features, specific to machine tools, which relate to a requirement or problem of a nature which is not peculiar to a particular kind of machine tool, e.g. feeding work, which are covered by subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23Q, although the realisation of these features may differ according to the kind of machine tool concerned. The said subclass covers such features, in general, even if the feature or a specific function, in any particular case, is to some extent peculiar to, or is claimed only for, machine tools designed for one particular operation; only in exceptional cases are such features classified in the subclass for the machine tool concerned. Certain features of this general nature are, however, referred to subclasses relating to particular metal-working operations, especially Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23B, in which case the subclasses in question are not restricted, in respect of those features, to the kind of machine tool with which they are primarily concerned.
In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"metal-working" covers the working of other materials unless the context requires otherwise;
"kind of operations" and similar expressions relate to such metal-working operations as boring, drilling, milling and grinding;
"kind of machine" means a machine designed for a particular kind of metal-working operation (e.g. a lathe);
"form of machine" means a machine of a particular kind adapted or arranged for a particular way of working or for particular work, e.g. face-plate lathe, tailstock lathe, turret lathe;
"different machines" covers different forms of machines for performing the same type of metal-working operation, e.g. vertical and horizontal boring machines.
If details, components, or accessories have no essential feature specific to machine tools, the more general class, e.g. Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F16, takes precedence.
This subclass does not cover non-mechanical operations on non-metallic materials unless such operations are specially mentioned in this subclass.
In this subclass, the following expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"combined operations" excludes the assembling of parts if it is an essential feature of the next metal-working operation, since it is not regarded as an operation per se;
by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
P:90
B23P 13/00
Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass (making specific objects Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B23P 15/00)
B23P 13/02
·
in which only the machining operations are important
B23P 13/04
·
involving slicing of profiled material
P:10
B23P 15/00
Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
B23P 15/02
·
turbine or like blades from one piece
B23P 15/04
·
turbine or like blades from several pieces
B23P 15/06
·
piston rings from one piece
B23P 15/08
·
piston rings from several pieces
B23P 15/10
·
pistons
B23P 15/12
·
gratings
B23P 15/14
·
gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
B23P 15/16
·
plates with holes of very small diameter e.g. for spinning or burner nozzles
Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass
B23P 17/02
·
Single metal-working processes; Machines or apparatus therefor
B23P 17/04
·
characterised by the nature of the material involved or the kind of product independently of its shape
B23P 17/06
· ·
Making steel wool or the like
P:80
B23P 19/00
Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes (hand tools in general Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B25) [3]
Machines for placing washers, circlips, or the like on bolts or other members
B23P 19/10
·
Aligning parts to be fitted together [7]
B23P 19/12
· ·
Alignment of parts for insertion into bores [7]
P:60
B23P 21/00
Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
for both machining and other metal-working operations
B23P 23/06
·
Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
P:40
B23P 25/00
Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress