H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H04
ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
 H04

Note(s)

This class covers electrical communication systems with propagation paths employing beams of corpuscular radiation, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio or optical communication.  [4]

 H04H
BROADCAST COMMUNICATION (multiplex communication H04J; pictorial communication aspects of broadcast systems H04N)
 H04H

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
    • “broadcast” is simultaneous distribution of identical signals to plural receiving stations. The term "broadcast" does not include distribution to receiving stations which is controlled by requests or responses from the receiving stations; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast information” covers all kinds of information distributed by broadcast systems; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast-related information” is information required by services provided via broadcast systems, other than broadcast information; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast time” is a time when particular broadcast information exists and is available; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast channel” is a channel via which broadcast information is distributed, e.g. carrier waves, time slots, cables or wireless broadcast service areas; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast space” is either a set of broadcast channels in which particular broadcast information exists and is available or a geographical area determined by the set of broadcast channels; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast space-time” is space-time determined by broadcast space and broadcast time in which particular broadcast information exists and is available; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast system” is a system which consists of transmitter, transponder and receiver for broadcast; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast-related system” is a system which is directly affected by generation, broadcast, reception or use of broadcast information; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast service” is a service directly provided by a broadcast system, i.e. distribution service of broadcast information; [2009.01]
    • “broadcast-related service” is a service provided by broadcast-related systems; [2009.01]
    • “A with a direct linkage to B” means that A directly affects B or that A is directly affected by B. [2009.01]
  2. In this subclass, multi-aspect classification is applied, so that subject matter characterised by aspects covered by more than one of its groups, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in each of those groups. [2009.01]
 H04H 1/00
( transferred to H04H 20/00-H04H 60/00 )
 H04H 1/02
( transferred to H04H 20/76 )
 H04H 1/04
( transferred to H04H 20/77 )
 H04H 3/00
( transferred to H04H 20/67 )
 H04H 5/00
( transferred to H04H 20/00-H04H 60/00 )
 H04H 7/00
( transferred to H04H 60/04 )
 H04H 9/00
( transferred to H04H 20/00-H04H 60/00 )
 H04H 20/00
Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/02
·  Arrangements for relaying broadcast information  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/10
·  Arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast or during the distribution  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/12
·  Arrangements for monitoring, testing or troubleshooting  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/16
·  Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information repeatedly  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/18
·  Arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/20
·  Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/26
·  Arrangements for switching distribution systems  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/28
·  Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/38
·  Arrangements for distribution where lower stations, e.g. receivers, interact with the broadcast  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/40
·  Arrangements for broadcast specially adapted for accumulation-type receivers  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/42
·  Arrangements for resource management  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/44
·  Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/53
·  Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/65
·  Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/67
·  ·  Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/76
·  ·  Wired systems  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/77
·  ·  ·  using carrier waves  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/86
·  Arrangements characterised by special technical features of the broadcast information, e.g. signal form or information format  [2009.01]
 H04H 20/88
·  ·  Stereophonic broadcast systems  [2009.01]
 H04H 40/00
Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information  [2009.01]
 H04H 40/09
·  Arrangements for receiving desired information automatically according to timetables  [2009.01]
 H04H 40/18
·  Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/00
Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/02
·  Arrangements for generating broadcast information; Arrangements for generating broadcast-related information with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for simultaneous generation of broadcast information and broadcast-related information  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/04
·  ·  Studio equipment; Interconnection of studios  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/09
·  Arrangements for device control with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for control of broadcast-related services  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/25
·  Arrangements for updating broadcast information or broadcast-related information  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/27
·  Arrangements for recording or accumulating broadcast information or broadcast-related information  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/29
·  Arrangements for monitoring broadcast services or broadcast-related services  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/31
·  ·  Arrangements for monitoring the use made of the broadcast services  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/35
·  Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/56
·  Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H 60/29 or H04H 60/35  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/61
·  Arrangements for services using the result of monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H 60/29 or H04H 60/35  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/68
·  Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information  [2009.01]
 H04H 60/76
·  Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet  [2009.01]