G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G09
EDUCATING; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
 G09B
EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B 5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B)
 G09B

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • simulators regarded as teaching or training devices, which is the case if they give perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations a student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him;
    • models of buildings, installations, or the like.
  2. This subclass does not cover:
    • simulators which merely demonstrate or illustrate the function of an apparatus or of a system by means involving computing, and therefore cannot be regarded as teaching or training devices. Such simulators are covered by class G06, if no provision exists elsewhere;
    • components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, which are covered by the relevant subclasses for these devices or machines (and not by class G09).
 G09B
Subclass index
TEACHING EQUIPMENT IN GENERAL
General principle of operation
manual or mechanical 1/00, 3/00
electrical 5/00, 7/00
operating by question and answer 3/00, 7/00
Simulators 9/00
TEACHING EQUIPMENT FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
For writing, shorthand, drawing, painting; for typing 11/00; 13/00
For music; for reading 15/00; 17/00
Models for scientific or technical training 23/00, 25/00
Planetaria, globes; maps, diagrams 27/00; 29/00
Other teaching equipment 19/00
TEACHING, AND COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND OR DEAF 21/00
P:90 G09B 1/00
Manually- or mechanically-operated educational appliances using elements forming or bearing symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways (puzzle-games A63F 9/00; advertising or displaying in general G09F)
 G09B 1/02
·  and having a support carrying or adapted to carry the elements
 G09B 1/04
·  ·  the elements each bearing a single symbol or a single combination of symbols
 G09B 1/06
·  ·  ·  and being attachable to, or mounted on, the support
 G09B 1/08
·  ·  ·  ·  by means of magnets
 G09B 1/10
·  ·  ·  ·  by means of pins and holes
 G09B 1/12
·  ·  ·  ·  by means of ring-like securing elements (sheets temporarily attached together by rings or coils B42F 3/00, B42F 5/00)
 G09B 1/14
·  ·  ·  ·  the elements being slidably mounted on the support
 G09B 1/16
·  ·  the elements each bearing a plurality of different symbols, signs, or combinations of symbols and signs, only one symbol, sign, or combination thereof, of each element to be used at a time
 G09B 1/18
·  ·  ·  the elements being rotatable
 G09B 1/20
·  ·  ·  ·  and bearing the symbols on a surface parallel to the axis of rotation
 G09B 1/22
·  ·  ·  ·  and bearing the symbols on a surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation
 G09B 1/24
·  ·  ·  the elements being in flexible-strip form, e.g. endless bands
 G09B 1/26
·  ·  ·  the elements being arranged in fan form
 G09B 1/28
·  ·  ·  the elements being slidable
 G09B 1/30
·  ·  wherein the elements are adapted to be arranged in co-operation with the support to form symbols (without special support G09B 1/40)
 G09B 1/32
·  comprising elements to be used without a special support
 G09B 1/34
·  ·  the elements to be placed loosely in adjacent relationship
 G09B 1/36
·  ·  the elements being connectible by corresponding projections and recesses
 G09B 1/38
·  ·  the elements being connectible magnetically
 G09B 1/40
·  ·  to form symbols or signs by appropriate arrangement
P:80 G09B 3/00
Manually- or mechanically-operated teaching appliances working with questions and answers (electrically-operated G09B 7/00; advertising or displaying in general G09F)
 G09B 3/02
·  of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by the student
 G09B 3/04
·  ·  of chart form (masks G09B 17/02)
 G09B 3/06
·  of the multiple-choice answer type, i.e. where a given question is provided with a series of answers and a choice has to be made
 G09B 3/08
·  ·  of chart form (having one set of answers common to a plurality of questions G09B 3/12)
 G09B 3/10
·  ·  wherein one set of answers is common to a plurality of questions
 G09B 3/12
·  ·  ·  of chart form
P:70 G09B 5/00
Electrically-operated educational appliances (working with questions and answers G09B 7/00; simulators G09B 9/00; advertising or displaying in general G09F)  [2]
 G09B 5/02 - 
G09B 5/06

Note(s)

Group G09B 5/08 takes precedence over groups G09B 5/02-G09B 5/06.  [2]

 G09B 5/02
·  with visual presentation of the material to be studied, e.g. using film strip
 G09B 5/04
·  with audible presentation of the material to be studied (reading and recognising printed or written characters G06K 9/00; sound-recording or reproducing G11B)
 G09B 5/06
·  with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied
 G09B 5/08
·  providing for individual presentation of information to a plurality of student stations  [2]
 G09B 5/10
·  ·  all student stations being capable of presenting the same information simultaneously (G09B 5/14 takes precedence)  [2]
 G09B 5/12
·  ·  different stations being capable of presenting different information simultaneously (G09B 5/14 takes precedence)  [2]
 G09B 5/14
·  ·  with provision for individual teacher-student communication  [2]
P:60 G09B 7/00
Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers (mechanically- operated G09B 3/00; computing arrangements G06F)
 G09B 7/02
·  of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by the student
 G09B 7/04
·  ·  characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying a further explanation
 G09B 7/06
·  of the multiple-choice answer type, i.e. where a given question is provided with a series of answers and a choice has to be made from the answers
 G09B 7/07
·  ·  providing for individual presentation of questions to a plurality of student stations  [2]
 G09B 7/073
·  ·  ·  all student stations being capable of presenting the same questions simultaneously  [2]
 G09B 7/077
·  ·  ·  different stations being capable of presenting different questions simultaneously  [2]
 G09B 7/08
·  ·  characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying further information
 G09B 7/10
·  ·  wherein a set of answers is common to a plurality of questions
 G09B 7/12
·  ·  ·  characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying further information
P:10 G09B 9/00
Simulators for teaching or training purposes (for the use of weapons F41; computing aspects G06)
 G09B 9/02
·  for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
 G09B 9/04
·  ·  for teaching control of land vehicles
 G09B 9/042
·  ·  ·  providing simulation in a real vehicle (G09B 9/052, G09B 9/058 take precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/048
·  ·  ·  a model being viewed and manoeuvred from a remote point (G09B 9/052, G09B 9/058 take precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/05
·  ·  ·  the view from a vehicle being simulated (G09B 9/052, G09B 9/058 take precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/052
·  ·  ·  characterised by provision for recording or measuring trainee's performance (devices for psychotechnics, e.g. for vehicle drivers, A61B 5/16, A61B 5/18)  [5]
 G09B 9/058
·  ·  ·  for teaching control of cycles or motocycles  [5]
 G09B 9/06
·  ·  for teaching control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehicles  [2]
 G09B 9/08
·  ·  for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
 G09B 9/10
·  ·  ·  with simulated flight- or engine-generated force being applied to aircraft occupant (G09B 9/28 takes precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/12
·  ·  ·  Motion systems for aircraft simulators  [5]
 G09B 9/14
·  ·  ·  ·  controlled by fluid actuated piston or cylinder ram  [5]
 G09B 9/16
·  ·  ·  Ambient or aircraft conditions simulated or indicated by instrument or alarm  [5]
 G09B 9/18
·  ·  ·  ·  Condition of engine or fuel supply  [5]
 G09B 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  Simulation or indication of aircraft attitude  [5]
 G09B 9/22
·  ·  ·  including aircraft sound simulation  [5]
 G09B 9/24
·  ·  ·  including display or recording of simulated flight path  [5]
 G09B 9/26
·  ·  ·  Simulation of radio-navigation  [5]
 G09B 9/28
·  ·  ·  Simulation of stick forces or the like  [5]
 G09B 9/30
·  ·  ·  Simulation of view from aircraft  [5]
 G09B 9/32
·  ·  ·  ·  by projected image (G09B 9/36 takes precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/34
·  ·  ·  ·  by cathode-ray screen display (G09B 9/36 takes precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/36
·  ·  ·  ·  Simulation of night or reduced visibility flight  [5]
 G09B 9/38
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Simulation of runway outlining or approach lights  [5]
 G09B 9/40
·  ·  ·  Simulation of airborne radar  [5]
 G09B 9/42
·  ·  ·  Aircraft, aircraft simulator, or means connected thereto, travelling on the ground or water during simulated flight training  [5]
 G09B 9/44
·  ·  ·  providing simulation in a real aircraft flying through the atmosphere without restriction of its path  [5]
 G09B 9/46
·  ·  ·  the aircraft being a helicopter  [5]
 G09B 9/46

Note(s)

When classifying in group G09B 9/46, classification is also made in other appropriate subgroups of group G09B 9/08, if of interest.  [5]

 G09B 9/48
·  ·  ·  a model being viewed and manoeuvred from a remote point  [5]
 G09B 9/50
·  ·  ·  Automatically directing the course of the aircraft  [5]
 G09B 9/52
·  ·  for teaching control of an outer space vehicle  [5]
 G09B 9/54
·  Simulation of radar (G09B 9/40 takes precedence)  [5]
 G09B 9/56
·  Simulation of sonar  [5]
P:20 G09B 11/00
Teaching hand-writing, shorthand, drawing, or painting
 G09B 11/02
·  Finger, hand, or arm supporting devices
 G09B 11/04
·  Guide sheets or plates; Tracing charts (templets for drawing purposes B43L 13/20)
 G09B 11/06
·  Devices involving the use of transparent or translucent tracing material, e.g. copy books
 G09B 11/08
·  Teaching shorthand
 G09B 11/10
·  Teaching painting
P:30 G09B 13/00
Teaching typing
 G09B 13/02
·  Dummy practice keyboard apparatus (for teaching music G09B 15/08)
 G09B 13/04
·  Devices used in association with a real typewriter, teleprinter, or the like
P:40 G09B 15/00
Teaching music (metronomes G04F 5/02)
 G09B 15/02
·  Boards or like means for providing an indication of notes
 G09B 15/04
·  ·  with sound-emitters
 G09B 15/06
·  Devices for exercising or strengthening fingers or arms; Devices for holding fingers or arms in a proper position for playing (for teaching typing G09B 13/00; exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles for physical training A63B 21/00, A63B 23/00)
 G09B 15/08
·  Practice keyboards (for teaching typing G09B 13/02)
P:50 G09B 17/00
Teaching reading (teaching lip-reading G09B 21/06)
 G09B 17/02
·  Line indicators or other guides or masks
 G09B 17/04
·  for increasing the rate of reading; Reading rate control
P:140 G09B 19/00
Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass (teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying F41G 3/26)
 G09B 19/02
·  Counting; Calculating (abacus G06C 1/00)
 G09B 19/04
·  Speaking (with audible presentation of the material to be studied G09B 5/04)
 G09B 19/06
·  Foreign languages (with audible presentation of the material to be studied G09B 5/04)
 G09B 19/08
·  ·  Printed or written appliances, e.g. textbooks, bilingual letter assemblies, charts
 G09B 19/10
·  Modelling
 G09B 19/12
·  Clock-reading
 G09B 19/14
·  Traffic procedures, e.g. traffic regulations
 G09B 19/16
·  Control of vehicles or other craft (simulators G09B 9/02)
 G09B 19/18
·  Book-keeping or economics
 G09B 19/20
·  Needlework
 G09B 19/22
·  Games, e.g. card games
 G09B 19/24
·  Use of tools
 G09B 19/26
·  Dot-and-dash telegraph codes  [2]
P:0 G09B 21/00
Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute (audible presentation of material to be studied G09B 5/04; devices or methods for replacing direct visual or auditory perception by another kind of perception A61F 9/08, A61F 11/04; audible indication of meter readings or of colour G01D 7/12; watches for blind persons G04B 25/02; methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters G06K 9/00; speech analysis, speech recognition G10L; sound-recording or reproducing, per se G11B)  [2,4]
 G09B 21/02
·  Devices for Braille writing (typewriters for Braille B41J 3/32)
 G09B 21/04
·  Devices for conversing with the deaf-blind
 G09B 21/06
·  Devices for teaching lip-reading
P:100 G09B 23/00
Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized device for demonstration purposes (in the nature of toys A63H)
 G09B 23/02
·  for mathematics (for statics or dynamics G09B 23/08)
 G09B 23/04
·  ·  for geometry, trigonometry, projection, or perspective (for surveying G09B 25/06)
 G09B 23/06
·  for physics
 G09B 23/08
·  ·  for statics or dynamics
 G09B 23/10
·  ·  ·  of solid bodies
 G09B 23/12
·  ·  ·  of liquids or gases
 G09B 23/14
·  ·  for acoustics
 G09B 23/16
·  ·  for science of heat
 G09B 23/18
·  ·  for electricity or magnetism
 G09B 23/20
·  ·  for atomic physics or nucleonics
 G09B 23/22
·  ·  for optics
 G09B 23/24
·  for chemistry
 G09B 23/26
·  for molecular structures; for crystallography
 G09B 23/28
·  for medicine
 G09B 23/30
·  ·  Anatomical models (dental articulators A61C 11/00)
 G09B 23/32
·  ·  ·  with moving parts
 G09B 23/34
·  ·  ·  with removable parts
 G09B 23/36
·  for zoology
 G09B 23/38
·  for botany
 G09B 23/40
·  for geology
P:110 G09B 25/00
Models for purposes not provided for in group G09B 23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes (model vehicles, tracks therefor, models in the nature of toys A63H)
 G09B 25/02
·  of industrial processes; of machinery
 G09B 25/04
·  of buildings
 G09B 25/06
·  for surveying; for geography, e.g. relief models (globes G09B 27/00; maps G09B 29/00)
 G09B 25/08
·  of scenic effects, e.g. trees, rocks, water surfaces (for stage purposes A63J 1/00)
P:120 G09B 27/00
Planetaria; Globes
 G09B 27/02
·  Tellurions; Orreries
 G09B 27/04
·  Star maps
 G09B 27/06
·  Celestial globes
 G09B 27/08
·  Globes (celestial globes G09B 27/06)
P:130 G09B 29/00
Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram (star maps G09B 27/04; devices for holding or supporting maps A47B 97/02; for computing purposes G06G 1/14, G06G 1/16; display boards G09F)
 G09B 29/02
·  sectional
 G09B 29/04
·  ·  the sections being arranged in the form of a foldable sheet or sheets
 G09B 29/06
·  of belt form, e.g. endless belt
 G09B 29/08
·  Hanging maps or the like
 G09B 29/10
·  Map spot or co-ordinate position indicators; Map-reading aids (optical projection apparatus G03B)
 G09B 29/12
·  Relief maps (relief models G09B 25/06)
 G09B 29/14
·  Local-time charts