H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H04
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
 H04

Note(s)

This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing beams of corpuscular radiation, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio or optical communication.  [4]

 H04R
LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (generating mechanical vibrations in general B06B; transducers for measuring particular variables G01; transducers in clocks G04; producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K; transducers in recording or reproducing heads G11B; transducers in motors H02)  [6]
 H04R

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like transducers producing acoustic waves or variations of electric current or voltage;
    • arrangements actuated by variations of electric current or voltage for cutting grooves in records;
    • circuits for the above-mentioned arrangements;
    • monitoring or testing the above-mentioned equipment.
  2. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]
 H04R
Subclass index
TYPES OF TRANSDUCER
With magnetic circuit:
moving coil; moving armature; magnetisable diaphragm; magnetostriction 9/00; 11/00; 13/00; 15/00
Without magnetic circuit:
piezo-electric; electrostatic; with variable resistance 17/00; 19/00; 21/00
Other types 23/00
Details
general; circuits; diaphragms and cones 1/00; 3/00; 7/00
APPLICATIONS
Stereophonic arrangements; deaf-aid; public address systems 5/00; 25/00; 27/00
MONITORING, TESTING; MANUFACTURE 29/00; 31/00
P:140 H04R 1/00
Details of transducers (diaphragms H04R 7/00; characterised by the nature of the transducer, see the relevant group of main groups H04R 9/00-H04R 23/00; mounting radio sets or communication systems in helmets A42B 3/04; mountings specially adapted for telephone equipment H04M 1/02)
 H04R 1/02
·  Casings; Cabinets; Mountings therein (H04R 1/28 takes precedence)
 H04R 1/04
·  ·  Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor (in deaf-aid sets H04R 25/00)
 H04R 1/06
·  Arranging circuit leads; Relieving strain on circuit leads
 H04R 1/08
·  Mouthpieces; Attachments therefor
 H04R 1/10
·  Earpieces; Attachments therefor
 H04R 1/12
·  Sanitary or hygienic devices for mouthpieces or earpieces, e.g. for protecting against infection
 H04R 1/20
·  Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics (for stereophonic purposes H04R 5/00; speech enhancement by processing of the speech signal G10L 21/00)
 H04R 1/22
·  ·  for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only (circuits for combining transducers having different responses H04R 3/00)
 H04R 1/28
·  ·  ·  Transducer mountings or enclosures designed for specific frequency response; Transducer enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
 H04R 1/32
·  ·  for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
 H04R 1/40
·  ·  ·  by combining a number of identical transducers
 H04R 1/44
·  Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
P:120 H04R 3/00
Circuits for transducers (for stereophonic arrangements H04R 5/00; arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound G10K 15/08; amplifiers H03F)
 H04R 3/02
·  for preventing acoustic reaction
 H04R 3/04
·  for correcting frequency response
 H04R 3/12
·  for distributing signals to two or more loud-speakers
P:30 H04R 5/00
Stereophonic arrangements (stereophonic pick-ups H04R 9/00, H04R 11/00, H04R 17/04, H04R 19/00)
 H04R 5/00

Note(s)

In this group, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:

  • "stereophonic arrangements" covers quadraphonic or similar arrangements.  [3]

 H04R 5/02
·  Spatial or constructional arrangements of loud-speakers
P:130 H04R 7/00
Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers (in general F16J 3/00); Cones (for musical instruments G10)
P:100 H04R 9/00
Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
P:90 H04R 11/00
Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type (acoustic diaphragm of magnetisable material directly co-acting with electromagnet H04R 13/00)
P:80 H04R 13/00
Transducers having an acoustic diaphragm of magnetisable material directly co-acting with electromagnet
P:70 H04R 15/00
Magnetostrictive transducers (magnetostrictive elements in general H01L 41/00)
P:60 H04R 17/00
Piezo-electric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers (piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements in general H01L 41/00; details of piezo-electric or electrostrictive motors, generators or positioners H02N 2/00)
 H04R 17/02
·  Microphones
 H04R 17/04
·  Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
 H04R 17/10
·  Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
P:50 H04R 19/00
Electrostatic transducers
P:40 H04R 21/00
Variable-resistance transducers (gaseous-resistance transducers H04R 23/00; magneto-resistive transducers H04R 23/00)
P:110 H04R 23/00
Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R 9/00-H04R 21/00
P:10 H04R 25/00
Deaf-aid sets (constructions of transducers per se H04R 9/00-H04R 23/00; structural combination with spectacle frames G02C 11/00; processing of speech signals G10L 21/00)
 H04R 25/02
·  adapted to be supported entirely by ear
 H04R 25/04
·  comprising pocket amplifiers
P:20 H04R 27/00
Public address systems (circuits for preventing acoustic reaction H04R 3/02; circuits for distributing signals to loud-speakers H04R 3/12; amplifiers H03F)
P:0 H04R 29/00
Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
P:150 H04R 31/00
Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor (processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of micro-structural devices or systems, e.g. in combination with electrical devices, B81C)