In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
In this subclass, the following expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
"single crystal" includes also twin crystals and a predominantly single crystal product; [3]
"homogeneous polycrystalline material" means a material with crystal particles, all of which have the same chemical composition; [5]
"defined structure" means the structure of a material with grains which are oriented in a preferential way or have larger dimensions than normally obtained. [5]
In this subclass:
the preparation of single crystals or a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure of particular materials or shapes is classified in the group for the process as well as in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B 29/00; [3]
an apparatus specially adapted for a specific process is classified in the appropriate group for the process. Apparatus to be used in more than one kind of process is classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C30B 35/00. [3]
the substrate being of the same materials as the epitaxial layer [3]
C30B 25/22
· ·
Sandwich processes [3]
P:50
C30B 27/00
Single-crystal growth under a protective fluid [3]
C30B 27/02
·
by pulling from a melt [3]
P:40
C30B 28/00
Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure [5]
C30B 28/02
·
directly from the solid state [5]
C30B 28/04
·
from liquids [5]
C30B 28/06
· ·
by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient [5]
C30B 28/08
· ·
by zone-melting [5]
C30B 28/10
· ·
by pulling from a melt [5]
C30B 28/12
·
directly from the gas state [5]
C30B 28/14
· ·
by chemical reaction of reactive gases [5]
P:20
C30B 29/00
Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape (alloys Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C22C) [3,5]
with formula AMeO3, wherein A is a rare earth metal and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co, or Al, e.g. ortho ferrites [3]
C30B 29/26
· · · ·
with formula BMe2O4, wherein B is Mg, Ni, Co, Al, Zn or Cd and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co, or Al [3]
C30B 29/28
· · · ·
with formula A3Me5O12, wherein A is a rare earth metal and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co or Al, e.g. garnets [3]
C30B 29/30
· · · ·
Niobates; Vanadates; Tantalates [3]
C30B 29/32
· · · ·
Titanates; Germanates; Molybdates; Tungstates [3]
C30B 29/34
· ·
Silicates [3]
C30B 29/36
· ·
Carbides [3]
C30B 29/38
· ·
Nitrides [3]
C30B 29/40
· ·
AIIIBV compounds [3]
C30B 29/42
· · ·
Gallium arsenide [3]
C30B 29/44
· · ·
Gallium phosphide [3]
C30B 29/46
· ·
Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds [3]
C30B 29/48
· · ·
AIIBVI compounds [3]
C30B 29/50
· · · ·
Cadmium sulfide [3]
C30B 29/52
· ·
Alloys [3]
C30B 29/54
·
Organic compounds [3]
C30B 29/56
· ·
Tartrates [3]
C30B 29/58
· ·
Macromolecular compounds [3]
C30B 29/60
·
characterised by shape [3]
C30B 29/62
· ·
Whiskers or needles [3]
C30B 29/64
· ·
Flat crystals, e.g. plates, strips, disks [5]
C30B 29/66
· ·
Crystals of complex geometrical shape, e.g. tubes, cylinders [5]
C30B 29/68
· ·
Crystals with laminate structure, e.g. "superlattices" [5]
P:30
C30B 30/00
Production of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the action of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or other specific physical conditions [5]
using electric or magnetic fields or particle radiation [5]
C30B 33/06
·
Joining of crystals [5]
C30B 33/08
·
Etching [5]
C30B 33/10
· ·
in solutions or melts [5]
C30B 33/12
· ·
in gas atmosphere or plasma [5]
P:190
C30B 35/00
Apparatus in general, specially adapted for the growth, production or after-treatment of single crystals or a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure [3,5]