packet or cell from each plane
H04L0012945000	Transferring a part of the packet or cell from each plane, e.g. bit slice
H04L0012947000	Address processing within a device, e.g. using internal ID or tags for routing within a switch
H04L0012951000	Assembling and disassembling of packets, e.g. segmentation and reassembly [SAR] in asynchronous transfer mode [ATM]
H04L0012953000	Packet sequencing arrangements for supporting message reassembly, e.g. packet sequence number
H04L0012955000	Padding or de-padding, e.g. inserting or removing dummy data in or from unused packet segments
H04L0013000000	Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups H04L0015000000 or H04L0017000000
H04L0013020000	Details not particular to receiver or transmitter
H04L0013040000	Driving mechanisms; Clutches
H04L0013060000	Tape or page guiding or feeding devices
H04L0013080000	Intermediate storage means
H04L0013100000	Distributors
H04L0013120000	Non-mechanical distributors, e.g. relay distributors
H04L0013140000	Electronic distributors
H04L0013160000	of transmitters, e.g. code-bars, code-discs
H04L0013180000	of receivers
H04L0015000000	Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving dot-and-dash codes, e.g. Morse code (teaching apparatus therefor G09B;telegraph tapping keys H01H0021860000)
H04L0015030000	Keys structurally combined with sound generators
H04L0015040000	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end
H04L0015060000	with a restricted number of keys, e.g. separate key for each type of code element
H04L0015080000	with a single key which transmits dots in one position and dashes in a second position
H04L0015100000	combined with perforating apparatus
H04L0015120000	with keyboard co-operating with code-bars
H04L0015140000	combined with perforating apparatus
H04L0015160000	with keyboard co-operating with code discs
H04L0015180000	Automatic transmitters, e.g. controlled by perforated tape
H04L0015200000	with optical sensing means
H04L0015220000	Apparatus or circuits for sending one or a restricted number of signals, e.g. distress signals
H04L0015240000	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end
H04L0015260000	operating only on reception of predetermined code signals, e.g. distress signals, party-line call signals
H04L0015280000	Code reproducing apparatus
H04L0015300000	Writing recorders
H04L0015320000	Perforating recorders
H04L0015340000	Apparatus for recording received coded signals after translation, e.g. as type-characters
H04L0017000000	Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving codes wherein each character is represented by the same number of equal-length code elements, e.g. Baudot code
H04L0017020000	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end
H04L0017040000	with keyboard co-operating with code-bars
H04L0017060000	Contact operating means
H04L0017080000	combined with perforating apparatus
H04L0017100000	with keyboard co-operating with code-discs
H04L0017120000	Automatic transmitters, e.g. controlled by perforated tape
H04L0017140000	with optical sensing means
H04L0017160000	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end
H04L0017180000	Code selection mechanisms
H04L0017200000	using perforating recorders
H04L0017220000	using mechanical translation and type-bar printing
H04L0017240000	using mechanical translation and type-head printing, e.g. type-wheel, type-cylinder
H04L0017260000	using aggregate motion translation
H04L0017280000	using pneumatic or hydraulic translation
H04L0017300000	using electric or electronic translation
H04L0019000000	Apparatus or local circuits for step-by-step systems
H04L0021000000	Apparatus or local circuits for mosaic printer telegraph systems
H04L0021020000	at the transmitting end
H04L0021040000	at the receiving end
H04L0023000000	Apparatus or local circuits for telegraphic systems other than those covered by groups H04L0015000000-H04L0021000000
H04L0023020000	adapted for orthogonal signalling
H04L0025000000	Baseband systems
H04L0025020000	Details
H04L0025030000	Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
H04L0025040000	Passive shaping networks
H04L0025050000	Electric or magnetic storage of signals before transmitting or retransmitting for changing the transmission rate
H04L0025060000	Dc level restoring means; Bias distortion correction
H04L0025080000	Modifications for reducing interference; Modifications for reducing effects due to line faults
H04L0025100000	Compensating for variations in line balance
H04L0025120000	Compensating for variations in line impedance
H04L0025140000	Channel dividing arrangements
H04L0025170000	Interpolating arrangements
H04L0025180000	Arrangements for inductively generating telegraphic signals
H04L0025200000	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
H04L0025220000	Repeaters for converting two wires to four wires; Repeaters for converting single current to double current
H04L0025240000	Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H04L0025260000	Circuits with optical sensing means
H04L0025280000	Repeaters using modulation and subsequent demodulation
H04L0025300000	Non-synchronous systems
H04L0025320000	characterised by the code employed
H04L0025340000	using three or more different amplitudes, e.g. cable code
H04L0025380000	Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
H04L0025400000	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
H04L0025420000	using mechanical distributors
H04L0025440000	using relay distributors
H04L0025450000	using electronic distributors
H04L0025460000	using tuning forks or vibrating reeds
H04L0025480000	characterised by the code employed (H04L0025490000 takes precedence)
H04L0025490000	using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels
H04L0025493000	by transition coding, i.e. the time-position or direction of a transition being encoded before transmission
H04L0025497000	by correlative coding, e.g. partial response coding or echo modulation coding
H04L0025520000	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
H04L0025540000	using mechanical distributors
H04L0025560000	Non-electrical regenerative repeaters
H04L0025580000	using relay distributors
H04L0025600000	Regenerative repeaters with electromagnetic switches
H04L0025620000	using tuning forks or vibrating reeds
H04L0025640000	Start-stop regenerative repeaters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H04L0025660000	Synchronous repeaters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H04L0027000000	Modulated-carrier systems
H04L0027010000	Equalisers
H04L0027020000	Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on/off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation (H04L0027320000 takes precedence)
H04L0027040000	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L0027060000	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L0027080000	Amplitude regulation arrangements
H04L0027100000	Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying (H04L0027320000 takes precedence)
H04L0027120000	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L0027140000	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L0027144000	with demodulation using spectral properties of the received signal, e.g. by using frequency selective- or frequency sensitive elements
H04L0027148000	using filters, including PLL-type filters
H04L0027152000	using controlled oscillators, e.g. PLL arrangements
H04L0027156000	with demodulation using temporal properties of the received signal, e.g. detecting pulse width
H04L0027160000	Frequency regulation arrangements
H04L0027180000	Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying (H04L0027320000 takes precedence)
H04L0027200000	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L0027220000	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L0027227000	using coherent demodulation
H04L0027233000	using non-coherent demodulation
H04L0027240000	Half-wave signalling systems
H04L0027260000	Systems using multi-frequency codes (H04L0027320000 takes precedence)
H04L0027280000	with simultaneous transmission of different frequencies each representing one code element
H04L0027300000	wherein each code element is represented by a combination of frequencies
H04L0027320000	Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L0027020000, H04L0027100000, H04L0027180000, or H04L0027260000
H04L0027340000	Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
H04L0027360000	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L0027380000	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L0029000000	Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04L0001000000-H04L0027000000
H04L0029020000	Communication control; Communication processing (H04L0029120000, H04L0029140000 take precedence)
H04L0029040000	for plural communication lines
H04L0029060000	characterised by a protocol
H04L0029080000	Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
H04L0029100000	characterised by an interface, e.g. the interface between the data link level and the physical level
H04L0029120000	characterised by the data terminal
H04L0029140000	Counter-measures to a fault
H04M	TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION (circuits for controlling other apparatus via a telephone cable and not involving telephone switching apparatus G08)
H04M0001000000	Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers (subscriber services or facilities provided at exchanges H04M0003000000;prepayment telephone coin boxes H04M0017000000;current supply arrangements H04M0019080000)
H04M0001020000	Constructional features of telephone sets
H04M0001030000	Constructional features of telephone transmitters or receivers, e.g. telephone hand-sets
H04M0001040000	Supports for telephone transmitters or receivers
H04M0001050000	specially adapted for use on head, throat or breast
H04M0001060000	Hooks; Cradles
H04M0001080000	associated with switches operated by the weight of the receiver or hand-set
H04M0001100000	associated with switches operated by magnetic effect due to proximity of receiver or hand-set
H04M0001110000	Supports for sets, e.g. incorporating armrests
H04M0001120000	Adjustable supports, e.g. extensible
H04M0001130000	pantographic
H04M0001140000	with resilient means to eliminate extraneous vibrations
H04M0001150000	Protecting or guiding telephone cords
H04M0001170000	Hygienic or sanitary devices on telephone equipment (for mouthpieces or earpieces H04R0001120000)
H04M0001180000	Telephone sets specially adapted for use in ships, mines, or other places exposed to adverse environment (H04M0001190000 takes precedence)
H04M0001190000	Arrangements of transmitters, receivers, or complete sets to prevent eavesdropping, to attenuate local noise or to prevent undesired transmission; Mouthpieces or receivers specially adapted therefor (circuit arrangements for preventing eavesdropping H04M0001680000;telephone cabinets E04H0001140000)
H04M0001200000	Arrangements for preventing acoustic feedback (H04M0001620000 takes precedence)
H04M0001210000	Combinations with auxiliary equipment, e.g. with clocks or memoranda pads
H04M0001215000	by non-intrusive coupling means, e.g. acoustic couplers
H04M0001220000	Illumination; Arrangements for improving the visibility of characters on dials
H04M0001230000	Construction or mounting of dials or of equivalent devices; Means for facilitating the use thereof (by improving visibility H04M0001220000)
H04M0001240000	Arrangements for testing
H04M0001247000	Telephone sets including user guidance or feature selection means facilitating their use
H04M0001253000	Telephone sets using digital voice transmission
H04M0001260000	Devices for calling a subscriber (H04M0001660000 takes precedence)
H04M0001270000	Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously
H04M0001272000	with provision for storing only one subscriber number at a time, e.g. by keyboard or dial
H04M0001274000	with provision for storing more than one subscriber number at a time
H04M0001274500	using static electronic memories, i.e. memories whose operation does not require relative movement between storage means and a transducer, e.g. chips
H04M0001275000	implemented by means of portable electronic directories
H04M0001275500	whose contents are provided by optical scanning
H04M0001276000	using magnetic recording, e.g. on tape
H04M0001278000	using punched cards or tapes
H04M0001300000	Devices which can set up and transmit only one digit at a time
H04M0001310000	by interrupting current to generate trains of pulses; by periodically opening and closing contacts to generate trains of pulses
H04M0001315000	Clutches; Spring assemblies; Speed regulators, e.g. centrifugal brakes (H04M0001320000-H04M0001400000 take precedence)
H04M0001320000	Locking setting devices during transmission to prevent interference by user
H04M0001340000	Lost-motion or other arrangements for ensuring a pause between successive digit transmissions
H04M0001380000	Pulses transmitted by a movement variably limited by the setting of a stop
H04M0001400000	wherein the setting-operation short-circuits or open-circuits the transmitting mechanism during a variable part of a cycle
H04M0001500000	by generating or selecting currents of predetermined frequencies or combinations of frequencies
H04M0001515000	by generating or selecting signals other than trains of pulses of similar shape, or signals other than currents of one or more different frequencies, e.g. generation of dc signals of alternating polarity, coded pulses or impedance dialling
H04M0001520000	Arrangements wherein a dial or the like is mechanically coupled to a line selector
H04M0001530000	Generation of additional signals, e.g. additional pulses
H04M0001540000	Arrangements wherein a dial or the like generates identifying signals, e.g. in party-line systems
H04M0001560000	Arrangements for indicating or recording the called number at the calling subscriber's set
H04M0001570000	Arrangements for indicating or recording the number of the calling subscriber at the called subscriber's set (at the operator set in a manual exchange H04M0005200000)
H04M0001580000	Anti-side-tone circuits
H04M0001600000	including speech amplifiers
H04M0001620000	Constructional arrangements
H04M0001640000	Automatic arrangements for answering calls; Automatic arrangements for recording messages for absent subscribers; Arrangements for recording conversations (centralised dictation systems H04M0011100000)
H04M0001650000	Recording arrangements
H04M0001652000	Means for playing back the recorded messages by remote control over a telephone line (H04M0001658000 takes precedence)
H04M0001654000	Telephone line monitoring circuits therefor, e.g. ring detectors
H04M0001656000	for recording conversations
H04M0001658000	Means for redirecting recorded messages to other extensions or equipment
H04M0001660000	with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling (verifying user identity or authority in secret or secure digital communications H04L0009320000)
H04M0001663000	Preventing unauthorised calls to a telephone set
H04M0001665000	by checking the validity of a code
H04M0001667000	Preventing unauthorised calls from a telephone set (H04M0001677000 takes precedence)
H04M0001670000	by electronic means
H04M0001673000	the user being required to key in a code
H04M0001675000	the user being required to insert a coded card, e.g. a smart card carrying an integrated circuit chip
H04M0001677000	Preventing the dialling or sending of predetermined telephone numbers or selected types of telephone numbers, e.g. long distance numbers
H04M0001680000	Circuit arrangements for preventing eavesdropping
H04M0001700000	Lock-out or secrecy arrangements in party-line systems
H04M0001720000	Substation extension arrangements; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selecting
H04M0001723000	using two or more extensions per line (H04M0001725000 takes precedence)
H04M0001725000	Cordless telephones
H04M0001727000	Identification code transfer arrangements
H04M0001730000	Battery saving arrangements
H04M0001733000	with a plurality of base stations connected to a plurality of lines
H04M0001737000	characterised by transmission of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. infra-red waves
H04M0001738000	Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines (H04M0001780000 takes precedence)
H04M0001740000	with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
H04M0001760000	Compensating for differences in line impedance
H04M0001780000	Circuit arrangements in which low-frequency speech signals proceed in one direction on the line, while speech signals proceeding in the other direction on the line are modulated on a high-frequency carrier signal
H04M0001800000	Telephone line holding circuits
H04M0001820000	Line monitoring circuits for call progress or status discrimination
H04M0003000000	Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
H04M0003020000	Calling substations, e.g. by ringing (selective calling H04Q)
H04M0003040000	the calling signal being supplied from the final selector
H04M0003060000	the calling signal being supplied from the subscriber's line circuit
H04M0003080000	Indicating faults in circuits or apparatus
H04M0003100000	Providing fault- or trouble-signals
H04M0003120000	Marking faulty circuits "busy"; Enabling equipment to disengage itself from faulty circuits
H04M0003140000	Signalling existence of persistent "off-hook" condition
H04M0003160000	with lock-out or secrecy provision in party-line systems
H04M0003180000	with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
H04M0003200000	with means for interrupting existing connections; with means for breaking-in on conversations
H04M0003220000	Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
H04M0003240000	with provision for checking the normal operation
H04M0003260000	with means for applying test signals
H04M0003280000	Automatic routine testing
H04M0003300000	for subscribers' lines
H04M0003320000	for lines between exchanges
H04M0003340000	Testing for cross-talk
H04M0003360000	Statistical metering, e.g. recording occasions when traffic exceeds capacity of trunks
H04M0003380000	Graded-service arrangements, i.e. some subscribers prevented from establishing certain connections (queuing arrangements H04Q0003640000)
H04M0003400000	Applications of speech amplifiers
H04M0003420000	Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers (specially adapted for wireless communication networks H04W0004000000)
H04M0003424000	Arrangements for automatic redialling (at the subscriber's set H04M0001270000)
H04M0003428000	Arrangements for placing incoming calls on hold
H04M0003432000	Arrangements for calling a subscriber at a specific time, e.g. morning call service
H04M0003436000	Arrangements for screening incoming calls
H04M0003440000	Additional connecting arrangements for providing access to frequently-wanted subscribers, e.g. abbreviated dialling (at the subscriber's set H04M0001270000;automatic redialling H04M0003424000)
H04M0003460000	Arrangements for calling a number of substations in a predetermined sequence until an answer is obtained
H04M0003480000	Arrangements for recalling a calling subscriber when the wanted subscriber ceases to be busy
H04M0003487000	Arrangements for providing information services, e.g. recorded voice services or time announcements
H04M0003493000	Interactive information services, e.g. directory enquiries
H04M0003500000	Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers (H04M0003487000 takes precedence;centralised dictation systems H04M0011100000)
H04M0003510000	Centralised call answering arrangements requiring operator intervention
H04M0003520000	Arrangements for routing dead number calls to operators
H04M0003523000	with call distribution or queuing
H04M0003527000	Centralised call answering arrangements not requiring operator intervention
H04M0003530000	Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages
H04M0003533000	Voice mail systems
H04M0003537000	Arrangements for indicating the presence of a recorded message
H04M0003540000	Arrangements for diverting calls for one subscriber to another predetermined subscriber
H04M0003560000	Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities (video conference systems H04N0007150000)
H04M0003580000	Arrangements for transferring received calls from one subscriber to another; Arrangements affording interim conversations between either the calling or the called party and a third party (substation line holding circuits H04M0001800000)
H04M0003600000	Semi-automatic systems, i.e. systems in which the numerical selection of the outgoing line is under the control of an operator
H04M0003620000	Keyboard equipment
H04M0003640000	Arrangements for signalling the number or class of the calling line to the operator (between operators in inter-exchange working H04M0005180000)
H04M0005000000	Manual exchanges (substation equipment in general H04M0001000000)
H04M0005020000	Constructional details (jacks, jack-plugs H01R0024580000)
H04M0005040000	Arrangements for indicating calls or supervising connections for calling or clearing
H04M0005060000	affording automatic call distribution
H04M0005080000	using connecting means other than cords
H04M0005100000	using separate plug for each subscriber
H04M0005120000	Calling substations, e.g. by ringing
H04M0005140000	Applications of speech amplifiers
H04M0005160000	with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
H04M0005180000	Arrangements for signalling the class or number of called or calling line from one exchange to another
H04M0005200000	Arrangements for indicating the numbers of the incoming lines
H04M0007000000	Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
H04M0007020000	for compensating differences of ground potential
H04M0007040000	for compensating differences of line impedance
H04M0007060000	using auxiliary connections for control or supervision
H04M0007080000	for phantom working
H04M0007100000	for two-way working, i.e. calls may be set-up in either direction over the same connection
H04M0007120000	for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
H04M0007140000	in systems involving main and subordinate switching centres (current supply source at subordinate switching centre charged from main exchange H04M0019060000)
H04M0007160000	in systems employing carrier frequencies
H04M0009000000	Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
H04M0009020000	involving a common line for all parties
H04M0009040000	involving a separate line for each pair of parties
H04M0009060000	involving combinations of interconnecting lines
H04M0009080000	Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g.  for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic
H04M0009100000	with switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency
H04M0011000000	Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
H04M0011020000	with bell or annunciator systems
H04M0011040000	with alarm systems, e.g. fire, police or burglar alarm systems
H04M0011060000	Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
H04M0011080000	specially adapted for optional reception of entertainment or informative matter
H04M0011100000	with dictation recording and playback systems
H04M0013000000	Party-line systems (substation equipment H04M0001000000;exchange equipment H04M0003000000, H04M0005000000;metering arrangements H04M0015360000)
H04M0015000000	Arrangements for metering, time-control or time-indication
H04M0015020000	Severing connection after a predetermined time
H04M0015040000	Recording calls in printed, perforated, or other permanent form
H04M0015060000	Recording class or number of calling party or called party
H04M0015080000	Metering calls to called party
H04M0015100000	Metering calls from calling party
H04M0015120000	Discriminative metering
H04M0015140000	according to class of calling party
H04M0015160000	according to connection obtained
H04M0015180000	according to duration of call
H04M0015200000	Operator's time recording or indicating arrangements
H04M0015220000	according to time of day
H04M0015240000	preventing metering of tax-free calls to certain lines, e.g. to fire or ambulance stations
H04M0015260000	with a meter at the exchange controlled by an operator
H04M0015280000	with meter at substation
H04M0015300000	the meter not being controlled from an exchange
H04M0015320000	Metering arrangements for satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
H04M0015340000	Metering arrangements for private branch exchanges
H04M0015360000	Metering arrangements for party-lines
H04M0015380000	Metering by apparatus other than mechanical step-by-step counter type
H04M0017000000	Prepayment telephone systems (using a coded card to authorise calls from a telephone set H04M0001675000)
H04M0017020000	Coin-freed or check-freed systems
H04M0019000000	Current supply arrangements for telephone systems (for selecting equipment H04Q0001280000)
H04M0019020000	providing ringing current or supervisory tones, e.g. dialling tone or busy tone
H04M0019040000	the ringing-current being generated at the substations
H04M0019060000	in which current supply sources at subordinate switching centres are charged from the main exchange
H04M0019080000	with current supply sources at the substations (generating ringing current H04M0019040000)
H04M0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H04N	PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
H04N0001000000	Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
H04N0001024000	Details of scanning heads
H04N0001028000	for picture-information pick-up
H04N0001029000	Heads optically focused on only one picture element at a time
H04N0001030000	with photodetectors arranged in a substantially linear array
H04N0001031000	the photodetectors having a one-to-one and optically positive correspondence with the scanned picture elements, e.g. linear contact sensors
H04N0001032000	for picture-information reproduction
H04N0001034000	using ink, e.g. ink-jet heads
H04N0001036000	for optical reproduction
H04N0001040000	Scanning arrangements (H04N0001387000 takes precedence)
H04N0001047000	Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position (H04N0001170000 takes precedence)
H04N0001053000	in main scanning direction, e.g. synchronisation of line start or picture elements in a line
H04N0001060000	using cylindrical picture-bearing surfaces
H04N0001080000	Mechanisms for mounting or holding the sheet around the drum
H04N0001100000	using flat picture-bearing surfaces
H04N0001107000	with manual scanning
H04N0001113000	using oscillating or rotating mirrors
H04N0001120000	using the sheet-feed movement as the slow scanning component (using multi-element arrays H04N0001190000)
H04N0001140000	using a rotating endless belt carrying the scanning heads
H04N0001160000	using a rotating helical element
H04N0001170000	the scanning speed being dependent on content of picture
H04N0001190000	using multi-element arrays
H04N0001191000	the array comprising a one-dimensional array
H04N0001192000	Simultaneously scanning picture elements on one main scanning line
H04N0001193000	using electrically scanned linear arrays
H04N0001195000	the array comprising a two-dimensional array
H04N0001203000	Simultaneous scanning of two or more separate pictures
H04N0001207000	Simultaneous scanning of the original picture and the reproduced picture with a common scanning device
H04N0001210000	Intermediate information storage (H04N0001387000, H04N0001410000 take precedence)
H04N0001230000	Reproducing arrangements
H04N0001270000	involving production of a magnetic intermediate picture
H04N0001290000	involving production of an electrostatic intermediate picture
H04N0001310000	Mechanical arrangements for picture transmission, e.g. adaptation of clutches, gearing, gear transmissions
H04N0001320000	Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver
H04N0001327000	Initiating, continuing or ending a single-mode communication; Handshaking therefor
H04N0001333000	Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor
H04N0001340000	for coin-freed systems
H04N0001360000	for synchronising or phasing transmitter and receiver
H04N0001380000	Circuits or arrangements for blanking or otherwise eliminating unwanted parts of pictures (H04N0001387000 takes precedence)
H04N0001387000	Composing, repositioning or otherwise modifying originals
H04N0001393000	Enlarging or reducing
H04N0001400000	Picture signal circuits (H04N0001387000 takes precedence)
H04N0001401000	Compensating positionaly unequal response of the pick-up or reproducing head (H04N0001403000 takes precedence)
H04N0001403000	Discrimination between the two tones in the picture signal of a two-tone original
H04N0001405000	Halftoning, i.e. converting the picture signal of a continuous-tone original into a corresponding signal showing only two levels
H04N0001407000	Control or modification of tonal gradation or of extreme levels, e.g. background level
H04N0001409000	Edge or detail enhancement; Noise or error suppression
H04N0001410000	Bandwidth or redundancy reduction (by scanning H04N0001170000)
H04N0001411000	for the transmission or reproduction of two-tone pictures, e.g. black and white pictures
H04N0001413000	Systems or arrangements allowing the picture to be reproduced without loss or modification of picture-information
H04N0001415000	in which the picture-elements are subdivided or grouped into fixed one-dimensional or two-dimensional blocks
H04N0001417000	using predictive or differential encoding
H04N0001419000	in which encoding of the length of a succession of picture-elements of the same value along a scanning line is the only encoding step
H04N0001420000	Systems for two-way working
H04N0001440000	Secrecy systems
H04N0001460000	Colour picture communication systems
H04N0001480000	Picture signal generators (for halftone screening H04N0001520000)
H04N0001500000	Picture reproducers (for halftone screening H04N0001520000)
H04N0001520000	Circuits or arrangements for halftone screening
H04N0001540000	Conversion of colour picture signals to a plurality of signals some of which represent particular mixed colours, e.g. for textile printing
H04N0001560000	Processing of colour picture signals (H04N0001520000 takes precedence)
H04N0001580000	Edge or detail enhancement; Noise or error suppression, e.g. colour misregistration correction (H04N0001620000 takes precedence)
H04N0001600000	Colour correction or control
H04N0001620000	Retouching, i.e. modification of isolated colours only or in isolated picture areas only
H04N0001640000	Systems for the transmission or the storage of the colour picture signal; Details therefor, e.g. coding or decoding means therefor
H04N0003000000	Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
H04N0003020000	by optical-mechanical means only (H04N0003360000 takes precedence)
H04N0003040000	having a moving aperture
H04N0003060000	having a moving lens or other refractor
H04N0003080000	having a moving reflector
H04N0003090000	for electromagnetic radiation in the invisible region, e.g. infra-red
H04N0003100000	by means not exclusively optical-mechanical (H04N0003360000 takes precedence)
H04N0003120000	by switched stationary formation of lamps, photocells, or light relays
H04N0003140000	by means of electrically scanned solid-state devices (for picture generation H04N0005335000)
H04N0003160000	by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube
H04N0003180000	Generation of supply voltages, in combination with electron beam deflecting
H04N0003185000	Maintaining dc voltage constant
H04N0003190000	Arrangements or assemblies in supply circuits for the purpose of withstanding high voltages
H04N0003200000	Prevention of damage to cathode-ray tubes in event of failure of scanning
H04N0003220000	Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
H04N0003223000	Controlling dimensions (by maintaining the cathode-ray tube high voltage constant H04N0003185000)
H04N0003227000	Centering
H04N0003230000	Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction
H04N0003233000	using active elements
H04N0003237000	using passive elements
H04N0003240000	Blanking circuits
H04N0003260000	Modifications of scanning arrangements to improve focusing
H04N0003270000	Circuits special to multi-standard receivers
H04N0003280000	producing multiple scanning, i.e. using more than one spot at the same time
H04N0003300000	otherwise than with constant velocity or otherwise than in pattern formed by unidirectional, straight, substantially horizontal or vertical lines
H04N0003320000	Velocity varied in dependence upon picture information
H04N0003340000	Elemental scanning area oscillated rapidly in direction transverse to main scanning direction
H04N0003360000	Scanning of motion picture films, e.g. for telecine
H04N0003380000	with continuously moving film
H04N0003400000	with intermittently moving film
H04N0005000000	Details of television systems (scanning details or combination thereof with generation of supply voltages H04N0003000000)
H04N0005040000	Synchronising (for television systems using pulse code modulation H04N0007560000)
H04N0005050000	Synchronising circuits with arrangements for extending range of synchronisation, e.g. by using switching between several time constants
H04N0005060000	Generation of synchronising signals
H04N0005067000	Arrangements or circuits at the transmitter end
H04N0005073000	for mutually locking plural sources of synchronising signals, e.g. studios or relay stations
H04N0005080000	Separation of synchronising signals from picture signals
H04N0005100000	Separation of line synchronising signal from frame synchronising signal
H04N0005120000	Devices in which the synchronising signals are only operative if a phase difference occurs between synchronising and synchronised scanning devices, e.g. flywheel synchronising
H04N0005140000	Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region (H04N0005222000 takes precedence)
H04N0005160000	Circuitry for reinsertion of dc and slowly varying components of signal; Circuitry for preservation of black or white level
H04N0005180000	by means of "clamp" circuit operated by switching circuit
H04N0005200000	Circuitry for controlling amplitude response
H04N0005202000	Gamma control
H04N0005205000	for correcting amplitude versus frequency characteristic
H04N0005208000	for compensating for attenuation of high frequency components, e.g. crispening, aperture distortion correction
H04N0005210000	Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moire or halo
H04N0005213000	Circuitry for suppressing or minimising impulsive noise (H04N0005217000 takes precedence)
H04N0005217000	in picture signal generation
H04N0005222000	Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
H04N0005225000	Television cameras
H04N0005228000	Circuit details for pick-up tubes
H04N0005232000	Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control (H04N0005235000 takes precedence)
H04N0005235000	Circuitry for compensating for variation in the brightness of the object
H04N0005238000	by influencing optical part of the camera
H04N0005243000	by influencing the picture signal
H04N0005247000	Arrangement of television cameras
H04N0005253000	Picture signal generating by scanning motion picture films or slide opaques, e.g. for telecine (scanning details therefor H04N0003360000)
H04N0005257000	Picture signal generators using flying-spot scanners (H04N0005253000 takes precedence)
H04N0005262000	Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects
H04N0005265000	Mixing
H04N0005268000	Signal distribution or switching
H04N0005272000	Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
H04N0005275000	Generation of keying signals
H04N0005278000	Subtitling
H04N0005280000	Mobile studios
H04N0005300000	Transforming light or analogous information into electric information (H04N0005222000 takes precedence;scanning details H04N0003000000)
H04N0005320000	Transforming X-rays
H04N0005321000	with video transmission of fluoroscopic images
H04N0005325000	Image enhancement, e.g. by subtraction techniques using polyenergetic X-rays
H04N0005330000	Transforming infra-red radiation
H04N0005335000	using solid-state image sensors [SSIS] (H04N0005320000, H04N0005330000 take precedence)
H04N0005341000	Extracting pixel data from an image sensor by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels having been sampled or to be sampled
H04N0005343000	by switching between different modes of operation using different resolutions or aspect ratios, e.g. between still and video mode or between interlaced and non-interlaced mode
H04N0005345000	by partially reading an SSIS array
H04N0005347000	by combining or binning pixels in SSIS
H04N0005349000	for increasing resolution by shifting the sensor relative to the scene
H04N0005351000	Control of the SSIS depending on the scene, e.g. brightness or motion in the scene
H04N0005353000	Control of the integration time
H04N0005355000	Control of the dynamic range
H04N0005357000	Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
H04N0005359000	applied to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels
H04N0005361000	applied to dark current
H04N0005363000	applied to reset noise, e.g. KTC noise
H04N0005365000	applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
H04N0005367000	applied to defects, e.g. non-responsive pixels
H04N0005369000	SSIS architecture; Circuitry associated therewith
H04N0005372000	Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Time delay and integration [TDI] registers or shift registers specially adapted for SSIS
H04N0005372200	using frame interline transfer [FIT]
H04N0005372500	using frame transfer [FT]
H04N0005372800	using interline transfer [IT]
H04N0005374000	Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
H04N0005374500	having additional components embedded within a pixel or connected to a group of pixels within a sensor matrix, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
H04N0005376000	Addressing circuits
H04N0005378000	Readout circuits, e.g. correlated double sampling [CDS] circuits, output amplifiers or A/D converters
H04N0005380000	Transmitter circuitry (H04N0005140000 takes precedence)
H04N0005400000	Modulation circuits
H04N0005420000	for transmitting at will black-and-white or colour signals
H04N0005440000	Receiver circuitry (H04N0005140000 takes precedence)
H04N0005445000	for displaying additional information (H04N0005500000  takes precedence)
H04N0005450000	Picture in picture
H04N0005455000	Demodulation-circuits
H04N0005460000	for receiving on more than one standard at will (deflecting circuits of multi-standard receivers H04N0003270000)
H04N0005500000	Tuning indicators; Automatic tuning control
H04N0005520000	Automatic gain control
H04N0005530000	Keyed automatic gain control
H04N0005540000	for positively-modulated picture signals (H04N0005530000 takes precedence)
H04N0005560000	for negatively-modulated picture signals (H04N0005530000 takes precedence)
H04N0005570000	Control of contrast or brightness
H04N0005580000	in dependence upon ambient light
H04N0005590000	in dependence upon beam current of cathode ray tube
H04N0005600000	for the sound signals
H04N0005620000	Intercarrier circuits, i.e. heterodyning sound and vision carriers
H04N0005630000	Generation or supply of power specially adapted for television receivers
H04N0005640000	Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers (furniture aspects A47B0081060000)
H04N0005645000	Mounting of picture tube on chassis or in housing
H04N0005650000	Holding-devices for protective discs or for picture masks
H04N0005655000	Construction or mounting of chassis, e.g. for varying the elevation of the tube
H04N0005660000	Transforming electric information into light information (scanning details H04N0003000000)
H04N0005680000	Circuit details for cathode-ray display tubes
H04N0005700000	Circuit details for electroluminescent devices
H04N0005720000	Modifying the appearance of television pictures by optical filters or diffusing screens
H04N0005740000	Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
H04N0005760000	Television signal recording
H04N0005761000	Systems for programming the time at which predetermined television channels will be selected for recording
H04N0005761300	by using data entered by the user and a reference timing clock incorporated in the recorder
H04N0005761700	by using data entered by the user and reference data transmitted by the broadcasting station
H04N0005765000	Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus
H04N0005770000	between a recording apparatus and a television camera
H04N0005775000	between a recording apparatus and a television receiver
H04N0005780000	using magnetic recording (H04N0005910000 takes precedence)
H04N0005781000	on discs or drums
H04N0005782000	on tape
H04N0005782200	with stationary magnetic heads
H04N0005782400	with rotating magnetic heads
H04N0005782600	involving helical scanning of the magnetic tape
H04N0005782800	involving transversal scanning of the magnetic tape
H04N0005783000	Adaptations for reproducing at a rate different from the recording rate
H04N0005784000	on a sheet
H04N0005800000	using electrostatic recording (H04N0005910000 takes precedence)
H04N0005820000	using deformable thermoplastic recording medium
H04N0005830000	on discs or drums
H04N0005840000	using optical recording (H04N0005800000, H04N0005890000, H04N0005910000 take precedence)
H04N0005850000	on discs or drums
H04N0005870000	Producing a motion picture film from a television signal
H04N0005890000	using holographic recording (H04N0005910000 take precedence)
H04N0005900000	on discs or drums
H04N0005903000	using variable electrical capacitive recording (H04N0005910000 takes precedence)
H04N0005907000	using static stores, e.g. storage tubes or semiconductor memories (H04N0005910000 takes precedence)
H04N0005910000	Television signal processing therefor
H04N0005911000	for the suppression of noise
H04N0005913000	for scrambling
H04N0005915000	for field- or frame-skip recording or reproducing
H04N0005917000	for bandwidth reduction
H04N0005919000	by dividing samples or signal segments, e.g. television lines, among a plurality of recording channels
H04N0005920000	Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
H04N0005921000	by recording or reproducing the baseband signal
H04N0005922000	by modulation of the signal on a carrier wave, e.g. amplitude or frequency modulation
H04N0005923000	using preemphasis of the signal before modulation and deemphasis of the signal after demodulation
H04N0005924000	using duty cycle modulation
H04N0005926000	by pulse code modulation (H04N0005919000 takes precedence)
H04N0005928000	the sound signal being pulse code modulated and recorded in time division multiplex with the modulated video signal
H04N0005930000	Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof
H04N0005931000	for restoring the level of the reproduced signal
H04N0005932000	Regeneration of analogue synchronisation signals
H04N0005935000	Regeneration of digital synchronisation signals
H04N0005937000	by assembling picture element blocks in an intermediate store
H04N0005940000	Signal drop-out compensation
H04N0005945000	for signals recorded by pulse code modulation
H04N0005950000	Time-base error compensation
H04N0005953000	by using an analogue memory, e.g. a CCD-shift register, the delay of which is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator
H04N0005956000	by using a digital memory with independent write-in and read-out clock generators
H04N0007000000	Television systems (details H04N0003000000, H04N0005000000;methods or arrangements, for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals H04N0019000000;selective content distribution H04N0021000000)
H04N0007010000	Conversion of standards
H04N0007015000	High-definition television systems
H04N0007025000	Systems for transmission of digital non-picture data, e.g. of text during the active part of a television frame
H04N0007030000	Subscription systems therefor
H04N0007035000	Circuits for the digital non-picture data signal, e.g. for slicing of the data signal, for regeneration of the data-clock signal, for error detection or correction of the data signal
H04N0007040000	Systems for the transmission of one television signal, i.e. both picture and sound, by a single carrier
H04N0007045000	the carrier being frequency modulated
H04N0007060000	Systems for the simultaneous transmission of one television signal, i.e. both picture and sound, by more than one carrier
H04N0007080000	Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band
H04N0007081000	the additional information signals being transmitted by means of a subcarrier
H04N0007083000	with signal insertion during the vertical and the horizontal blanking interval
H04N0007084000	with signal insertion during the horizontal blanking interval
H04N0007085000	the inserted signal being digital
H04N0007087000	with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval
H04N0007088000	the inserted signal being digital
H04N0007100000	Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable (H04N0007120000 takes precedence)
H04N0007120000	Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal (H04N0007240000 takes precedence)
H04N0007140000	Systems for two-way working (H04N0007173000 takes precedence)
H04N0007150000	Conference systems
H04N0007160000	Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
H04N0007167000	Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
H04N0007169000	Systems operating in the time domain of the television signal
H04N0007171000	Systems operating in the amplitude domain of the television signal
H04N0007173000	with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
H04N0007180000	Closed-circuit television systems, i.e. systems in which the signal is not broadcast
H04N0007200000	Adaptations for transmission via a GHz frequency band, e.g. via satellite
H04N0007220000	Adaptations for optical transmission
H04N0007240000	Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation (H04N0021000000 takes precedence)
H04N0007520000	Systems for transmission of a pulse code modulated with one or more other pulse code modulated signals, e.g. an audio signal or a synchronizing signal (assembling of a multiplex stream by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, remultiplexing of multiplex streams, insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, assembling of a packetised elementary stream at server side H04N0021236000;disassembling of a multiplex stream, remultiplexing of multiplex streams, extraction or processing of Service Information, disassembling of packetised elementary stream at client side H04N0021434000)
H04N0007540000	the signals being synchronous
H04N0007560000	Synchronising systems therefor
H04N0009000000	Details of colour television systems
H04N0009040000	Picture signal generators
H04N0009070000	with one pick-up device only
H04N0009077000	whereby the colour signals are characterised by their phase
H04N0009083000	whereby the colour signals are characterised by their frequency
H04N0009090000	with more than one pick-up device
H04N0009093000	Systems for avoiding or correcting misregistration of video signals
H04N0009097000	Optical arrangements associated therewith, e.g. for beam-splitting, for colour correction
H04N0009100000	using optical-mechanical scanning means only (H04N0009110000 takes precedence)
H04N0009110000	Scanning of colour motion picture films, e.g. for telecine
H04N0009120000	Picture reproducers (H04N0009110000 takes precedence)
H04N0009140000	using optical-mechanical scanning means only
H04N0009160000	using cathode ray tubes (H04N0009110000 takes precedence)
H04N0009180000	using separate electron beams for the primary colour signals (H04N0009270000 takes precedence)
H04N0009200000	with more than one beam in a tube
H04N0009220000	using the same beam for more than one primary colour information (H04N0009270000 takes precedence)
H04N0009240000	using means, integral with, or external to, the tube, for producing signal indicating instantaneous beam position
H04N0009260000	using electron-optical colour selection means, e.g. line grid, deflection means in or near the gun or near the phosphor screen
H04N0009270000	with variable depth of penetration of electron beam into the luminescent layer, e.g. penetrons
H04N0009280000	Arrangements for convergence or focusing
H04N0009285000	using quadrupole lenses
H04N0009290000	using demagnetisation or compensation of external magnetic fields
H04N0009300000	using solid-state colour display devices
H04N0009310000	Projection devices for colour picture display
H04N0009430000	Conversion of monochrome picture signals to colour picture signals for colour picture display
H04N0009440000	Colour synchronisation
H04N0009450000	Generation or recovery of colour sub-carriers
H04N0009455000	Generation of colour burst signals; Insertion of colour burst signals in colour picture signals or separation of colour burst signals from colour picture signals (H04N0009450000 takes precedence)
H04N0009465000	Synchronisation of the PAL-switch
H04N0009470000	for sequential signals
H04N0009475000	for mutually locking different synchronisation sources
H04N0009640000	Circuits for processing colour signals (H04N0009770000 takes precedence)
H04N0009650000	for synchronous modulators
H04N0009660000	for synchronous demodulators
H04N0009670000	for matrixing
H04N0009680000	for controlling the amplitude of colour signals, e.g. automatic chroma control circuits (H04N0009710000, H04N0009730000 take precedence)
H04N0009690000	for modifying the colour signals by gamma correction
H04N0009700000	for colour killing
H04N0009710000	combined with colour gain control
H04N0009720000	for reinsertion of dc and slowly varying components of colour signals
H04N0009730000	colour balance circuits, e.g. white balance circuits, colour temperature control
H04N0009740000	for obtaining special effects (H04N0009650000-H04N0009730000 take precedence)
H04N0009750000	Chroma key
H04N0009760000	for mixing of colour signals (H04N0009750000 takes precedence)
H04N0009770000	Circuits for processing the brightness signal and the chrominance signal relative to each other, e.g. adjusting the phase of the brightness signal relative to the colour signal, correcting differential gain or differential phase (circuits for matrixing H04N0009670000)
H04N0009780000	for separating the brightness signal or the chrominance signal from the colour television signal, e.g. using comb filter
H04N0009790000	Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
H04N0009793000	for controlling the level of the chrominance signal, e.g. by means of automatic chroma control circuits
H04N0009797000	for recording the signal in a plurality of channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the signal (H04N0009804000, H04N0009810000, H04N0009820000 take precedence)
H04N0009800000	Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
H04N0009802000	involving processing of the sound signal (H04N0009806000, H04N0009835000 take precedence)
H04N0009804000	involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
H04N0009806000	with processing of the sound signal
H04N0009808000	involving pulse code modulation of the composite colour video-signal
H04N0009810000	the individual colour picture signal components being recorded sequentially only
H04N0009815000	the luminance signal and the sequential colour component signals being recorded in separate recording channels
H04N0009820000	the individual colour picture signal components being recorded simultaneously only
H04N0009825000	the luminance and chrominance signals being recorded in separate channels
H04N0009830000	the recorded chrominance signal occupying a frequency band under the frequency band of the recorded brightness signal
H04N0009835000	involving processing of the sound signal
H04N0009840000	the recorded signal showing a feature, which is different in adjacent track parts, e.g. different phase or frequency
H04N0009850000	the recorded brightness signal occupying a frequency band totally overlapping the frequency band of the recorded chrominance signal, e.g. frequency interleaving
H04N0009860000	the individual colour picture signal components being recorded sequentially and simultaneously, e.g. corresponding to SECAM-system
H04N0009870000	Regeneration of colour television signals (H04N0009800000 takes precedence)
H04N0009873000	for restoring the colour component sequence of the reproduced signal
H04N0009877000	by assembling picture element blocks in an intermediate memory
H04N0009880000	Signal drop-out compensation
H04N0009882000	the signal being a composite colour television signal
H04N0009885000	using a digital intermediate memory
H04N0009888000	for signals recorded by pulse code modulation
H04N0009890000	Time-base error compensation
H04N0009893000	using an analogue memory, e.g. a CCD-shift register, the delay of which is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator
H04N0009896000	using a digital memory with independent write-in and read-out clock generators
H04N0009898000	using frequency multiplication of the reproduced colour signal with another auxiliary reproduced signal, e.g. a pilot signal carrier
H04N0011000000	Colour television systems (details H04N0009000000)
H04N0011020000	with bandwidth reduction (H04N0011040000 takes precedence)
H04N0011040000	using pulse code modulation
H04N0011060000	Transmission systems characterised by the manner in which the individual colour picture signal components are combined
H04N0011080000	using sequential signals only (dot sequential systems H04N0011120000)
H04N0011100000	in which colour signals are inserted in the blanking interval of brightness signal
H04N0011120000	using simultaneous signals only
H04N0011140000	in which one signal, modulated in phase and amplitude, conveys colour information and a second signal conveys brightness information, e.g. NTSC-system
H04N0011160000	the chrominance signal alternating in phase, e.g. PAL-system
H04N0011180000	using simultaneous and sequential signals, e.g. SECAM-system
H04N0011200000	Conversion of the manner in which the individual colour picture signal components are combined, e.g. conversion of colour television standards
H04N0011220000	in which simultaneous signals are converted into sequential signals or vice versa
H04N0011240000	High-definition television systems
H04N0013000000	Stereoscopic television systems; Details thereof
H04N0013020000	Picture signal generators
H04N0013040000	Picture reproducers
H04N0015000000	Stereoscopic colour television systems; Details thereof
H04N0017000000	Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
H04N0017020000	for colour television signals
H04N0017040000	for receivers
H04N0017060000	for recorders
H04N0019000000	Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
H04N0019100000	using adaptive coding
H04N0019102000	characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
H04N0019103000	Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
H04N0019105000	Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N0019107000	between spatial and temporal predictive coding, e.g. picture refresh
H04N0019109000	among a plurality of temporal predictive coding modes
H04N0019110000	among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
H04N0019112000	according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
H04N0019114000	Adapting the group of pictures [GOP] structure, e.g. number of B-frames between two anchor frames (H04N0019107000 takes precedence)
H04N0019115000	Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
H04N0019117000	Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing (sub-band filter banks H04N0019635000)
H04N0019119000	Adaptive subdivision aspects e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
H04N0019120000	Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
H04N0019122000	Selection of transform size, e.g. 8x8 or 2x4x8 DCT; Selection of sub-band transforms of varying structure or type
H04N0019124000	Quantisation
H04N0019126000	Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
H04N0019127000	Prioritisation of hardware or computational resources
H04N0019129000	Scanning of coding units, e.g. zig-zag scan of transform coefficients or flexible macroblock ordering [FMO]
H04N0019130000	Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
H04N0019132000	Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
H04N0019134000	characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
H04N0019136000	Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
H04N0019137000	Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
H04N0019139000	Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
H04N0019140000	Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation (H04N0019146000 takes precedence)
H04N0019142000	Detection of scene cut or scene change
H04N0019146000	Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
H04N0019147000	according to rate distortion criteria (rate-distortion as a criterion for motion estimation H04N0019567000)
H04N0019149000	by estimating the code amount by means of a model, e.g. mathematical model or statistical model
H04N0019150000	by monitoring actual compressed data size at the memory before deciding storage at the transmission buffer
H04N0019152000	by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
H04N0019154000	Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion (use of rate-distortion criteria H04N0019147000)
H04N0019156000	Availability of hardware or computational resources, e.g. encoding based on power-saving criteria
H04N0019157000	Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
H04N0019159000	Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
H04N0019160000	for a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
H04N0019162000	User input
H04N0019164000	Feedback from the receiver or from the transmission channel
H04N0019166000	concerning the amount of transmission errors, e.g. bit error rate [BER]
H04N0019167000	Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
H04N0019169000	characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
H04N0019170000	the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
H04N0019172000	the region being a picture, frame or field
H04N0019174000	the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
H04N0019176000	the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N0019177000	the unit being a group of pictures [GOP]
H04N0019179000	the unit being a scene or a shot
H04N0019180000	the unit being a set of transform coefficients
H04N0019182000	the unit being a pixel
H04N0019184000	the unit being bits, e.g. of the compressed video stream
H04N0019186000	the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
H04N0019187000	the unit being a scalable video layer
H04N0019189000	characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
H04N0019190000	using optimisation based on Lagrange multipliers
H04N0019192000	the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
H04N0019194000	involving only two passes
H04N0019196000	being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters (processing of motion vectors H04N0019513000)
H04N0019200000	using video object coding
H04N0019210000	with binary alpha-plane coding for video objects, e.g. context-based arithmetic encoding [CAE]
H04N0019230000	with coding of regions that are present throughout a whole video segment, e.g. sprites, background or mosaic
H04N0019250000	with scene description coding, e.g. binary format for scenes [BIFS] compression
H04N0019270000	involving both synthetic and natural picture components, e.g. synthetic natural hybrid coding [SNHC]
H04N0019290000	involving scalability at the object level, e.g. video object layer [VOL]
H04N0019300000	using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability (H04N0019630000 takes precedence)
H04N0019310000	in the temporal domain
H04N0019330000	in the spatial domain
H04N0019340000	Scalability techniques involving progressive bit-plane based encoding of the enhancement layer, e.g. fine granular scalability [FGS]
H04N0019360000	Scalability techniques involving formatting the layers as a function of picture distortion after decoding, e.g. signal-to-noise [SNR] scalability
H04N0019370000	with arrangements for assigning different transmission priorities to video input data or to video coded data
H04N0019390000	involving multiple description coding [MDC], i.e. with separate layers being structured as independently decodable descriptions of input picture data
H04N0019400000	using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
H04N0019420000	characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation (H04N0019635000 takes precedence)
H04N0019423000	characterised by memory arrangements (H04N0019433000 takes precedence)
H04N0019426000	using memory downsizing methods
H04N0019430000	Hardware specially adapted for motion estimation or compensation
H04N0019433000	characterised by techniques for memory access
H04N0019436000	using parallelised computational arrangements
H04N0019440000	Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
H04N0019460000	Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process (H04N0019517000, H04N0019680000, H04N0019700000 take precedence)
H04N0019463000	by compressing encoding parameters before transmission
H04N0019467000	characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
H04N0019480000	using compressed domain processing techniques other than decoding, e.g. modification of transform coefficients, variable length coding [VLC] data or run-length data (motion estimation in a transform domain H04N0019547000;processing of decoded motion vectors H04N0019513000)
H04N0019500000	using predictive coding (H04N0019610000 takes precedence)
H04N0019503000	involving temporal prediction (adaptive coding with adaptive selection between spatial and temporal predictive coding H04N0019107000;adaptive coding with adaptive selection among a plurality of temporal predictive coding modes H04N0019109000)
H04N0019507000	using conditional replenishment
H04N0019510000	Motion estimation or motion compensation
H04N0019513000	Processing of motion vectors
H04N0019517000	by encoding
H04N0019520000	by predictive encoding
H04N0019523000	with sub-pixel accuracy
H04N0019527000	Global motion vector estimation
H04N0019530000	Multi-resolution motion estimation; Hierarchical motion estimation
H04N0019533000	Motion estimation using multistep search, e.g. 2D-log search or one-at-a-time search [OTS]
H04N0019537000	Motion estimation other than block-based
H04N0019540000	using feature points or meshes
H04N0019543000	using regions
H04N0019547000	Motion estimation performed in a transform domain
H04N0019550000	Motion estimation with spatial constraints, e.g. at image or region borders
H04N0019553000	Motion estimation dealing with occlusions
H04N0019557000	Motion estimation characterised by stopping computation or iteration based on certain criteria, e.g. error magnitude being too large or early exit
H04N0019560000	Motion estimation with initialisation of the vector search, e.g. estimating a good candidate to initiate a search
H04N0019563000	Motion estimation with padding, i.e. with filling of non-object values in an arbitrarily shaped picture block or region for estimation purposes
H04N0019567000	Motion estimation based on rate distortion criteria
H04N0019570000	Motion estimation characterised by a search window with variable size or shape
H04N0019573000	Motion compensation with multiple frame prediction using two or more reference frames in a given prediction direction
H04N0019577000	Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures
H04N0019580000	Motion compensation with long-term prediction, i.e. the reference frame for a current frame not being the temporally closest one (H04N0019230000 takes precedence)
H04N0019583000	Motion compensation with overlapping blocks
H04N0019587000	involving temporal sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. decimation or subsequent interpolation of pictures in a video sequence
H04N0019590000	involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
H04N0019593000	involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N0019597000	specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
H04N0019600000	using transform coding
H04N0019610000	in combination with predictive coding
H04N0019615000	using motion compensated temporal filtering [MCTF]
H04N0019620000	by frequency transforming in three dimensions (H04N0019630000 takes precedence)
H04N0019625000	using discrete cosine transform [DCT]
H04N0019630000	using sub-band based transform, e.g. wavelets
H04N0019635000	characterised by filter definition or implementation details
H04N0019640000	characterised by ordering of coefficients or of bits for transmission
H04N0019645000	by grouping of coefficients into blocks after the transform
H04N0019650000	using error resilience
H04N0019660000	involving data partitioning, i.e. separation of data into packets or partitions according to importance
H04N0019670000	involving unequal error protection [UEP], i.e. providing protection according to the importance of the data
H04N0019680000	involving the insertion of resynchronisation markers into the bitstream
H04N0019690000	involving reversible variable length codes [RVLC]
H04N0019700000	characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
H04N0019800000	Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation (H04N0019635000, H04N0019860000 take precedence)
H04N0019820000	involving filtering within a prediction loop
H04N0019850000	using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
H04N0019860000	involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
H04N0019870000	involving scene cut or scene change detection in combination with video compression
H04N0019880000	involving rearrangement of data among different coding units, e.g. shuffling, interleaving, scrambling or permutation of pixel data or permutation of transform coefficient data among different blocks
H04N0019890000	involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder
H04N0019895000	in combination with error concealment
H04N0019900000	using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N0019100000-H04N0019850000, e.g. fractals
H04N0019910000	Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
H04N0019930000	Run-length coding
H04N0019940000	Vector quantisation
H04N0019960000	Tree coding, e.g. quad-tree coding
H04N0019970000	Matching pursuit coding
H04N0019980000	Adaptive-dynamic-range coding [ADRC]
H04N0021000000	Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD] (real-time bi-directional transmission of motion video data H04N0007140000)
H04N0021200000	Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
H04N0021210000	Server components or server architectures
H04N0021214000	Specialised server platform, e.g. server located in an airplane, hotel or hospital
H04N0021218000	Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
H04N0021218300	Cache memory
H04N0021218700	Live feed
H04N0021222000	Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server or cable television Head-end
H04N0021222500	Local VOD servers
H04N0021226000	Internal components of the server
H04N0021230000	Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
H04N0021231000	Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers or prioritizing data for deletion
H04N0021231200	Data placement on disk arrays
H04N0021231500	using interleaving
H04N0021231800	using striping
H04N0021232000	Content retrieval operation within server, e.g. reading video streams from disk arrays
H04N0021233000	Processing of audio elementary streams
H04N0021234000	Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N0021234300	involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N0021234700	involving video stream encryption
H04N0021235000	Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
H04N0021236000	Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator ] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
H04N0021236200	Generation or processing of SI [Service Information]
H04N0021236500	Multiplexing of several video streams
H04N0021236800	Multiplexing of audio and video streams
H04N0021237000	Communication with additional data server
H04N0021238000	Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
H04N0021238100	Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an IP [Internet Protocol] network
H04N0021238300	Channel coding of digital bit-stream, e.g. modulation
H04N0021238500	Channel allocation (H04N0021266000  takes precedence); Bandwidth allocation (H04N0021240000 takes precedence)
H04N0021238700	Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
H04N0021238900	Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
H04N0021239000	Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client requests
H04N0021240000	Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N0021241000	Operating system [OS] processes, e.g. server setup
H04N0021242000	Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References]
H04N0021250000	Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication or learning user preferences for recommending movies
H04N0021254000	Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server or rights management server
H04N0021254300	Billing
H04N0021254700	Third party billing, e.g. billing of advertiser
H04N0021258000	Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N0021262000	Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
H04N0021266000	Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system or merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
H04N0021266200	Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
H04N0021266500	Gathering content from different sources, e.g. Internet and satellite
H04N0021266800	Creating a channel for a dedicated end-user group, e.g. by inserting targeted commercials into a video stream based on end-user profiles
H04N0021270000	Server based end-user applications
H04N0021274000	Storing end-user specific content or additional data in response to end-user request
H04N0021274300	Video hosting of uploaded data from client
H04N0021274700	Remote storage of video programs received via the downstream path, e.g. from the server
H04N0021278000	Content descriptor database or directory service for end-user access
H04N0021400000	Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of, or interaction with, content, e.g. STB [set-top-box]; Operations thereof
H04N0021410000	Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
H04N0021414000	Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance
H04N0021414300	PC [Personal Computer]
H04N0021414700	PVR [Personal Video Recorder] (H04N0005760000 takes precedence)
H04N0021418000	External card to be used in combination with the client device, e.g. for conditional access
H04N0021418500	for payment
H04N0021422000	Input-only peripherals, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
H04N0021422300	Cameras (H04N0005225000  takes precedence)
H04N0021422700	Remote input by a user located remotely from the client device, e.g. at work
H04N0021426000	Internal components of the client (H04N0005440000  takes precedence)
H04N0021430000	Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronizing decoder's clock; Client middleware
H04N0021431000	Generation of visual interfaces; Content or additional data rendering
H04N0021432000	Content retrieval operation from a local storage medium, e.g. hard-disk
H04N0021433000	Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request or caching operations
H04N0021433500	Housekeeping operations, e.g. prioritizing content for deletion because of storage space restrictions
H04N0021434000	Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams or extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
H04N0021435000	Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data or reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
H04N0021436000	Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or inside the home
H04N0021436300	Adapting the video stream to a specific local network, e.g. a IEEE 1394 or Bluetooth® network
H04N0021436700	Establishing a secure communication between the client and a peripheral device or smart card
H04N0021437000	Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. for transmitting client requests to a VOD server
H04N0021438000	Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
H04N0021438500	Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream decrypting
H04N0021439000	Processing of audio elementary streams
H04N0021440000	Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N0021440200	involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
H04N0021440500	involving video stream decryption
H04N0021440800	involving video stream encryption, e.g. re-encrypting a decrypted video stream for redistribution in a home network
H04N0021441000	Acquiring end-user identification
H04N0021441500	using biometric characteristics of the user, e.g. by voice recognition or fingerprint scanning
H04N0021442000	Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
H04N0021442500	Monitoring of client processing errors or hardware failure
H04N0021443000	OS processes, e.g. booting an STB, implementing a Java virtual machine in an STB or power management in an STB
H04N0021450000	Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies or resolving scheduling conflicts
H04N0021454000	Content filtering, e.g. blocking advertisements
H04N0021454500	Input to filtering algorithms, e.g. filtering a region of the image
H04N0021458000	Scheduling content for creating a personalised stream, e.g. by combining a locally stored advertisement with an incoming stream; Updating operations, e.g. for OS modules
H04N0021462000	Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
H04N0021462300	Processing of entitlement messages, e.g. ECM [Entitlement Control Message] or EMM [Entitlement Management Message]
H04N0021462700	Rights management
H04N0021466000	Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
H04N0021470000	End-user applications
H04N0021472000	End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification or for manipulating displayed content
H04N0021472200	for requesting additional data associated with the content
H04N0021472500	using interactive regions of the image, e.g. hot spots
H04N0021472800	for selecting a ROI [Region Of Interest], e.g. for requesting a higher resolution version of a selected region
H04N0021475000	End-user interface for inputting end-user data, e.g. PIN [Personal Identification Number] or preference data
H04N0021478000	Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification or shopping application
H04N0021478200	Web browsing
H04N0021478400	receiving rewards
H04N0021478600	e-mailing
H04N0021478800	communicating with other users, e.g. chatting
H04N0021482000	End-user interface for program selection
H04N0021485000	End-user interface for client configuration
H04N0021488000	Data services, e.g. news ticker
H04N0021600000	Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client; Communication details between server and client
H04N0021610000	Network physical structure; Signal processing (H04B takes precedence)
H04N0021630000	Control signaling between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
H04N0021633000	Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client
H04N0021633200	directed to client
H04N0021633400	for authorisation, e.g. by transmitting a key
H04N0021633600	directed to decoder
H04N0021633800	directed to network
H04N0021637000	Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
H04N0021637100	directed to network
H04N0021637300	for rate control
H04N0021637500	for requesting retransmission
H04N0021637700	directed to server
H04N0021637900	directed to encoder
H04N0021640000	Addressing
H04N0021640200	Address allocation for clients
H04N0021640500	Multicasting
H04N0021640800	Unicasting
H04N0021643000	Communication protocols
H04N0021643300	DSM-CC [Digital Storage Media - Command and Control Protocol]
H04N0021643700	RTP [Real-time Transport Protocol]
H04N0021647000	Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
H04N0021650000	Transmission of management data between client and server
H04N0021654000	Transmission by server directed to the client
H04N0021654300	for forcing some client operations, e.g. recording
H04N0021654700	comprising parameters, e.g. for client setup
H04N0021658000	Transmission by the client directed to the server
H04N0021658300	Acknowledgement
H04N0021658700	Control parameters, e.g. trick play commands or viewpoint selection
H04N0021800000	Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
H04N0021810000	Monomedia components thereof
H04N0021830000	Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
H04N0021835000	Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
H04N0021835200	involving content or source identification data, e.g. UMID [Unique Material Identifier]
H04N0021835500	involving usage data, e.g. number of copies or viewings allowed
H04N0021835800	involving watermark
H04N0021840000	Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
H04N0021840500	represented by keywords
H04N0021845000	Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04N0021850000	Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
H04N0021854000	Content authoring
H04N0021854100	involving branching, e.g. to different story endings
H04N0021854300	using a description language, e.g. MHEG [Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding Expert Group] or XML [eXtensible Markup Language]
H04N0021854500	for generating interactive applications
H04N0021854700	involving timestamps for synchronizing content
H04N0021854900	Creating video summaries, e.g. movie trailer
H04N0021858000	Linking data to content, e.g. by linking an URL to a video object or by creating a hotspot
H04N0101000000	Indexing scheme associated with groups H04N0001000000-H04N0017000000, relating to still video cameras.
H04N0101000000	Still video cameras
H04Q	SELECTING (switches, relays, selectors H01H;wireless communication networks H04W)
H04Q0001000000	Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
H04Q0001020000	Constructional details
H04Q0001040000	Frames or mounting racks for selector switches; Accessories therefor, e.g. frame cover
H04Q0001060000	Cable ducts or mountings specially adapted for exchange installations
H04Q0001080000	Frames or mounting racks for relays; Accessories therefor
H04Q0001100000	Exchange station construction
H04Q0001120000	Arrangements of multiple bars with or without pivotable frames
H04Q0001140000	Distribution frames
H04Q0001160000	Wiring arrangements for selector switches or relays in frames
H04Q0001180000	Electrical details
H04Q0001200000	Testing circuits or apparatus; Circuits or apparatus for detecting, indicating, or signalling faults or troubles
H04Q0001220000	Automatic arrangements
H04Q0001240000	for connection devices
H04Q0001260000	for signalling trouble in unoccupied sub-exchanges
H04Q0001280000	Current-supply circuits or arrangements for selection equipment at exchanges
H04Q0001300000	Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents (multiplex systems providing for calling or supervisory signals H04J0001140000, H04J0003120000)
H04Q0001320000	using trains of dc pulses (H04Q0001390000 takes precedence)
H04Q0001340000	Impulse regenerators with mechanical or other non-electrical marking arrangements
H04Q0001360000	Pulse-correcting arrangements, e.g. for reducing effects due to interference
H04Q0001380000	using combinations of direct currents of different amplitudes or polarities over line conductors or combination of line conductors
H04Q0001390000	using coded pulse groups
H04Q0001400000	whereby duration of pulse or interval between two pulses is variable
H04Q0001420000	involving the position of a pulse in a cycle
H04Q0001440000	using ac (H04Q0001500000 takes precedence)
H04Q0001442000	with out-of-voice band signalling frequencies
H04Q0001444000	with voice-band signalling frequencies
H04Q0001446000	using one signalling frequency (H04Q0001460000 takes precedence)
H04Q0001448000	with conversion of a single frequency signal into a digital signal
H04Q0001450000	using multi-frequency signalling (H04Q0001460000 takes precedence)
H04Q0001453000	in which m-out-of-n signalling frequencies are transmitted
H04Q0001457000	with conversion of multi-frequency signals into digital signals
H04Q0001460000	comprising means for distinguishing between a signalling current of predetermined frequency and a complex current containing that frequency, e.g. speech current
H04Q0001480000	Induced-current signalling arrangements
H04Q0001500000	Conversion between different kinds of signals
H04Q0001540000	Amplifier switched-on automatically in dependence on automatically selected lines
H04Q0001560000	Balancing circuitry switched-on automatically in dependence on automatically selected lines
H04Q0003000000	Selecting arrangements (H04Q0005000000-H04Q0011000000 take precedence)
H04Q0003020000	Circuit arrangements for selectors responsive to a permutation code
H04Q0003040000	Circuit arrangements for receivers of routing digits
H04Q0003060000	for group or trunk group selectors
H04Q0003080000	for local or long-distance selectors
H04Q0003100000	for PBX selectors, i.e. private branch exchange selectors
H04Q0003120000	for line selectors providing transfer of routing digits
H04Q0003140000	for two-way operation selectors
H04Q0003160000	for marking-switches
H04Q0003180000	Circuit arrangements for first stage of hunting switching
H04Q0003200000	for preselectors
H04Q0003220000	comprising common calling and disconnecting circuit
H04Q0003240000	for line finders
H04Q0003260000	comprising common calling and disconnecting circuit
H04Q0003280000	comprising main groups and subgroups
H04Q0003300000	Selector finders, i.e. allotters
H04Q0003320000	Circuit arrangements for second or subsequent stages of hunting switching
H04Q0003340000	for the second preselection stage
H04Q0003360000	for the second line-finder stage
H04Q0003380000	for stages after the group-selector stage
H04Q0003400000	for stages after the line selector, e.g. for extension selector
H04Q0003420000	Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
H04Q0003440000	using revertive control
H04Q0003460000	using signals other than revertive impulses
H04Q0003470000	using translators
H04Q0003480000	using markers
H04Q0003490000	for end-to-end marking
H04Q0003495000	for routing connecting paths
H04Q0003520000	using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements
H04Q0003540000	in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
H04Q0003545000	using a stored programme
H04Q0003550000	using wired logic circuitry
H04Q0003555000	being comprised by electro-magnetic devices
H04Q0003560000	in which the control signals are multiplexed
H04Q0003580000	Arrangements providing connection between main exchange and sub-exchange or satellite
H04Q0003600000	for connecting to satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
H04Q0003620000	for connecting to private branch exchanges
H04Q0003640000	Distributing or queuing
H04Q0003660000	Traffic distributors
H04Q0003680000	Grouping or interlacing selector groups or stages
H04Q0003700000	Identification of class of calling subscriber
H04Q0003720000	Finding out and indicating number of calling subscriber
H04Q0003740000	Identification of subscriber calling from a party-line
H04Q0003760000	Translation from the called subscriber's number to the outgoing or incoming control information
H04Q0003780000	Temporary storage of information of calling or called subscriber (intermediate storage means for telegraphic communication H04L0013080000)
H04Q0005000000	Selecting arrangements wherein two or more subscriber stations are connected by the same line to the exchange
H04Q0005020000	with direct connection for all subscribers, i.e. party-line system (H04Q0005240000 takes precedence)
H04Q0005040000	Signalling by currents in one or other or both line wires or additional wires
H04Q0005060000	Signalling by amplitude or polarity of dc
H04Q0005080000	Signalling by continuous ac
H04Q0005100000	using single frequencies for different subscribers
H04Q0005120000	using combinations of frequencies
H04Q0005140000	Signalling by pulses
H04Q0005160000	by predetermined number of pulses
H04Q0005180000	with indirect connection, i.e. through subordinate switching centre
H04Q0005200000	the subordinate centre permitting interconnection of subscribers connected thereto
H04Q0005220000	the subordinate centre not permitting interconnection of subscribers connected thereto
H04Q0005240000	for two-party-line systems
H04Q0009000000	Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
H04Q0009020000	Automatically-operated arrangements
H04Q0009040000	Arrangements for synchronous operation
H04Q0009060000	Calling by using amplitude or polarity of dc
H04Q0009080000	Calling by using continuous ac
H04Q0009100000	using single different frequencies
H04Q0009120000	using combinations of frequencies
H04Q0009140000	Calling by using pulses
H04Q0009160000	by predetermined number of pulses
H04Q0011000000	Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems (multiplex systems H04J)
H04Q0011020000	for frequency-division multiplexing
H04Q0011040000	for time-division multiplexing
H04Q0011060000	Time-space-time switching
H04Q0011080000	Time only switching
H04R	LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K)
H04R0001000000	Details of transducers (diaphragms H04R0007000000;characterised by the nature of the transducer, see the relevant group of main groups H04R0009000000-H04R0023000000;mountings specially adapted for telephone equipment H04M0001020000)
H04R0001020000	Casings; Cabinets; Mountings therein (H04R0001280000 takes precedence)
H04R0001040000	Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor (in deaf-aid sets H04R0025000000)
H04R0001060000	Arranging circuit leads; Relieving strain on circuit leads
H04R0001080000	Mouthpieces; Attachments therefor
H04R0001100000	Earpieces; Attachments therefor
H04R0001120000	Sanitary or hygienic devices for mouthpieces or earpieces, e.g. for protecting against infection
H04R0001140000	Throat mountings for microphones
H04R0001160000	Mounting or connecting stylus to transducer with or without damping means
H04R0001180000	Holders for styli; Mounting holders on transducers
H04R0001200000	Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics (for stereophonic purposes H04R0005000000)
H04R0001220000	for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
H04R0001240000	Structural combinations of separate transducers or of parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges
H04R0001260000	Spatial arrangement of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
H04R0001280000	Transducer mountings or enclosures designed for specific frequency response; Transducer enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
H04R0001300000	Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means
H04R0001320000	for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
H04R0001340000	by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
H04R0001360000	by using a single aperture of dimensions not greater than the shortest operating wavelength
H04R0001380000	in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
H04R0001400000	by combining a number of identical transducers
H04R0001420000	Combinations of transducers with fluid-pressure or other non-electrical amplifying means
H04R0001440000	Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
H04R0001460000	Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope (throat mountings H04R0001140000)
H04R0003000000	Circuits for transducers (arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound G10K0015080000;amplifiers H03F)
H04R0003020000	for preventing acoustic reaction
H04R0003040000	for correcting frequency response
H04R0003060000	of electrostatic transducers
H04R0003080000	of electromagnetic transducers
H04R0003100000	of variable-resistance microphones
H04R0003120000	for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
H04R0003140000	Cross-over networks
H04R0005000000	Stereophonic arrangements (stereophonic pick-ups H04R0009160000, H04R0011120000, H04R0017080000, H04R0019100000)
H04R0005020000	Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
H04R0005027000	Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads
H04R0005033000	Headphones for stereophonic communication
H04R0005040000	Circuit arrangements (stereophonic systems H04S)
H04R0007000000	Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
H04R0007020000	characterised by the construction
H04R0007040000	Plane diaphragms
H04R0007060000	comprising a plurality of sections or layers
H04R0007080000	comprising superposed layers separated by air or other fluid
H04R0007100000	comprising superposed layers in contact
H04R0007120000	Non-planar diaphragms or cones
H04R0007140000	corrugated, pleated, or ribbed
H04R0007160000	Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
H04R0007180000	at the periphery
H04R0007200000	Securing diaphragm or cone resiliently to support by flexible material, springs, cords, or strands
H04R0007220000	Clamping rim of diaphragm or cone against seating
H04R0007240000	Tensioning by means acting directly on free portion of diaphragm or cone
H04R0007260000	Damping by means acting directly on free portion of diaphragm or cone
H04R0009000000	Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
H04R0009020000	Details
H04R0009040000	Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
H04R0009060000	Loudspeakers
H04R0009080000	Microphones
H04R0009100000	Telephone receivers
H04R0009120000	Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
H04R0009140000	comprising two or more styli or transducers (H04R0009160000 takes precedence)
H04R0009160000	signals being recorded or played-back by vibration of a stylus in two orthogonal directions simultaneously
H04R0009180000	Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
H04R0011000000	Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
H04R0011020000	Loudspeakers
H04R0011040000	Microphones
H04R0011060000	Telephone receivers
H04R0011080000	Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
H04R0011100000	comprising two or more styli or transducers (H04R0011120000 takes precedence)
H04R0011120000	signals being recorded or played-back by vibration of a stylus in two orthogonal directions simultaneously
H04R0011140000	Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
H04R0013000000	Transducers having an acoustic diaphragm of magnetisable material directly co-acting with electromagnet
H04R0013020000	Telephone receivers
H04R0015000000	Magnetostrictive transducers
H04R0015020000	Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
H04R0017000000	Piezo-electric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
H04R0017020000	Microphones
H04R0017040000	Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
H04R0017060000	comprising two or more styli or transducers (H04R0017080000 takes precedence)
H04R0017080000	signals being recorded or played-back by vibration of a stylus in two orthogonal directions simultaneously
H04R0017100000	Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
H04R0019000000	Electrostatic transducers
H04R0019010000	characterised by the use of electrets
H04R0019020000	Loudspeakers (H04R0019010000 takes precedence)
H04R0019040000	Microphones (H04R0019010000 takes precedence)
H04R0019060000	Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus (H04R0019010000 takes precedence)
H04R0019080000	comprising two or more styli or transducers (H04R0019100000 takes precedence)
H04R0019100000	signals being recorded or played-back by vibration of a stylus in two orthogonal directions simultaneously
H04R0021000000	Variable-resistance transducers (gaseous-resistance transducers H04R0023000000;magneto-resistive transducers H04R0023000000)
H04R0021020000	Microphones
H04R0021040000	Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
H04R0023000000	Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R0009000000-H04R0021000000
H04R0023020000	Transducers using more than one principle simultaneously
H04R0025000000	Deaf-aid sets
H04R0025020000	adapted to be supported entirely by ear
H04R0025040000	comprising pocket amplifiers
H04R0027000000	Public address systems (circuits for preventing acoustic reaction H04R0003020000)
H04R0027020000	Amplifying systems for the deaf
H04R0027040000	Electric megaphones
H04R0029000000	Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
H04R0031000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
H04S	STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
H04S0001000000	Two-channel systems (H04S0005000000, H04S0007000000 take precedence)
H04S0003000000	Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic (H04S0005000000, H04S0007000000 take precedence)
H04S0003020000	of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
H04S0005000000	Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation
H04S0005020000	of the pseudo four-channel type, e.g. in which rear channel signals are derived from two-channel stereo signals
H04S0007000000	Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
H04W	WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
H04W0004000000	Services or facilities specially adapted for wireless communication networks
H04W0004020000	Services making use of the location of users or terminals
H04W0004040000	in a dedicated environment, e.g. buildings or vehicles
H04W0004060000	Selective distribution of broadcast; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
H04W0004080000	User group management
H04W0004100000	Push-to-Talk or Push-on-Call services
H04W0004120000	Messaging, e.g. SMS [Short Messaging Service]; Mailboxes; Announcements, e.g. informing users on the status or progress of a communication request
H04W0004140000	Short messaging services, e.g. SMS or USSD [Unstructured Supplementary Service Data]
H04W0004160000	Communication-related supplementary services, e.g. call-transfer or call-hold
H04W0004180000	Information format or content conversion, e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals
H04W0004200000	Auxiliary data signalling, i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel
H04W0004220000	Emergency connection handling
H04W0004240000	Accounting or billing
H04W0004260000	Usage measurement
H04W0008000000	Network data management
H04W0008020000	Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
H04W0008040000	Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
H04W0008060000	Registration at serving network Location Register, VLR or user mobility server
H04W0008080000	Mobility data transfer
H04W0008100000	between location register and external networks
H04W0008120000	between location registers or mobility servers
H04W0008140000	between corresponding nodes
H04W0008160000	selectively restricting mobility tracking
H04W0008180000	Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
H04W0008200000	Transfer of user or subscriber data
H04W0008220000	Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
H04W0008240000	Transfer of terminal data
H04W0008260000	Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
H04W0008280000	Number portability
H04W0008300000	Network data restoration
H04W0012000000	Security arrangements, e.g. access security or fraud detection; Authentication, e.g. verifying user identity or authorisation; Protecting privacy or anonymity
H04W0012020000	Protecting privacy or anonymity
H04W0012040000	Key management
H04W0012060000	Authentication
H04W0012080000	Access security
H04W0012100000	Integrity
H04W0012120000	Fraud detection
H04W0016000000	Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cell structures
H04W0016020000	Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
H04W0016040000	Traffic adaptive resource partitioning
H04W0016060000	Hybrid resource partitioning, e.g. channel borrowing
H04W0016080000	Load shedding arrangements
H04W0016100000	Dynamic resource partitioning
H04W0016120000	Fixed resource partitioning
H04W0016140000	Spectrum sharing arrangements
H04W0016160000	for PBS [Private Base Station] arrangements
H04W0016180000	Network planning tools
H04W0016200000	for indoor coverage or short range network deployment
H04W0016220000	Traffic simulation tools or models
H04W0016240000	Cell structures
H04W0016260000	Cell enhancers, e.g. for tunnels or building shadow
H04W0016280000	using beam steering
H04W0016300000	Special cell shapes, e.g. doughnuts or ring cells
H04W0016320000	Hierarchical cell structures
H04W0024000000	Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
H04W0024020000	Arrangements for optimising operational condition
H04W0024040000	Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
H04W0024060000	Testing using simulated traffic
H04W0024080000	Testing using real traffic
H04W0024100000	Scheduling measurement reports
H04W0028000000	Network traffic or resource management
H04W0028020000	Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
H04W0028040000	Error control
H04W0028060000	Optimising, e.g. header compression, information sizing
H04W0028080000	Load balancing or load distribution
H04W0028100000	Flow control
H04W0028120000	using signalling between network elements
H04W0028140000	using intermediate storage
H04W0028160000	Central resource management; Negotiation of resources, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
H04W0028180000	Negotiating wireless communication parameters
H04W0028200000	Negotiating bandwidth
H04W0028220000	Negotiating communication rate
H04W0028240000	Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
H04W0028260000	Resource reservation
H04W0036000000	Handoff or reselecting arrangements
H04W0036020000	Buffering or recovering information during reselection
H04W0036040000	Reselecting a cell layer in multi-layered cells
H04W0036060000	Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point
H04W0036080000	Reselecting an access point
H04W0036100000	Reselecting an access point controller
H04W0036120000	Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node
H04W0036140000	Reselecting a network or an air interface
H04W0036160000	Performing reselection for specific purposes
H04W0036180000	for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
H04W0036200000	for optimising the interference level
H04W0036220000	for handling the traffic
H04W0036240000	Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
H04W0036260000	by agreed or negotiated communication parameters
H04W0036280000	involving a plurality of connections, e.g. multi-call or multi-bearer connections
H04W0036300000	by measured or perceived connection quality data
H04W0036320000	by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
H04W0036340000	Reselection control
H04W0036360000	by user or terminal equipment
H04W0036380000	by fixed network equipment
H04W0040000000	Communication routing or communication path finding
H04W0040020000	Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
H04W0040040000	based on wireless node resources
H04W0040060000	based on characteristics of available antennas
H04W0040080000	based on transmission power
H04W0040100000	based on available power or energy
H04W0040120000	based on transmission quality or channel quality
H04W0040140000	based on stability
H04W0040160000	based on interference
H04W0040180000	based on predicted events
H04W0040200000	based on geographic position or location
H04W0040220000	using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
H04W0040240000	Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
H04W0040260000	for hybrid routing by combining proactive and reactive routing
H04W0040280000	for reactive routing
H04W0040300000	for proactive routing
H04W0040320000	for defining a routing cluster membership
H04W0040340000	Modification of an existing route
H04W0040360000	due to handover
H04W0040380000	adapting due to varying relative distances between nodes
H04W0048000000	Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
H04W0048020000	Access restriction performed under specific conditions
H04W0048040000	based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction or speed
H04W0048060000	based on traffic conditions
H04W0048080000	Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
H04W0048100000	using broadcasted information
H04W0048120000	using downlink control channel
H04W0048140000	using user query
H04W0048160000	Discovering; Processing access restriction or access information
H04W0048180000	Selecting a network or a communication service
H04W0048200000	Selecting an access point
H04W0052000000	Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
H04W0052020000	Power saving arrangements
H04W0052040000	TPC [Transmission power control]
H04W0052060000	TPC algorithms
H04W0052080000	Closed loop power control
H04W0052100000	Open loop power control
H04W0052120000	Outer and inner loops
H04W0052140000	Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W0052160000	Deriving transmission power values from another channel
H04W0052180000	TPC being performed according to specific parameters
H04W0052200000	using error rate
H04W0052220000	taking into account previous information or commands
H04W0052240000	using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
H04W0052260000	using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
H04W0052280000	using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
H04W0052300000	using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
H04W0052320000	TPC of broadcast or control channels
H04W0052340000	TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
H04W0052360000	with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
H04W0052380000	TPC being performed in particular situations
H04W0052400000	during macro-diversity or soft handoff
H04W0052420000	in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
H04W0052440000	in connection with interruption of transmission
H04W0052460000	in multi-hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks
H04W0052480000	during retransmission after error or non-acknowledgment
H04W0052500000	at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment
H04W0052520000	using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers
H04W0052540000	Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
H04W0052560000	Detection of errors of TPC bits
H04W0052580000	Format of the TPC bits
H04W0052600000	using different transmission rates for TPC commands
H04W0056000000	Synchronisation arrangements
H04W0060000000	Registration, e.g. affiliation to network; De-registration, e.g. terminating affiliation
H04W0060020000	by periodical registration
H04W0060040000	using triggered events
H04W0060060000	De-registration or detaching
H04W0064000000	Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
H04W0068000000	Notification of users, e.g. alerting for incoming communication or change of service
H04W0068020000	Arrangements for increasing efficiency of notification or paging channel
H04W0068040000	multi-step notification using statistical or historical mobility data
H04W0068060000	using multi-step notification by changing the notification area
H04W0068080000	using multi-step notification by increasing the notification area
H04W0068100000	using simulcast notification
H04W0068120000	Inter-network notification
H04W0072000000	Local resource management, e.g. selection or allocation of wireless resources or wireless traffic scheduling
H04W0072020000	Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
H04W0072040000	Wireless resource allocation
H04W0072060000	based on ranking criteria of the wireless resources
H04W0072080000	based on quality criteria
H04W0072100000	based on priority criteria
H04W0072120000	Wireless traffic scheduling
H04W0072140000	using a grant channel
H04W0074000000	Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
H04W0074020000	Hybrid access techniques
H04W0074040000	Scheduled access
H04W0074060000	using polling
H04W0074080000	Non-scheduled access, e.g. random access, ALOHA or CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
H04W0076000000	Connection management, e.g. connection set-up, manipulation or release
H04W0076020000	Connection set-up
H04W0076040000	Connection manipulation
H04W0076060000	Connection release
H04W0080000000	Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation, e.g. WAP [Wireless Application Protocol]
H04W0080020000	Data link layer protocols
H04W0080040000	Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
H04W0080060000	Transport layer protocols, e.g. TCP [Transport Control Protocol] over wireless
H04W0080080000	Upper layer protocols
H04W0080100000	adapted for session management, e.g. SIP [Session Initiation Protocol]
H04W0080120000	Application layer protocols, e.g. WAP
H04W0084000000	Network topologies
H04W0084020000	Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
H04W0084040000	Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
H04W0084060000	Airborne or Satellite Networks
H04W0084080000	Trunked mobile radio systems
H04W0084100000	Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
H04W0084120000	WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
H04W0084140000	WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; RLL [Radio Local Loop]
H04W0084160000	WPBX [Wireless Private Branch Exchange]
H04W0084180000	Self-organising networks, e.g. ad hoc networks or sensor networks
H04W0084200000	Master-slave arrangements
H04W0084220000	with access to wired networks
H04W0088000000	Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
H04W0088020000	Terminal devices
H04W0088040000	adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
H04W0088060000	adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode terminals
H04W0088080000	Access point devices
H04W0088100000	adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
H04W0088120000	Access point controller devices
H04W0088140000	Backbone network devices
H04W0088160000	Gateway arrangements
H04W0088180000	Service support; Network management devices
H04W0092000000	Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
H04W0092020000	Inter-networking arrangements
H04W0092040000	Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
H04W0092060000	between gateways and public network devices
H04W0092080000	between user and terminal device
H04W0092100000	between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
H04W0092120000	between access points and access point controllers
H04W0092140000	between access point controllers and backbone network device
H04W0092160000	Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
H04W0092180000	between terminal devices
H04W0092200000	between access points
H04W0092220000	between access point controllers
H04W0092240000	between backbone network devices
H04W0099000000	Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H05	ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
H05B	ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
H05B0001000000	Heating
H05B0001000000	Details of electric heating devices
H05B0001020000	Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to heating apparatus (thermally-actuated switches H01H0037000000)
H05B0003000000	Ohmic-resistance heating
H05B0003020000	Details
H05B0003030000	Electrodes
H05B0003040000	Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters
H05B0003060000	Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B0003080000	having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures
H05B0003100000	Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor (compositions per se, see the relevant subclasses)
H05B0003120000	characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
H05B0003140000	the material being non-metallic
H05B0003160000	the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
H05B0003180000	the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
H05B0003200000	Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater (H05B0003620000, H05B0003680000, H05B0003780000, H05B0003840000 take precedence)
H05B0003220000	non-flexible
H05B0003240000	heating conductor being self-supporting
H05B0003260000	heating conductor mounted on insulating base
H05B0003280000	heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H05B0003300000	on or between metallic plates
H05B0003320000	heating conductor mounted on insulators on a metallic frame
H05B0003340000	flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
H05B0003360000	heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H05B0003380000	Powder conductors
H05B0003400000	Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes (H05B0003620000, H05B0003680000, H05B0003780000 take precedence)
H05B0003420000	non-flexible
H05B0003440000	heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
H05B0003460000	heating conductor mounted on insulating base
H05B0003480000	heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H05B0003500000	heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
H05B0003520000	Apparatus or processes for filling or compressing insulating material in tubes
H05B0003540000	flexible
H05B0003560000	Heating cables
H05B0003580000	Heating hoses; Heating collars
H05B0003600000	Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular, powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating (H05B0003380000 takes precedence)
H05B0003620000	Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces (H05B0003600000 takes precedence;arrangements of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces using ohmic resistance heating F27D0011020000)
H05B0003640000	using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
H05B0003660000	Supports or mountings for heaters on or in the wall or roof
H05B0003680000	Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
H05B0003700000	Plates of cast metal
H05B0003720000	Plates of sheet metal
H05B0003740000	Non-metallic plates
H05B0003760000	Plates with spirally-wound heating tubes
H05B0003780000	Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
H05B0003800000	Portable immersion heaters
H05B0003820000	Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
H05B0003840000	Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
H05B0003860000	the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
H05B0006000000	Heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields (radiation therapy using microwaves A61N0005020000)
H05B0006020000	Induction heating
H05B0006040000	Sources of current
H05B0006060000	Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
H05B0006080000	using compensating or balancing arrangements
H05B0006100000	Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
H05B0006120000	Cooking devices
H05B0006140000	Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders
H05B0006160000	Furnaces having endless cores (H05B0006340000 takes precedence)
H05B0006180000	having melting basin
H05B0006200000	having melting channel only
H05B0006220000	Furnaces without an endless core (H05B0006340000 takes precedence)
H05B0006240000	Crucible furnaces (H05B0006300000 takes precedence)
H05B0006260000	using vacuum or particular gas atmosphere
H05B0006280000	Protective systems
H05B0006300000	Arrangements for remelting or zone melting
H05B0006320000	Arrangements for simultaneous levitation and heating
H05B0006340000	Arrangements for circulation of melts
H05B0006360000	Coil arrangements
H05B0006380000	specially adapted for fitting into hollow spaces of workpieces
H05B0006400000	Establishing desired heat distribution, e.g. to heat particular parts of workpieces
H05B0006420000	Cooling of coils
H05B0006440000	having more than one coil or coil segment
H05B0006460000	Dielectric heating (H05B0006640000 take precedence)
H05B0006480000	Circuits
H05B0006500000	for monitoring or control
H05B0006520000	Feed lines
H05B0006540000	Electrodes
H05B0006560000	Rolling electrodes
H05B0006580000	"sewing machine" type
H05B0006600000	Arrangements for continuous movement of material
H05B0006620000	Apparatus for specific applications
H05B0006640000	Heating using microwaves
H05B0006660000	Circuits
H05B0006680000	for monitoring or control
H05B0006700000	Feed lines
H05B0006720000	Radiators or aerials
H05B0006740000	Mode transformers or mode stirrers
H05B0006760000	Prevention of microwave leakage, e.g. door sealings
H05B0006780000	Arrangements for continuous movement of material
H05B0006800000	Apparatus for specific applications (stoves or ranges heated using microwaves F24C0007020000)
H05B0007000000	Heating by electric discharge (plasma torches H05H0001260000)
H05B0007020000	Details
H05B0007060000	Electrodes
H05B0007070000	designed to melt in use
H05B0007080000	non-consumable
H05B0007085000	mainly consisting of carbon
H05B0007090000	Self-baking electrodes
H05B0007100000	Mountings, supports, terminals, or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
H05B0007101000	Mountings, supports, or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc
H05B0007102000	specially adapted for consumable electrodes
H05B0007103000	Mountings, supports, or terminals with jaws (H05B0007101000 takes precedence)
H05B0007105000	comprising more than two jaws equally spaced along circumference, e.g. ring holders
H05B0007107000	specially adapted for self-baking electrodes
H05B0007109000	Feeding arrangements (H05B0007107000 takes precedence;where the electrode movement is a part of a closed loop for automatic control of power H05B0007148000)
H05B0007110000	Arrangements for conducting current to the electrode terminals
H05B0007120000	Arrangements for cooling, sealing, or protecting electrodes
H05B0007140000	Arrangements or methods for connecting successive electrode sections
H05B0007144000	Power supplies specially adapted for heating by electric discharge; Automatic control of power, e.g. by positioning of electrodes
H05B0007148000	Automatic control of power (electrode feeding arrangements H05B0007109000;automatic feeding or moving of electrodes for spot or seam welding or cutting B23K0009120000;disposition of electrodes in or on furnaces F27D0011100000;regulating electric characteristics of arcs G05F0001020000)
H05B0007152000	by electromechanical means for positioning of electrodes
H05B0007156000	by hydraulic or pneumatic means for positioning of electrodes
H05B0007160000	Heating by glow discharge
H05B0007180000	Heating by arc discharge
H05B0007200000	Direct heating by arc discharge, i.e. where at least one end of the arc directly acts on the material to be heated, including additional resistance heating by arc current flowing through the material to be heated
H05B0007220000	Indirect heating by arc discharge
H05B0011000000	Heating by combined application of processes covered by two or more of groups H05B0003000000-H05B0007000000 (H05B0007200000 takes precedence)
H05B0031000000	Lighting
H05B0031000000	Electric arc lamps (regulating electric characteristics of arcs G05F0001020000)
H05B0031020000	Details
H05B0031040000	Housings
H05B0031060000	Electrodes
H05B0031080000	Carbon electrodes
H05B0031100000	Cored carbon electrodes
H05B0031120000	Beck-effect electrodes
H05B0031140000	Metal electrodes
H05B0031160000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing electrodes
H05B0031180000	Mountings for electrodes; Electrode feeding devices
H05B0031200000	Mechanical arrangements for feeding electrodes
H05B0031220000	Electromagnetic arrangements for feeding electrodes
H05B0031240000	Cooling arrangements
H05B0031260000	Influencing the shape of arc discharge by gas blowing devices
H05B0031280000	Influencing the shape of arc discharge by magnetic means
H05B0031300000	Starting; Igniting
H05B0031320000	Switching-off
H05B0031340000	Indicating consumption of electrodes
H05B0031360000	having two electrodes in line
H05B0031380000	specially adapted for ac
H05B0031400000	having two electrodes at an angle
H05B0031420000	specially adapted for ac
H05B0031440000	having two parallel electrodes
H05B0031460000	specially adapted for ac
H05B0031480000	having more than two electrodes
H05B0031500000	specially adapted for ac
H05B0031520000	electrodes energised from different phases of the supply
H05B0033000000	Electroluminescent light sources
H05B0033020000	Details
H05B0033040000	Sealing arrangements
H05B0033060000	Electrode terminals
H05B0033080000	Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application
H05B0033100000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
H05B0033120000	Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
H05B0033140000	characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material
H05B0033180000	characterised by the nature or concentration of the activator
H05B0033200000	characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
H05B0033220000	characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
H05B0033240000	of metallic reflective layers (H05B0033260000 takes precedence)
H05B0033260000	characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
H05B0033280000	of translucent electrodes
H05B0035000000	Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation
H05B0037000000	Circuit arrangements for electric light sources in general
H05B0037020000	Controlling
H05B0037030000	Detecting lamp failure
H05B0037040000	Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure
H05B0039000000	Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources and not adapted to a particular application
H05B0039020000	Switching-on, e.g. with predetermined rate of increase of lighting current
H05B0039040000	Controlling
H05B0039060000	Switching arrangements, e.g. from series operation to parallel operation
H05B0039080000	by shifting phase of trigger voltage applied to gas-filled controlling tubes
H05B0039090000	in which the lamp is fed by pulses
H05B0039100000	Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure
H05B0041000000	Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
H05B0041020000	Details
H05B0041040000	Starting switches
H05B0041060000	thermal only
H05B0041080000	heated by glow discharge
H05B0041100000	magnetic only
H05B0041120000	combined thermal and magnetic
H05B0041140000	Circuit arrangements
H05B0041160000	in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac (H05B0041260000 takes precedence)
H05B0041180000	having a starting switch
H05B0041190000	for lamps having an auxiliary starting electrode
H05B0041200000	having no starting switch
H05B0041220000	for lamps having an auxiliary starting electrode
H05B0041230000	for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
H05B0041231000	for high-pressure lamps
H05B0041232000	for low-pressure lamps
H05B0041233000	using resonance circuitry
H05B0041234000	to eliminate stroboscopic effects, e.g. feeding two lamps with different phases
H05B0041240000	in which the lamp is fed by high-frequency ac (H05B0041260000 takes precedence)
H05B0041260000	in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
H05B0041280000	using static converters
H05B0041282000	with semiconductor devices (H05B0041288000, H05B0041295000 take precedence)
H05B0041285000	Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
H05B0041288000	with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
H05B0041292000	Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
H05B0041295000	with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
H05B0041298000	Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
H05B0041300000	in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp
H05B0041320000	for single flash operation
H05B0041340000	to provide a sequence of flashes
H05B0041360000	Controlling
H05B0041380000	Controlling the intensity of light
H05B0041390000	continuously
H05B0041391000	using saturable magnetic devices
H05B0041392000	using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
H05B0041400000	discontinuously
H05B0041420000	in two steps only
H05B0041440000	for providing special optical effects, e.g. progressive motion of light
H05B0041460000	Circuits providing for substitution in case of failure of the lamp
H05B0043000000	Circuit arrangements for light sources, not otherwise provided for (H05B0037000000 takes precedence)
H05B0043020000	for light sources using a charge of combustible material
H05C	ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, ENCLOSING OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS (stationary means for catching or killing insects by electric means A01M0001220000;apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals, other than insects, by electricity A01M0019000000;electric traps for animals A01M0023380000;slaughtering or stunning by electric current A22B0003060000)
H05C0001000000	Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
H05C0001020000	providing continuous feeding of dc or ac voltage
H05C0001040000	providing pulse voltages
H05C0001060000	operating only when touched
H05C0003000000	Other circuits or apparatus
H05F	STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
H05F0001000000	Preventing the formation of electrostatic charges
H05F0001020000	by surface treatment
H05F0003000000	Carrying-off electrostatic charges (from living beings A61N0001140000)
H05F0003020000	by means of earthing connections
H05F0003040000	by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices (devices providing for corona discharge H01T0019000000)
H05F0003060000	by means of ionising radiation
H05F0007000000	Use of naturally-occurring electricity
H05G	X-RAY TECHNIQUE (apparatus for radiation diagnosis A61B0006000000;X-ray therapy A61N;testing by X-rays G01N;apparatus for X-ray photography G03B;filters, conversion screens, microscopes G21K;X-ray tubes H01J0035000000;TV systems having X-ray input H04N0005321000)
H05G0001000000	X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
H05G0001020000	Constructional details
H05G0001040000	Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing
H05G0001060000	X-ray tube and at least part of the power supply apparatus being mounted within the same housing
H05G0001080000	Electrical details
H05G0001100000	Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
H05G0001120000	with dc or rectified single-phase ac
H05G0001140000	with single-phase low-frequency ac
H05G0001160000	Reducing the peak-inverse voltage
H05G0001180000	with polyphase ac of low frequency
H05G0001200000	with high-frequency ac; with pulse trains
H05G0001220000	with single pulses
H05G0001240000	Obtaining pulses by using energy storage devices (pulse generators H03K)
H05G0001260000	Measuring, controlling, protecting (measuring electric values G01R;measuring X-ray intensity G01T)
H05G0001280000	Measuring or recording actual exposure time; Counting number of exposures; Measuring required exposure time
H05G0001300000	Controlling
H05G0001320000	Supply voltage of the X-ray apparatus or tube (regulating supply without reference to operating characteristics of the apparatus G05F)
H05G0001340000	Anode current, heater current, heater voltage of X-ray tube (regulating supply without reference to operating characteristics of the apparatus G05F)
H05G0001360000	Temperature of anode; Brightness of image
H05G0001380000	Exposure time
H05G0001400000	using adjustable time switch
H05G0001420000	using arrangements for switching when a predetermined dose of radiation has been applied, e.g. in which the switching instant is determined by measuring the electrical energy supplied to the tube
H05G0001440000	in which the switching instant is determined by measuring the amount of radiation directly
H05G0001460000	Combined control of different quantities, e.g. exposure time as well as voltage or current
H05G0001480000	Compensating the voltage drop occurring at the instant of switching-on of the apparatus (regulating supply without reference to operating characteristics of the apparatus G05F)
H05G0001500000	Passing the tube current only during a restricted portion of the voltage waveform
H05G0001520000	Target size or shape; Direction of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode
H05G0001540000	Protecting (overload protection combined with control H05G0001460000)
H05G0001560000	Switching-on; Switching-off
H05G0001580000	Switching arrangements for changing-over from one mode of operation to another, e.g. from radioscopy to radiography, from radioscopy to irradiation
H05G0001600000	Circuit arrangements for obtaining a series of X-ray photographs or for X-ray cinematography
H05G0001610000	for obtaining stereoscopic photographs
H05G0001620000	Circuit arrangements for obtaining X-ray photography at predetermined instants in the movement of an object, e.g. X-ray stroboscopy
H05G0001640000	Circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating electronic image converters, e.g. image intensifiers
H05G0001660000	Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with target movable relatively to the anode
H05G0001680000	Circuit arrangements for Lilienfeld tubes; Circuit arrangements for gas-filled X-ray tubes
H05G0001700000	Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with more than one anode; Circuit arrangements for apparatus comprising more than one X-ray tube
H05G0002000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma (X-ray lasers H01S0004000000;plasma technique in general H05H)
H05H	PLASMA TECHNIQUE (ion-beam tubes H01J0027000000;magnetohydrodynamic generators H02K0044080000;producing X-rays involving plasma generation H05G0002000000); PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY- CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS (obtaining neutrons from radioactive sources G21, e.g. G21B, G21C, G21G); PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS (atomic clocks G04F0005140000;devices using stimulated emission H01S;frequency regulation by comparison with a reference frequency determined by energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles H03L0007260000)
H05H0001000000	Generating plasma; Handling plasma (application of plasma technique in thermonuclear fusion reactors G21B0001000000)
H05H0001020000	Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma (electron optics H01J)
H05H0001030000	using electrostatic fields
H05H0001040000	using magnetic fields substantially generated by the discharge in the plasma
H05H0001060000	Longitudinal pinch devices
H05H0001080000	Theta pinch devices
H05H0001100000	using applied magnetic fields only
H05H0001110000	using cusp configuration (H05H0001140000 takes precedence)
H05H0001120000	wherein the containment vessel forms a closed loop, e.g. stellarator
H05H0001140000	wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
H05H0001160000	using applied electric and magnetic fields
H05H0001180000	wherein the fields oscillate at a very high frequency, e.g. in the microwave range
H05H0001200000	Ohmic heating
H05H0001220000	for injection heating
H05H0001240000	Generating plasma
H05H0001260000	Plasma torches
H05H0001280000	Cooling arrangements
H05H0001300000	using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high-frequency or microwave energy (H05H0001280000 takes precedence)
H05H0001320000	using an arc (H05H0001280000 takes precedence)
H05H0001340000	Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
H05H0001360000	Circuit arrangements (H05H0001380000, H05H0001400000 take precedence)
H05H0001380000	Guiding or centering of electrodes
H05H0001400000	using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
H05H0001420000	with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid (electrostatic spraying, spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically B05B0005000000)
H05H0001440000	using more than one torch
H05H0001460000	using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy (H05H0001260000 takes precedence)
H05H0001480000	using an arc (H05H0001260000 takes precedence)
H05H0001500000	and using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
H05H0001520000	using exploding wires or spark gaps (H05H0001260000 takes precedence;spark gaps in general H01T)
H05H0001540000	Plasma accelerators
H05H0003000000	Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
H05H0003020000	Molecular or atomic-beam generation, e.g. resonant beam generation (gas masers H01S0001060000)
H05H0003040000	Acceleration by electromagnetic wave pressure
H05H0003060000	Generating neutron beams (targets for producing nuclear reactions H05H0006000000;neutron sources G21G0004020000)
H05H0005000000	Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses (H05H0003060000 takes precedence)
H05H0005020000	Details (targets for producing nuclear reactions H05H0006000000)
H05H0005030000	Accelerating tubes (vessels or containers of electric discharge tubes with improved potential distribution over surface of vessel H01J0005060000;shields of X-ray tubes associated with vessels or containers H01J0035160000)
H05H0005040000	energised by electrostatic generators, e.g. by van de Graaff generator
H05H0005060000	Tandem accelerators; Multi-stage accelerators
H05H0005080000	Particle accelerators using step-up transformers, e.g. resonance transformers
H05H0006000000	Targets for producing nuclear reactions (supports for targets or objects to be irradiated G21K0005080000)
H05H0007000000	Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H0009000000-H05H0013000000 (targets for producing nuclear reactions H05H0006000000)
H05H0007020000	Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy (radio-frequency generators H03B)
H05H0007040000	Magnet systems; Energisation thereof
H05H0007060000	Two-beam arrangements; Multi-beam arrangements
H05H0007080000	Arrangements for injecting particles into orbits
H05H0007100000	Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
H05H0007120000	Arrangements for varying final energy of beam
H05H0007140000	Vacuum chambers (H05H0005030000 takes precedence)
H05H0007160000	of the waveguide type
H05H0007180000	Cavities; Resonators
H05H0007200000	with superconductive walls
H05H0007220000	Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes (H05H0007020000-H05H0007200000 take precedence)
H05H0009000000	Linear accelerators (H05H0011000000 takes precedence)
H05H0009020000	Travelling-wave linear accelerators
H05H0009040000	Standing-wave linear accelerators
H05H0011000000	Magnetic induction accelerators, e.g. betatrons
H05H0011020000	Air-cored betatrons
H05H0011040000	Biased betatrons
H05H0013000000	Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
H05H0013020000	Synchrocyclotrons, i.e. frequency-modulated cyclotrons
H05H0013040000	Synchrotrons
H05H0013060000	Air-cored magnetic resonance accelerators
H05H0013080000	Alternating-gradient magnetic resonance accelerators
H05H0013100000	Accelerators comprising one or more linear accelerating sections and bending magnets or the like to return the charged particles in a trajectory parallel to the first accelerating section, e.g. microtrons
H05H0015000000	Methods or devices for acceleration of charged particles not otherwise provided for
H05K	PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS (details of instruments or comparable details of other apparatus not otherwise provided for G12B;thin-film or thick-film circuits H01L0027010000, H01L0027130000;non-printed means for electric connections to or between printed circuits H01R;casings for, or constructional details of, particular types of apparatus, see the relevant subclasses;processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. heating, spraying, for which provision exists elsewhere, see the relevant classes)
H05K0001000000	Printed circuits (assemblies of a plurality of individual semiconductor or solid state devices H01L0025000000;devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate, e.g. integrated circuits, thin-film or thick-film circuits, H01L0027000000)
H05K0001020000	Details
H05K0001030000	Use of materials for the substrate
H05K0001050000	Insulated metal substrate
H05K0001090000	Use of materials for the metallic pattern
H05K0001110000	Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
H05K0001140000	Structural association of two or more printed circuits (providing electric connection to or between printed circuits H05K0001110000, H01R0012000000)
H05K0001160000	incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
H05K0001180000	Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components (H05K0001160000 takes precedence)
H05K0003000000	Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits (photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, materials or originals therefor, apparatus specially adapted therefor, in general G03F;involving the manufacture of semiconductor devices H01L)
H05K0003020000	in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
H05K0003040000	the conductive material being removed mechanically, e.g. by punching
H05K0003060000	the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
H05K0003070000	being removed electrolytically
H05K0003080000	the conductive material being removed by electric discharge, e.g. by spark erosion
H05K0003100000	in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
H05K0003120000	using printing techniques to apply the conductive material
H05K0003140000	using spraying techniques to apply the conductive material
H05K0003160000	by cathodic sputtering
H05K0003180000	using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material
H05K0003200000	by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern
H05K0003220000	Secondary treatment of printed circuits
H05K0003240000	Reinforcing of the conductive pattern
H05K0003260000	Cleaning or polishing of the conductive pattern
H05K0003280000	Applying non-metallic protective coatings
H05K0003300000	Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
H05K0003320000	electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
H05K0003340000	by soldering
H05K0003360000	Assembling printed circuits with other printed circuits
H05K0003380000	Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
H05K0003400000	Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
H05K0003420000	Plated through-holes
H05K0003440000	Manufacturing insulated metal core circuits
H05K0003460000	Manufacturing multi-layer circuits
H05K0005000000	Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus (in general A47B;radio receiver cabinets H04B0001080000;television receiver cabinets H04N0005640000)
H05K0005020000	Details
H05K0005030000	Covers
H05K0005040000	Metal casings
H05K0005060000	Hermetically-sealed casings
H05K0007000000	Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus (casings, cabinets, drawers H05K0005000000)
H05K0007020000	Arrangements of circuit components or wiring on supporting structure
H05K0007040000	on conductive chassis
H05K0007060000	on insulating boards
H05K0007080000	on perforated boards
H05K0007100000	Plug-in assemblages of components
H05K0007120000	Resilient or clamping means for holding component to structure (holding two-part couplings together H01R0013000000)
H05K0007140000	Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
H05K0007160000	on hinges or pivots
H05K0007180000	Construction of rack or frame
H05K0007200000	Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
H05K0009000000	Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields (devices for absorbing radiation from an aerial H01Q0017000000)
H05K0010000000	Arrangements for improving the operating reliability of electronic equipment, e.g. by providing a similar stand-by unit
H05K0011000000	Combinations of a radio or television receiver with apparatus having a different main function
H05K0011020000	with vehicles
H05K0013000000	Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
H05K0013020000	Feeding of components (in general B65G)
H05K0013040000	Mounting of components
H05K0013060000	Wiring by machine
H05K0013080000	Monitoring manufacture of assemblages
H99	SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION
H99Z	SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION
H99Z0099000000	Subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section