IPC Definitions - December 10, 2009
Agriculture;Forestry;Animal husbandry;Hunting;Trapping;Fishing
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Plant | Any of a kingdom (Plantae) of multicellular eukaryotic mostly photosynthetic organisms typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious nervous or sensory organs and possessing cellulose cell walls. |
Soil working in agriculture or forestry;Parts, details or accessories of agricultural machines or implements, in general
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Seat constructions | A47C |
Wheels | B60B |
Shelters for drivers | B60J |
Seats specially adapted for vehicles, arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles | B60N 2/00 |
Wheel scrapers | B60S 1/68 |
Harvesting;Mowing
This subclass covers:
Methods, apparatus or hand tools for
Hand rakes.
Forks.
Non-abrasive sharpening devices for scythes, sickles or the like.
Containers for whetstones for use during harvesting.
Machines specially adapted for binding of harvested hay, straw or similar crops in the field.
Arrangements for making or setting of stacks, used in connection with harvesting.
Vehicles specially adapted for carrying harvested crops with means for self-loading or unloading.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Combined or convertible apparatus
This subclass covers mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations (e.g. threshing) while mowing, mowers convertible to apparatus for purposes other than mowing (e.g. for sweeping snow), and mowers capable of performing operations other than mowing (e.g. soil-working). The non-mowing parts of such mowers are only covered by this subclass if they are immediately associated with the mowing parts or the mowing process. Otherwise they are covered by the places for the non-mowing operations.
This subclass covers digging harvesters (e.g. for root crops) combined with apparatus performing additional operations (e.g. topping, separating or planting) while harvesting. The non-harvesting parts of such combinations are only covered by this subclass if they are immediately associated with the harvesting parts or the harvesting process. Otherwise they are covered by the places for the non-harvesting operations.
Hand tools for soil working
This subclass covers hand tools for soil working when specially adapted for harvesting, for example of root crops. This subclass also covers rakes and forks. A01B covers hand tools for soil working in general, e.g. spades, shovels or hoes, with the exception of rakes and forks.
Binding
This subclass covers apparatus specially adapted for binding of harvested hay, straw or similar crops, with the exception of stationary apparatus or hand tools, which are covered by A01F 1/00, and binding apparatus specially adapted for baling presses, which is covered by A01F 15/14. Binding in general is covered by B65B, for example B65B 13/00 and B65B 27/12.
Shredding or pulverising
This subclass covers the shredding or pulverising of stubble or other vegetation in situ, e.g. for the purpose of producing mulch, but does not cover other mechanical destruction of unwanted vegetation, which is covered by group A01M 21/02.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Soil working tools or machines for weeding or thinning | A01B |
e.g. | A01B 1/16, A01B 39/18, A01B 41/00 |
Transplanting | A01C 11/00, A01G 23/04 |
Machines for cutting sods or turf from lawns or meadows | A01B 45/04 |
Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes, e.g. flower shears, fruit shears, secateurs or hedge shears | A01G 3/00 |
Delimbing of standing trees | A01G 3/00 |
Uprooting or felling of trees | A01G 23/02 |
Tapping of tree juices | A01G 23/10 |
Apparatus for destruction of unwanted vegetation | A01M 21/00 |
Machines that pick up mown material from the ground and bale it | A01F 15/00 |
Machines that pick up mown material from the ground and cut it, e.g. field choppers | A01F 29/01 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Agricultural soil working in general | A01B |
Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil | A01B 43/00 |
Parts, details or accessories of agricultural machines in general | A01B 51/00-A01B 76/00 |
Threshing | A01F 5/00-A01F 12/00, A01F 17/00-A01F 21/00 |
Baling of hay, straw or the like | A01F 13/00-A01F 21/00 |
Stacks for storing of harvested products | A01F 25/04 |
Cutting machines specially adapted for hay, straw or the like | A01F 29/00 |
Floral handling | A01G 5/00 |
"Harvesting" of oysters, mussels, sponges or the like | A01K 80/00 |
Treatment of harvested fruit or vegetables, not otherwise provided for, e.g. extracting juice, cleaning of vegetables or topping of onions | A23N |
Preparation of tobacco | A24B |
Making harvesting tools | B21 |
e.g. | B21D 53/68, B21D 53/72, B21H 7/08, B21H 7/10, B21K 11/08, B21K 11/14, B21K 19/00 |
Sharpening of cutting edges in general | B24B, B24D |
e.g. | B24B 3/00, B24D 15/06 |
Handles for hand implements in general | B25G |
Hand-held cutting tools in general | B26B |
Cutting in general | B26D |
Wheels | B60B |
Vehicles specially adapted for load transportation, or for transporting, carrying or comprising special loads or objects, in general | B60P |
Wheel scrapers | B60S 1/68 |
Conveyers in general | B65G |
Hoisting or lifting in general, e.g. hay hoists | B66 |
e.g. | B66C 11/24 |
Removing undesired matter from land, not otherwise provided for | E01H 15/00 |
Dredging or soil-shifting in general | E02F |
e.g. | E02F 3/28, E02F 5/28 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Combine (noun) | Harvester or mower combined with a threshing device. |
Fork | Hand tool having two or more tines that are used for lifting, digging or pitching. |
Harvest (verb) | Perform one of the methods defined in the definition statement in order to make use of the separated, mown or gathered plant material. |
Hay | Mown forage crop in a dry or partially dry state. |
Haymaking | Working on mown forage crop lying on the ground with the intention to make hay. |
Mow (verb) | Cut down grass, cereals or other standing plants. |
Thresh (verb) | Separate grains or seeds from harvested plants or plant parts (e.g. cereals, maize/corn, peas, beans or pine cones) by mechanical action (e.g. shaking, stamping, rubbing, beating or applying intermittent pressure). |
Threshing;Baling of straw, hay or the like;Stationary apparatus for forming or binding straw, hay or the like into bundles;Cutting of straw, hay or the like;Storing agricultural or horticultural produce
This subclass covers:
The scope of this subclass is composed of five separate parts, relating to the five parts of the subclass title. For ease of reference each section of these definitions is separated under five corresponding simplified headings: "Threshing", "Baling", "Bundling", "Cutting" and "Storing".
Threshing (relating to main groups A01F 5/00-A01F 12/00 and A01F 17/00-A01F 21/00):
Methods and apparatus for separating grains or seeds from harvested plants or plant parts by mechanical action.
Baling (relating to main groups A01F 13/00-A01F 21/00):
Methods and apparatus for forming bales of straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin.
Bundling (relating to main group A01F 1/00):
Stationary apparatus or hand tools for forming or binding bundles of straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin.
Cutting (relating to main groups A01F 3/00 and A01F 29/00):
Apparatus specially adapted for cutting or disintegrating straw, hay or like already harvested products of plant origin.
Storing (relating to main group A01F 25/00):
Mechanical aspects (e.g. material handling aspects) of apparatus (e.g. silos) or methods that are specially adapted for storing harvested agricultural or horticultural crops.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Threshing
Main groups A01F 5/00-A01F 12/00 and A01F 17/00-A01F 21/00 provide for threshing devices and for accessories that are directly connected with threshing. Combines, and details of combines that are not directly connected with the threshing action (e.g. mowing, feeding or vehicular features) are covered by A01D.
Baling
Main groups A01F 13/00-A01F 21/00 are application-oriented places for methods or apparatus for baling that are specially adapted for straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin. Baling of compressible fibrous material in general is provided for in B65B 27/12. Baling presses in general is provided for in B30B 9/30. Bales of material are provided for in B65D 71/00.
Bundling
Main group 1/00 is an application-oriented place for stationary apparatus or hand tools for bundling, which are specially adapted for straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin. Binding of harvested products by mobile apparatus in the field is provided for in A01D, for example in A01D 37/00, A01D 39/00 and A01D 59/00. Bundling of compressible fibrous material in general is provided for in B65B 27/12. Bundling of articles in general is provided for in B65B 13/00.
Cutting
Main groups A01F 3/00 and A01F 29/00 are application-oriented places for apparatus or methods that are specially adapted for cutting up or disintegrating straw, hay or like already harvested products of plant origin. Mowing and other cutting down of standing plants is covered by A01D and A01G. Cutting in general is covered by B26. Disintegrating in general, e.g. by rotating knives, is covered by B02C.
Storing
Main group A01F 25/00 is an application-oriented place for mechanical aspects (e.g. material handling aspects) of apparatus or methods that are specially adapted for storing harvested agricultural or horticultural crops. Containers for storage of articles or materials in general is covered by B65D. Storing and associated handling of bulk material or articles in general is covered by B65G. Civil-engineering aspects of silos or similar bulk storage containers are covered by section E, for example E04H 7/00.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Separation of grains or seeds from plants in the place where they grow | A01D |
e.g. | A01D 41/08, A01D 45/00, A01D 46/00 |
Combines | A01D 41/00, A01D 45/00, A01D 57/00, A01D 61/00-A01D 75/00 |
Field threshers with windrow pick-up apparatus | A01D 41/10 |
Pick-ups for harvested crop | A01D 89/00 |
Coring or stoning of fruit | A23N 3/00, A23N 4/00, A47J 23/00, A47J 25/00 |
Removing seed-containing sections from fruit | A23N 4/00, A23N 7/08 |
Hulling, husking or cracking of nuts | A23N 5/00, A47J 43/26 |
Arrangements for making or setting stacks | A01D 85/00 |
Pick-ups for harvested crop | A01D 89/00 |
Arrangements for making or setting stacks in connection with harvesting | A01D 85/00 |
Cutting or disintegrating in combination with mowing | A01D 43/08 |
Pick-ups for harvested crop | A01D 89/00 |
Shredding tea leaves | A23F 3/12 |
Fodder mashers for preparing animal feeding-stuff | A23N 17/02 |
Cutting tobacco | A24B 7/00 |
Spice mills | A47J 42/00 |
Arrangements for making or setting stacks, used in connection with harvesting | A01D 85/00 |
Devices for preserving flowers | A01G 5/06 |
Arrangements in barns for treatment of tobacco | A24B 1/02 |
Suspending devices for tobacco leaves | A24B 1/08 |
Cabinets for perishable goods | A47B 71/00 |
Fruit or potato storage cabinets, racks or tray for domestic use | A47B 75/00 |
Closed containers for foodstuffs | A47J 47/02 |
Drying or storing hops | C12C 3/02, C12C 3/04 |
Civil engineering aspects of bulk storage containers, e.g. silos | E04H 7/00 |
Vehicles for carrying harvested crops with bale-forming means additionally used for loading | A01D 90/08 |
Packing or pressing tobacco | A24B 1/10 |
Apparatus for binding bouquets or wreaths of flowers | A01G 5/02 |
Packing or pressing tobacco | A24B 1/10 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separating solids using pneumatic tables or jigs | B03B |
Separating solids from solids by dry methods, in general | B07B |
Hulling, husking, decorticating or removing awns otherwise than in connection with threshing | B02B 3/00 |
Conveying in general | B65G |
Forming of bundles of straw, hay or like material of plant origin | A01D 37/00, A01D 39/00, A01D 57/00-A01D 75/00, A01F 1/00 |
Loaders for bales | A01D 87/12, A01D 90/08 |
Baling of compressible fibrous material in general | B65B 27/12 |
Baling presses in general | B30B 9/30 |
Bales of material | B65D 71/00 |
Conveying in general | B65G |
Mobile binders for use while harvesting | A01D 37/00, A01D 39/00, A01D 57/00-A01D 75/00 |
Loaders for sheaves | A01D 87/12 |
Forming of bales | A01F 13/00, A01F 15/00 |
Bundling of compressible fibrous material in general | B65B 27/12 |
Bundling of articles in general | B65B 13/00 |
Mowing | A01D |
Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes, e.g. flower shears, fruit shears, secateurs or hedge shears | A01G 3/00 |
Apparatus for destruction of unwanted vegetation | A01M 21/00 |
Household implements for mashing potatoes or other foodstuff | A47J 19/04 |
Disintegrating in general | B02C |
Hand-held cutting tools | B26B |
Cutting in general | B26D |
Conveying in general | B65G |
Protecting growing plants | A01G 13/00 |
Preservation of plants or parts thereof | A01N 3/00 |
Preserving flour by storage in an inert atmosphere | A21D 4/00 |
Preservation of fruits or vegetables | A23B 7/00 |
Preservation of edible seeds | A23B 9/00 |
Preservation of edible oils or fat | A23D 7/06, A23D 9/06 |
Preservation of materials to produce animal feeding stuff | A23K 3/00 |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general | A23L 3/00 |
Containers for storage of articles or materials in general | B65D |
Storage and associated handling of bulk material or articles in general | B65G |
Conserving hops | C12C 3/04 |
Refrigerators, cold rooms, or the like | F25D |
Drying in general | F26B |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Bale (noun) | A compressed, solid package of harvested material, which is either held together by thread or webs or formed by the material itself (with or without additives) to maintain its shape. |
Bundle (noun) | A relatively loose package of harvested material, normally consisting of straws or stalks that are oriented in parallel to each other. It can either be held together by thread or webs or be formed by the material itself. |
Combine (noun) | Harvester or mower combined with a threshing device. |
Harvest (verb) | Separate useful parts from growing plants in situ, mow plants, or gather whole plants or their useful parts from the ground or from where the plants grow, with the intention to make use of the separated, mown or gathered plant material. |
Mow (verb) | Cut down grass, cereals or other standing plants. |
Threshing | Separation of grains or seeds from harvested plants or plant parts (e.g. cereals, maize/corn, peas, beans or pine cones) by mechanical action (e.g. shaking, stamping, rubbing, beating or applying intermittent pressure). |
New plants or processes for obtaining them;Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques
This subclass covers:
New plants (including multicellular algae, multicellular fungi and lichens).
Processes for modifying genotypes or phenotypes.
Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques.
Methods or apparatus for producing changes in chromosome number.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Unicellular algae | C12N 1/12 |
Fungal micro-organisms | C12N 1/14 |
Specific mutations prepared by genetic engineering on plant cell or plant tissues | C12N 15/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Influencing the growth of plants without producing new plants, non-chemically. | A01G 7/00 |
Influencing the growth of plants without producing new plants, chemically. | A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00 |
Feeding devices for stock or game
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Stock | Animals kept or raised for use or pleasure |
Watering equipment for stock or game
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Stock | Animals kept or raised for use or pleasure |
Sucking apparatus for young stock
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Stock | Animals kept or raised for use or pleasure |
Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g. as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides;Pest repellants or attractants;Plant growth regulators
This subclass covers:
Compositions, physical forms thereof, and the application or method of use of specific materials, compositions, or single compounds for the following purposes:
Compositions used to protect the wound and scions of newly grafted plants or to cover the wounds on pruned plants (i.e. grafting wax).
Chemical agents used for the sexual sterilization of invertebrates (e.g. insects).
Relationship between large subject matter areas
While substances that chemically modify a plant's metabolism are classified in A01N, compositions that affect the growth of a plant solely by supplying nutrients ordinarily required for growth, e.g. fertiliser, plant food, are classified in C05. Materials used to prevent or cure mineral deficiencies in plants, such as iron chelates used to cure iron chlorosis, are also classified in C05.
The activities (e.g. rodenticidal, herbicidal) of biocidal, pest repellent, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory preparations must also be classified in A01P, when such activities are determined to be invention information.
When biocides, pest repellents, pest attractants or plant growth regulators are compounds or contain compounds which are determined to be invention information, the compounds must also be classified in C01, C07, C08, or C12N. When these compounds are considered to be of interest for search purposes, they may also be classified in C01, C07, C08, or C12N.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus therefor | A01G 5/06 |
Preservation of food or foodstuff, e.g. pasteurizing, sterilizing | A23B, A23K 3/00, A23L 3/00 |
Preservation or chemical ripening of harvested fruits or vegetables | A23B 7/00 |
Compositions for medical, dental or toilet purposes which kill or prevent the growth or proliferation of unwanted organisms | A61K |
Sex sterilants for animals other than invertebrates | A61K |
Mixtures of pesticides with fertilisers | C05G |
Fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, disinfecting or antiseptic paper | D21H |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Plant grafting | A01G 1/06 |
Devices for preserving flowers | A01G 5/06 |
Electric or magnetic treatment of plants for promoting growth | A01G 7/04 |
Sterilising soil by steam | A01G 11/00 |
Protecting plants (e.g. protective covers; devices for generating heat, smoke or fog; devices protecting against animals) | A01G 13/00 |
Means for catching or killing insects | A01M 1/00, A01M 5/00 |
Apparatus for destroying vermin in soil or food stuffs | A01M 17/00 |
Apparatus for the destruction of vegetation | A01M 21/00 |
Scaring devices e.g. bird-scaring apparatus | A01M 29/00 |
Hunting decoys | A01M 31/06 |
Methods or apparatus for disinfection or sterilisation of materials not characterized by the agent employed | A61L 2/00, A61L 12/00 |
Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides, pesticides | C09D 5/14 |
Anti-fouling paints and underwater paints | C09D 5/16 |
C09K 17/00 | |
Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells or tissues and their cultivation and maintenance | C12N 5/00 |
Biocidal agents (e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, or insecticidal agents) which are in or on paper | D21H 21/36 |
Special rules of classification
In groups A01N 27/00-A01N 65/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place for an active ingredient.
A composition, i.e. a mixture of two or more active ingredients is classified in the last of groups A01N 27/00-A01N 65/00 that provides for at least one of these active ingredients.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by classification according to the last appropriate place of an active ingredient, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according the last appropriate place, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
Where a compound is described as existing in tautomeric forms, it is classified as if existing in the form which is classified last in the system.
Compounds that are covered by different main groups because of alternatively specified functional groups or other structural features of their formulae are classified in each relevant main group.
Salts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified as the compound providing the essential ion and is also classified as the compound providing the other ion.
Salts or metal chelates of an organic compound are classified as the compound.
In this subclass, a foodstuff is not considered to be an active ingredient.
Different materials applied in sequence, at different times, are considered to be a mixture of all materials employed.
Synergistic or potentiated compositions are classified as if the synergist or potentiator is an active ingredient.
In groups A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00, the symbol X means nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or a halogen; Y means nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. A dotted line between atoms indicates an optional bond, e.g. .... indicates one or two single bonds or a double bond.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Acaricide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying mites and ticks or making them less harmful. |
Alkali metal | One of the following elements: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr. |
Alkaline earth metal | One of the following elements: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra. |
Arthropodicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying arthropods, e.g. insects, arachnids, crustaceans or making them less harmful. |
Biocide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any living organism (e.g., plant, animal). Examples of a biocide are: acaricide, arthropodicide, fungicide, insecticide, molluscicide, rodenticide (see Synonyms and Keywords). |
Disinfectant | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating microorganisms. |
Fungicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying moulds and fungi or making them less harmful. |
Halogen | One of the following elements: F, Cl, Br, I, At. |
Heavy metal | A metal other than light metal. |
Herbicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying plant life or making it less harmful. |
Insecticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying insects or making them less harmful. |
Light metal | One of the following elements: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, Be, Al, Mg. |
Metal | An element other than non-metal. |
Molluscicide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying molluscs, e.g. snails, clams or making them less harmful. |
Non-metal | One of the following elements: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gas, halogen. |
Pesticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying any pest (e.g., insects, rodents) or making it less harmful. |
Plant | A young tree, shrub, vegetable, or flower newly planted, or intended for planting |
Plant growth regulator | Materials which alter the plant or may affect plant growth through a chemical modification of the plant metabolism, such as auxins. |
Rodenticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or destroying rodents, e.g. rats, mice or making them less harmful. |
Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application;Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals or noxious plants | A01M |
Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fumigators | A01M 13/00 |
Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Essential cooling | The cooling is an essential, i.e. indispensable characteristic of the working-up. |
Coffee;Tea;Their substitutes;Manufacture, preparation, or infusion thereof
This subclass covers:
Tea.
Tea substitutes, e.g. mate, lemon balm, rose hips.
Extracts or infusions of tea and tea substitutes.
Tea flavour, tea oil.
Methods of manufacturing, preparing and modifying tea and tea substitutes, e.g. oxidation, fermentation, removing caffeine, extraction, drying, concentrating, flavouring.
Coffee.
Coffee substitutes, e.g. grain coffee.
Extracts or infusions of coffee and coffee substitutes.
Coffee flavour, coffee oil.
Methods of manufacturing, preparing and modifying coffee and coffee substitutes, e.g. treating green coffee, roasting, grinding, removing caffeine, extraction, drying, concentrating, flavouring.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
This subclass does not cover chemical compounds, e.g. alkaloids such as caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, or their preparation as such, which subject matter is covered by classes C07 (organic chemistry) and C08 (organic macromolecular compounds).
Physical or chemical processes or apparatus in general, e.g. boiling, extraction or filtration, are covered by class B01.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Picking of tea | A01D 46/04 |
Picking of coffee | A01D 46/06 |
Synthetic tea flavours | A23L 1/226 |
Synthetic coffee flavours | A23L 1/234 |
Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee | A23N 12/00 |
Coffee mills | A47J 42/00 |
Medicinal preparations containing plant material from tea or tea substitutes or from coffee or coffee substitutes | A61K 36/00 |
e.g. | A61K 36/74, A61K 36/82, A61K 36/28 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chocolate, confectionery or ice-cream containing coffee or tea | A23G |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. freeze-drying or spray-drying | A23L |
Shaping or working of foodstuffs, not fully covered by a single other subclass, e.g. agglomerating, granulating or tabletting | A23P |
Coffee or tea pots | A47G 19/14 |
Tea infusers, e.g. egg-shaped infusers | A47G 19/16 |
Tea or coffee pot cosies | A47G 19/20 |
Apparatus for making beverages, e.g. coffee or tea | A47J 31/00 |
Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package, i.e. filling tea bags | B65B 29/02 |
Attaching, or forming and attaching, string handles or tags to tea bags | B65B 29/04 |
Disposable containers or packages with contents which are infused or dissolved in situ | B65D 85/804 |
Disposable tea bags | B65D 85/808 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Alkaloid | The stimulant xanthine drugs caffeine, theobromine and theophylline contained in coffee beans and/or tea leaves. |
Coffee | Stimulant product or beverage made from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, which come from a plant of the genus Coffea, e.g. Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora. |
Coffee substitutes | Coffee substitutes (solid or liquid) are non-coffee products normally without caffeine, used to substitute coffee while preserving its taste. Grain coffee and other substitutes can be made by roasting or decocting various organic substances. Common ingredients include acorn, barley and malt, beech nut, chicory root, corn, fig and rye. |
Decaffeination | Process of removing the alkaloid caffeine from coffee beans or tea leaves. |
Herbal tea | Any Camellia sinensis-free product or beverage prepared by hot water infusion of plant material, usually leaves but also including fruits, flowers and possibly even bark or other parts. Herbal teas are belonging to the group of tea substitutes. |
Tea | Stimulant product or beverage made from the leaves of the traditional tea plant (Camellia sinensis). |
Tea substitutes | Tea substitutes (solid or liquid) are non-tea products, i.e. not coming from the traditional tea plant (Camellia sinensis), e.g. mate (Ilex paraguariensis), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rose hips (Rosa canina), etc.; cf. herbal tea. |
In patent documents the words "Lyophilisation" and "freeze-drying" are often used as synonyms.
Protein compositions for foodstuffs;Working-up proteins for foodstuffs;Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs
This subclass covers:
Obtaining of protein compositions for foodstuffs, e.g. from meat, fish or sea animals, blood, eggs, hair, cereals, leguminous or other vegetable seeds, waste water, yeasts or milk.
Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites.
Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs, e.g. by texturising using freezing, extrusion, expansion, coagulation from or in a bath; by hydrolysis using chemical agents or enzymes.
Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs, e.g. lecithin.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Phosphatides in oils or fats are classified in C11B.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Treatment of flour or dough by adding proteins before or during baking | A21D 2/26 |
Dairy products, e.g. milk, butter, cheese; Milk or cheese substitutes; Making thereof | A23C 9/00, A23C 11/00, A23C 17/00-A23C 23/00 |
Cocoa products | A23G 1/44 |
Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan | A23G 3/44 |
Chewing gum | A23G 4/14 |
Frozen sweets containing peptides or proteins | A23G 9/38 |
Food or foodstuffs containing proteins as gelling or thickening agents | A23L 1/0562 |
Dietetic products containing proteins as additive | A23L 1/305 |
Proteins as adding ingredients for non-alcoholic beverages | A23L 2/66 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Animal feeding-stuff | A23K 1/00 |
Protein compositions or phosphatide compositions for pharmaceuticals or cosmetics | A61K 8/64, A61K 9/38, A61K 9/64 |
Phosphatides per se | C07F |
General processes for the preparation of peptides | C07K 1/00 |
Peptides e.g. oligopeptides, proteins | C07K 4/00, C07K 14/00 |
Immunoglobulins | C07K 16/00 |
Carrier-bound or immobilised peptides and preparation thereof | C07K 17/00 |
Hybridpeptides | C07K 19/00 |
Macromolecular materials from blood | C08H |
Preparation of glue | C09H |
Gelatin not for foodstuffs | C09H 1/00-C09H 9/04 |
Analysis of food | G01N 33/02 |
Enzymes and preparation thereof | C12N 9/00 |
Preparation of peptides or proteins using fermentation or enzymes | C12P 21/00 |
Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing or foam-producing agents | B01F 17/30 |
Special rules of classification
In groups A23J 3/04-A23J 3/20, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
Subject matter classified in groups A23J 3/22-A23J 3/30 is also classified in groups A23J 3/04-A23J 3/20 if the nature of the protein is of interest.
Animal feeding-stuffs
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Detoxicating or removing bitter tastes from seeds, e.g. lupin seeds for fodder or food | A23L 1/211 |
Animal feeding-stuffs from blood
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Proteins from blood | A23J 1/06 |
Animal feeding-stuffs from vegetable materials, e.g. potatoes or roots without ensilaging
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preserving food | A23B, A23L |
Animal feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Milk Substitutes | A23C 11/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Silos | E04H |
Foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages, not covered by subclasses A21D or A23B to A23J;Their preparation or treatment, e.g. cooking, modification of nutritive qualities, physical treatment;Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
This subclass covers:
Any foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages that are not covered by the following subclasses:
Examples of foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages covered by this subclass are:
Preparation or treatment of the above foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages provided for in this subclass, including:
Modification of such foods or beverages to change their nutritional content for dietary reasons, and these modified foods or beverages per se.
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general, e.g. by pasteurising, sterilising, heating, freezing, drying, pressurising, irradiation or treatment with chemicals, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
In relation to foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages per se, and in relation to their preparation and treatment including physical treatment, this subclass is residual to subclasses A21D, A23B, A23C, A23D, A23F, A23G or A23J. These subclasses relate to flour or dough (A21D), dairy products (A23C), edible oils or fats (A23D), coffee, tea or their substitutes (A23F), cocoa, chocolate, confectionery or ice-cream (A23G) and protein compositions (A23J).
In relation to preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general, this subclass is the primary home for this subject-matter. However, preservation subject matter specifically adapted for certain foods can also be found in any of the above subclasses. For example, preservation of flour or dough or bakery products is subject-matter for subclass A21D, and preservation of meat, fish, eggs, fruit, vegetables and edible seeds e.g. cereals is subject matter for subclass A23B. Preservation of milk or milk preparations is subject matter for subclass A23C.
In relation to preservation, deciding between this subclass and the other subclasses listed above is generally a matter of function or application (see Guide Paragraphs 85-87). Where the particular preservation technology is the main point of interest classification is made in this subclass, and where the application to particular foodstuffs is the main interest classification is made in the subclasses listed above. Some double-classification is evident.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apiculture | A01K 47/00-A01K 59/00 |
Coffee whitener compositions | A23C 11/00 |
Animal foods or fodder | A23K |
Treating harvested fruit or vegetables in bulk | A23N |
Machines or apparatus for extracting juice | A23N 1/00, A47J 19/00 |
Shaping or working of foodstuffs not fully covered by this or a single other subclass | A23P |
Apparatus for baking, roasting, grilling or frying | A47J 37/00 |
Preserving foods or foodstuffs in association with packaging | B65B 55/00 |
Packages for foodstuffs with provision for absorbing fluids | B65D 81/26 |
Essential oils in general | C11B 9/00 |
Preparation of malt for brewing | C12C |
Preservation of alcoholic beverages | C12H |
Preparation of non-alcoholic beverages by removal of alcohol | C12H 3/00 |
Edible extracts or preparations for medicinal purposes | A61K |
See above. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Emulsifiers in general | B01F 17/00 |
Purifying water | C02F |
Devices for drying foodstuffs | F26B |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Food | In addition to the commonly accepted foods or foodstuffs, the term in this subclass also extends to cover less traditional items such as thickening agents (e.g. starch), flavouring agents, artificial sweeteners, food colouring agents, etc. |
Natural spices, flavouring agents, or condiments from fruit
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Essential oil | A concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds from plants |
Reducing nutritive value;Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Nutritive value | The nutritive value represents the energetic or calorific content of nutrition |
Buttons, pins, buckles, slide fasteners, or the like
This subclass covers:
The following fasteners or their essential parts:
Making slide fasteners, touch-and-close fasteners (e.g. VELCRO®, hook-and-loop, barb-and-pile fabrics), and other fasteners of this subclass.
Accessories or ancillary devices for the fasteners of this subclass when they are used exclusively with one of the varieties of fasteners (e.g. button cards) or have their operations either influencing or being influenced by the operation of the fastener (e.g. slide fastener pulling cords).
The following additional devices associated with either the fasteners of this class or accoutrements, garments, and haberdashery:
Note
The only "other types" of fasteners appropriate for this subclass are those that are capable of use with or actually used with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery. Therefore, it must be either a commonly known practice to use a particular type of fastener with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery (e.g., snap fasteners) or the patent documents for a particular type of fastener must frequently disclose their use with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery. However, it is not required that all, or even the majority, of the fasteners covered by a particular category of fastener be specially adapted for use, or disclose their intended use, with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Fasteners per se that either (a) require a tool for completing their normal fastening (e.g. screws, nails, stitches) or (b) are destroyed or destructively deformed to fasten or unfasten (e.g. staples, rivets) are excluded from A44B. These fasteners per se
However, when F16B types of fasteners or other tool driven or deformed fasteners are used to mount fasteners or fastener components appropriate for A44B, and are attached to or cooperate with at least one of their components, they are properly classified within A44B as an additional feature of the fasteners with which they are utilized.
Fasteners appropriately classified within A44B are often broadly claimed or disclosed in combination with the structure they secure or fasten. If the detail of the structure they secure or fasten specifies only the portion of the structure (e.g. dress belt tip or holes) necessary for either completing the fastening operation or mounting the fastening means, the combinations are proper for A44B.
If the details of the accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery being secured are more than that needed to complete the fastening operation or mount the fastener, then the combination is appropriate for the accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery subclasses (e.g. A41D, A41F).
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Fastening devices specially adapted for specific types of garments | A41F |
Buttonholes or eyelets for buttonholes | A41F 1/02 |
Corset fasteners | A41F 1/04 |
Glove fasteners | A41F 1/06 |
Garter fasteners | A41F 1/08 |
Belts, girdles, or waistbands for trousers or skirts | A41F 9/00 |
Thumbtacks | B43M 15/00 |
Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together | F16B |
Hand-manipulated hooks or eyes (e.g. swivel hook for dog leash) | F16B 45/00 |
Appliances or methods for marking-out, perforating, or making buttonholes | A41H 25/00 |
Appliances or methods for setting fasteners on garments | A41H 37/00 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make haberdashery | B21D 53/46 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make buttons | B21D 53/48 |
Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make metal slide fasteners parts | B21D 53/50 |
Wire-working to produce devices for fastening (e.g. slide fastener elements, buttons) | B21F 45/16 |
Pressure or injection die casting of slide fasteners and slide fastener parts | B22D 17/16 |
Producing slide fastener elements from plastic or other substances in a plastic state | B29D 5/00 |
Producing buttons or semi-finished button parts from plastic or other substances in a plastic state | B29D 19/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For garments in general | A41D |
For protective aprons having fastening devices | A41D 13/04 |
For neckties having fastening or holding devices associated with the knot or collar | A41D 25/00 |
For hats having fastening devices | A42B 1/00 |
For head covering fastening means other than hatpins | A42B 7/00 |
For laces in general and for footwear having fastening devices | A43C |
For machines, tools, equipment, or methods for setting fasteners on footwear | A43D 100/00 |
For brooches or clips having decorative or ornamental aspects | A44C 1/00 |
For medals or badges having pin fastening devices | A44C 3/00 |
For hair-holding devices | A45D 8/00 |
For work bench type holding clamps | B25B 5/00 |
For paper clips or like paper fasteners for temporarily attaching sheets together | B42F 1/02 |
For elements specially adapted for fastening, fixing, or finishing upholstery | B68G 7/12 |
For sewing apparatus or machines with mechanism for lateral movement of the needle or the work or both for making ornamental pattern seams, for sewing buttonholes, for reinforcing openings, or for fastening articles (e.g. buttons) by sewing | D05B 3/00 |
For sewing needles | D05B 85/00 |
For hand operated latches or bolts for doors or windows (e.g., door hooks) | E05C |
Special rules of classification
Decorative mock-fastening devices that do not function as fasteners (e.g. ornamental buttons on coats, fake zippers on clothing), but that look like the fasteners or one of their essential parts covered by A44B, are classified within the main groups of this subclass that provide for the fasteners they are intended to resemble.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Button | A hand manipulated fastener that includes a rigid or semirigid portion (i.e. button) which is attached (e.g. sewn) to the structure it is intended to fasten or secure (e.g. clothing) in a manner that allows its reorientation by either movement about its attachment or movement of the structure it secures. A button is intended to be used with a complementary opening having a flaccid portion (e.g. buttonholes, looped cords) that forms the second essential part of the fastener. |
Buckle | A hand manipulated fastener including engaging or holding means and structure for guiding during fastening, which can selectively hold a cooperating strap or belt that is either the structure secured (e.g. end of a dress belt) or a second portion of the fastener (e.g. securing strap of a backpack flap). |
Pin | A hand manipulated fastener that includes both (1) a portion specifically shaped (e.g. pointed) to facilitate impaling of and penetration into the structure fastened or secured and (2) a remaining portion (e.g. head) intended to be manually pushed on that does not penetrate the structure fastened or secured. |
Slide fastener | A hand manipulated fastener that includes (1) two, opposed, elongated, configured surfaces that are each attached by mounting means to a secured structure and are intended to directly contact and interlock with each other when fastened and (2) a sliding device that is much shorter in length than the surfaces and which travels along their length to forcibly shift them into or out of interlocking engagement. |
In patent documents the words slide fastener and zipper are often used as synonyms.
In patent documents the words cufflink and sleeve-link are often used as synonyms.
Walking sticks;Umbrellas;Ladies' or like fans
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tables with means for holding umbrellas | A47B 37/04 |
Hairdressing or shaving equipment;Manicuring or other cosmetic treatment
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For applying therapeutic or disinfecting substances A61M, e.g. | A61M 35/00 |
Containers in general | B65D |
Tables;Desks;Office furniture;Cabinets;Drawers;General details of furniture
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Storing articles in warehouses or magazines | B65G 1/00 |
Built-in cupboards as part of a building | E04F 19/08 |
Step-stools | A47C 12/00 |
Furniture joints | F16B |
Domestic washing or cleaning;Suction cleaners in general
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Pneumatically taking-up undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces | E01H 1/08 |
Diagnosis;Surgery;Identification
This subclass covers:
Apparatus, instruments, implements, or processes that are either specially adapted or intended to be solely utilized for evaluating, examining, measuring, monitoring, studying, or testing particular characteristics and aspects of either living or dead human and animal bodies for medical purposes (i.e., diagnosis). Diagnosis consists of scrutinizing the following characteristics or aspects of bodies:
Apparatus, instruments, implements, or processes that are either specially adapted or intended to be solely utilized for medical procedures employing physical actions (e.g., laser cutting, pressure of fluid) on portions of human or animal bodies to correct, enhance, or inspect (e.g., autopsies) them for medical purposes (i.e., surgery). Surgery consists of the following medical procedures:
Apparatus, instruments, implements, or processes that are either specially adapted or intended to be solely utilized in procedures for identifying individual human beings (e.g., finger printing, by recognition of shape or dimension of body part) using unique characteristics of their bodies (i.e. identification).
Adjunct or supplementary means specially adapted for use in, or intended for exclusive use in, diagnosis, surgery, or identification. These adjunct or supplementary means contribute to the effectiveness (e.g., surgical drapes) or safety (e.g., operating gloves) of a medical procedure, but may or may not (e.g., protective covers for scalpels) themselves involve any direct contact with a body.
Components of diagnosis, surgery, or identification means with structural features limiting their usefulness to medical procedures.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Several subclasses provide for subject matter that is used for 'diagnosis'. The relationship between these subclasses with regard to the type of 'diagnosis' covered by each is as follows:
Subclass A61B provides for diagnosis in general.
A61B also provides for any surgical or identification apparatus or methods when
A61B additionally provides for any diagnostic apparatus or methods combined with therapy apparatus or method normally covered by subclass A61H or A61N when
Subclass A61H provides for diagnostic means or steps that are combined with massage and physical therapy apparatus or methods used for the treatment of disease or disability (i.e., an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy; when the diagnostic means or step is used solely for operational feedback purposes to enhance therapy.
Subclass A61N provides for diagnostic means or steps that are combined with medical treatment therapy apparatus or methods used for the treatment of disease or disability by utilization of forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy; when the means or step is used solely for operational feedback purposes to enhance therapy.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Tools or instruments for operating on the mouth portion of a human being (e.g., tooth saws) | A61C 3/00 |
Saliva removers combined with instruments for opening or keeping open the mouth (e.g., mouth props, tongue guards, tongue depressors, cheek spreaders) | A61C 17/10 |
Medical instruments, implements, tools, or methods specially adapted so as to limit their usefulness to only animals | A61D |
Methods or devices for treatment of eyes, putting in contact lenses, eye surgery, or correcting squinting | A61F 9/00 |
Ear surgery | A61F 11/00 |
Physical therapy apparatus that includes diagnostic feedback means for influencing operation | A61H |
Syringes and suction, pumping or atomizing devices for medical use (e.g. cups, breast relievers, irrigators, sprays, powder insufflators, atomizers, inhalers), apparatus for general or local anesthetics, devices or methods for causing a change in the state of consciousness, catheters, dilators, and apparatus for introducing medicines into the body other than orally | A61M |
Non-surgical treatment of medical conditions or physical injuries by utilization of forms of energy not directly generated by mechanical apparatus, devices, or means that includes diagnostic feedback means for influencing its operation | A61N |
Clinical thermometers for measuring the temperature of body parts | G01K 5/00 |
Methods or arrangements for reading or recognizing patterns, e.g. fingerprints | G06K 9/00 |
Recognizing, identifying, or verifying the identity of human beings by analyzing their voice or speech | G10L 17/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Operating tables and auxiliary devices for these tables | A61G 13/00 |
Operating chairs | A61G 15/00 |
Apparatus for artificial respiration or heart stimulation | A61H 31/00 |
Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes | A61J 1/00 |
Devices for administering medicines orally | A61J 7/00 |
Materials for surgical sutures or for ligaturing blood vessels | A61L 17/00 |
Surgical adhesives or cements and adhesives for colostomy devices | A61L 24/00 |
Materials for colostomy devices | A61L 28/00 |
Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro organisms | C12Q 1/00 |
Analyzing samples of biological material | G01N |
Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves and viewing such records by using optical means | G03B 42/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mouth openers for animals | A61D 15/00 |
Apparatus for testing the eyes;Instruments for examining the eyes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices for treatment of the eyes | A61F 9/00 |
Exercisers for the eyes | A61H 5/00 |
Optical systems in general | G02B |
Trial frames;Sets of lenses for use therewith
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lenses per se | G02C 7/02 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Contact lenses per se | G02C 7/04 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solid probes | A61M 23/00 |
Catheters | A61M 25/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electric stethoscopes | A61B 7/04 |
Measuring bioelectric signals of the body or parts thereof
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrically conductive preparations for use in therapy or testing in vivo | A61K 50/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance, in general | G01R 33/20 |
Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring aids for tailors | A41H 1/00 |
Ergometry;Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring of work or force, in general | G01L |
Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
X-ray contrast preparations | A61K 49/04 |
Preparations containing radioactive substances | A61K 51/00 |
X-ray photographic processes | G03C 5/16 |
X-ray apparatus or circuits therefor | H05G 1/00 |
Irradiation devices | G21K |
Radiation therapy per se | A61N 5/00 |
Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes;Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Stereoscopic photography | G03B 35/00 |
Computerised tomographs
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Data processing equipment for medical or biological purposes | G06F 17/00,G06F 19/00 |
Application or adaptation of safety means
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Protection against dangerous radiation in general | G21F |
Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. acoustic imaging | G01S 15/00 |
Measuring blood flow
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring volume flow in general | G01F, G01F 1/66, G01F 1/72 |
Measuring speed of fluids in general | G01P 5/00 |
Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis;Sex determination;Ovulation-period determination;Throat striking implements
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Vaccination prophylaxis, vaccination therapy | A61B 17/20 |
Menstruation tables | G06C 3/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drainage appliances for wounds | A61M 27/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Suture materials | A61L 17/00 |
Needles;Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Nerve needles for teeth | A61C 5/02 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Containers, packaging elements or packages specially adapted for particular articles or with special means for dispensing contents | B65D 83/00, B65D 85/00 |
Insert title tags here...
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Specially adapted for vas deferens or fallopian tubes | A61F 6/20 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Materials for ligaturing blood vessels | A61L 17/00 |
Insert title tags here...
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
For measuring blood pressure | A61B 5/022 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Inflatable pressure pads | A61F 5/34 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Diagnosis by vaccination | A61B 10/00 |
Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body;Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones;For invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations;For removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
For biopsy | A61B 10/02 |
Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods | A61B 17/42 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ultrasound therapy | A61N 7/00 |
Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Specially adapted for use with animals | A61D 19/00 |
Embryotomes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For animals | A61D 1/10 |
Instruments, other than pincettes or toothpicks, for removing foreign bodies from the human body
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Locating otherwise | A61B 5/06 |
Locating by radiation | A61B 6/00 |
Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints;Devices specially adapted therefor
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints | A61F 5/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | A61F 13/00 |
Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrically conductive preparations for use in therapy or testing in vivo, e.g conductive adhesives or gels to be used with electrodes | A61K 50/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hyperthermia using electric or magnetic fields, radiation or ultrasound | A61N |
Dentistry;Oral or dental hygiene
This subclass covers:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes that are specially adapted for, or limited to use in, creating artificial teeth, mounting artificial teeth, supporting artificial teeth, or repairing artificial teeth or their supports (e.g. denture articulators), and wherein the dental prostheses made or fixed by the apparatus or process are used exclusively for humans or both humans and animals.
Apparatus or methods utilized to prevent, discourage, or cure oral diseases (i.e. diseases occurring exclusively within the oral cavity such as enamel caries or periodontitis) in humans or both humans and animals.
Apparatus, devices, or methods used for one or more of the following:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes that are specially adapted for, or limited to use in, the treatment, reconstruction, removal, insertion, replacement, repair, transfixing or testing of either natural teeth, artificial teeth that are permanently affixed within the oral cavity, gums, or other portions of the oral cavity having an effect on their operation (e.g. portions of jawbone supporting teeth), and wherein the apparatus or processes are used exclusively for humans or both humans and animals.
Apparatus, devices, or methods used for
Dental prostheses devices or artificial dental implant devices per se or their components (e.g. artificial teeth, mounting or attaching means for artificial teeth, devices for supplementing jawbones, crowns) used within the oral cavity.
Dental implants formed from biological material or consisting of oral cavity parts originating either from a donor source or from the patient that are intended to be introduced, or reintroduced, into the patient's oral cavity to correct a dental or oral hygiene problem (e.g. modified natural teeth or jawbone material from a donor).
Adjunct, auxiliary, or supplementary means or structures that contribute to the effectiveness or safety of dental procedures or their products and are specially adapted to be used either:
Specially adapted components of apparatus having structural features limiting them to use with at least one of the dental apparatus types specified above (e.g. dust collectors, illumination devices).
Accessories specially adapted for use with at least one of the above types of apparatus, means, or structures (e.g. devices for measuring the length of the root canal of a tooth).
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Subclass A61C (this subclass) provides for devices used by others to clean an individual's teeth. It also provides for devices used by individuals upon their own teeth to remove foreign matter from the surface of their teeth or enhance the appearance of their teeth when the device is not specifically provided for elsewhere.
Subclass A46B covers manually moved or powered brushes, and in particular toothbrushes, used for cleaning that are not specifically provided for elsewhere. It also covers arrangements of brush bristles per se and the handle structure for brushes.
Subclass A61D covers devices used by individuals to remove foreign matter from the surface of the teeth of animals or enhance the appearance of the teeth of animals when the device is not specifically provided for elsewhere and is limited to use solely on animals.
Subclass A61K covers preparations that are used for medical, dental, or cosmetic purposes in the oral cavity.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Manual toothbrushes | A46B |
Positioning or arrangements of toothbrush bristles per se for manual or powered toothbrushes | A46B 9/04 |
Instruments for depressing the tongue | A61B 13/00 |
Tongue scrapers | A61B 17/24 |
Dental apparatus and methods peculiar to animals | A61D 5/00 |
Preparations used in dentistry for purposes other than cleaning | A61K 6/00 |
Preparations used for cosmetic cleaning of teeth or mouth | A61K 8/00 |
Dental or operating chairs | A61G 15/00 |
Dental work stands | A61G 15/14 |
Dental hypodermic syringes | A61M 5/178 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Non-dental implants or prostheses | A61F |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Oral cavity | The part of human or animal mouth that includes the inside lining of the lips and cheeks (buccal mucosa), the teeth or their artificial permanently affixed replacements, the gums, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth below the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate), and the area immediately behind the wisdom teeth (retromolar trigone). |
Flexible shafts;Clutches or the like
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Flexible shafts in general | F16C |
Clutches in general | F16D |
Artificial teeth;Making same
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Kilns for artificial teeth | F27B |
Fastening prostheses in the mouth
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bases for prostheses | A61C 13/01 |
Tools not otherwise provided for, for use in connection with dental prostheses or the making thereof
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Implanting tools | A61C 8/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mouth opening devices per se | A61B 1/24 |
Tongue depressors per se | A61B 13/00 |
Veterinary instruments, implements, tools, or methods
This subclass covers:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for enhancing or controlling the breeding of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals (e.g. artificial vaginas, uterus disinfecting means), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals.
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes limited to use in the treatment, reconstruction, removal or replacement of the teeth, gums, or other parts within the mouth of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals for medical purposes (i.e. dentistry), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for dental procedures.
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for introducing medication (e.g. vaccines) or other material having an effect on bodily functions (e.g. seminal fluids, euthanasia poisons, stimulants) into or onto the bodies of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals, wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for medical purposes.
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for medical procedures that employ physical actions on portions of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animal bodies to correct, enhance, inspect, or treat them (i.e. surgery), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for medical procedures. Animal surgery consists of the following medical procedures:
Apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes for evaluating, examining, measuring, monitoring, studying, or testing particular characteristics and aspects of the bodies of companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals (i.e. diagnosis), wherein the apparatus or processes are specially adapted to be only usable with animals and for medical purposes. Animal diagnosis consists of scrutinizing the following characteristics or aspects of animal bodies:
Implements, devices, or materials that are:
Adjunct, auxiliary, or supplementary structures or means (e.g. operating tables, clean rooms) that are specially adapted to be only usable with companion, domesticated, exotic, or wild animals during their diagnosis, dentistry, surgery, or for other medical purposes. These adjunct, auxiliary, or supplementary structures or means contribute to the effectiveness (e.g. washing devices) or safety (e.g. handling gloves, mouth openers) of medical procedures, but may or may not themselves involve direct contact with the animal's body (e.g. thermometer holder).
Specially adapted components of apparatus having structural features limiting them to use with diagnostic, dental, or surgical apparatus for animals.
Accessories specially adapted for use with the above types of apparatus, means, or structures.
All other types of apparatus (i.e. instruments, implements, machines, structures, tools) or processes that are not specifically provided for in another subclass which are
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Embodiments of apparatus, instruments, implements, structures, tools, or processes that are used on both humans and animals (i.e. have a more general utility) for maintaining their health or for other medical purposes are classified in another subclass based on their human usage and not in subclass A61D.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus or methods normally used by non-medical personnel in the care of animals to maintain their health e.g. animal husbandry | A01K |
Animal feed bags | A01K 5/00 |
A01K 9/00 | |
Animal dehorners | A01K 17/00 |
Apparatus to help wean animals | A01K 19/00 |
Devices for assisting or preventing mating | A01K 21/00 |
Animal feeding-stuffs with antibiotics | A23K 1/17 |
Mouth openers for use on humans and animals | A61B 1/24 |
Trocars or cannulas for teats
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Milking catheters | A01J 3/00 |
Appliances for supporting or fettering animals for operative purposes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus for fettering animals to be slaughtered | A22B 1/00 |
Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Syringes | A61M |
Bandages, poultices, compresses specially adapted to veterinary purposes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fetlock-joint protecting rings | A01K 13/00 |
Washing devices or gaseous curative baths specially adapted to veterinary purposes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Accessories for milking machines for treating of udders or teats | A01J 7/04 |
Mouth openers
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fetlock-joint protecting rings or devices to prevent crib-biting | A01K 13/00 |
Filters implantable into blood vessels;Prostheses;Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents;Orthopaedic, nursing or contraceptive devices;Fomentation;Treatment or protection of eyes or ears;Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads;First-aid kits
This subclass covers:
Apparatus, devices or methods for physically correcting or altering the body of patients or disabled persons that are directly and for prolonged periods of time (i.e. not just during acute exceptional circumstances) used on or in the body of the patient or the disabled person:
Methods or devices (e.g. head or eye-gaze-direction actuated control devices, oral communication actuated control devices) for enabling patients or disabled persons to operate independent apparatus or machines (i.e. apparatus such as room lights or doors that is not a part of, or used in conjunction with the functioning of, artificial or natural parts of their body) without the application of direct force from the part of the human body that would normally be used by individuals for controlling operation of the independent apparatus or machine such as a hand, foot or their artificial equivalents.
Contraceptive devices for males (e.g. condoms, vas deferens occluders) or females (e.g. pessaries, intra-uterine type, fallopian occluders).
Devices for medical or hygienic care of living individuals that are worn by the individual or directly contact the body of the individual during their care:
Heating or cooling devices for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body and for body cavities, e.g. compresses, warming pads, pans or mats, hot water bottles, ice bags.
Protective devices for the eyes, e.g. goggles, eye-masks worn to prevent particulates or chemicals from striking the eyes.
Devices for inserting contact lenses.
Protective devices for the ears, e.g. ear plugs or earmuffs.
Auxiliary appliances for wound dressings; dispensing containers for dressings or bandages; packages or wrapping arrangements for used pads, e.g. for disposal.
Containers having various emergency medical supplies such as bandages, simple medical tools, and medicines (i.e. first-aid kits) that are intended to be used for administering initial treatment to injured or sick individuals.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
If an apparatus, method, device, or material is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61F. Similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61F that are usable exclusively for animals or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A61D.
Surgical apparatus or processes in general are covered by subclass A61B.
Subclass A61H provides for massage, chiropractic, or physical therapy apparatus or processes used for the treatment of disease, injuries or disability (i.e. an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy.
Chemical and material aspects of prostheses, structures inserted into tubular structures of human bodies, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles are covered by subclass A61L.
With regard to human organs and their parts, the exact distinction between the artificial devices implantable into human bodies that are proper for subclass A61F and those proper for subclass A61M is somewhat imprecise. Therefore, for analogous situations that are not specifically covered by existing groups of these subclasses, the following listings are intended to provide guidance.
Subclass A61F provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: hollow or tubular parts of organs (e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi, heart valves and blood vessels, bile ducts), structural supporting or maintaining devices for such parts (e.g. stents), artificial eyes and artificial ears.
Subclass A61M provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hearts (based on catchword index), artificial livers, artificial lungs, artificial pancreas, artificial kidneys and catheters in general.
Devices for introducing media into or onto the body, devices for taking media from the body are also covered by subclass A61M.
Spectacles, sunglasses, contact lenses or goggles insofar as they have the features of vision correction or protection against high levels of visible and ultraviolet light are covered by subclass G02C.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Brassieres | A41C 3/00 |
Cosmetic articles, e.g. wigs, hair pieces | A41G |
Caps with means for protecting the eyes or the ears | A42B 1/06 |
Ordinary arch supports for shoes | A43B 7/14 |
Artificial nails | A45D 31/00 |
Heating or cooling means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses | A47C 21/00 |
Surgical instruments | A61B 17/00 |
Devices for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed | A61B 17/03 |
Dental prostheses | A61C 13/00 |
Chiropractic methods or devices | A61H 1/00 |
Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk | A61H 3/00 |
Massage of the genitals | A61H 19/00 |
Chemical aspects of contraception | A61K |
Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | A61L 15/00, A61L 26/00 |
Adhesives for costolomy devices | A61L 24/00 |
Surgical adhesives or cements | A61L 24/00 |
Materials for prostheses | A61L 27/00 |
Materials for costolomy devices | A61L 28/00 |
Artificial hearts, kidneys | A61M 1/00 |
Irrigators | A61M 3/02 |
Drainage appliances for wounds | A61M 27/00 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
Valves specially adapted for medical use | A61M 39/00 |
Making artificial eyes from organic plastic material | B29C, B29D 11/02 |
Arm rests for use as writing aids | B43L 15/00 |
Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves to tyres or rims | B60C 29/00 |
Safety devices for welding in general | F16P 1/06 |
Removable contact lenses | G02C 7/04 |
Sunglasses or goggles having the same features as spectacles | G02C |
Electric heating elements | H05B |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Undergarments | A41B 9/00 |
Baby linen | A41B 13/00 |
Corsets or girdles | A41C 1/00 |
Surgical drapes | A61B 19/08 |
Transdermal drug delivery patches | A61K 9/70 |
Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body | A63B 23/00 |
Goggles for swimming | A63B 33/00 |
Diving masks | B63C 11/12 |
Materials for prostheses | A61L 27/00 |
Balloon catheters | A61M 25/10 |
Dilators | A61M 29/00 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Absorbent articles | Articles adapted to absorb liquid excreted by the body. |
Dilator | A (surgical) device or instrument used to dilate, distend, enlarge, expand, stretch an opening, organ, passage, tube, canal or cavity of a human or animal body (e.g. urethrotomy, tracheotomy, nasal, anal or cervix (Hegar's dilator) or vaginal dilation, bougienage, percutaneous dilation of tissues (Byrd dilator), whereas stents are not dilators but prostheses for providing patency, or preventing collapsing of tubular structures of the body. |
Disabled person | A human being that is unable to do certain basic physical tasks (e.g. walking) due to a physical or mental impairment/condition. |
Patient | A human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g. testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g. doctors, dentists, midwives, chiropractors), or (b) physical tending (e.g. feeding) by care giver (e.g. hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment. |
Stent | Balloon- or self-expandable tubular device for use in the treatment of duct-like organs typified for example by a blood vessel, biliary tract, urinary tract, digestive tract, and the like providing patency. |
Stent graft | Stent with a tubular member made of a synthetic resin affixed to the inside or outside of the stent. |
In patent documents the expression "device for fluid management" is often used with the meaning of incontinence article.
Orthopaedic corsets
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Arm-rests for use as writing aids | B43L 15/00 |
Pressure pads filled with air or liquid
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electric heating elements | H05B |
Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes;Devices for putting in contact-lenses;Devices to correct squinting;Apparatus to guide the blind;Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk | A61H 3/00 |
Transport, personal conveyances, or accommodation specially adapted for patients or disabled persons;Operating tables or chairs;Chairs for dentistry;Funeral devices
This subclass covers:
Specially adapted vehicles (e.g., ambulances), handling apparatus (e.g., wheelchair lifts), or methods or devices (e.g., stretchers) for moving patients or disabled persons who are passive participants in their relocation (e.g., the persons are handled in a manner similar to loads).
Specially adapted structures (e.g., hospital or treatment rooms for medical purposes, baby incubators) or devices (e.g., bedpans, hospital beds, trapeze or pull-up bars) used
Specially adapted supporting surfaces for sustaining patients in a recumbent or seated position during recovery, surgery, dental work, or similar types of medical treatment.
Auxiliary appliances (e.g., trolleys for medicine) or accessories (e.g., prescription list) specially adapted for use with the other invention information covered by this subclass.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
A61G does not cover apparatus or methods that are directly used on an individual's body to perform medical care and therapy or to alter it after death. The types of medical care, therapy, and body alterations not covered by A61G consist of:
Subclasses A01N, A61B, A61C, A61F, A61H, A61K, A61M, A61N, and F23G provide appropriately for apparatus or methods for medical care, therapy, or body alterations of these types. The specific classifications that are of interest for search purposes are specified in the references of A61G or its groups.
However, A61G does provide for specific structural modifications that merely facilitate the use of apparatus or methods of these types for medical care or therapy when in combination with subject matter that is otherwise appropriate for this subclass (e.g., special supports for patients with burns).
A61G also provides for life supporting or sustaining devices that control the local environment during treatment or recovery of patients (e.g., baby incubators).
A61G covers personal conveyances and "vehicle-like" conveyances (e.g., wheelchairs, stretchers) that are explicitly designed for use by only a single patient or disabled person and intended to normally travel relatively short distances along the ground or similar support surface (e.g., hallway).
The subclass for a specific type of standard roadway vehicle (i.e., vehicles designed and intended for general thoroughfare usage over long distances, such as B62K for cycles) covers their vehicles that have been specially adapted for use by a disabled operator.
The subclass for a specific type of "special-utility" vehicle (i.e., vehicles that have another primary purpose other than transport, such as riding lawn mowers or forklifts) covers their vehicles that have been specially adapted for use by a disabled operator.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Devices per se for enabling disabled persons to operate an apparatus or device not forming part of the body | A61F4/00 |
Restraining devices for the body or for body parts and restraining shirts that are used for non-surgical treatment of patients' bones or joints | A61F 5/37 |
Equipment for beds, treatment tables, floor frames or the like for extending or stretching | A61F 5/045 |
Appliances for aiding invalids to walk about | A61H3/00 |
Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes | A61H 33/00 |
For bicycles specially adapted for disabled riders | B62K 3/16 |
Inclined lifts associated with stairways for transporting disabled persons or wheelchairs | B66B 9/08 |
Illumination of operating tables | F21L, F21S, F21V |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For preserving of the dead bodies of humans, animals, or the parts thereof | A01N1/00 |
For sanitary equipment not otherwise provided for | A47K |
For body washing or cleaning implements | A47K7/00 |
For sanitary closets or urinals without flushing and chamber pots | A47K11/00 |
For appliances for supporting or fettering animals during operations | A61D3/00 |
For vehicles adapted to transport meat | B60P3/05 |
For vehicles adapted to transport refrigerated goods | B60P3/20 |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Disabled person | a human being that is unable to do a basic physical task (e.g., walking) due to a physical or mental impairment/condition. |
Funeral device | apparatus associated with (e.g., coffin) or for performing (e.g., casket lowering device) activities connected with the burial, cremation, entombment, or other methods of honoring or disposing of (e.g., freeze drying) the remains of the body of a deceased individual. |
Patient | a human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g., testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g., doctors, dentists, midwifes, chiropractors) or (b) physical tending (e.g., feeding) by caretakers (e.g., hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment. |
Personal conveyance | a vehicle-like device (e.g., wheelchairs) that is: not specifically adapted for traveling significant distances (e.g., between cities) along thoroughfares (e.g., railways, roads, sidewalks) with normal traffic (e.g., trucks), explicitly designed (i.e., not merely adaptations of a standard production vehicle) for carrying, and intended to be limited to use by, a single patient or disabled person at any given time, and potentially capable of having either its movement controlled or powered by the patient or disabled person carried by it. |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices in general for lifting patients or disabled persons | A61G 7/10 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ski vehicles | A63C 5/00 |
Sheets specially adapted for use as or with stretchers
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Restraining devices used in nursing | A61F 5/37 |
Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chairs with toilet conveniences | A47K 11/04 |
Running gear or propulsion features | B60K |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chair beds | A47C 17/04 |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dust-free laboratory rooms | B01L 1/04 |
Decompression arrangements | B63C 11/32 |
Arrangements or adaptations in aircraft | B64D 13/00 |
Air-conditioning in general | F24F |
Accommodation for nursing, e.g. in hospitals, not covered by groups A61G 1/00-A61G 11/00, e.g. trolleys for transport of medicaments or food;Prescription lists
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Service or tea tables, trolleys or wagons | A47B 31/00 |
Operating tables;Auxiliary appliances therefor
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Adjustability of tables in general | A47B 9/00 |
Operating chairs;Dental chairs;Accessories specially adapted therefor, e.g. work stands
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Barbers' chairs | A47C 1/04 |
Urns
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Columbaria | E04H 13/00 |
Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Antithrombogenic treatment of articles for conditioning blood | A61L 33/00 |
Devices for introducing media into or onto the body | A61M |
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pulverising in general | B02C |
Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons;Pill counting devices;Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Calibrated capacity measures for fluids or fluent solid material | G01F 19/00 |
Feeding-bottles in general
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electric heating elements | H05B |
Breast-nipple shields
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Breast-pumps | A61M 1/06 |
Feeding-tubes for therapeutic purposes
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drinking tubes as table-ware | A47G 21/18 |
Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes
This subclass covers:
Compositions which are:
Used as preparations for dentistry, e.g. for artificial teeth, for filling or for capping teeth, or for taking dental impressions.
Used for cosmetic purposes for treating the skin, hair, nails, teeth or oral cavity with a view to cleaning them, changing their appearance, correcting body odours, protecting them or keeping them in good condition.
Used for medicinal purposes, e.g. drugs, biological compositions, when they are capable of:
Processes
Relationship between large subject matter areas
A01N covers the preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; biocides, e.g. as disinfectants, as pesticides, as herbicides .
Compounds per se are classified in C01, C07 or C08.
C08K covers the use of substances as compounding ingredients.
Compositions per se containing polymers are classified in C08L.
Micro-organisms per se are classified in C12N.
Multiple classification
The therapeutic activity of medicinal preparations is further classified in A61P.
The use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations is further classified in A61Q.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Sex sterilants for invertebrates per se | A01N |
Artificial nails per se | A45D31/00 |
Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms | A61J |
Disinfections, sterilisation or deodorization of air; Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles | A61L |
Essential oils, perfumes | C11B9/00 |
Detergent compositions | C11D |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Biocides, pest repellants or attractants per se | A01N 25/00-A01N 65/00 |
Wigs | A41G3/00 |
Hair pieces, inserts, rolls, pads or the like | A41G5/00 |
Processes of waving, straightening or curling hair | A45D7/00 |
Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling toilet or cosmetic substances | A45D34/00 |
Diagnosis; Surgery; Identification | A61B |
Dentistry | A61C |
Electrotherapy; Magnetotherapy; Radiation therapy; Ultrasound therapy | A61N |
Mixing, dissolving, emulsifying, dispersing | B01F |
Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms; Compositions or test papers therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions; Condition-responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes | C12Q |
Investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties | G01N |
Special rules of classification
Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of section C.
In this subclass, with the exception of group 8/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
Attention is drawn to the Notes in class C07, for example the Notes following the title of the subclass C07D, setting forth the rules for classifying organic compounds in that class, which rules are also applicable, if not otherwise indicated, to the classification of organic compounds of A61K.
A composition, i.e. a mixture of two or more ingredients is classified in the last of groups A61K 31/00-A61K 47/00 that provides for at least one of these ingredients.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by classification according to the last appropriate place of an active ingredient, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself.
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according the last appropriate place, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
Preparations for dentistry
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dentistry | A61C |
Use of metals or alloys
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alloys per se | C22C |
Use of inorganic cements
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cements per se | C04B |
Use of natural or synthetic resins
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Resins per se | C08 |
Compositions for taking dental impressions
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Impression methods | A61C 9/00 |
Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Casings or accessories for storing or handling of solid or pasty toilet or cosmetic substances are classified in A45D 40/00
Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Nuclear magnetic resonance contrast preparations or magnetic resonance imaging contrast preparations are classified in group A61K 49/18
Praparations containing radioactive substances are classified in group A61K 51/12
Insert title tags here...
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Non-medicinal aspects, preparing chewing gum | A23G 4/00 |
Web, sheet or filament bases
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | A61F 13/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrodes specially adapted for electrocardiography | A61B 5/0408 |
Electrodes specially adapted for foetal cardiography | A61B 5/0448 |
Electrodes specially adapted for electroencephalography | A61B 5/0478 |
Electrodes specially adapted for electromyography | A61B 5/0492 |
Electrodes for electrotherapy | A61N 1/04 |
Electrotherapy;Magnetotherapy;Radiation therapy;Ultrasound therapy
This subclass covers:
Specially adapted apparatus, instruments, devices, or processes for the following types of therapy:
Components having specialized structural features that limit their use to the apparatus, instruments, or devices for the types of therapy appropriate for this subclass.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Several subclasses provide for subject matter that is used for therapy. The relationship between these subclasses in regard to the type of therapy covered by each is as follows:
Subclass A61N provides for medical treatment-type therapy by apparatus or methods utilizing forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy when they are not used for surgical purposes and they are intended to either
In particular, subclass A61N covers implanted devices, when the implanted device is not a replacement or supplementation of an actual portion of the organ or part, utilizing forms of energy other than direct mechanical energy to stimulate organs or body parts in a manner that facilitates, regulates, or improves their normal functioning.
Subclass A61H provides for massage and physical-type therapy apparatus or methods for the treatment of disease or disability (i.e., an abnormal condition of the body) by utilization of direct mechanical energy. The apparatus or methods appropriate for this subclass do not surgically alter any portion of the bodies during treatment. Usually, the massage and therapy apparatus and methods of this subclass are intended to facilitate the healing of diseases, reduce the impact of injuries, or beneficially influence the condition of disabled body parts by physically moving a part of a body (e.g., devices for exercising a passive body member) solely by direct physical contact with, or stimulation of, external surfaces of the body or naturally occurring cavities in the body. However, stimulation of internal organs or body parts, such as artificial respiration and stimulation of the heart, when it is done by direct mechanical energy is also considered proper for this subclass.
Subclass A61K and Subclass A61P provide for drug-type therapy using chemical compounds or medicinal preparations specially adapted for use in healing, benefiting, or destroying abnormal conditions of the body (e.g., diseases, birth defects) and the specific therapeutic activities that the chemical compounds and medicinal preparations are used for.
Subclass A61B provides for surgery and surgical-type therapy that alters or repairs organs and body parts. It also provides for any surgical or diagnostic apparatus or methods that would otherwise be proper for subclass A61H or A61N when the apparatus or methods are used for both purposes or combined together. In particular, subclass A61B provides for surgical instruments, devices, or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body (e.g., electromagnetic radiation surgery) to alter or repair it.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Apparatus for diagnosis or surgery combined with, or applicable also as, therapy apparatus | A61B |
Apparatus for radiation diagnosis | A61B 6/00 |
Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body (e.g., radiation surgery, electro-surgery) | A61B 18/00 |
Instruments, implements, tools, or methods specially adapted so as to limit their use to only animals | A61D |
Apparatus or methods utilizing direct mechanical energy in therapy intended to treat disease or disability | A61H |
Percussion or vibration massage apparatus (e.g. using supersonic vibration) | A61H 23/00 |
Apparatus or methods for stimulating specific reflex points by heating or cooling within the cell-life limits | A61H 39/06 |
Devices for applying radioactive material to the body | A61M 36/00 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring bioelectrical signals of the body or body parts | A61B 5/04 |
Surgical accessories | A61B 19/00 |
Artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body | A61F 2/00 |
Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment | A61F 7/00 |
Saunas | A61H 33/06 |
Radiopharmaceuticals | A61K 51/12 |
Anaesthetic apparatus in general | A61M |
Artificial hearts and circulatory assistance means intended for implantation | A61M 1/12 |
Pressure infusion pumps | A61M 5/142 |
Devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness by mechanical, optical or acoustical means, e.g. audiovisual stimuli | A61M 21/00 |
Therapeutic chemical compounds or medicinal preparation used to treat sicknesses or abnormal conditions of the body | A61P |
Measurement of nuclear X-radiation | G01T |
Techniques for handling of particles or electromagnetic radiation | G21K |
Incandescent lamps having general utility | H01K |
Infrared radiators for heating | H05B |
Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations
This subclass covers:
Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
For medicinal, dental or cosmetic preparations to be appropriate for this subclass, it must also be appropriate for one of the following: subclasses A61K or C12N, or classes C01, C07, and C08.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences | A61Q 17/00 |
Special rules of classification
In this subclass, all of the different therapeutic activities stated in the claims or significantly disclosed as examples in the disclosure are classified in all appropriate places.
The classification symbols of this subclass are not listed first when assigned to patent documents.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Drug(s) | includes chemical compounds or compositions with therapeutic activity, i.e. having the ability to cause a physiological, pharmacological or biological effect. |
Use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations
This subclass covers:
The use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
For a cosmetic or similar toilet preparation to be appropriate for this subclass, it must also be appropriate for one of the following: main group A61K8/00 , subclasses C07C, C07D, C07F, C07G, C07H, C07J, C07K, C11D and C12N or classes C01 and C08.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Deodorisation of air | A61L 9/00 |
Drugs for dermatological disorders | A61P 17/02-A61P 17/16 |
Essential oils or perfumes per se | C11B 9/00 |
Special rules of classification
In this subclass, all uses of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations stated in the claims or significantly disclosed as examples in the disclosure are classified in all appropriate places.
The classification symbols of this subclass are not listed first when assigned to patent documents.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations | include compositions or preparations for the skin, hair, nails, teeth or oral cavity which are used to clean them, change their appearance, correct body odours, and protect or keep them in good condition. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparations with therapeutic activity | A61P 17/14 |
Formulations or additives for perfume preparations
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Essential oil | A concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds from plants |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drugs for treating burns | A61P 17/02 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pest repellants | A01N |
Chemical means for extinguishing fires;Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change;Composition of materials for coverings or clothing for protecting against harmful chemical agents;Composition of materials for transparent parts of gas-masks, respirators, breathing bags or helmets;Composition of chemical materials for use in breathing apparatus
This subclass covers:
Compositions:
Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires.
Chemical, bio-chemical or physico-chemical processes for chemically altering harmful chemical substances into safe or less dangerous substances.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Fire prevention, fire containment or fire fighting, e.g. portable extinguishers or fire-fighting vehicles | A62C |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fireproof paints | C09D 5/18 |
Fireproofing materials | C09K 21/00 |
Special rules of classification
Multiple classification
When enzymes or microorganisms are used within processes fully provided for in subclass A62D in order to liberate, separate or purify a preexisting compound or composition or to treat or clean textiles or solid material surfaces, they should also be classified in subclass C12S based upon its Note (1) to provide a complete search.
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
This subclass covers:
Processes for chemically altering harmful chemical substances into safe or less-dangerous substances.
These processes can be chemical, bio-chemical or physico-chemical processes, e.g. use of special chemical reagents for chemical fixing, which result in the decomposition or transformation of the harmful chemical substances into harmless or less harmful substances because of a change in their chemical structure.
These processes can comprise the step of dissolving or dispersing the harmful chemical substances in water for the purpose of treating them, or the step of producing, for treatment, a gaseous product from a non-gaseous harmful chemical substance.
The harmful chemical substance can be one component of a mixture, e.g. a component in contaminated sludge.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
The disposal of solid waste or the reclamation of contaminated soil is classified elsewhere, i.e. in class B09. However, the treatment of a specific harmful chemical substance in solid waste resulting in the change of its chemical constitution to make it harmless or less harmful is covered by A62D.
In the same way, treatment of sludge is not classified here with the exception of the treatment of a specific harmful chemical substance in the sludge, e.g. in residues from industrial processes (excluding contaminants from municipal sewage treatment) resulting in the change of its chemical constitution to make it harmless or less harmful.
Preventive chemical treatments, e.g. to prevent the formation of harmful chemical substances are classified elsewhere, depending on the kind of treatment and/or the context of application.
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms classified in A62D 3/00 are also classified in subclass C12S.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Detoxification of foods or foodstuffs | A23L 1/015 |
Apparatus for chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general | B01 |
Treatment of gases, e.g.: | |
Chemical or biological purification of smoke or fumes, e.g. flue gas | B01D 53/34 |
Purification or modifying the chemical compositions of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide | C10K |
Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust | F01N 3/00 |
Consuming noxious gases by combustion | F23G 7/06 |
Chemical processes resulting in the production of a useful product, e.g.: | |
using untreated contaminated fly ash as raw material in the manufacture of cement | C04B 7/26 |
metals obtained from residues or scrap | C22B |
Treatment of radioactively-contaminated waste | G21F 9/00 |
Treatment of waste water, sewage or sludge | C02F |
Making explosives harmless by detonation | F42D 5/04 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Disinfection or sterilizing methods specially adapted for refuse | A61L 11/00 |
Waste or refuse as compounding ingredient for glass, cement, mortar, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics | C03 C04B |
Materials for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat | C09K 3/32 |
Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials | C10B |
Destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials | C10G 1/06 |
Micro-organisms, enzymes or compositions thereof | C12N |
Consuming waste by combustion | F23G |
Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues | F23J |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Catalyst | Substance which either increases or decreases the speed of a chemical reaction, without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change. |
Catalyst | |
Chalcogen | Also known as chalcogenides, specifically O, S, Se, Te. |
Harmful | Directly toxic to living organisms, with the exception of toxic to plants only. |
Harmful chemical substances | Chemical waste substances which are too hazardous or toxic to be discarded in an ordinary municipal landfill. |
Halogens | The elements F, Cl, Br ,I , At. |
Physico-chemical | Having at least one chemical step and one physical step. |
Sludge | Residue (normally viscous) from an industrial, residential, or agricultural process. |
Clear-view sheets which prevent the formation of water drops or ice
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Materials for minimising adherence of ice or water to surfaces | C09K 3/18 |
Compositions of chemical substances for use in breathing aparatus
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of oxygen-generating compounds in general | C01B 13/00 |
Processes for the production of oxygen from chemicals in general | C25B 1/02 |
Apparatus for physical training, gymnastics, swimming, climbing or fencing; Ball games; Training equipment
This subclass covers:
Gymnastic or exercising apparatus or equipment, of which examples are:
Climbing or mountaineering apparatus, including apparatus for climbing trees or poles.
Swimming aids or equipment, e.g. flippers, goggles.
Balls for ball games including:
Rackets, bats or other striking implements for ball games, e.g. tennis rackets and similar, golf clubs, baseball bats, cricket bats, hockey sticks.
Accessories for golf; accessories for other ball games.
Targets or goals for ball games; tennis and similar nets and accessories therefor.
Implements for throwing, e.g. darts, javelins, spears, throwing-hammers, boomerangs, discus discs, quoits, juggling clubs.
Miscellaneous sporting games, e.g. miniature golf, juggling, curling, badminton, shuttlecock or like games, games using a hockey puck; projectiles for these games which do not fall into the above category of balls for ball games.
Training appliances for particular sports, e.g. for fencing, riding, skiing, rowing, punching-balls for boxing, golf swing trainers, artificial mountain slopes.
Other games or sports accessories, e.g. indicating or scoring devices, body protectors.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Some sporting subject matter is to be found in other subclasses of class A63. Skates, skis and their bindings, roller skates, skate-boards and the design or layout of playing-courts, rinks, bowling-greens or water-skiing areas or the like are classified in A63C. Bowling-alleys, bowling-games and equipment for bowls (but not the balls which are in A63B) and billiards or snooker are classified in A63D. Merry-go-rounds, swings, rocking-horses, toy animals for riding, chutes, switchbacks, water roundabouts, helter-skelters or the like are classified in A63G. Toys are in A63H. Racing, riding sports and equipment and accessories therefore, including race-courses and race-tracks, are in A63K.
In relation to apparatus or methods for manufacturing balls, it should be borne in mind that working of plastics or substances in a plastic state is classified in class B29 and the chemical or compositional aspects of balls is in Section C, e.g. compositions for making golf balls are usually in subclass C08L.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Protective equipment in the form of clothing or garments for sporting purposes | A41D 13/00 |
in the form of caps or hats | A42B 1/08 |
Helmets | A42B 3/00 |
Apparatus for passive exercising or massage | A61H |
Unicycles | B62K 1/00 |
Vessels or like floating structures for pleasure or sport | B63B 35/71, B63B 35/73 |
Life-saving in water | B63C 9/00 |
Breathing aids for swimming, e.g. snorkels | B63C 11/12 |
Divers' sleds or like craft | B63C 11/46 |
Training of parachutists | B64D 23/00 |
Archers' finger tabs | F41B 5/16 |
Traps for clay-pigeon targets | F41J 9/18 |
Devices for exercising or strengthening of fingers or arms in teaching music | G09B 15/06 |
Non-skid devices or attachments for footwear, e.g. crampons | A43C 15/00 |
Breathing masks or helmets for use at high altitudes | A62B 18/00 |
Safety belts for climbers | A62B 35/00 |
Picks | B25D 7/00 |
Ladders attached to fixed structures | E06C 9/04 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring muscular strength | A61B 5/22 |
Connecting valves to inflatable elastic bodies | B60C 29/00 |
Throwing weapons | F41B |
e.g. sling-weapons | F41B 3/00 |
Stop watches | G04F |
Timing devices | G07C |
Hollow inflatable balls
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Valves, e.g. self-closing valves | F16K |
Tools or devices for blowing up or closing balls
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Air pumps per se for flowing up balls | F04 |
Wheeled carriers for golf bags
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Running gear or propulsion features for wheeled carriers for golf bags | B60 |
Toys, e.g. tops, dolls, hoops, building blocks
This subclass covers:
Toys of the following types:
Special methods or compositions for the manufacture of dolls, toy animals, toy figures or parts thereof.
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Toys are often imitations or miniatures of "genuine", "full-size" working devices, machines or apparatus with a practical use. However toys normally have structural details that make them unsuitable for operation similar to that of a full-size equivalent. For the full-size working device, the relevant subclass should be consulted, for example "proper" vehicles, aircraft, etc. should be classified in classes B60-B64 and gearing in general (instead of gearing for toys) is in subclass F16H. In borderline cases where it is difficult to distinguish between a toy and a full-size working device, it may be necessary to classify in several places.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:
Blowing smoke-rings | A24F 13/30 |
Dolls' footwear | A43B 3/28 |
Flying discs | A63B 65/10 |
Throwing toys as part of a game | A63F 9/02 |
Traffic games with figures moved by players | A63F 9/14 |
Changeable or secret pictures | B44F 1/10 |
Spring toy guns | F41B 3/00 |
Firecrackers | F42B 4/04 |
Hand-thrown impact-exploded noise makers | F42B 4/16 |
Kaleidoscopes | G02B 27/08 |
Toy ticket punches | G07B 9/02 |
Eyelashes, eyebrows for humans | A41G |
Savings boxes | A45C 1/12 |
Artificial eyes for humans | A61F 2/14 |
Picture books | B42D 1/00 |
Parachutes for aeronautics | B64D |
Ultra-small engines, e.g. for driving models | F02B 75/34 |
Models or scenery for general purposes | G09B |
Music, sound or noise production in general | G10 |
Transformers | H01F |
Electric motors per se | H02K |
Converters | H02M |
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Toy | A plaything to be actively played with by children or others; something contrived for amusement rather than for practical or serious use. |
Toy figure | A toy that is a caricature or a stylised or symbolic form of a human being, animal, cartoon, fictional character or mythological being. |