|  | F |
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

|  | F01 - F04 |
Subsection index
MACHINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F04C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F04B
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
ENGINES |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01C
liquid only | F03C
reciprocating piston or other |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01B
liquid only | F03C
non-positive displacement |
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluid | F01D
liquid only | F03B
PUMPS |
positive displacement |
rotary or oscillating piston | F04C
reciprocating piston or other | F04B
non-positive displacement | F04D

LIGHTING; HEATING

|  | F27 |
FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A21B, glass melting furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03B, coke or gas-making apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10B, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10J, apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G, blast furnaces Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21B, converters for making steel Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C21D; furnaces for electroslag or arc remelting of metals Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22B 9/00; enamelling ovens Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C23D; combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23; electric heating Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B) [4]

|  | F27 |
Note(s) This class covers: furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sintering apparatus and other similar apparatus for heat treatment of materials or articles, and details or accessories therefor, in general; the arrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces. This class does not cover: combustion apparatus per se, i.e. apparatus for direct combination of oxygen gas and a burnable substance; [7] electrical heating elements per se; processes carried on within the furnaces. In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "furnaces" covers kilns, ovens, or retorts.

|  | F27D |
DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE (combustion apparatus Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23)

|  | F27D |
Note(s) Attention is drawn to the references and Notes following the title of class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27 and Note (3) of section H.

|  | F27D |
Subclass index
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES | 1/00
HANDLING AND SUPPORTING CHARGE | 3/00, 5/00, 15/00
PREHEATING CHARGE; COOLING; USING WASTE HEAT OR GASES | 13/00; 9/00, 15/00; 17/00
ARRANGEMENTS OF ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS | 11/00
ARRANGEMENTS OF CONTROL AND SAFETY DEVICES | 19/00, 21/00
OTHER FEATURES; OTHER DETAILS | 7/00; 23/00

P:60 |  | F27D 1/00 |
Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs (refractory materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04B; firebridges for combustion chambers Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F23M 3/00)

|  | F27D 1/02 |
· | Crowns; Roofs

|  | F27D 1/04 |
· | characterised by the form of the bricks or blocks used

|  | F27D 1/10 |
· | Monolithic linings; Supports therefor

|  | F27D 1/12 |
· | incorporating cooling arrangements (constructions of tube assemblies in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28)

|  | F27D 1/14 |
· | Supports for linings (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 1/10 takes precedence)

|  | F27D 1/16 |
· | Making or repairing linings

|  | F27D 1/18 |
· | Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers

P:40 |  | F27D 3/00 |
Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge (conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B65G 49/00; moving charge through a furnace Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27B 9/00)

|  | F27D 3/12 |
· | Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge

|  | F27D 3/14 |
· | Charging or discharging liquid or molten material

P:50 |  | F27D 5/00 |
Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace (travelling or movable supports Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 3/12)

P:30 |  | F27D 7/00 |
Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers

P:90 |  | F27D 9/00 |
Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 1/00, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27D 3/00 take precedence)

P:70 |  | F27D 11/00 |
Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces (electric heating per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...H05B)

|  | F27D 11/08 |
· | Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge

P:80 |  | F27D 13/00 |
Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges

P:100 |  | F27D 15/00 |
Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor

P:20 |  | F27D 17/00 |
Arrangement for using waste heat (heat-exchangers per se Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F28); Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases (removing fumes in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B08B 15/00)

P:0 |  | F27D 19/00 |
Arrangement of controlling devices

P:10 |  | F27D 21/00 |
Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices

P:110 |  | F27D 23/00 |
Details or accessories not covered by any other group of this subclass