C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers :
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
  3. In all sections of the IPC, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the Periodic System of chemical elements referred to is the one with 8 groups as represented in the table below. For example, group C07F 3/00 "Compounds containing elements of the 2nd Group of the Periodic System" refers to the elements of columns IIa and IIb. [2009.01]

    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C03
GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
 C03C
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES, OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
 C03C
Subclass index
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
For glasses 1/00, 3/00, 4/00, 6/00, 10/00 - 12/00
For glazes, for vitreous enamels 1/00, 8/00
For devitrified glass ceramics 10/00
For fibres or filaments 13/00
For glass containing a non-glass component 14/00
SURFACE TREATMENTS
By diffusion into the surface 21/00
By coating 17/00
Other treatments 15/00, 19/00, 23/00
Of fibres or filaments 25/00
JOINING 27/00, 29/00
GLASS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURE 10/00 - 12/00, 14/00
 C03C 1/00 - 
C03C 14/00
Chemical composition of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
 C03C 1/00 - 
C03C 14/00

Note(s)

In groups C03C 1/00-C03C 14/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.  [4]

P:170 C03C 1/00
Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes or vitreous enamels
P:160 C03C 3/00
Glass compositions (glass batch compositions C03C 6/00)  [4]
 C03C 3/04
·  containing silica  [4]
 C03C 3/06 - 
C03C 3/076

Note(s)

If silica is specified as being present in a percent range covered by two of the groups C03C 3/06, C03C 3/062 or C03C 3/076, classification is made in both groups. If the range is covered by the three groups, classification is made in group C03C 3/04 itself.  [4]

 C03C 3/06
·  ·  with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
 C03C 3/062
·  ·  with less than 40% silica by weight  [4]
 C03C 3/076
·  ·  with 40% to 90% silica by weight  [4]
 C03C 3/12
·  Silica-free oxide glass compositions  [4]
 C03C 3/32
·  Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides, or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium  [4]
P:150 C03C 4/00
Compositions for glass with special properties  [4]
 C03C 4/00

Note(s)

When classifying in group C03C 4/00, classification is also made in the appropriate subgroups of group C03C 3/00 according to the glass composition. [4]

P:140 C03C 6/00
Glass batch compositions (single ingredients of batch compositions C03C 1/00)  [4]
 C03C 6/00

Note(s)

This group covers also compositions which are intended to be heated sufficiently for their ingredients to fuse into a glass, e.g. glass furnace charges.  [4]

P:130 C03C 8/00
Enamels; Glazes (cold glazes for ceramics C04B 41/86); Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions  [4]
P:120 C03C 10/00
Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition  [4]
P:110 C03C 11/00
Multi-cellular glass
P:100 C03C 12/00
Powdered glass (C03C 8/00 takes precedence); Bead compositions  [4]
P:90 C03C 13/00
Fibre or filament compositions (manufacture of fibres or filaments C03B 37/00)
P:80 C03C 14/00
Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix (glass batch compositions C03C 6/00; devitrified glass-ceramics C03C 10/00)  [4]
 C03C 15/00 - 
C03C 25/00
Surface treatment of glass; Surface treatment of fibres or filaments from glass, minerals or slags
 C03C 15/00 - 
C03C 25/00

Note(s)

Treatment of materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone is classified in subclass C04B.  [4]

P:40 C03C 15/00
Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching (etching or surface-brightening compositions, in general C09K 13/00)  [2]
P:50 C03C 17/00
Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating (optical coatings of optical elements G02B 1/10)
 C03C 17/02
·  with glass (C03C 17/34, C03C 17/44 take precedence)  [3]
 C03C 17/06
·  with metals (C03C 17/34, C03C 17/44 take precedence)  [3]
 C03C 17/22
·  with other inorganic material (C03C 17/34, C03C 17/44 take precedence)  [3]
 C03C 17/23
·  ·  Oxides (C03C 17/02 takes precedence)  [3]
 C03C 17/25
·  ·  ·  by deposition from the liquid phase  [3]
 C03C 17/28
·  with organic material (C03C 17/34, C03C 17/44 take precedence)  [3]
 C03C 17/34
·  with at least two coatings having different compositions (C03C 17/44 takes precedence)  [3]
 C03C 17/36
·  ·  at least one coating being a metal  [3]
 C03C 17/42
·  ·  at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating  [3]
 C03C 17/44
·  Lustring  [3]
P:60 C03C 19/00
Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by mechanical means (sand-blasting, grinding, or polishing glass B24)
P:30 C03C 21/00
Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
P:70 C03C 23/00
Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
P:20 C03C 25/00
Surface treatment of fibres or filaments from glass, minerals, or slags
 C03C 25/10
·  by coating  [7]
 C03C 25/12
·  ·  General methods for coating; Devices therefor  [7]
 C03C 25/24 - 
C03C 25/48

Note(s)

  1. In groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/48, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [7]
  2. A coating composition, i.e. a mixture of two or more constituents, is classified in the last of groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42 that provides for at least one of these constituents. [8]
  3. When classifying in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42 any individual constituent, i.e. compound or ingredient of a coating composition, which is not identified by the classification according to Note (2), and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42[8]
  4. When classifying in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42 any individual constituent of a coating composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (2) or (3), and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of coating compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
 C03C 25/24
·  ·  Coatings containing organic materials  [7]
 C03C 25/42
·  ·  Coatings containing inorganic materials  [7]
 C03C 25/48
·  ·  with two or more coatings having different compositions  [7]
 C03C 25/48

Note(s)

When classifying in this group, any individual coating which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious must also be classified in groups C03C 25/24-C03C 25/42, according to Notes (1) to (4) before group C03C 25/24.

 C03C 25/60
·  by diffusing ions or metals into the surface  [7]
 C03C 25/62
·  by application of electric or wave energy or particle radiation, or by ion implantation (for drying or dehydration C03C 25/64)  [7]
 C03C 25/64
·  Drying; Dehydration; Dehydroxylation  [7]
 C03C 25/66
·  Chemical treatment, e.g. leaching, acid or alkali treatment (dehydroxylation C03C 25/64)  [7]
 C03C 25/68
·  ·  by etching  [7]
 C03C 25/70
·  Cleaning, e.g. for reuse (C03C 25/62-C03C 25/66 take precedence)  [7]
 C03C 27/00 - 
C03C 29/00
Joining glass to glass or to other materials
 C03C 27/00 - 
C03C 29/00

Note(s)

Layered products classified in groups C03C 27/00 or C03C 29/00 are also classified in subclass B32B.

P:10 C03C 27/00
Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing (C03C 17/00takes precedence; fusion seal compositions C03C 8/00; wired glass C03B; joining glass to ceramics C04)
 C03C 27/06
·  Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing (fusing C03B 23/00; units for use as elements for closing wall or like openings and comprising two or more parallel glass panes in spaced relationship, the panes being permanently secured together E06B 3/66)
 C03C 27/10
·  ·  with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
 C03C 27/12
·  ·  ·  Laminated glass (mechanical features in manufacture of glass laminates part of which is of plastic material B32B)
P:0 C03C 29/00
Joining metals with the aid of glass