C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers :
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
  3. In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 8 groups as represented in the table below. For example, group C07F 3/00 "Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System" refers to the elements of columns IIa and IIb. [2009.01]

    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C04
CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES (alloys based on refractory metals C22C)  [4]
 C04

Note(s)

This class does not cover mechanical features provided for elsewhere, e.g. mechanical working B28, kilns F27.

 C04B
LIME; MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C 10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE  [4]
 C04B

Note(s)

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [6]

  • "fillers" includes pigments, aggregates and fibrous reinforcing materials; [6]
  • "active ingredients" includes processing aids or property improvers, e.g. grinding aids used after the burning process or used in the absence of a burning process; [6]
  • "mortars", "concrete" and "artificial stone" are to be considered as a single group of materials, and therefore, in the absence of an indication to be contrary, they include mortar, concrete and other cementitious compositions. [6]

 C04B
Subclass index
LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG 2/00; 5/00
CEMENTS 7/00 - 12/00
MORTARS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE
Compositions 26/00 - 32/00
Fillers 14/00 - 20/00
Active ingredients 22/00, 24/00
Porous products 38/00
Influencing or modifying the properties of mortars 40/00
After-treatment 41/00
CERAMICS
Clay-wares 33/00
Other ceramics 35/00
Joining 37/00
Porous products 38/00
After-treatment 41/00
TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE 41/00
 C04B 2/00 - 
C04B 5/00
Lime; Magnesia; Slag
P:210 C04B 2/00
Lime, magnesia or dolomite  [4]
 C04B 2/02
·  Lime  [4]
 C04B 2/04
·  ·  Slaking  [4]
 C04B 2/06
·  ·  ·  with addition of substances, e.g. hydrophobic agents  [4]
 C04B 2/08
·  ·  ·  Devices therefor  [4]
 C04B 2/10
·  Preheating, burning, calcining or cooling (decarbonation during burning of cement raw materials C04B 7/43)  [4]
 C04B 2/12
·  ·  in shaft or vertical furnaces  [4]
P:30 C04B 5/00
Treatment of molten slag (manufacture of slag wool C03B; treatment of slag in or for the production of metals C21B, C22B); Artificial stone from molten slag  [4]
 C04B 5/02
·  Granulating (granulating apparatus B01J 2/00); Dehydrating; Drying
 C04B 5/06
·  Ingredients, other than water, added to the molten slag; Treatment with gases or gas generating material, e.g. to obtain porous slag  [4]
 C04B 7/00 - 
C04B 12/00
Cements
 C04B 7/00 - 
C04B 32/00

Note(s)

In groups C04B 7/00-C04B 32/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [4]

P:190 C04B 7/00
Hydraulic cements
 C04B 7/02
·  Portland cement
 C04B 7/04
·  ·  using raw materials containing gypsum
 C04B 7/06
·  ·  using alkaline raw materials
 C04B 7/12
·  Natural pozzuolanas; Natural pozzuolana cements  [4]
 C04B 7/13
·  ·  Mixtures thereof with inorganic cementitious materials, e.g. Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 7/14
·  Cements containing slag
 C04B 7/147
·  ·  Metallurgical slag  [4]
 C04B 7/153
·  ·  ·  Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators  [4]
 C04B 7/17
·  ·  ·  ·  with calcium oxide containing activators  [4]
 C04B 7/19
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 7/21
·  ·  ·  ·  with calcium sulfate containing activators  [4]
 C04B 7/22
·  Iron ore cements
 C04B 7/24
·  Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag  [4]
 C04B 7/26
·  ·  from raw materials containing flue dust
 C04B 7/28
·  ·  from combustion residues (C04B 7/26 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 7/30
·  ·  from oil shale; from oil shale residues  [4]
 C04B 7/32
·  Aluminous cements
 C04B 7/34
·  Hydraulic lime cements; Roman cements
 C04B 7/345
·  Hydraulic cements not provided for in one of the groups C04B 7/02-C04B 7/34  [4]
 C04B 7/36
·  Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
 C04B 7/38
·  ·  Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches  [4]
 C04B 7/40
·  ·  ·  Dehydrating; Forming, e.g. granulating (granulating apparatus B01J 2/00)
 C04B 7/42
·  ·  ·  Active ingredients added before, or during, the burning process
 C04B 7/43
·  ·  Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling  [4]
 C04B 7/44
·  ·  ·  Burning; Melting  [4]
 C04B 7/45
·  ·  ·  ·  in fluidised beds  [4]
 C04B 7/46
·  ·  ·  ·  electric  [4]
 C04B 7/47
·  ·  ·  Cooling  [4]
 C04B 7/48
·  ·  Clinker treatment (C04B 7/47 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 7/51
·  ·  ·  Hydrating  [4]
 C04B 7/52
·  ·  ·  Grinding
 C04B 7/60
·  ·  Methods for eliminating alkali metals or compounds thereof  [4]
P:180 C04B 9/00
Magnesium cements or silimar cements
 C04B 9/02
·  Magnesium cements containing chlorides, e.g. Sorel cement
 C04B 9/04
·  Magnesium cements containing sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, or fluorides
 C04B 9/06
·  Cements containing metal compounds other than magnesium compounds, e.g. compounds of zinc or lead
 C04B 9/11
·  Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials  [4]
 C04B 9/12
·  ·  with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 9/20
·  Manufacture, e.g. preparing the batches (preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime stone, magnesite or dolomite C04B 2/10)
P:170 C04B 11/00
Calcium sulfate cements
 C04B 11/02
·  Dehydrating gypsum
 C04B 11/024
·  ·  Ingredients added before, or during, the calcining process, e.g. calcination modifiers  [4]
 C04B 11/028
·  ·  Devices therefor  [4]
 C04B 11/032
·  ·  ·  for the wet process, e.g. dehydrating in solution or under saturated vapor conditions  [4]
 C04B 11/036
·  ·  ·  for the dry process, e.g. dehydrating in a fluidised bed or in a rotary kiln  [4]
 C04B 11/05
·  obtaining anhydrite (C04B 11/028 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 11/06
·  starting from anhydrite
 C04B 11/26
·  starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke (C04B 11/02 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 11/28
·  Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials (C04B 7/04, C04B 7/153 take precedence)  [4]
 C04B 11/30
·  ·  with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements  [4]
P:200 C04B 12/00
Cements not provided for in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 11/00  [4]
 C04B 12/02
·  Phosphate cements  [4]
 C04B 12/04
·  Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements  [4]
 C04B 14/00 - 
C04B 20/00
Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone  [4]
P:160 C04B 14/00
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone (reinforcing elements for building E04C 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 14/02
·  Granular materials  [4]
 C04B 14/04
·  ·  Silica-rich materials; Silicates  [4]
 C04B 14/06
·  ·  ·  Quartz; Sand  [4]
 C04B 14/08
·  ·  ·  Diatomaceous earth  [4]
 C04B 14/10
·  ·  ·  Clay  [4]
 C04B 14/12
·  ·  ·  ·  Expanded clay  [4]
 C04B 14/14
·  ·  ·  Minerals of vulcanic origin  [4]
 C04B 14/16
·  ·  ·  ·  porous, e.g. pumice  [4]
 C04B 14/18
·  ·  ·  ·  Perlite  [4]
 C04B 14/20
·  ·  ·  Mica; Vermiculite  [4]
 C04B 14/22
·  ·  ·  Glass  [4]
 C04B 14/24
·  ·  ·  ·  porous, e.g. foamed glass  [4]
 C04B 14/26
·  ·  Carbonates  [4]
 C04B 14/28
·  ·  ·  of calcium  [4]
 C04B 14/30
·  ·  Oxides other than silica  [4]
 C04B 14/32
·  ·  Carbides; Nitrides; Borides  [4]
 C04B 14/34
·  ·  Metals  [4]
 C04B 14/36
·  ·  Inorganic materials not provided for in groups C04B 14/04-C04B 14/34  [4]
 C04B 14/38
·  Fibrous materials; Whiskers  [4]
 C04B 14/40
·  ·  Asbestos  [4]
 C04B 14/42
·  ·  Glass  [4]
 C04B 14/44
·  ·  ·  Treatment for enhancing alkali resistance  [4]
 C04B 14/46
·  ·  Rock wool  [4]
 C04B 14/48
·  ·  Metal  [4]
P:150 C04B 16/00
Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone (reinforcing elements for building E04C 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 16/02
·  Cellulosic materials  [4]
 C04B 16/04
·  Macromolecular compounds (C04B 16/02 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 16/06
·  ·  fibrous  [4]
 C04B 16/08
·  ·  porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads  [4]
 C04B 16/10
·  ·  ·  Treatment for enhancing the mixability with the mortar  [4]
 C04B 16/12
·  characterised by the shape (fibrous macromolecular compounds C04B 16/06; porous macromolecular compounds C04B 16/08)  [4]
P:140 C04B 18/00
Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone (reinforcing elements for building E04C 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 18/02
·  Agglomerated materials  [4]
 C04B 18/04
·  Waste materials; Refuse  [4]
 C04B 18/06
·  ·  Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases  [4]
 C04B 18/08
·  ·  ·  Flue dust  [4]
 C04B 18/10
·  ·  ·  Burned refuse  [4]
 C04B 18/12
·  ·  from quarries, mining or the like  [4]
 C04B 18/14
·  ·  from metallurgical processes (treatment of molten slag C04B 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 18/16
·  ·  from building or ceramic industry  [4]
 C04B 18/18
·  ·  organic (C04B 18/10 takes precedence)  [4]
 C04B 18/20
·  ·  ·  from macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 18/22
·  ·  ·  ·  Rubber  [4]
 C04B 18/24
·  ·  ·  Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper  [4]
 C04B 18/26
·  ·  ·  ·  Wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shavings  [4]
 C04B 18/28
·  ·  ·  ·  Mineralising; Compositions therefor  [4]
 C04B 18/30
·  ·  Mixed waste; Waste of undefined composition, e.g. municipal waste (C04B 18/10 takes precedence)  [4]
P:130 C04B 20/00
Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B 14/00-C04B 18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00-C04B 18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials (reinforcing elements for building E04C 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 20/02
·  Treatment  [4]
 C04B 20/04
·  ·  Heat treatment  [4]
 C04B 20/06
·  ·  ·  Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials  [4]
 C04B 20/08
·  ·  Defibrillating asbestos  [4]
 C04B 20/10
·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 20/12
·  ·  Multiple coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 22/00 - 
C04B 24/00
Use of materials as active ingredients  [4]
 C04B 22/00 - 
C04B 24/00

Note(s)

Active ingredients which react with cement compounds for forming new or modified mineralogical phases and are added before the hardening process, as well as cements added as additives to other cements, are classified in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 12/00[4]

 C04B 22/00 - 
C04B 24/42

Note(s)

In groups C04B 22/00-C04B 24/00, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of group C04B 103/00.  [6]

P:120 C04B 22/00
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators  [4]
 C04B 22/02
·  Elements  [4]
 C04B 22/04
·  ·  Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent  [4]
 C04B 22/06
·  Oxides; Hydroxides  [4]
 C04B 22/08
·  Acids or salts thereof  [4]
 C04B 22/10
·  ·  containing carbon in the anion, e.g. carbonates  [4]
 C04B 22/12
·  ·  containing halogen in the anion, e.g. calcium chloride  [4]
 C04B 22/14
·  ·  containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides  [4]
 C04B 22/16
·  ·  containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates  [4]
P:110 C04B 24/00
Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers  [4]
 C04B 24/02
·  Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers  [4]
 C04B 24/04
·  Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/06
·  ·  containing hydroxy groups  [4]
 C04B 24/08
·  Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats  [4]
 C04B 24/10
·  Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/12
·  Nitrogen containing compounds  [4]
 C04B 24/14
·  ·  Peptides; Proteins; Derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/16
·  Sulfur-containing compounds  [4]
 C04B 24/18
·  ·  Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfite lye  [4]
 C04B 24/20
·  ·  Sulfonated aromatic compounds  [4]
 C04B 24/22
·  ·  ·  Condensation products thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/24
·  Macromolecular compounds (C04B 24/14 takes precedence; macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups C04B 24/16)  [4,6]
 C04B 24/26
·  ·  obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 24/28
·  ·  obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 24/30
·  ·  ·  Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones  [4]
 C04B 24/32
·  ·  ·  Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether  [4]
 C04B 24/34
·  ·  Natural resins, e.g. rosin  [4]
 C04B 24/36
·  ·  Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch  [4]
 C04B 24/38
·  ·  Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 24/40
·  Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium  [4]
 C04B 24/42
·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 26/00 - 
C04B 32/00
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone  [4]
 C04B 26/00 - 
C04B 32/00

Note(s)

  1. Any ingredient of compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, classified in groups C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00 according to the last place rule, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 24/00[4,8]
  2. Any ingredient of compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, which is not identified by the classification in groups C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00 according to the last place rule, and which is considered to represent information of particular interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 24/00. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols.  Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". For example, a well defined Portland cement mortar mixture containing clay as an essential or characterising filler is classified in group C04B 28/04 and may also additionally be classified in group C04B 14/10[4,8]
 C04B 26/00 - 
C04B 32/02

Note(s)

In groups C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of group C04B 111/00[6]

P:90 C04B 26/00
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders  [4]
 C04B 26/02
·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 26/04
·  ·  obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 26/06
·  ·  ·  Acrylates  [4]
 C04B 26/08
·  ·  ·  containing halogen  [4]
 C04B 26/10
·  ·  obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [4]
 C04B 26/12
·  ·  ·  Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones  [4]
 C04B 26/14
·  ·  ·  Polyepoxides  [4]
 C04B 26/16
·  ·  ·  Polyurethanes  [4]
 C04B 26/18
·  ·  ·  Polyesters; Polycarbonates  [4]
 C04B 26/20
·  ·  ·  Polyamides  [4]
 C04B 26/22
·  ·  Natural resins, e.g. rosin  [4]
 C04B 26/24
·  ·  ·  Cellulosic waste liquor, e.g. sulfite lye  [4]
 C04B 26/26
·  ·  Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch  [4]
 C04B 26/28
·  ·  Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof  [4]
 C04B 26/30
·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 26/32
·  ·  containing silicon  [4]
P:80 C04B 28/00
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements  [4]
 C04B 28/02
·  containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates  [4]
 C04B 28/04
·  ·  Portland cements  [4]
 C04B 28/06
·  ·  Aluminous cements  [4]
 C04B 28/08
·  ·  Slag cements  [4]
 C04B 28/10
·  ·  Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements  [4]
 C04B 28/12
·  ·  ·  Hydraulic lime  [4]
 C04B 28/14
·  containing calcium sulfate cements  [4]
 C04B 28/16
·  ·  containing anhydrite  [4]
 C04B 28/18
·  containing mixtures of the silica-lime type  [4]
 C04B 28/20
·  ·  Sand-lime  [4]
 C04B 28/22
·  ·  Lime and pozzuolanas  [4]
 C04B 28/24
·  containing alkyl ammonium or alkali metal silicates; containing silica sols  [4]
 C04B 28/26
·  ·  Silicates of the alkali metals  [4]
 C04B 28/28
·  containing organic polyacids, e.g. polycarboxylate cements  [4]
 C04B 28/30
·  containing magnesium cements (magnesium oxide cements C04B 28/10)  [4]
 C04B 28/32
·  ·  Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement  [4]
 C04B 28/34
·  containing cold phosphate binders  [4]
 C04B 28/36
·  containing sulfur, sulfides or selenium  [4]
P:70 C04B 30/00
Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders (artificial stone from molten slag C04B 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 30/02
·  containing fibrous materials  [4]
P:100 C04B 32/00
Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass (artificial stone from molten slag C04B 5/00)  [4]
 C04B 32/02
·  with reinforcements  [4]
 C04B 33/00 - 
C04B 37/00
Ceramics
P:50 C04B 33/00
Clay-wares (monolithic refractories or refractory mortars C04B 35/66; porous products C04B 38/00)  [2]
 C04B 33/02
·  Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
 C04B 33/04
·  ·  Clay; Kaolin
 C04B 33/06
·  ·  ·  Rendering lime harmless
 C04B 33/08
·  ·  ·  ·  Preventing efflorescence
 C04B 33/10
·  ·  Eliminating iron or lime
 C04B 33/13
·  ·  Compounding ingredients (C04B 33/36, C04B 35/71 take precedence)  [2]
 C04B 33/132
·  ·  ·  Waste materials; Refuse (C04B 33/16 takes precedence)  [8]
 C04B 33/135
·  ·  ·  ·  Combustion residues, e.g fly ash, incineration waste  [8]
 C04B 33/138
·  ·  ·  ·  from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste  [8]
 C04B 33/14
·  ·  ·  Colouring matters
 C04B 33/16
·  ·  ·  Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz
 C04B 33/18
·  ·  ·  for liquefying the batches
 C04B 33/20
·  ·  for dry-pressing (C04B 33/13 takes precedence)
 C04B 33/22
·  Grog products
 C04B 33/24
·  Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
 C04B 33/26
·  ·  of porcelain for electrical insulation
 C04B 33/28
·  Slip casting
 C04B 33/30
·  Drying methods
 C04B 33/32
·  Burning methods
 C04B 33/34
·  ·  combined with glazing
 C04B 33/36
·  Reinforced clay-wares  [2]
P:40 C04B 35/00
Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions (containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides, other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C); Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products  [4]
 C04B 35/00

Note(s)

  1. In this group, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compositions are classified according to the constituent present in the highest proportion by weight. [3]
  2. In this group, magnesium is considered as an alkaline earth metal. [6]
  3. In this group, a composite is considered as a sintered mixture of different powdered materials, other than sintering aids, the materials being present as separate phases in the sintered product. [6]
  4. In this group, fine ceramics are considered as products having a polycrystalline fine-grained microstructure, e.g. of dimensions below 100 micrometers. [6]
  5. The production of ceramic powder is classified in this group in so far as it relates to the preparation of powder with specific characteristics. [6]
 C04B 35/01
·  based on oxides  [6]
 C04B 35/03
·  ·  based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite  [6]
 C04B 35/035
·  ·  ·  Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon  [6]
 C04B 35/04
·  ·  ·  based on magnesium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/043
·  ·  ·  ·  Refractories from grain sized mixtures  [6]
 C04B 35/047
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  containing chromium oxide or chrome ore  [6]
 C04B 35/05
·  ·  ·  ·  Refractories by fusion casting  [6]
 C04B 35/053
·  ·  ·  ·  Fine ceramics  [6]
 C04B 35/057
·  ·  ·  based on calcium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/06
·  ·  ·  based on oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
 C04B 35/08
·  ·  based on beryllium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/10
·  ·  based on aluminium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/101
·  ·  ·  Refractories from grain sized mixtures  [6]
 C04B 35/103
·  ·  ·  ·  containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon (C04B 35/106 takes precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/105
·  ·  ·  ·  containing chromium oxide or chrome ore  [6]
 C04B 35/106
·  ·  ·  ·  containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)  [6]
 C04B 35/107
·  ·  ·  Refractories by fusion casting  [6]
 C04B 35/109
·  ·  ·  ·  containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)  [6]
 C04B 35/111
·  ·  ·  Fine ceramics  [6]
 C04B 35/113
·  ·  ·  ·  based on beta-aluminium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/115
·  ·  ·  ·  Translucent or transparent products  [6]
 C04B 35/117
·  ·  ·  ·  Composites  [6]
 C04B 35/119
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with zirconium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/12
·  ·  based on chromium oxide (C04B 35/047, C04B 35/105 take precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/14
·  ·  based on silica  [6]
 C04B 35/16
·  ·  based on silicates other than clay  [6]
 C04B 35/18
·  ·  ·  rich in aluminium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/185
·  ·  ·  ·  Mullite  [6]
 C04B 35/19
·  ·  ·  ·  Alkali metal aluminosilicates, e.g. spodumene  [6]
 C04B 35/195
·  ·  ·  ·  Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite  [6]
 C04B 35/20
·  ·  ·  rich in magnesium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/22
·  ·  ·  rich in calcium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/26
·  ·  based on ferrites  [2,6]
 C04B 35/28
·  ·  ·  with nickel oxide as the principal oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/30
·  ·  ·  ·  with zinc oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/32
·  ·  ·  with cobalt oxide as the principal oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/34
·  ·  ·  ·  with zinc oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/36
·  ·  ·  with manganese oxide as the principal oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/38
·  ·  ·  ·  with zinc oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/40
·  ·  ·  with rare earth oxide  [2,6]
 C04B 35/42
·  ·  based on chromites (C04B 35/047, C04B 35/105 take precedence)  [2,6]
 C04B 35/44
·  ·  based on aluminates  [2,6]
 C04B 35/443
·  ·  ·  Magnesium aluminate spinel  [6]
 C04B 35/447
·  ·  based on phosphates  [6]
 C04B 35/45
·  ·  based on copper oxide or solid solutions thereof with other oxides  [6]
 C04B 35/453
·  ·  based on zinc, tin or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates  [6]
 C04B 35/457
·  ·  ·  based on tin oxides or stannates  [6]
 C04B 35/46
·  ·  based on titanium oxides or titanates (containing also zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates or hafnates C04B 35/49)  [6]
 C04B 35/462
·  ·  ·  based on titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/465
·  ·  ·  ·  based on alkaline earth metal titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/468
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  based on barium titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/47
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  based on strontium titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/472
·  ·  ·  ·  based on lead titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/475
·  ·  ·  ·  based on bismuth titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/478
·  ·  ·  ·  based on aluminium titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/48
·  ·  based on zirconium or hafnium oxides or zirconates or hafnates  [6]
 C04B 35/482
·  ·  ·  Refractories from grain sized mixtures  [6]
 C04B 35/484
·  ·  ·  Refractories by fusion casting  [6]
 C04B 35/486
·  ·  ·  Fine ceramics  [6]
 C04B 35/488
·  ·  ·  ·  Composites  [6]
 C04B 35/49
·  ·  ·  containing also titanium oxide or titanates  [3,6]
 C04B 35/491
·  ·  ·  ·  based on lead zirconates and lead titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/493
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  containing also other lead compounds  [6]
 C04B 35/495
·  ·  based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates  [6]
 C04B 35/497
·  ·  ·  based on solid solutions with lead oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/499
·  ·  ·  ·  containing also titanates  [6]
 C04B 35/50
·  based on rare earth compounds
 C04B 35/505
·  ·  based on yttrium oxide  [6]
 C04B 35/51
·  based on compounds of actinides  [2]
 C04B 35/515
·  based on non-oxides (C04B 35/50, C04B 35/51 take precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/52
·  ·  based on carbon, e.g. graphite  [6]
 C04B 35/524
·  ·  ·  obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material  [6]
 C04B 35/528
·  ·  ·  obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components  [6]
 C04B 35/532
·  ·  ·  ·  containing a carbonisable binder  [6]
 C04B 35/536
·  ·  ·  based on expanded graphite  [6]
 C04B 35/547
·  ·  based on sulfides or selenides  [6]
 C04B 35/553
·  ·  based on fluorides  [6]
 C04B 35/56
·  ·  based on carbides  [4]
 C04B 35/563
·  ·  ·  based on boron carbide  [6]
 C04B 35/565
·  ·  ·  based on silicon carbide  [6]
 C04B 35/567
·  ·  ·  ·  Refractories from grain sized mixtures  [6]
 C04B 35/569
·  ·  ·  ·  Fine ceramics  [6]
 C04B 35/571
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained from polymer precursors  [6]
 C04B 35/573
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained by reaction sintering  [6]
 C04B 35/575
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained by pressure sintering  [6]
 C04B 35/576
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained by sintering without pressure  [6]
 C04B 35/577
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Composites  [6]
 C04B 35/58
·  ·  based on borides, nitrides or silicides  [4,6]
 C04B 35/581
·  ·  ·  based on aluminium nitride  [6]
 C04B 35/582
·  ·  ·  ·  Composites  [6]
 C04B 35/583
·  ·  ·  based on boron nitride  [6]
 C04B 35/5831
·  ·  ·  ·  based on cubic boron nitride  [6]
 C04B 35/5833
·  ·  ·  ·  based on hexagonal boron nitride  [6]
 C04B 35/5835
·  ·  ·  ·  Composites  [6]
 C04B 35/584
·  ·  ·  based on silicon nitride  [6]
 C04B 35/586
·  ·  ·  ·  Refractories from grain sized mixtures  [6]
 C04B 35/587
·  ·  ·  ·  Fine ceramics  [6]
 C04B 35/589
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained from polymer precursors  [6]
 C04B 35/591
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained by reaction sintering  [6]
 C04B 35/593
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained by pressure sintering (C04B 35/594 takes precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/594
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  obtained by sintering a reaction-sintered product, with or without pressure  [6]
 C04B 35/596
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Composites  [6]
 C04B 35/597
·  ·  ·  based on silicon oxynitrides  [6]
 C04B 35/599
·  ·  ·  ·  based on silicon aluminium oxynitrides (SIALONS)  [6]
 C04B 35/622
·  Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products  [6]
 C04B 35/624
·  ·  Sol-gel processing  [6]
 C04B 35/626
·  ·  Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches  [6]
 C04B 35/628
·  ·  ·  Coating the powders  [6]
 C04B 35/63
·  ·  ·  using additives specially adapted for forming the products  [6]
 C04B 35/632
·  ·  ·  ·  Organic additives  [6]
 C04B 35/634
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Polymers (C04B 35/636 takes precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/636
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof  [6]
 C04B 35/638
·  ·  ·  ·  Removal thereof  [6]
 C04B 35/64
·  ·  Burning or sintering processes (C04B 33/32 takes precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/645
·  ·  ·  Pressure sintering  [6]
 C04B 35/65
·  ·  ·  Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions  [3]
 C04B 35/653
·  ·  Processes involving a melting step  [6]
 C04B 35/657
·  ·  ·  for manufacturing refractories (C04B 35/05, C04B 35/107, C04B 35/484 take precedence)  [6]
 C04B 35/66
·  Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
 C04B 35/66

Note(s)

Any ingredient of a refractory mortar composition containing a hydraulic cement, e.g. aluminous cement, classified in group C04B 35/66, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups C04B 7/00-C04B 24/00. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". For example, such an additional classification in group C04B 24/00 may be given for an organic retarder added to the mortar composition. [8]

 C04B 35/71
·  Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents (C04B 35/66 takes precedence)  [3,4]
 C04B 35/74
·  ·  containing shaped metallic materials  [2]
 C04B 35/76
·  ·  ·  Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like  [2]
 C04B 35/78
·  ·  containing non-metallic materials  [2]
 C04B 35/80
·  ·  ·  Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like  [2]
 C04B 35/81
·  ·  ·  ·  Whiskers  [6]
 C04B 35/82
·  ·  ·  ·  Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica  [2]
 C04B 35/83
·  ·  ·  ·  Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix  [6]
 C04B 35/83

Note(s)

The products covered by this group are usually referred to as "carbon-carbon composites".  [6]

 C04B 35/84
·  ·  ·  Impregnated or coated materials  [2]
P:0 C04B 37/00
Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
 C04B 37/02
·  with metallic articles
 C04B 37/04
·  with articles made from glass
P:10 C04B 38/00
Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof (treating slag with gases or gas generating material C04B 5/06)  [4,6]
 C04B 38/00

Note(s)

Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware characterised by the ingredients or compositions are also classified in groups C04B 2/00-C04B 35/00.  [4]

 C04B 38/02
·  by adding chemical blowing agents  [4]
 C04B 38/04
·  by dissolving-out added substances  [4]
 C04B 38/06
·  by burning-out added substances  [4]
 C04B 38/08
·  by adding porous substances  [4]
 C04B 38/10
·  by using foaming agents (C04B 38/02 takes precedence)  [4]
P:60 C04B 40/00
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability (by selecting active ingredients C04B 22/00-C04B 24/00; hardening of a well-defined composition C04B 26/00-C04B 28/00; making porous, cellular or lightening C04B 38/00)  [4,6]
 C04B 40/02
·  Selection of the hardening environment  [4]
 C04B 40/04
·  Preventing evaporation of the mixing water (permanent coverings C04B 41/00)  [4]
 C04B 40/06
·  Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers  [4]
P:20 C04B 41/00
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone (glazes, other than cold glazes, C03C 8/00)  [3]
 C04B 41/00

Note(s)

  1. In this group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: [6]
    • "mortars", "concrete" and "artificial stone" cover materials after primary shaping. [6]
  2. Treating, e.g. coating or impregnating, a material with the same material or with a substance which ultimately is transformed into the same material is not considered after-treatment for this group but is classified as preparation of the material, e.g. a carbon body impregnated with a carbonisable substance is classified in C04B 35/52.
  3. In groups C04B 41/45-C04B 41/80, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [4]
 C04B 41/45
·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/46
·  ·  with organic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/47
·  ·  ·  Oils, fats or waxes  [4]
 C04B 41/48
·  ·  ·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 41/49
·  ·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 41/50
·  ·  with inorganic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/51
·  ·  ·  Metallising  [4]
 C04B 41/52
·  ·  Multiple coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/53
·  involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated article  [4]
 C04B 41/60
·  of only artificial stone  [4]
 C04B 41/61
·  ·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/62
·  ·  ·  with organic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/63
·  ·  ·  ·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 41/64
·  ·  ·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 41/65
·  ·  ·  with inorganic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/66
·  ·  ·  ·  Fluorides, e.g. ocratation  [4]
 C04B 41/67
·  ·  ·  ·  Phosphates  [4]
 C04B 41/68
·  ·  ·  ·  Silicic acid; Silicates  [4]
 C04B 41/69
·  ·  ·  ·  Metals  [4]
 C04B 41/70
·  ·  ·  for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions  [4]
 C04B 41/71
·  ·  ·  ·  at least one coating being an organic material  [4]
 C04B 41/72
·  ·  involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching  [4]
 C04B 41/80
·  of only ceramics  [4]
 C04B 41/81
·  ·  Coating or impregnating  [4]
 C04B 41/82
·  ·  ·  with organic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/83
·  ·  ·  ·  Macromolecular compounds  [4]
 C04B 41/84
·  ·  ·  ·  Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages  [4]
 C04B 41/85
·  ·  ·  with inorganic materials  [4]
 C04B 41/86
·  ·  ·  ·  Glazes; Cold glazes  [4]
 C04B 41/87
·  ·  ·  ·  Ceramics  [4]
 C04B 41/88
·  ·  ·  ·  Metals  [4]
 C04B 41/89
·  ·  ·  for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions  [4]
 C04B 41/90
·  ·  ·  ·  at least one coating being a metal  [4]
 C04B 41/91
·  ·  involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching  [4]
 C04B 103/00
Indexing scheme associated with groups C04B 22/00 and C04B 24/00, relating to the function or property of the active ingredients.  [6]
P:220 C04B 103/00
Function or property of the active ingredients  [6]
 C04B 103/10
·  Accelerators  [6]
 C04B 103/12
·  ·  Set accelerators  [6]
 C04B 103/14
·  ·  Hardening accelerators  [6]
 C04B 103/20
·  Retarders  [6]
 C04B 103/22
·  ·  Set retarders  [6]
 C04B 103/24
·  ·  Hardening retarders  [6]
 C04B 103/30
·  Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers  [6]
 C04B 103/32
·  ·  Superplasticisers  [6]
 C04B 103/40
·  Surface-active agents, dispersants  [6]
 C04B 103/42
·  Pore formers  [6]
 C04B 103/44
·  Thickening, gelling or viscosity increasing agents  [6]
 C04B 103/46
·  Water-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents  [6]
 C04B 103/48
·  Foam stabilisers  [6]
 C04B 103/50
·  Defoamers, air detrainers  [6]
 C04B 103/52
·  Grinding aids  [6]
 C04B 103/54
·  Pigments; Dyes  [6]
 C04B 103/56
·  Opacifiers  [6]
 C04B 103/60
·  Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack  [6]
 C04B 103/61
·  ·  Corrosion inhibitors  [6]
 C04B 103/63
·  ·  Flame-proofing agents  [6]
 C04B 103/65
·  ·  Water proofers or repellants  [6]
 C04B 103/67
·  ·  Biocides  [6]
 C04B 103/69
·  ·  ·  Fungicides  [6]
 C04B 111/00
Indexing scheme associated with groups C04B 26/00-C04B 32/00, relating to the function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone.  [6]
P:230 C04B 111/00
Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone  [6]
 C04B 111/10
·  Compositions characterized by the absence of a specified material  [6]
 C04B 111/12
·  ·  Absence of asbestos, e.g. cement-asbestos substitutes  [6]
 C04B 111/20
·  Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack  [6]
 C04B 111/21
·  ·  Efflorescence resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/22
·  ·  Carbonation resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/23
·  ·  Acid resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/24
·  ·  Sea water resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/25
·  ·  Graffiti resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/26
·  ·  Corrosion of reinforcement resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/27
·  ·  Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water repellant materials  [6]
 C04B 111/28
·  ·  Fire resistance  [6]
 C04B 111/30
·  Nailable or sawable materials  [6]
 C04B 111/32
·  Expansion inhibited materials  [6]
 C04B 111/34
·  Non-shrinking materials  [6]
 C04B 111/40
·  Porous or lightweight materials  [6]
 C04B 111/42
·  ·  Floating materials  [6]
 C04B 111/50
·  Flexible or elastic materials  [6]
 C04B 111/52
·  Sound insulating materials  [6]
 C04B 111/54
·  Substitutes for natural stone, e.g. artificial marble  [6]
 C04B 111/56
·  Compositions suited for fabrication of pipes, e.g. by centrifugal casting  [6]
 C04B 111/60
·  Flooring materials  [6]
 C04B 111/62
·  ·  Self-levelling compositions  [6]
 C04B 111/70
·  Grouts  [6]
 C04B 111/72
·  Compositions used for repairing existing buildings or building materials  [6]
 C04B 111/74
·  Underwater applications  [6]
 C04B 111/76
·  Use at sub-zero temperatures  [6]
 C04B 111/80
·  Optical properties, e.g. transparency  [6]
 C04B 111/82
·  ·  Coloured materials  [6]
 C04B 111/90
·  Electrical properties  [6]
 C04B 111/92
·  ·  Electrically insulating materials  [6]
 C04B 111/94
·  ·  Electrically conducting materials  [6]