In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
"variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05.
Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05).
The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.
recording or playback of information by relative movement between a record track and a transducer, the transducer directly producing, or being directly actuated by, modulation in the track being recorded or played-back, and the extent of modulation corresponding to the signal being recorded or played-back;
apparatus and machines for recording or playback, and parts thereof, such as heads;
record carriers for use with such apparatus and machines;
associated working of other apparatus with such apparatus and machines.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relatively to the record carrier; [7]
"head" includes any means for converting sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal electric wave-forms into variations of the physical condition of at least the adjacent surface of the record carrier, or vice versa;
"near-field interaction" means a very short distance interaction using scanning-probe techniques, e.g. quasi- contact or evanescent contact between head and record carrier. [7]
Recording by mechanical cutting, deforming or pressing, e.g. of grooves or pits; Reproducing by mechanical sensing; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/00 takes precedence)
G11B 3/02
·
Arrangements of heads
G11B 3/04
· ·
Multiple, convertible, or alternative transducing arrangements
G11B 3/06
· ·
Determining or indicating position of head
G11B 3/08
· ·
Raising, lowering, traversing otherwise than for transducing, arresting, or holding-up heads against record carriers
Cleaning record carriers or styli, e.g. removing shavings or dust
G11B 3/60
·
Turntables for record carriers
G11B 3/61
· ·
Damping of vibrations of record carriers on turntables [4]
G11B 3/64
·
Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one grooved record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers
G11B 3/66
·
Erasing information, e.g. for reuse of record carrier
G11B 3/68
·
Record carriers
G11B 3/70
· ·
characterised by the selection of material or structure; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers [4]
G11B 3/72
· ·
Groove formations, e.g. run-in groove, run-out groove
G11B 3/74
· · ·
Multiple output tracks, e.g. binaural stereophonic
G11B 3/76
· · ·
forming part of cinematograph films
G11B 3/78
· ·
Multiple-track arrangements
G11B 3/80
· ·
incorporating subsidiary guide means for heads, other than modulated grooves; Part-formed unmodulated grooves for conversion into transducing grooves
G11B 3/90
· ·
with means indicating prior or unauthorised use
P:40
G11B 5/00
Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 11/00 takes precedence) [4]
Structure or manufacture of a head with more than one gap for erasing, recording or reproducing on the same track (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 5/33 takes precedence) [4]
G11B 5/29
· ·
Structure or manufacture of unitary devices formed of plural heads for more than one track [4]
with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following [2]
with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following [4]
G11B 7/095
· · ·
specially adapted for discs, e.g. for compensation of eccentricity or wobble [4]
G11B 7/10
· ·
Interchangeable mountings, e.g. for replacement of head without readjustment
G11B 7/12
·
Heads
G11B 7/125
· ·
Optical beam sources therefor; Modulators, e.g. means for controlling the size or intensity of the optical spot or of the optical trace [4]
G11B 7/13
· ·
Optical detectors therefor [4]
G11B 7/135
· ·
Means for guiding the beam from source to record carrier or from record carrier to detector [4]
Dual-recording arrangements, i.e. in which the information is recorded in two different forms simultaneously on the same or related tracks, e.g. recording instantaneous and mean values (sound-recording combined with cinematography Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03C 5/14)
G11B 7/22
· ·
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of heads, e.g. assembly
G11B 7/24
·
Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form (characterised by the arrangement of information on the carrier Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/007) [4]
G11B 7/241
· ·
characterised by the selection of the material [8]
G11B 7/242
· · ·
of recording layers [8]
G11B 7/243
· · · ·
comprising inorganic material only, e.g. ablative layers [8]
comprising inorganic material dispersed in an organic matrix [8]
G11B 7/252
· · ·
of layers other than recording layers [8]
G11B 7/252
Note(s)
In group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 7/252, multi-aspect classification is applied, so that if subject matter is characterised by aspects covered by more than one of its subgroups, the subject matter should be classified in each of those subgroups. [8]
G11B 7/253
· · · ·
Base layers [8]
G11B 7/254
· · · ·
Protective topcoat layers [8]
G11B 7/256
· · · ·
Layers improving adhesion between layers [8]
G11B 7/257
· · · ·
Layers having properties involved in recording or reproduction, e.g. optical interference layers or sensitising layers [8]
G11B 7/258
· · · ·
Reflective layers [8]
G11B 7/26
· ·
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
G11B 7/28
·
Re-recording, i.e. transcribing information from one optical record carrier on to one or more similar or dissimilar record carriers using optical sensing means
using recording by deforming with non-mechanical means, e.g. laser, beam of particles [4]
G11B 11/05
· ·
with reproducing by capacitive means [4]
G11B 11/06
· ·
with reproducing by mechanical sensing [4]
G11B 11/08
·
using recording by electric charge or by variation of electric resistance or capacitance
G11B 11/10
·
using recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation [4]
G11B 11/105
· ·
using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording and a beam of light for reproducing, e.g. light-induced thermo-magnetic recording, Kerr effect reproducing [7]
G11B 11/11
· ·
using a beam other than a beam of light for recording [7]
G11B 11/115
· ·
using a beam other than a beam of light for reproducing [7]
using recording by mechanical cutting, deforming or pressing
G11B 11/18
· ·
with reproducing by optical means
G11B 11/20
· ·
with reproducing by magnetic means
G11B 11/22
· ·
with reproducing by capacitive means [4]
G11B 11/24
·
using recording by near-field interactions [7]
G11B 11/26
· ·
using microscopic probe means [7]
P:10
G11B 13/00
Recording simultaneously or selectively by methods or means covered by different main groups; Record carriers therefor; Reproducing simultaneously or selectively therefrom [1,7]
G11B 13/00
Note(s)
This group covers arrangements in which there are at least two recordings of information involving two different methods or means or two different physical properties, at the same or different locations, on the same record carrier, the recordings being made or reproduced simultaneously or selectively. [7]
Driving record carriers by members acting directly or indirectly thereon
G11B 15/28
· · ·
through rollers driving by frictional contact with the record carrier, e.g. capstan; Multiple arrangements of capstans or drums coupled to means for controlling the speed of the drive; Multiple capstan systems alternately engageable with record carrier to provide reversal
with single capstan or drum simultaneously driving the record carrier at two separate points of an isolated part thereof, e.g. the capstan acting directly on the tape rollers [4]
G11B 15/30
· · ·
through the means for supporting the record carrier, e.g. mandrel, turntable
G11B 15/32
· · ·
through the reels or cores on to which the record carrier is wound
G11B 15/34
· · ·
through non-slip drive means, e.g. sprocket
G11B 15/38
· ·
Driving record carriers by pneumatic means
G11B 15/40
· ·
Driving record carriers otherwise than by electric motor
G11B 15/42
· · ·
manually
G11B 15/43
· ·
Control or regulation of mechanical tension of record carrier, e.g. tape tension
G11B 15/44
· ·
Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements; Drive-transfer means therefor
G11B 15/46
· ·
Controlling, regulating, or indicating speed
G11B 15/467
· · ·
in arrangements for recording or reproducing wherein both record carriers and heads are driven [4]
G11B 15/473
· · · ·
by controlling the speed of the heads [4]
G11B 15/48
· · ·
Starting; Accelerating; Decelerating; Arrangements preventing malfunction during drive change
G11B 15/50
· · ·
by mechanical linkage, e.g. clutch
G11B 15/52
· · ·
by using signals recorded on, or derived from, record carrier
G11B 15/54
· · ·
by stroboscope; by tachometer
G11B 15/56
·
the record carrier having reserve loop, e.g. to minimise inertia during acceleration
Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function
G11B 19/02
·
Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing [4]
G11B 19/04
· ·
Arrangements for preventing, inhibiting, or warning against, double recording on the same blank, or against other recording or reproducing malfunctions
Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers [4]
G11B 20/14
· ·
using self-clocking codes [4]
G11B 20/16
· ·
using non self-clocking codes, i.e. the clock signals being either recorded in a separate clocking track or in a combination of several information tracks [4]
G11B 20/18
· ·
Error detection or correction; Testing [4]
G11B 20/20
·
for correction of skew for multitrack recording [4]
G11B 20/22
·
for reducing distortions [4]
G11B 20/24
·
for reducing noise [4]
P:110
G11B 21/00
Head arrangements not specific to the method of recording or reproducing
G11B 21/02
·
Driving or moving of heads
G11B 21/03
· ·
for correcting time base error [4]
G11B 21/04
· ·
Automatic feed mechanism producing a transducing traverse of the head in a direction which cuts across the direction of travel of the recording medium, e.g. helical scan
G11B 21/06
· · ·
the record carrier having means to ensure traverse movement of the head
Raising and lowering; Back-spacing or forward-spacing along track; Returning to starting position
G11B 21/14
· · ·
manually
G11B 21/16
·
Supporting the heads; Supporting the sockets for plug-in heads
G11B 21/18
· ·
while the head is moving
G11B 21/20
· ·
while the head is in operative position but stationary or permitting minor movements to follow irregularities in surface of record carrier
G11B 21/21
· · ·
with provision for maintaining desired spacing of head from record carrier, e.g. fluid-dynamic spacing, slider [4]
G11B 21/22
· ·
while the head is out of operative position
G11B 21/24
· ·
Head support adjustments
G11B 21/26
· ·
Means for interchange or replacement of head or head element
P:130
G11B 23/00
Record carriers not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Accessories, e.g. containers, specially adapted for co-operation with the recording or reproducing apparatus [4]
for housing webs or filaments having two distinct ends
G11B 23/087
· · · ·
using two different reels or cores [4]
G11B 23/093
· · · · ·
the reels or cores being coaxial [4]
G11B 23/107
· · · ·
using one reel or core, one end of the record carrier coming out of the magazine or cassette [4]
G11B 23/113
· ·
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of magazines or cassettes [4]
G11B 23/12
· ·
Bins for random storage of webs or filaments
G11B 23/14
·
providing ability to repeat location, e.g. using sprocket holes
G11B 23/16
·
Record carriers with single track for recording at spaced intervals along the track thereof, e.g. for speech or language training
G11B 23/18
·
Record carriers with multiple tracks, e.g. with complementary and partial tracks such as paired "stereo" tracks
G11B 23/20
·
with provision for splicing to provide permanent or temporary connections
G11B 23/22
· ·
of endless belts; of tapes forming Möbius loops
G11B 23/24
· ·
of tapes having multiple tracks parallel to edge of record carrier by offset splicing to form endless loop with one or more helical tracks
G11B 23/26
· ·
of leaders for loading or threading, e.g. to form a temporary connection
G11B 23/28
·
indicating prior or unauthorised use
G11B 23/30
·
with provision for auxiliary signals
G11B 23/32
· ·
Electrical or mechanical contacting means; Tape stop foils
G11B 23/34
· ·
Signal means additional to the main recording track, e.g. photoelectric sensing of sprocket holes for timing
G11B 23/36
· ·
Signals on record carriers or on containers and recorded by the same method as the main recording
G11B 23/38
·
Visual features other than those contained in record tracks or represented by sprocket holes
G11B 23/40
· ·
Identifying or analogous means applied to, or incorporated in, the record carrier and not intended for visual display simultaneously with the playing-back of the record carrier, e.g. label, leader, photograph
G11B 23/42
· ·
Marks for indexing, speed-controlling, synchronising, or timing
G11B 23/44
· ·
Information for display simultaneously with playback of the record, e.g. photographic matter (associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or -reproducing means Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 31/00) [4]
using differential drive of record carrier and head
G11B 27/06
· ·
Cutting and rejoining; Notching, or perforating record carriers otherwise than by recording styli (record carriers with provision for splicing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G11B 23/20)
G11B 27/10
·
Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel [2]
G11B 27/11
· ·
by using information not detectable on the record carrier [4]
G11B 27/13
· · ·
the information being derived from movement of the record carrier, e.g. using tachometer [4]
G11B 27/15
· · · ·
using mechanical sensing means [4]
G11B 27/17
· · · ·
using electrical sensing means [4]
G11B 27/19
· ·
by using information detectable on the record carrier [4]
G11B 27/22
· · ·
Means responsive to presence or absence of recorded information signals
G11B 27/24
· · ·
by sensing features on the record carrier other than the transducing track
G11B 27/26
· · · ·
by photoelectric detection, e.g. of sprocket holes
G11B 27/28
· · ·
by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
G11B 27/30
· · · ·
on the same track as the main recording
G11B 27/32
· · · ·
on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
G11B 27/34
· ·
Indicating arrangements
G11B 27/36
·
Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing
P:0
G11B 31/00
Arrangements for the associated working of recording or reproducing apparatus with related apparatus (with cameras or projectors Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03B 31/00) [1,7]
G11B 31/02
·
with automatic musical instruments
P:150
G11B 33/00
Constructional parts, details or accessories not provided for in the other groups of this subclass [4]
G11B 33/02
·
Cabinets; Cases; Stands; Disposition of apparatus therein or thereon [4]
G11B 33/04
· ·
modified to store record carriers [4]
G11B 33/06
· ·
combined with other apparatus having a different main function [4]
G11B 33/08
· ·
Insulation or absorption of undesired vibrations or sounds [4]
G11B 33/10
·
Indicating arrangements; Warning arrangements [4]
G11B 33/12
·
Disposition of constructional parts in the apparatus, e.g. of power supply, of modules [4]
G11B 33/14
·
Reducing influence of physical parameters, e.g. temperature change, moisture, dust [4]
