H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H04
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
 H04

Note(s)

This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing beams of corpuscular radiation, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio or optical communication.  [4]

 H04M
TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION (counting mechanisms G06M; circuits for controlling other apparatus via a telephone cable and not involving telephone switching apparatus G08; reels or other take-up devices for cords H02G 11/00; multiplex transmission between switching centres H04J; selecting arrangements H04Q; loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like electromechanical transducers H04R; wireless communication networks H04W)
 H04M

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • telephonic communication systems combined with other electrical systems;
    • testing arrangements peculiar to telephonic communication systems.
  2. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "subscriber" is a general term for terminal equipment, e.g. telephone for public use;
    • "substation" means a subscriber or monitoring equipment which may connect a single subscriber to a line without choice as to subscriber;
    • "satellite" is a type of exchange the operation of which depends upon control signals received from a supervisory exchange;
    • "switching centres" includes exchanges and satellites.
 H04M
Subclass index
TELEPHONIC SYSTEMS
Combined; party-line systems; prepayment systems 11/00; 13/00; 17/00
EQUIPMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
Equipments 1/00
Exchanges: automatic; manual 3/00; 5/00
Interconnection arrangements: centralised; non-centralised 7/00; 9/00
Monitoring and control; supply arrangements 15/00; 19/00
SUBJECT MATTER NOT PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER GROUPS OF THIS SUBCLASS 99/00
P:70 H04M 1/00
Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers (subscriber services or facilities provided at exchanges H04M 3/00; prepayment telephone coin boxes H04M 17/00; current supply arrangements H04M 19/08; keyboard switches in general H01H 13/70, H03K 17/94)  [1,7]
 H04M 1/02
·  Constructional features of telephone sets
 H04M 1/03
·  ·  Constructional features of telephone transmitters or receivers, e.g. telephone hand-sets (transducers in general H04R 1/00)  [2]
 H04M 1/04
·  ·  Supports for telephone transmitters or receivers (for transducers in general H04R 1/00)
 H04M 1/11
·  ·  Supports for sets, e.g. incorporating armrests
 H04M 1/15
·  ·  Protection or guiding telephone cords (devices specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and restoring lengths of material B65H 75/34; in general H02G 11/00)  [5]
 H04M 1/17
·  ·  Hygienic or sanitary devices on telephone equipment (for mouthpieces or earpieces H04R 1/12)  [2]
 H04M 1/18
·  ·  Telephone sets modified for use in ships, mines, or other places exposed to adverse environment (H04M 1/19 takes precedence; telephone cabinets E04H 1/14)
 H04M 1/19
·  ·  Arrangements of transmitters, receivers, or complete sets to prevent eavesdropping, to attenuate local noise or to prevent undesired transmission; Special mouthpieces or receivers therefor (circuit arrangements for preventing eavesdropping H04M 1/68; telephone cabinets E04H 1/14)
 H04M 1/20
·  ·  Arrangements for preventing acoustic feedback (H04M 1/62 takes precedence)
 H04M 1/21
·  ·  Combinations with auxiliary equipment, e.g. with clock, with memoranda pad
 H04M 1/22
·  ·  Illuminating; Arrangements for improving visibility of characters on dials
 H04M 1/23
·  ·  Construction or mounting of dials or of equivalent devices; Means for facilitating the use thereof (by improving visibility H04M 1/22)
 H04M 1/24
·  Arrangements for testing (measuring electric values G01R; testing transducers H04R 29/00)
 H04M 1/247
·  Telephone sets including user guidance or feature selection means facilitating their use  [7]
 H04M 1/253
·  Telephone sets using digital voice transmission (simultaneous speech and data transmission H04M 11/06)  [7]
 H04M 1/26
·  Devices for calling a subscriber (H04M 1/66 takes precedence; coding in connection with keyboards or like devices, in general H03M 11/00)  [1,7]
 H04M 1/27
·  ·  Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously  [2]
 H04M 1/272
·  ·  ·  with provision for storing only one subscriber number at a time, e.g. by keyboard or dial  [2]
 H04M 1/274
·  ·  ·  with provision for storing more than one subscriber number at a time, e.g. using toothed disc  [2]
 H04M 1/276
·  ·  ·  ·  using magnetic recording, e.g. on tape  [2]
 H04M 1/278
·  ·  ·  ·  using punched cards or tapes  [2]
 H04M 1/56
·  Arrangements for indicating or recording the called number at the calling subscriber's set
 H04M 1/57
·  Arrangements for indicating or recording the number of the calling subscriber at the called subscriber's set (at the operator set in a manual exchange H04M 5/00)  [2]
 H04M 1/58
·  Anti-side-tone circuits (hybrid circuits for carrier-frequency operation H04B 1/00)
 H04M 1/60
·  including speech amplifiers
 H04M 1/62
·  ·  Constructional arrangements
 H04M 1/64
·  Automatic arrangements for answering calls; Automatic arrangements for recording messages for absent subscribers; Arrangements for recording conversations (centralised dictation systems H04M 11/10)  [1,7]
 H04M 1/65
·  ·  Recording arrangements  [2,7]
 H04M 1/66
·  with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling (verifying user identity or authority in secret or secure digital communications H04L 9/32)  [1,7]
 H04M 1/68
·  Circuit arrangements for preventing eavesdropping
 H04M 1/72
·  Substation extension arrangements; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selecting  [1,7]
 H04M 1/738
·  Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines (H04M 1/78 takes precedence)  [7]
 H04M 1/78
·  Circuit arrangements in which low-frequency speech signals proceed in one direction on the line, while speech signals proceeding in the other direction on the line are modulated on a high-frequency carrier signal (repeater circuits H04B 3/36)  [2]
 H04M 1/80
·  Telephone line holding circuits  [7]
 H04M 1/82
·  Line monitoring circuits for call progress or status discrimination  [7]
P:30 H04M 3/00
Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
 H04M 3/02
·  Ringing or otherwise calling substations (selective calling H04Q)
 H04M 3/08
·  Indicating faults in circuits or apparatus
 H04M 3/16
·  with lock-out or secrecy provision in party-line systems
 H04M 3/18
·  with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
 H04M 3/20
·  with means for interrupting existing connections; with means for breaking-in on conversations
 H04M 3/22
·  Supervisory, monitoring, or testing arrangements
 H04M 3/24
·  ·  with provision for checking the normal operation
 H04M 3/26
·  ·  with means for applying test signals
 H04M 3/28
·  ·  ·  Automatic routine testing
 H04M 3/36
·  ·  Statistical metering, e.g. recording occasions when traffic exceeds capacity of trunks (digital computers for evaluating statistical data G06F 17/18)
 H04M 3/38
·  Graded-service arrangements, i.e. some subscribers prevented from establishing certain connections (queuing arrangements H04Q 3/64)
 H04M 3/40
·  Applications of speech amplifiers
 H04M 3/42
·  Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers (specially adapted for wireless communication networks H04W 4/00)
 H04M 3/424
·  ·  Arrangements for automatic redialling (at the subscriber's set H04M 1/27)  [7]
 H04M 3/44
·  ·  Additional connecting arrangements for providing access to frequently-wanted subscribers, e.g. abbreviated dialling (at the subscriber's set H04M 1/27; automatic redialling H04M 3/424)  [1,7]
 H04M 3/46
·  ·  Arrangements for calling a number of substations in a predetermined sequence until an answer is obtained
 H04M 3/48
·  ·  Arrangements for recalling a calling subscriber when the wanted subscriber ceases to be busy
 H04M 3/487
·  ·  Arrangements for providing information services, e.g. recorded voice services, time announcement  [7]
 H04M 3/50
·  ·  Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers (H04M 3/487 takes precedence; centralised dictation systems H04M 11/10)  [1,7]
 H04M 3/54
·  ·  Arrangements for diverting calls for one subscriber to another predetermined subscriber
 H04M 3/56
·  ·  Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities (video conference systems H04N 7/15)
 H04M 3/58
·  ·  Arrangements for transferring received calls from one subscriber to another; Arrangements affording interim conversations between either the calling or the called party and a third party (substation line holding circuits H04M 1/80)  [1,7]
 H04M 3/60
·  Semi-automatic systems, i.e. in which the numerical selection of the outgoing line is under the control of an operator
P:40 H04M 5/00
Manual exchanges (substation equipment in general H04M 1/00)
P:50 H04M 7/00
Interconnection arrangements between switching centres (transmission arrangements in general H04B)
 H04M 7/02
·  for compensating differences of ground potential
 H04M 7/04
·  for compensating differences of line impedance
 H04M 7/06
·  using auxiliary connections for control or supervision
 H04M 7/08
·  for phantom working
 H04M 7/10
·  for two-way working, i.e. calls may be set-up in either direction over the same connection
 H04M 7/12
·  for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step, decimal and non-decimal
 H04M 7/14
·  in systems involving main and subordinate switching centres (current supply source at subordinate switching centre charged from main exchange H04M 19/00)
 H04M 7/16
·  in systems employing carrier frequencies
P:60 H04M 9/00
Interconnection arrangements not involving centralised switching
 H04M 9/02
·  involving a common line for all parties
 H04M 9/04
·  involving a separate line for each pair of parties
 H04M 9/06
·  involving combinations of interconnecting lines
 H04M 9/08
·  Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for suppressing echoes or otherwise conditioning for one or other direction of traffic (for line transmission in general H04B 3/20)
P:20 H04M 11/00
Telephonic communication systems adapted for combination with other electrical systems
 H04M 11/02
·  with bell or annunciator systems (such systems in general G08)
 H04M 11/04
·  with fire, police, burglar, or other alarm systems (such systems in general G08)
 H04M 11/06
·  Simultaneous speech and telegraphic or other data transmission over the same conductors (transmission of digital information in general H04L)
 H04M 11/08
·  adapted for optional reception of entertainment or informative matter (systems in which the information is continuously available on a carrier over the whole network H04H 20/77)
 H04M 11/10
·  with dictation recording and playback systems (such systems in general G11B)
P:80 H04M 13/00
Party-line systems (substation equipment H04M 1/00; exchange equipment H04M 3/00, H04M 5/00; metering arrangements H04M 15/36)
P:10 H04M 15/00
Metering arrangements; Time-controlling arrangements; Time-indicating arrangements
 H04M 15/02
·  Severing connection after predetermined time
 H04M 15/04
·  Recording calls in printed, perforated, or other permanent form
 H04M 15/08
·  Metering calls to called party
 H04M 15/10
·  Metering calls from calling party
 H04M 15/28
·  with meter at substation
 H04M 15/32
·  Metering arrangements for satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
 H04M 15/34
·  Metering arrangements for private branch exchanges
 H04M 15/36
·  Metering arrangements for party-lines
 H04M 15/38
·  Metering by apparatus not of the mechanical step-by-step counter type
P:0 H04M 17/00
Prepayment telephone systems (using a coded card to authorise calls from a telephone set H04M 1/66)  [1,7]
P:90 H04M 19/00
Current supply arrangements for telephone systems (for selecting equipment H04Q 1/18)
 H04M 19/08
·  Current supply source at substation (battery saving arrangements for cordless telephones H04M 1/72; generating ringing current H04M 19/00)  [1,7]
P:100 H04M 99/00
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass  [8]