IPC Definitions - January 01, 2012
C08K - Definition
This subclass covers:
Use of inorganic ingredients, e.g. elements, metal compounds or glass, as additives in compositions of macromolecular compounds.
Use of non-macromolecular organic ingredients, e.g. hydrocarbons, heteroatom-containing compounds or organo-metallic compounds, as additives in compositions of macromolecular compounds.
Use of ingredients characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, spheres or particles, as additives in compositions of macromolecular compounds.
Use of pretreated, agglomerated, encapsulated or adsorbed ingredients as additives in compositions of macromolecular compounds.
Use of ingredients of unknown constitution, e.g. undefined reaction products, as additives in compositions of macromolecular compounds.
Use of mixtures of ingredients, e.g. mixtures of organic and inorganic ingredients, as additives in compositions of macromolecular compounds.
Note
All additives characterised by their special use or function (e.g. fillers, reinforcing agents, pigments, stabilisers against light or heat, antioxidants, blowing agents, antibacterial agents, plasticisers, crosslinking agents, flame retardants, lubricants, etc.) are classified in this subclass according to their chemical constitution or structure (e.g. "Silicon-containing inorganic compounds", "Phenols containing keto groups", "Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR' ") irrespective of their special use or function.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
This subclass does not cover chemical elements or compounds or their preparation as such, which subject matter is covered by classes C01 (inorganic chemistry), C03 (glass; mineral or slag wool), C04 (artificial stone and ceramics, etc.), C07 (organic chemistry), C09 (dyes, pigments, coatings, paints, polishing compositions, adhesives, etc.), B22C21, C22C23 (metals and alloys, etc.) and C25 (electrochemical preparation of elements and compounds; etc.).
The compositions of polymers, resins or rubbers in which the ingredients (additives) are used are classified in C08L.
The use of macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients is classified in C08L.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides | A01N |
Pharmaceutical, medical, medicinal, dental, therapeutical or cosmetic compositions | A61K, A61L |
B32B | |
Compositions of cements, mortars, concrete or ceramics | C04B |
Explosive or thermic compositions | C06B |
Use of reinforcing fibrous material in the manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances | C08J 5/04-C08J 5/10 |
Organic dyes and pigments; Mordants; Lakes | C09B |
Treatment of inorganic materials to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties | C09C |
Paints based on inorganic substances, with or without organic additives | C09D 1/00-C09D 1/12 |
Anti-corrosive paints containing metal dust | C09D 5/10 |
Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides, pesticides | C09D 5/14 |
Magnetisable or magnetic paints or lacquers | C09D 5/23 |
Electrically-conductive paints | C09D 5/24 |
Paints containing free metal | C09D 5/38 |
Use of compounds as anti-settling agents in coating compositions | C09D 7/02 |
Use of compounds as anti-skinning agents in coating | C09D 7/04 |
Use of compounds as levelling agents in coating compositions | C09D 7/06 |
Other additives in coating compositions | C09D 7/12 |
Chemical paint or ink removers with abrasives | C09D 9/02 |
Chemical paint or ink removers with surface-active agents | C09D 9/04 |
Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints | C09D 17/00 |
Polishing compositions | C09F, C09G |
Electrically-conductive adhesives | C09J 9/02 |
Non-macromolecular additives in adhesives | C09J 11/02 |
Inorganic additives in adhesives | C09J 11/04 |
Organic additives in adhesives | C09J 11/06 |
Macromolecular additives in adhesives | C09J 11/08 |
Compositions for sealing or packing joints or covers | C09K 3/10 |
Compositions for stopping leaks | C09K 3/12 |
Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells | C09K 8/00 |
Soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials | C09K 17/00 |
Lubricating compositions | C10M |
Detergent compositions | C11D |
Artificial filaments or fibres | D01F |
Textile treating compositions | D06M, D06N |
Conductors or insulators | H01B |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making microcapsules or microballoons | B01J 13/02 |
Making fibre-reinforced granules | B29B 9/14 |
Pretreatment of reinforcements or fillers | B29B 15/08 |
Releasing, lubricating or separating agents | B29C 33/56 |
Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements or fillers | B29C 70/00 |
Tyres characterised by the chemical composition | B60C 1/00 |
Stabilisation of cellulose esters of organic acids | C08B 3/30 |
Stabilisation of cellulose esters of inorganic acids | C08B 5/08 |
Preservation of rubber latex | C08C 1/06 |
Chemical modification of rubber | C08C 19/00 |
Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers | C08F 2/44 |
Processes of plasticising macromolecular compounds | C08J 3/18 |
Processes of compounding polymers with additives, in general | C08J 3/20 |
Processes of crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules | C08J 3/24 |
Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change | C09K 15/00 |
Fireproofing of macromolecular materials | C09K 21/14 |
Special rules of classification
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an ingredient is classified in the last appropriate place.
In this subclass:
a mixture of ingredients is classified in the most indented group covering all the essential ingredients of the mixture, e.g.:
a mixture of a monohydroxylic and a polyhydroxylic alcohol C08K 5/05;
a mixture of two polyhydroxylic alcohols C08K 5/053;
a mixture of an alcohol and an ether C08K 5/04;
a mixture of an ether and an amine C08K 5/00;
a mixture of an amine and a metal C08K 13/02;
ammonium salts are classified in the same way as metal salts.
In this subclass, any ingredient of a mixture which is not identified by the classification according to the second rule above, and the use of which is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in this subclass according to the first rule above. The ingredient can be either a single compound or a composition in itself.
Any ingredient of a mixture which is not identified by the classification according to the second or third rule above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in this subclass according to the first rule above. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of mixtures using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Acyclic | The absence of a ring structure. |
Carbocyclic | The presence of a ring or ring system where all ring members are carbons. |
Condensed | The presence of two rings that share at least one ring member. |
Heterocyclic | The presence of a ring or ring system wherein at least one ring member is not a carbon atom. |
Inorganic compound | Compound devoid of a carbon atom and containing a non-metallic element, or a compound containing a carbon atom, and satisfying one of the following criteria: the compound cannot have a carbon atom having direct bonding to another carbon atom, or the compound cannot have direct bonding between a carbon atom and a halogen or hydrogen atom, or the compound cannot have direct bonding between a carbon and a nitrogen atom by a single or double bond. The following are exceptions to the above and are to be considered as inorganic compounds: compounds consisting of only carbon atoms (e.g. fullerenes), cyanogen, cyanogen halides, cyanamide, metal carbides, phosgene, thiophosgene, hydrocyanic acid, isocyanic acid, isothiocyanic acid, fulminic acid, unsubstituted carbamic acid, and salts of the previously mentioned acids and which contain the same limitations as to a carbon atom. |
Macromolecular compound | Natural or synthetic (co)polymer or resin or rubber |
Metal | Any element other than hydrogen, carbon, halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine), oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, silicon, boron, noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon). |
Organic compound | Compound satisfying one of the following criteria: at least two carbon atoms bonded to each other, or one carbon atom bonded to at least one hydrogen atom or halogen atom, or one carbon atom bonded to at least one nitrogen atom by a single or double bond. Exceptions to the above criteria are: compounds consisting of only carbon atoms (e.g. fullerenes), cyanogen, cyanogen halides, cyanamide, metal carbides, phosgene, thiophosgene, hydrocyanic acid, isocyanic acid, isothiocyanic acid, fulminic acid, unsubstituted carbamic acid, and salts of the previously mentioned acids; these exceptions are considered to be inorganic compounds for classification purposes. |
Quinone | Compound derived from compounds containing a six-membered aromatic ring or a system comprising six-membered aromatic rings (which system may be condensed or not condensed) by replacing two or four >CH groups of the six-membered aromatic rings by >C=O groups, and by removing one or two carbon-to-carbon double bonds, respectively, and rearranging the remaining carbon-to-carbon double bonds to give a ring or ring system with alternating double bonds, including the carbon-to-oxygen bonds; this means that acenaphthenequinone or camphorquinone are not considered as quinones. |
Phr | Parts per hundred parts of rubber |
In patent documents the words "compounding ingredient" and "additive" are often used as synonyms.