In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
"variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05.
Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01, e.g., Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G07C), to give an alarm (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G08B), or to control another apparatus (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G05).
The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.
This class
covers
all sound-emitting devices, in general, whether or not they may be considered as being musical.
In this class, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
"musical instrument" does not exclude devices emitting a single sound signal.
The following Class Index is given in place of subclass indexes, to show the grouping of the elaborations belonging to different subclasses, under the following three fundamental types:
wind instruments;
string instruments;
percussion instruments,
which relate clearly to the majority of instruments.
Pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboards; tools and methods for the manufacture or maintenance thereof
Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers [7]
G10L 13/04
· ·
Details of speech synthesis systems, e.g. synthesiser structure or memory management [7]
G10L 13/06
·
Elementary speech units used in speech synthesisers; Concatenation rules [7]
G10L 13/08
·
Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination [7]
Feature extraction for speech recognition; Selection of recognition unit [7]
G10L 15/04
·
Segmentation or word limit detection [7]
G10L 15/06
·
Creation of reference templates; Training of speech recognition systems, e.g. adaptation to the characteristics of the speaker's voice (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L 15/14 takes precedence) [7]
G10L 15/08
·
Speech classification or search [7]
G10L 15/10
· ·
using distance or distortion measures between unknown speech and reference templates [7]
G10L 15/12
· ·
using dynamic programming techniques, e.g. Dynamic Time Warping [DTW] [7]
Speech recognition techniques specially adapted for robustness in adverse environments, e.g. in noise or of stress induced speech (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L 21/02 takes precedence) [7]
G10L 15/22
·
Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialog [7]
G10L 15/24
·
Speech recognition using non-acoustical features, e.g. position of the lips [7]
Constructional details of speech recognition systems [7]
P:0
G10L 17/00
Speaker identification or verification [7]
P:20
G10L 19/00
Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, e.g. for compression or expansion, source-filter models or psychoacoustic analysis [7]
G10L 19/02
·
using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders [7]
G10L 19/04
·
using predictive techniques [7]
G10L 19/06
· ·
Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short term prediction coefficients [7]
G10L 19/08
· ·
Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters [7]
G10L 19/10
· · ·
Determination or coding of a multipulse excitation [7]
G10L 19/12
· · ·
Determination or coding of a code excitation, e.g. in code excited linear prediction [CELP] vocoders [7]
Processing of the speech signal to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L 19/00 takes precedence) [7]
Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G10L 15/26 takes precedence) [7]
P:60
G10L 23/00
Speech analysis not provided for in other groups of this subclass [2009.01]
