C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers :
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
  3. In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 8 groups as represented in the table below. For example, group C07F 3/00 "Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System" refers to the elements of columns IIa and IIb. [2009.01]

    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C08
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (manufacture or treatment of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons D01)
 C08

Note(s)

  1. Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass A01P[8]
  2. Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
    1. liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
    2. treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
    are further classified in subclass C12S.
 C08C
TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
 C08C

Note(s)

This subclass covers:

 C08C 1/00 - 
C08C 19/00
Preparation
P:10 C08C 1/00
Treatment of rubber latex
 C08C 1/02
·  Chemical or physical treatment of rubber latex before or during concentration
 C08C 1/04
·  ·  Purifying; Deproteinising
 C08C 1/06
·  ·  Preservation of rubber latex (preserving ingredients C08K)
 C08C 1/065
·  ·  Increasing the size of dispersed rubber particles  [2]
 C08C 1/07
·  ·  ·  characterised by the agglomerating agents used  [2]
 C08C 1/075
·  ·  Concentrating  [2]
 C08C 1/08
·  ·  ·  with the aid of creaming agents  [2]
 C08C 1/10
·  ·  ·  by centrifugation  [2]
 C08C 1/12
·  ·  ·  by evaporation  [2]
 C08C 1/14
·  Coagulation
 C08C 1/15
·  ·  characterised by the coagulants used  [2]
 C08C 1/16
·  ·  in floc form
P:20 C08C 2/00
Treatment of rubber solutions  [2]
 C08C 2/02
·  Purification  [2]
 C08C 2/04
·  ·  Removal of catalyst residues  [2]
 C08C 2/06
·  Winning of rubber from solutions  [2]
P:30 C08C 3/00
Treatment of coagulated rubber
 C08C 3/02
·  Purification  [2]
P:40 C08C 4/00
Treatment of rubber before vulcanisation, not provided for in groups C08C 1/00-C08C 3/02  [2]
P:0 C08C 19/00
Chemical modification of rubber (crosslinking agents, other than provided for by group C08C 19/30, C08K)  [2]
 C08C 19/02 - 
C08C 19/30

Note(s)

In groups C08C 19/02-C08C 19/30 in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a process is classified in the last appropriate place. [2]

 C08C 19/02
·  Hydrogenation  [2]
 C08C 19/04
·  Oxidation  [2]
 C08C 19/06
·  ·  Epoxidation  [2]
 C08C 19/08
·  Depolymerisation  [2]
 C08C 19/10
·  Isomerisation; Cyclisation  [2]
 C08C 19/12
·  Incorporating halogen atoms into the molecule  [2]
 C08C 19/14
·  ·  by reaction with halogens  [2]
 C08C 19/16
·  ·  by reaction with hydrogen halides  [2]
 C08C 19/18
·  ·  by reaction with hydrocarbons substituted by halogen  [2]
 C08C 19/20
·  Incorporating sulfur atoms into the molecule  [2]
 C08C 19/22
·  Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule  [2]
 C08C 19/24
·  Incorporating phosphorus atoms into the molecule  [2]
 C08C 19/25
·  Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule  [5]
 C08C 19/26
·  Incorporating metal atoms into the molecule  [2]
 C08C 19/28
·  Reaction with compounds containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds (graft polymers C08F)  [2]
 C08C 19/30
·  Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule  [2]
 C08C 19/32
·  ·  reacting with halogens or halogen-containing groups  [2]
 C08C 19/34
·  ·  reacting with oxygen or oxygen-containing groups  [2]
 C08C 19/36
·  ·  ·  with carboxy radicals  [2]
 C08C 19/38
·  ·  ·  with hydroxy radicals  [2]
 C08C 19/40
·  ·  ·  with epoxy radicals  [2]
 C08C 19/42
·  ·  reacting with metals or metal-containing groups  [2]
 C08C 19/44
·  ·  ·  of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton  [2]