In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
"variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05.
Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05).
The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.
This class covers methods, systems, and apparatus for controlling, in general.
In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation;
"regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control;
"automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for "regulation".
Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".
This subclass does not cover features of general applicability to regulating systems, e.g. anti-hunting arrangements, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B.
In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
"systems" includes self-contained devices such as speed governors, pressure regulators.
Control systems specially adapted for particular apparatus, machines or processes are classified in the subclasses for the apparatus, machines or processes, provided that there is specific provision for control or regulation relevant to the special adaptation, either at a detailed level (e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21B 1/00: "for regulating temperature in bakers' ovens") or at a general level (e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23K 9/095: "for automatic control of welding parameters in arc welding"). Otherwise, classification is made in the most appropriate place in this subclass.
The following are lists of places where there is specific provision of the kind referred to above. Where such provision is at a detailed level, the places have been grouped according to the main groups of this subclass. Where the provision is at a general level (e.g. of a kind appropriate to more than one of the main groups specified in the lists, or to main groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 27/00 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05D 29/00), the places are listed under the title "General References".
Control of position, course, altitude, or attitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot (radio navigation systems or analogous systems using other waves Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01S)
G05D 1/02
·
Control of position or course in two dimensions [2]
G05D 1/03
· ·
using near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive-loop type
G05D 1/08
·
Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover (synchronising telegraph receiver and transmitter Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H04L 7/00)
P:170
G05D 15/00
Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical pressure
P:110
G05D 16/00
Control of fluid pressure
G05D 16/04
·
without auxiliary power
G05D 16/20
·
characterised by the use of electric means
P:160
G05D 17/00
Control of torque; Control of mechanical power
P:140
G05D 19/00
Control of mechanical oscillations, e.g. of amplitude, of frequency, of phase
P:80
G05D 21/00
Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. pH-value [3]
with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature
G05D 23/30
· ·
Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature (automatic controllers in general and not restricted to control of temperature Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05B)
P:70
G05D 24/00
Control of viscosity
P:20
G05D 25/00
Control of light, e.g. intensity, colour, phase (mechanically operable parts of lighting devices for the control of light Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F21V; optical devices or arrangements using movable or deformable elements for controlling light independent of the light source Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02B 26/00; devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified by changing the optical properties of the medium of the devices or arrangements for the control of light, circuit arrangements specially adapted therefor, control of light by electro-magnetic waves, electrons or other elementary particles Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G02F 1/00) [4]