H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H03
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
 H03M
CODING, DECODING OR CODE CONVERSION, IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C 4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F 7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)  [4]
 H03M
Subclass index
CODING AND DECODING
in general 1/00
to or from differential modulation 3/00
in connection with keyboards 11/00
CONVERSION
of the form of individual digits 5/00
of the sequence of digits 7/00
parallel/series or vice versa 9/00
ERROR DETECTION OR ERROR CORRECTION 13/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS 99/00
P:60 H03M 1/00
Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion (conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation H03M 3/00)  [4]
 H03M 1/02
·  Reversible analogue/digital converters  [4]
 H03M 1/04
·  using stochastic techniques  [4]
 H03M 1/06
·  Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters (periodically H03M 1/10)  [4]
 H03M 1/08
·  ·  of noise  [4]
 H03M 1/10
·  Calibration or testing  [4]
 H03M 1/12
·  Analogue/digital converters (H03M 1/02-H03M 1/10 take precedence)  [4]
 H03M 1/14
·  ·  Conversion in steps with each step involving the same or a different conversion means and delivering more than one bit  [4]
 H03M 1/18
·  ·  Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging  [4]
 H03M 1/20
·  ·  Increasing resolution using an n bit system to obtain n + m bits, e.g. by dithering  [4]
 H03M 1/22
·  ·  pattern-reading type  [4]
 H03M 1/34
·  ·  Analogue value compared with reference values (H03M 1/48 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03M 1/36
·  ·  ·  simultaneously only, i.e. parallel type  [4]
 H03M 1/38
·  ·  ·  sequentially only, e.g. successive approximation type (converting more than one bit per step H03M 1/14)  [4]
 H03M 1/48
·  ·  Servo-type converters  [4]
 H03M 1/50
·  ·  with intermediate conversion to time interval (H03M 1/64 takes precedence)  [4]
 H03M 1/60
·  ·  with intermediate conversion to frequency of pulses  [4]
 H03M 1/64
·  ·  with intermediate conversion to phase of sinusoidal signals  [4]
 H03M 1/66
·  Digital/analogue converters (H03M 1/02-H03M 1/10 take precedence)  [4]
 H03M 1/68
·  ·  with conversions of different sensitivity, i.e. one conversion relating to the more significant digital bits and another conversion to the less significant bits  [4]
 H03M 1/70
·  ·  Automatic control for modifying converter range  [4]
 H03M 1/74
·  ·  Simultaneous conversion  [4]
 H03M 1/82
·  ·  with intermediate conversion to time interval  [4]
P:50 H03M 3/00
Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation  [4]
 H03M 3/02
·  Delta modulation, i.e. one-bit differential modulation  [4]
P:30 H03M 5/00
Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits  [4]
P:20 H03M 7/00
Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits  [4]
 H03M 7/02 - 
H03M 7/30

Note(s)

In groups H03M 7/02-H03M 7/30, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.   [4]

 H03M 7/02
·  Conversion to or from weighted codes, i.e. the weight given to a digit depending on the position of the digit within the block or code word  [4]
 H03M 7/14
·  Conversion to or from non-weighted codes  [4]
 H03M 7/26
·  Conversion to or from stochastic codes  [4]
 H03M 7/28
·  Programmable structures, i.e. where the code converter contains apparatus which is operator-changeable to modify the conversion process  [4]
 H03M 7/30
·  Compression (speech analysis-synthesis for redundancy reduction G10L 19/00; for image communication H04N); Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction  [4]
 H03M 7/32
·  ·  Conversion to or from delta modulation, i.e. one-bit differential modulation  [4]
 H03M 7/36
·  ·  Conversion to or from differential modulation with several bits, i.e. the difference between successive samples being coded by more than one bit  [4]
 H03M 7/38
·  ·  ·  adaptive  [4]
 H03M 7/40
·  ·  Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code  [4]
 H03M 7/42
·  ·  ·  using table look-up for the coding or decoding process, e.g. using read-only memory  [4]
 H03M 7/44
·  ·  ·  Suppression of irrelevant zeroes  [4]
 H03M 7/46
·  ·  Conversion to or from run-length codes, i.e. by representing the number of consecutive digits, or groups of digits, of the same kind by a code word and a digit indicative of that kind  [4]
 H03M 7/50
·  ·  Conversion to or from non-linear codes, e.g. companding  [4]
P:10 H03M 9/00
Parallel/series conversion or vice versa (digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise G11C 19/00)  [4]
P:40 H03M 11/00
Coding in connection with keyboards or like devices, i.e. coding of the position of operated keys (keyboard switch arrangements, structural association of coders and keyboards H01H 13/70, H03K 17/94)  [4]
 H03M 11/02
·  Details  [5]
 H03M 11/04
·  ·  Coding of multifunction keys  [5]
 H03M 11/06
·  ·  ·  by operating the multifunction key itself in different ways  [5]
 H03M 11/14
·  ·  ·  by using additional keys, e.g. shift keys, which determine the function performed by the multifunction key  [5]
P:0 H03M 13/00
Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes (error detection or error correction for analogue/digital, digital/analogue or code conversion H03M 1/00-H03M 11/00; specially adapted for digital computers G06F 11/08, for information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer G11B, e.g. G11B 20/18, for static stores G11C)  [4,7]
P:70 H03M 99/00
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass  [8]