In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers :
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 8 groups as represented in the table below. For example, group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F 3/00 "Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System" refers to the elements of columns IIa and IIb. [2009.01]
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES; MORDANTS; LAKES (fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P)
C09B
Note(s)
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
Dyes with an anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
P:380
C09B 3/00
Dyes with anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more carbocyclic rings
P:370
C09B 5/00
Dyes with an anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more heterocyclic rings with or without carbocyclic rings
P:400
C09B 6/00
Anthracene dyes not provided for above [2]
P:360
C09B 7/00
Indigoid dyes
P:350
C09B 9/00
Esters or ester-salts of leuco compounds of vat dyestuffs
P:340
C09B 11/00
Diaryl- or triarylmethane dyes
P:330
C09B 13/00
Oxyketone dyes
C09B 15/00 - C09B 21/00
Acridine, azine, oxazine, or thiazine dyes
P:320
C09B 15/00
Acridine dyes
P:310
C09B 17/00
Azine dyes
P:300
C09B 19/00
Oxazine dyes
P:290
C09B 21/00
Thiazine dyes
C09B 23/00 - C09B 25/00
Quinoline or polymethine dyes
P:280
C09B 23/00
Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
P:270
C09B 25/00
Quinophthalones
P:260
C09B 26/00
Hydrazone dyes; Triazene dyes [3]
C09B 27/00 - C09B 46/00
Azo dyes
C09B 27/00 - C09B 46/00
Note(s)
In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09B 27/00-C09B 46/00, arrows in the formulae of the various types of azo dyes indicate which part of an azo dye, prepared by diazotising and coupling, is derived from the diazo component and which part is derived from the coupling component. The arrow is pointing to the part derived from the coupling component. [4]
P:240
C09B 27/00
Azo dyes in which the azo group is formed in any way other than by diazotising and coupling
P:220
C09B 29/00
Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
C09B 29/06
·
from coupling components containing amino as the only directing group
P:210
C09B 31/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the type A B C, A B C D, or the like, prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:200
C09B 33/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the types A K B, A B K C, or the like, prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:190
C09B 35/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the type A D B prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:180
C09B 37/00
Azo dyes prepared by coupling the diazotised amine with itself
P:230
C09B 39/00
Other azo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:170
C09B 41/00
Special methods of performing the coupling reaction
Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing, properties of dyestuffs without chemical reaction, e.g. by treating with solvents; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
P:0
C09B 69/00
Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass [2]