IPC Definitions - January 01, 2012

C10B - Definition fr

Definition statement

This subclass covers:

Retorts or coke ovens and details thereof, such as heating of coke ovens, doors or closures therefor, devices for charging or discharging coke ovens and mechanical treatments of coal charges, cooling or quenching coke, safety devices and other details.

Carbonising or coking processes, including pyrolysis and other methods of destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials, using direct heating (including the partial combustion of the material to be treated) and/or indirect heating (e.g. external combustion).

Destructive distillation specially adapted for particular types of solid raw material or for materials in special form (such as cellulose-containing materials, powdered coal, oil shale or bituminous rocks, synthetic polymeric materials e.g. tyres).

Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar etc. with solid carbonaceous materials.

Relationship between large subject matter areas

The processes and apparatus of this subclass are generally directed to producing products that are gaseous or solid at ambient temperatures. Exceptions to this statement are shown below.

References relevant to classification in this subclass

This subclass does not cover:

Cracking oils

C10G

Underground gasification of minerals

E21B 43/295
Examples of places where the subject matter of this subclass is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Recovery or working-up of waste materials of organic macromolecular compounds or compositions based thereon by dry heat-treatment to obtain partially depolymerised materials

C08J 11/10

Working up tar, pitch, asphalt or bitumen by techniques including distillation and/or heat-treatment; production of pyroligneous acid

C10C

Wet carbonising of peat

C10F 5/06
Places in relation to which this subclass is residual:

Pyrolysis of sludge

C02F 11/10

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from rubber or rubber waste

C10G 1/10

Plant characterized by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids, the engine cycles being thermally coupled, combustion heat from one cycle being used to heat the fluid in another cycle

F01K 23/06

Plant characterized by the engines using gaseous fuel generated in the plant from solid fuel, e.g. wood

F02B 43/08

Gas turbine plant using a separate gas producer for gasifying the solid or pulverulent fuel before combustion

F02C 3/28

Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions with pretreatment by pyrolysis or gasifying stage

F23G 5/027

Glossary of terms

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Destructive distillation

The process of pyrolysis conducted in a distillation apparatus to allow the volatile products to be collected. An example is tar making from pinewood slices (which are rich in terpenes), which are heated in an airless container causing the material to decompose, leaving charcoal and turpentine as by-products.

Coke

A solid, high in carbon content, and structurally in the non-graphitic state, derived from the pyrolysis of organic material (especially low-ash, low-sulphur bituminous coal) which has passed, at least in part, through a liquid or liquid-crystalline state during the carbonization process. The volatile constituents of the coal (including water, coal gas and coal-tar) are driven off by baking in an airless oven at temperatures as high as 2000 degrees C.

Coking

The transformation of coal or heavy oil into coke.

Carbonisation

The conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue through pyrolysis or destructive distillation.

Pyrolysis

The chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam.