|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

ENGINES OR PUMPS

|  | F01 - F04 |
Note(s) Guide to the use of this subsection (classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04) The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter; "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers; "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump; "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa; "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa; "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps; "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear; "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action; "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move; "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments; "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear; "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby; "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section; "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa; "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam; "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible; "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded; "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type". In this subsection: cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01L, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01-F04; lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned: the principle which resides in their elaboration, the classifying characteristics which they call for, and their complementarity. Principle This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here. Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass. Subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned. This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses. Thus, subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C. Characteristics The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible: Machines; engines; pumps. As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus: Positive displacement; non-positive displacement. The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus: Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind. Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely: Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid. Complementarity This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid. The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the subsection index below. It is seen from this index that: For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristics of "working fluid" associates: Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B to Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C to Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B to Machines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01B and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C to Engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01C and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C to Engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01D and Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03B to Engines For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.

|  | F01 - F04 |
Subsection index
MACHINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F04C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F04B
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
ENGINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F03C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F03C
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
PUMPS |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston | F04C
reciprocating piston or other | F04B
non-positive displacement | F04D

|  | F04 |
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS (portable fire extinguishers with manually-operated pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C 11/00, with power-driven pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A62C 25/00; charging or scavenging combustion engines by pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02B; engine fuel-injection pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F02M; ion pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H01J 41/00; electrodynamic pumps Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H02K 44/00)

|  | F04 |
Note(s) Combinations of positive-displacement and non-positive-displacement pumps are classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B as a general subclass for pumps, and in subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04D in respect of matter specific to those subclasses.

|  | F04C |
ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS (engines Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F03C); ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

|  | F04C |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01, especially as regards the definitions of "machines", "pumps", "positive displacement", "rotary-piston machines", "oscillating-piston machines", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents", and "internal axis".

|  | F04C |
Subclass index
MACHINES OR PUMPS |
Rotary-piston |
general characteristics; non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members | 2/00; 3/00
resiliently-deformable chamber walls; fluid ring | 5/00; 7/00
Oscillating-piston | 9/00
Combinations or adaptations | 11/00, 13/00
Pump installations | 11/00
Control; monitoring; safety arrangements | 14/00
Other details or accessories | 15/00
PUMPS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ELASTIC FLUIDS |
Rotary-piston pumps | 18/00
Rotary-piston pumps with fluid ring or the like | 19/00
Oscillating-piston pumps | 21/00
Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations; Multi-stage pumps | 23/00
Adaptations of pumps for special use | 25/00
Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps | 27/00
Control; monitoring; safety arrangements | 28/00
Other components parts, details or accessories | 29/00

P:140 |  | F04C 2/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or pumps (with non-parallel axes of co-operating members Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 3/00; with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 5/00; with fluid ring or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 7/00; rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 19/00; rotary-piston machines or pumps in which the working-fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B) [3]

P:110 |  | F04C 3/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or pumps, with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members, e.g. of screw type (with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 5/00; rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/48)

P:120 |  | F04C 5/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or pumps with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable (such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/00)

P:130 |  | F04C 7/00 |
Rotary-piston machines or pumps with fluid ring or the like (such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 19/00)

P:150 |  | F04C 9/00 |
Oscillating-piston machines or pumps (such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 21/00)

P:100 |  | F04C 11/00 |
Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type (combinations of such pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 23/00); Pumping installations (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 13/00 takes precedence; specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 23/00; fluid gearing Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16H)

P:90 |  | F04C 13/00 |
Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures (of pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 25/00)

P:80 |  | F04C 14/00 |
Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations (of pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 28/00) [8]

P:160 |  | F04C 15/00 |
Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 2/00-F04C 14/00 (of pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/00-F04C 29/00) [1,8]

|  | F04C 18/00 - F04C 29/00 |
Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids

P:40 |  | F04C 18/00 |
Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids (with fluid ring or the like Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 19/00; rotary-piston pumps in which the working-fluid is exclusively displaced by one or more reciprocating pistons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04B) [3]

|  | F04C 18/02 |
· | of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents [3]

|  | F04C 18/04 |
· · | of internal-axis type [3]

|  | F04C 18/06 |
· · | of other than internal-axis type (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/063 takes precedence) [3]

|  | F04C 18/063 |
· · | with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them [3]

|  | F04C 18/08 |
· | of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing [3]

|  | F04C 18/12 |
· · | of other than internal-axis type [3]

|  | F04C 18/14 |
· · · | with toothed rotary pistons [3]

|  | F04C 18/16 |
· · · · | with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type [3]

|  | F04C 18/22 |
· | of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member [3]

|  | F04C 18/24 |
· | of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions [3]

|  | F04C 18/30 |
· | having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/02, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/08, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/22, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/24, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members [3]

|  | F04C 18/34 |
· · | having the movement defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/08 or Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members [3]

|  | F04C 18/356 |
· · · | with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member [3]

|  | F04C 18/48 |
· | Rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members [5]

|  | F04C 18/48 |
Note(s) Group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/30 takes precedence over group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/48. [8]

P:30 |  | F04C 19/00 |
Rotary-piston pumps with fluid ring or the like, specially adapted for elastic fluids

P:50 |  | F04C 21/00 |
Oscillating-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids

P:20 |  | F04C 23/00 |
Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 25/00 takes precedence)

P:10 |  | F04C 25/00 |
Adaptations for special use of pumps for elastic fluids

P:60 |  | F04C 27/00 |
Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids

P:0 |  | F04C 28/00 |
Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids [8]

P:70 |  | F04C 29/00 |
Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids, not provided for in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F04C 18/00-F04C 28/00

|  | F04C 29/02 |
· | Lubrication (of machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01M); Lubricant separation (separation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D)

|  | F04C 29/04 |
· | Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01P); Heat insulation (heat insulation in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16L 59/00)

|  | F04C 29/06 |
· | Silencing (gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F01N)

|  | F04C 29/12 |
· | Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet [8]