In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers :
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 8 groups as represented in the table below. For example, group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F 3/00 "Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System" refers to the elements of columns IIa and IIb. [2009.01]
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES; MORDANTS; LAKES (fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P)
C09B
Note(s)
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
In groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09B 27/00-C09B 46/00, arrows in the formulae of the various types of azo dyes indicate which part of an azo dye, prepared by diazotising and coupling, is derived from the diazo component and which part is derived from the coupling component. The arrow is pointing to the part derived from the coupling component. [4]
P:240
C09B 27/00
Azo dyes in which the azo group is formed in any way other than by diazotising and coupling
C09B 27/06
·
Tartrazines [3]
P:220
C09B 29/00
Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
C09B 29/01
·
characterised by the diazo component [3]
C09B 29/02
· ·
from diazotised o-amino-hydroxy compounds [3]
C09B 29/03
· ·
from diazotised o-amino carboxylic acids or o-amino-sulfonic acids [3]
C09B 29/033
· ·
from diazotised amines containing a heterocyclic ring [3]
C09B 29/036
· · ·
the heterocyclic ring containing only nitrogen as hetero atoms [3]
C09B 29/039
· · ·
the heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and sulfur as hetero atoms [3]
C09B 29/042
· · · ·
the hetero ring being a thiazole ring [3]
C09B 29/045
· · · · ·
Benzothiazoles [3]
C09B 29/048
· · · ·
the hetero ring being a thiadiazole ring [3]
C09B 29/06
·
from coupling components containing amino as the only directing group
C09B 29/08
· ·
Amino benzenes
C09B 29/085
· · ·
coupled with diazotised anilines [3]
C09B 29/09
· · ·
coupled with diazotised amines containing heterocyclic rings [3]
C09B 29/095
· ·
Amino naphthalenes [3]
C09B 29/10
·
from coupling components containing hydroxy as the only directing group
C09B 29/12
· ·
of the benzene series
C09B 29/14
· · ·
Hydroxy carboxylic acids
C09B 29/15
· ·
of the naphthalene series [3]
C09B 29/16
· · ·
Naphthol-sulfonic acids [3]
C09B 29/18
· ·
ortho-Hydroxy carbonamides
C09B 29/20
· · ·
of the naphthalene series
C09B 29/22
· · ·
of heterocyclic compounds
C09B 29/24
·
from coupling components containing both hydroxy and amino directing groups
C09B 29/26
· ·
Amino phenols
C09B 29/28
· ·
Amino naphthols
C09B 29/30
· · ·
Amino naphtholsulfonic acid
C09B 29/32
·
from coupling components containing a reactive methylene group
C09B 29/33
· ·
Aceto- or benzoyl-acetylarylides [3]
C09B 29/34
·
from other coupling components
C09B 29/36
· ·
from heterocyclic compounds
C09B 29/40
· · ·
containing a five-membered ring with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom [3]
C09B 29/42
· · ·
containing a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom [3]
C09B 29/44
· · · ·
Quinolines or hydrogenated quinolines [3]
C09B 29/46
· · ·
1,2-Diazoles or hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles [3]
C09B 29/48
· · · ·
Amino-1,2-diazoles [3]
C09B 29/50
· · · ·
1,2-Diazolones [3]
C09B 29/52
· · ·
Diazines [3]
P:210
C09B 31/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the type A B C, A B C D, or the like, prepared by diazotising and coupling
C09B 31/02
·
Disazo dyes
C09B 31/04
· ·
from a coupling component "C" containing a directive amino group
by introducing hydrocarbon radicals or substituted hydrocarbon radicals on primary or secondary amino groups (formation of an amino group by reduction, e.g. of a nitro group, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C09B 43/08) [3]
C09B 43/12
·
by acylation of amino groups
C09B 43/124
· ·
with monocarboxylic acids, carbamic esters or halides, monoisocyanates, or haloformic acid esters [3]
C09B 43/128
· · ·
Aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic acids [3]
C09B 43/132
· · ·
having the carboxyl group directly attached to an aromatic carbocyclic ring [3]
C09B 43/136
· ·
with polyfunctional acylating agents [3]
C09B 43/14
· · ·
with phosgene or thiophosgene [3]
C09B 43/145
· · ·
with polycarboxylic acids [3]
C09B 43/15
· · · ·
with formation of cyclic imides of ortho-or peri-dicarboxylic acids [3]
C09B 43/155
· · ·
with di- or poly-isocyanates [3]
C09B 43/16
· · ·
linking amino-azo compounds with other amino compounds by cyanuric acid or cyanuric acid residues [3]
C09B 43/18
·
by acylation of hydroxy groups
C09B 43/20
· ·
with monocarboxylic acids, carbamic acid esters or halides, monoisocyanates or haloformic acid esters [3]
C09B 43/22
· · ·
having the carboxyl group directly attached to an aromatic carbocyclic ring [3]
C09B 43/24
· ·
with formation of —O—SO2—R or —O—SO3H radicals [3]
C09B 43/26
· ·
with polyfunctional acylating agents [3]
C09B 43/28
·
by etherification of hydroxy groups [3]
C09B 43/30
·
by esterification of —COOH or —SO3H groups [3]
C09B 43/32
·
by reacting carboxyl or sulfonic groups, or derivatives thereof, with amines; by reacting keto groups with amines [3]
C09B 43/34
· ·
by reacting ortho- or peri-dicarboxylic dyes [3]
C09B 43/36
· ·
with amino anthracene or amino anthraquinone dyes [3]
C09B 43/38
· ·
by reacting two or more ortho-hydroxy naphthoic acid dyes with polyamines [3]
C09B 43/40
·
by substituting hetero atoms by radicals containing other hetero atoms [3]
C09B 43/42
· ·
by substituting radicals containing hetero atoms for —CN radicals [3]
C09B 43/44
·
by substituting amine groups for hydroxyl groups or hydroxy groups for amine groups; Desacylation of amino-acyl groups; Deaminating [3]
P:150
C09B 44/00
Azo dyes containing onium groups [3]
C09B 44/02
·
containing ammonium groups not directly attached to an azo group [3]
C09B 44/04
· ·
from coupling components containing amino as the only directing group [3]
C09B 44/06
· ·
from coupling components containing hydroxyl as the only directing group [3]
C09B 44/08
· ·
from coupling components containing heterocyclic rings [3]
C09B 44/10
·
containing cyclammonium groups attached to an azo group by a carbon atom of the ring system [3]
C09B 44/12
· ·
having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom [3]
C09B 44/14
· ·
1,2-Diazoles or hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles [3]
C09B 44/16
· ·
1,3-Diazoles or hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles [3]
C09B 44/18
· ·
having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [3]
C09B 44/20
· ·
Thiazoles or hydrogenated thiazoles [3]
P:140
C09B 45/00
Complex metal compounds of azo dyes
C09B 45/01
·
characterised by the method of metallisation [3]
C09B 45/02
·
Preparation from dyes containing in o-position a hydroxy group and in o1-position hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, amino, or keto groups [2]
C09B 45/04
· ·
Azo compounds in general
C09B 45/06
· · ·
Chromium compounds
C09B 45/08
· · ·
Copper compounds
C09B 45/10
· · ·
Cobalt compounds
C09B 45/12
· · ·
other metal compounds
C09B 45/14
· ·
Monoazo compounds
C09B 45/16
· · ·
containing chromium
C09B 45/18
· · ·
containing copper
C09B 45/20
· · ·
containing cobalt
C09B 45/22
· · ·
containing other metals
C09B 45/24
· ·
Disazo or polyazo compounds
C09B 45/26
· · ·
containing chromium
C09B 45/28
· · ·
containing copper
C09B 45/30
· · ·
containing cobalt
C09B 45/32
· · ·
containing other metals
C09B 45/34
·
Preparation from o-monohydroxy azo compounds having in the o1-position an atom or functional group other than hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, amino, or keto groups
C09B 45/36
· ·
by oxidation of hydrogen in o1-position
C09B 45/38
·
Preparation from compounds with —OH and —COOH adjacent in the same ring or in peri position
C09B 45/40
· ·
Chromium compounds
C09B 45/42
· ·
Copper compounds
C09B 45/44
· ·
Cobalt compounds
C09B 45/46
· ·
Other metal compounds
C09B 45/48
·
Preparation from other complex metal compounds of azo dyes
from nitro compounds of the benzene, naphthalene or anthracene series
C09B 49/04
·
from amino compounds of the benzene, naphthalene or anthracene series
C09B 49/06
·
from azines, oxazines, thiazines, or thiazoles
C09B 49/08
·
from urea derivatives
C09B 49/10
·
from diphenylamines, indamines, or indophenols
C09B 49/12
·
from other compounds
P:100
C09B 50/00
Formazane dyes; Tetrazolium dyes [3]
C09B 50/02
·
Tetrazolium dyes [3]
C09B 50/04
·
Metal-free formazane dyes [3]
C09B 50/06
·
Bis-formazane dyes [3]
C09B 50/08
·
Meso-acyl formazane dyes [3]
C09B 50/10
·
Cationic formazane dyes [3]
P:90
C09B 51/00
Nitro or nitroso dyes
P:80
C09B 53/00
Quinone imides
C09B 53/02
·
Indamines; Indophenols
P:70
C09B 55/00
Azomethine dyes
P:60
C09B 56/00
Azo dyes containing other chromophoric systems [3]
C09B 56/02
·
Azomethine-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/04
·
Stilbene-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/06
· ·
Bis- or poly-stilbene-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/08
·
Styryl-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/10
·
Formazane-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/12
·
Anthraquinone-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/14
·
Phthalocyanine-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/16
·
Methine- or polymethine-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/18
·
Hydrazone-azo dyes [3]
C09B 56/20
·
Triazene-azo dyes [3]
P:410
C09B 57/00
Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
C09B 57/02
·
Coumarine dyes [3]
C09B 57/04
·
Isoindoline dyes [3]
C09B 57/06
·
Naphtholactam dyes [3]
C09B 57/08
·
Naphthalimide dyes; Phthalimide dyes [3]
C09B 57/10
·
Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form [3]
C09B 57/12
·
Perinones, i.e. naphthoylene-aryl-imidazoles [3]
C09B 57/14
·
Benzoxanthene dyes; Benzothioxanthene dyes [3]
P:420
C09B 59/00
Artificial dyes of unknown constitution
P:50
C09B 61/00
Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources
P:40
C09B 62/00
Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves [3]
C09B 62/002
·
with the linkage of the reactive group being alternatively specified [3]
C09B 62/004
· ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/006
· ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/008
· · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/01
· · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/012
· · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/014
· ·
Nitro dyes [3]
C09B 62/016
· ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/018
· ·
Formazane dyes [3]
C09B 62/02
·
with the reactive group directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
C09B 62/022
· ·
the heterocyclic ring being alternatively specified [3]
C09B 62/024
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/026
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/028
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/03
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/032
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/034
· · ·
Nitro dyes [3]
C09B 62/036
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/038
· · ·
Formazane dyes [3]
C09B 62/04
· ·
to a triazine ring
C09B 62/06
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/08
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/085
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/09
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/095
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/10
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/12
· ·
to a pyridazine ring
C09B 62/14
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/16
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/165
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/17
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/175
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/18
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/20
· ·
to a pyrimidine ring
C09B 62/22
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/24
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/245
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/25
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/255
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/26
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/28
· ·
to a pyrazine ring
C09B 62/30
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/32
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/325
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/33
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/335
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/34
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/343
· ·
to a five-membered ring [3]
C09B 62/345
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/347
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/35
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/353
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/355
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/357
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/36
· ·
to some other heterocyclic ring
C09B 62/38
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/40
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/405
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/41
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/415
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/42
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/44
·
with the reactive group not directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
C09B 62/443
· ·
the reactive group being alternatively specified [3]
C09B 62/445
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/447
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/45
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/453
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/455
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/457
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/463
· · ·
Formazane dyes [3]
C09B 62/465
· ·
the reactive group being an acryloyl group, a quaternised or non-quaternised aminoalkyl carbonyl group, or a (—N)n—CO—A—O—X or (—N)n—CO—A—Hal group, wherein A is an alkylene or alkylidene group, X is hydrogen or an acyl radical of an organic or inorganic acid, Hal is a halogen atom, and n is 0 or 1 [3]
C09B 62/467
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/47
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/473
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/475
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/477
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/483
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/485
· ·
the reactive group being a halo-cyclobutyl- carbonyl, halo-cyclobutyl-vinyl-carbonyl, or halo-cyclobutenyl-carbonyl group [3]
C09B 62/487
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/489
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/491
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/493
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/495
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/497
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/503
· ·
the reactive group being an esterified or non-esterified hydroxyalkyl sulfonyl or mercaptoalkyl sulfonyl group, a quaternised or non-quaternised aminoalkyl sulfonyl group, a heterylmercapto alkyl sulfonyl group, a vinyl sulfonyl or a substituted vinyl sulfonyl group, or a thiophene-dioxide group [3]
C09B 62/505
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/507
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/51
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/513
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/515
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/517
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/523
· ·
the reactive group being an esterified or non-esterified hydroxyalkyl sulfonyl amido or hydroxyalkyl amino sulfonyl group, a quaternised or non-quaternised amino alkyl sulfonyl amido group, or a substituted alkyl amino sulfonyl group, or a halogen alkyl sulfonyl amido or halogen alkyl amino sulfonyl group or a vinyl sulfonylamido or a substituted vinyl sulfonamido group [3]
C09B 62/525
· · ·
Anthracene dyes [3]
C09B 62/527
· · ·
Azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/53
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/533
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/535
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/537
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines [3]
C09B 62/54
· ·
the reactive group being an epoxy or halohydrin group [3]
C09B 62/56
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/58
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/585
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/59
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/595
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/60
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/62
· ·
the reactive group being an ethylenimino or N-acylated ethylenimino group or a —CO—NH—CH2—CH2—X group, wherein X is a halogen atom, a quaternary ammonium group or O-acyl and acyl is derived from an organic or inorganic acid, or a beta-substituted ethylamine group
C09B 62/64
· · ·
Anthracene dyes
C09B 62/66
· · ·
Azo dyes
C09B 62/665
· · · ·
Monoazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/67
· · · ·
Disazo or polyazo dyes [3]
C09B 62/675
· · · ·
Metal complex azo dyes [3]
C09B 62/68
· · ·
Porphines; Azaporphines
C09B 62/763
· ·
the reactive group being a N-methylol group or an O-derivative thereof [3]
Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing, properties of dyestuffs without chemical reaction, e.g. by treating with solvents; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
C09B 67/02
·
Dyestuff preparations characterised by special physical forms, e.g. tablets, films [3]
Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass [2]
C09B 69/02
·
Dyestuff salts, e.g. salts of acid dyes with basic dyes (for Na, K, or NH4+ salts of dyes or for chlorides, sulfates or chlorozincates, see the relevant dye groups) [3]
C09B 69/04
· ·
of anionic dyes with nitrogen containing compounds [3]
C09B 69/06
· ·
of cationic dyes with organic acids [3]
C09B 69/08
·
Dyes containing a splittable water solubilising group [3]
C09B 69/10
·
Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds [3]