C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C12M-C12Q or C12S, and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. [3,5]
  3. In this subclass, unless specifically provided for, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms. Sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [5]
 C12 - 
C12S

Note(s)

The codes of subclass C12R are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclasses C12C-C12Q or C12S, so as to provide information concerning the micro-organisms used in the processes classified in these subclasses. [3]

 C12H
PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION, AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES OR REMOVAL OF ALCOHOL THEREFROM (deacidifying wine C12G 1/10; preventing winestone precipitation C12G 1/12; simulation ageing by flavouring C12G 3/06)  [6]
 C12H

Note(s)

When classifying in this subclass, classification is also made in group B01D 15/08 insofar as subject matter of general interest relating to chromatography is concerned. [8]

 C12H - 
C12H 3/00

Note(s)

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass C12R[6]

P:0 C12H 1/00
Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
 C12H 1/02
·  combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
 C12H 1/04
·  ·  with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
 C12H 1/044
·  ·  ·  with the aid of inorganic material  [6]
 C12H 1/048
·  ·  ·  ·  with silicon containing material  [6]
 C12H 1/052
·  ·  ·  with the aid of organic material  [6]
 C12H 1/056
·  ·  ·  ·  with the aid of polymers  [6]
 C12H 1/06
·  ·  Precipitation by physical means, e.g. by irradiation, vibrations
 C12H 1/065
·  ·  ·  Separation by centrifugation  [6]
 C12H 1/07
·  ·  ·  Separation by filtration  [6]
 C12H 1/075
·  ·  ·  ·  by cross-flow filtration  [6]
 C12H 1/08
·  ·  ·  by heating
 C12H 1/10
·  ·  Precipitation by chemical means
 C12H 1/12
·  without precipitation
 C12H 1/14
·  ·  with non-precipitating compounds, e.g. sulfiting; Sequestration, e.g. with chelate-producing compounds
 C12H 1/15
·  ·  ·  with enzymes  [6]
 C12H 1/16
·  ·  by physical means, e.g. irradiation
 C12H 1/18
·  ·  ·  by heating
 C12H 1/20
·  ·  ·  ·  in containers allowing for expansion of the contents
 C12H 1/22
·  Ageing or ripening by storing, e.g. lagering of beer
P:10 C12H 3/00
Removal of alcohol from alcoholic beverages to obtain alcohol-free or low-alcohol beverages (distillation or rectification of fermented solutions to obtain pure alcohol B01D 3/00; recovery of by-products of wine or beer other than low-alcohol beverages C12F 3/06; preparation of alcoholic beverages other than wine or beer by varying the composition of fermented solutions C12G 3/08)  [6]
 C12H 3/02
·  by evaporating  [6]
 C12H 3/04
·  using semi-permeable membranes  [6]