In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers :
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 8 groups as represented in the table below. For example, group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07F 3/00 "Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System" refers to the elements of columns IIa and IIb. [2009.01]
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (manufacture or treatment of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01)
C08
Note(s)
Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01P. [8]
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
In this subclass, group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 18/00 takes precedence over the other groups. A further classification is given if the polymers are obtained by reactions forming specific linkages for which an appropriate group is provided. [2]
Within each main group of this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [2]
This subclass covers also compositions based on monomers which form macromolecular compounds classifiable in this subclass. [7]
if the monomers are defined in a way that a composition cannot be classified within one main group of this subclass, the composition is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 85/00; [7]
Addition polymers of aldehydes or cyclic oligomers thereof or of ketones; Addition copolymers thereof with less than 50 molar percent of other substances [2]
C08G 2/02
·
Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or by particle radiation [2]
C08G 2/04
·
Polymerisation by using compounds which act upon the molecular weight, e.g. chain-transferring agents [2]
with compounds containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturation [2]
C08G 2/28
·
Post-polymerisation treatments [2]
C08G 2/30
·
Chemical modification by after-treatment [2]
C08G 2/32
· ·
by esterification [2]
C08G 2/34
· ·
by etherification [2]
C08G 2/36
· ·
by depolymerisation [2]
C08G 2/38
·
Block or graft polymers prepared by polymerisation of aldehydes or ketones on to macromolecular compounds [2]
P:30
C08G 4/00
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with polyalcohols; Addition polymers of heterocyclic oxygen compounds containing in the ring at least once the grouping —O—C—O— (of cyclic oligomers of aldehydes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 2/00) [2]
P:80
C08G 6/00
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones only [2]
C08G 6/02
·
of aldehydes with ketones [2]
P:70
C08G 8/00
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only [2]
C08G 8/02
·
of ketones [2]
C08G 8/04
·
of aldehydes [2]
C08G 8/06
· ·
of furfural [2]
C08G 8/08
· ·
of formaldehyde, e.g. of formaldehyde formed in situ [2]
C08G 8/10
· · ·
with phenol [2]
C08G 8/12
· · ·
with monohydric phenols having only one hydrocarbon substituent ortho or para to the OH group, e.g. p- tert.-butyl phenol [2]
C08G 8/14
· · ·
with halogenated phenols [2]
C08G 8/16
· · ·
with amino- or nitrophenols [2]
C08G 8/18
· · ·
with phenols substituted by carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups [2]
by organic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. fatty oils [2]
C08G 8/34
· ·
by natural resins or resin acids, e.g. rosin [2]
C08G 8/36
· ·
by etherifying [2]
C08G 8/38
·
Block or graft polymers prepared by polycondensation of aldehydes or ketones on to macromolecular compounds [2]
P:60
C08G 10/00
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with aromatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons only [2]
C08G 10/02
·
of aldehydes [2]
C08G 10/04
· ·
Chemically modified polycondensates [2]
C08G 10/06
·
Block or graft polymers prepared by polycondensation of aldehydes or ketones on to macromolecular compounds [2]
P:50
C08G 12/00
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen (amino phenols Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 8/16) [2]
C08G 12/02
·
of aldehydes [2]
C08G 12/04
· ·
with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds [2]
C08G 12/06
· · ·
Amines [2]
C08G 12/08
· · · ·
aromatic [2]
C08G 12/10
· · ·
with acyclic compounds having the moiety X=C(—N)2 in which X is O, S, or —N [2]
Block or graft polymers prepared by polycondensation of aldehydes or ketones on to macromolecular compounds [2]
P:0
C08G 18/00
Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates (preparatory processes of porous or cellular materials, in which the monomers or catalysts are not specific Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08J) [2]
comprising oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates involving reaction of a part of the isocyanate or isothiocyanate groups with each other in the reaction mixture (use of preformed oligomers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 18/79) [7]
C08G 18/10
· · ·
Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step (masked polyisocyanates Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 18/80) [2]
C08G 18/12
· · · ·
using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step [2]
characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used [2]
C08G 18/71
· · ·
Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates [2]
C08G 18/72
· · ·
Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates [2]
C08G 18/73
· · · ·
acyclic [2]
C08G 18/74
· · · ·
cyclic [2]
C08G 18/75
· · · · ·
cycloaliphatic [2]
C08G 18/76
· · · · ·
aromatic [2]
C08G 18/77
· · · ·
having hetero atoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur [2]
C08G 18/78
· · · · ·
Nitrogen [2]
C08G 18/79
· · · · · ·
characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates [2]
C08G 18/80
· · · ·
Masked polyisocyanates [2]
C08G 18/81
· · ·
Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates [2]
C08G 18/82
· ·
Post-polymerisation treatment [2]
C08G 18/83
· ·
Chemically modified polymers [2]
C08G 18/84
· · ·
by aldehydes [2]
C08G 18/85
· · ·
by azo compounds [2]
C08G 18/86
· · ·
by peroxides [2]
C08G 18/87
· · ·
by sulfur [2]
P:100
C08G 59/00
Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule (low-molecular-weight polyepoxy compounds Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07); Macromolecules obtained by reaction of epoxy polycondensates with monofunctional low-molecular-weight compounds; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups [2]
C08G 59/02
·
Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule [2]
C08G 59/04
· ·
of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof [2]
C08G 59/06
· · ·
of polyhydric phenols [2]
C08G 59/08
· · · ·
from phenol-aldehyde condensates [2]
C08G 59/10
· ·
of polyamines with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof [2]
C08G 59/12
· ·
of polycarboxylic acids with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof [2]
C08G 59/14
·
Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment [2]
C08G 59/16
· ·
by monocarboxylic acids or by anhydrides, halides or low-molecular-weight esters thereof [2]
C08G 59/17
· · ·
by acrylic or methacrylic acid [4]
C08G 59/18
·
Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups [2]
C08G 59/20
· ·
characterised by the epoxy compounds used [2]
C08G 59/20
Note(s)
Preparation and curing of epoxy polycondensates, in which the epoxy polycondensate is not exclusively a low-molecular-weight compound and in which the method of curing is not important, are classified only in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 59/02. [2]
C08G 59/22
· · ·
Di-epoxy compounds [2]
C08G 59/24
· · · ·
carbocyclic [2]
C08G 59/26
· · · ·
heterocyclic [2]
C08G 59/28
· · · ·
containing acyclic nitrogen atoms [2]
C08G 59/30
· · · ·
containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen [2]
C08G 59/32
· · ·
Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups [2]
C08G 59/34
· · · ·
obtained by epoxidation of an unsaturated polymer [2]
C08G 59/36
· · · ·
together with mono-epoxy compounds [2]
C08G 59/38
· · · ·
together with di-epoxy compounds [2]
C08G 59/40
· ·
characterised by the curing agents used [2]
C08G 59/42
· · ·
Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof [2]
C08G 59/44
· · ·
Amides [2]
C08G 59/46
· · · ·
together with other curing agents [2]
C08G 59/48
· · · · ·
with polycarboxylic acids or with anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof [2]
C08G 59/50
· · ·
Amines [2]
C08G 59/52
· · · ·
Amino carboxylic acids [2]
C08G 59/54
· · · ·
Amino amides [2]
C08G 59/56
· · · ·
together with other curing agents [2]
C08G 59/58
· · · · ·
with polycarboxylic acids or with anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof [2]
Compounds characterised by the chemical constitution of the polyesters are classified in the groups for the type of polyester compound. Compounds characterised by the preparation process of the polyesters are classified in the groups for the process employed (groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 63/78-C08G 63/87). Compounds characterised both by the chemical constitution and by the preparation process are classified according to each of these aspects. [5]
C08G 63/02
·
Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds [2]
C08G 63/06
· ·
derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids [2]
C08G 63/08
· · ·
Lactones or lactides [2]
C08G 63/12
· ·
derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds [2]
C08G 63/123
· · ·
the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings [5]
C08G 63/127
· · · ·
Acids containing aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/13
· · · · ·
containing two or more aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/133
· · · ·
Hydroxy compounds containing aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/137
· · · ·
Acids or hydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic rings [5]
C08G 63/16
· · ·
Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds [2]
C08G 63/18
· · · ·
the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings [2]
C08G 63/181
· · · · ·
Acids containing aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/183
· · · · · ·
Terephthalic acids [5]
C08G 63/185
· · · · · ·
containing two or more aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/187
· · · · · · ·
containing condensed aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/189
· · · · · · · ·
containing a naphthalene ring [5]
C08G 63/19
· · · · ·
Hydroxy compounds containing aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/191
· · · · · ·
Hydroquinones [5]
C08G 63/193
· · · · · ·
containing two or more aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/195
· · · · · · ·
Bisphenol A [5]
C08G 63/197
· · · · · · ·
containing condensed aromatic rings [5]
C08G 63/199
· · · · ·
Acids or hydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic rings [5]
C08G 63/20
· · · ·
Polyesters having been prepared in the presence of compounds having one reactive group or more than two reactive groups [2]
C08G 63/21
· · · · ·
in the presence of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or unsaturated monohydric alcohols or reactive derivatives thereof [5]
C08G 63/40
· · ·
Polyesters derived from ester-forming derivatives of polycarboxylic acids or of polyhydroxy compounds, other than from esters thereof [2]
Polymers containing both carboxylic ester groups and carbonate groups are always classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08G 63/64, even when the carbonate groups are present in excess. [5]
C08G 64/02
·
Aliphatic polycarbonates [5]
C08G 64/04
·
Aromatic polycarbonates [5]
C08G 64/06
· ·
not containing aliphatic unsaturation [5]
C08G 64/08
· · ·
containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen [5]
C08G 64/10
· · · ·
containing halogens [5]
C08G 64/12
· · · ·
containing nitrogen [5]
C08G 64/14
· · ·
containing a chain-terminating or -crosslinking agent [5]
C08G 64/16
·
Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates [5]
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a ureide or urethane link, otherwise than from isocyanate radicals [2]
Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors [2]
Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors [2]
C08G 73/12
· · ·
Unsaturated polyimide precursors [2]
C08G 73/14
· · ·
Polyamide-imides [2]
C08G 73/16
· · ·
Polyester-imides [2]
C08G 73/18
· ·
Polybenzimidazoles [2]
C08G 73/20
· ·
Pyrrones [2]
C08G 73/22
· ·
Polybenzoxazoles [2]
C08G 73/24
·
Copolymers of a fluoronitroso organic compound and another fluoro organic compound, e.g. nitroso rubbers [2]
C08G 73/26
· ·
of trifluoronitrosomethane with a fluoro-olefin [2]
P:130
C08G 75/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon [2]
C08G 75/02
·
Polythioethers [2]
C08G 75/04
· ·
from mercapto compounds or metallic derivatives thereof [2]
C08G 75/06
· ·
from cyclic thioethers [2]
C08G 75/08
· · ·
from thiiranes [2]
C08G 75/10
· ·
from sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds and aldehydes or ketones [2]
C08G 75/12
·
Polythioether-ethers [2]
C08G 75/14
·
Polysulfides [2]
C08G 75/16
· ·
by polycondensation of organic compounds with inorganic polysulfides [2]
C08G 75/18
·
Polysulfoxides [2]
C08G 75/20
·
Polysulfones [2]
C08G 75/22
· ·
Copolymers of sulfur dioxide with unsaturated aliphatic compounds [2]
C08G 75/23
· ·
Polyethersulfones [2]
C08G 75/24
·
Polysulfonates [2]
C08G 75/26
·
Polythioesters [2]
C08G 75/28
·
Polythiocarbonates [2]
C08G 75/30
·
Polysulfonamides; Polysulfonimides [2]
C08G 75/32
·
Polythiazoles; Polythiadiazoles [2]
P:120
C08G 77/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon [2]
C08G 77/02
·
Polysilicates [2]
C08G 77/04
·
Polysiloxanes [2]
C08G 77/06
· ·
Preparatory processes [2]
C08G 77/08
· · ·
characterised by the catalysts used [2]
C08G 77/10
· · ·
Equilibration processes [2]
C08G 77/12
· ·
containing silicon bound to hydrogen [2]
C08G 77/14
· ·
containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups [2]
C08G 77/16
· · ·
to hydroxy groups [2]
C08G 77/18
· · ·
to alkoxy or aryloxy groups [2]
C08G 77/20
· ·
containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups [2]
C08G 77/22
· ·
containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen [2]
in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms [2]
C08G 77/62
· ·
Nitrogen atoms [2]
P:110
C08G 79/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon [2]
C08G 79/02
·
a linkage containing phosphorus [2]
C08G 79/04
· ·
Phosphorus linked to oxygen or to oxygen and carbon [2]
C08G 79/06
· ·
Phosphorus linked to carbon only [2]
C08G 79/08
·
a linkage containing boron [2]
C08G 79/10
·
a linkage containing aluminium [2]
C08G 79/12
·
a linkage containing tin [2]
C08G 79/14
·
a linkage containing two or more elements other than carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon [2]
P:10
C08G 81/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers (involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 299/00) [2]
C08G 81/02
·
at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [2]