C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C11
ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES (edible oil or fat compositions A23)
 C11D
DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS (preparations specially adapted for washing the hair A61K 8/00, A61Q 5/12; methods or apparatus for disinfection or sterilisation A61L; special washing compositions for cleaning semi-permeable membranes B01D 65/06); USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
 C11D

Note(s)

  1. When classifying in the mixture groups of this subclass, any individual ingredient of a composition which is not identified by such classification, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in groups C11D 1/00-C11D 9/00. The individual ingredient can be either a single substance or a composition in itself. [8]
  2. Any ingredient of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (1) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in groups C11D 1/00-C11D 9/00. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
 C11D
Subclass index
SURFACE-ACTIVE DETERGENTS
Non-soap 1/00, 3/00
Based on soap 9/00
NON-SURFACE-ACTIVE DETERGENTS 7/00
DETERGENT MIXTURES 10/00, 11/00
SOAP-MAKING; GLYCEROL 13/00, 15/00; 19/00
SHAPE 17/00
 C11D 1/00 - 
C11D 3/00
Surface-active non-soap detergents
P:50 C11D 1/00
Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
 C11D 1/02 - 
C11D 1/88

Note(s)

In groups C11D 1/02-C11D 1/88, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

 C11D 1/02
·  Anionic compounds
 C11D 1/04
·  ·  Carboxylic acids or salts thereof (soap C11D 9/00)
 C11D 1/06
·  ·  ·  Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
 C11D 1/08
·  ·  ·  Polycarboxylic acids containing no nitrogen or sulfur
 C11D 1/10
·  ·  ·  Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
 C11D 1/12
·  ·  Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof (C11D 3/065 takes precedence)
 C11D 1/14
·  ·  ·  derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
 C11D 1/16
·  ·  ·  derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols
 C11D 1/18
·  ·  ·  derived from amino alcohols
 C11D 1/20
·  ·  ·  ·  Fatty acid condensates
 C11D 1/22
·  ·  ·  derived from aromatic compounds
 C11D 1/24
·  ·  ·  ·  containing ester or ether groups directly attached to the nucleus
 C11D 1/26
·  ·  ·  derived from heterocyclic compounds
 C11D 1/28
·  ·  ·  Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
 C11D 1/29
·  ·  ·  Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers  [2]
 C11D 1/30
·  ·  ·  Sulfonation products derived from lignin
 C11D 1/32
·  ·  Protein hydrolysates; Fatty acid condensates thereof
 C11D 1/34
·  ·  Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
 C11D 1/36
·  ·  of unknown constitution
 C11D 1/37
·  ·  Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
 C11D 1/38
·  Cationic compounds
 C11D 1/40
·  ·  Monoamines or polyamines; Salts thereof
 C11D 1/42
·  ·  Amino alcohols or amino ethers
 C11D 1/44
·  ·  ·  Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines
 C11D 1/46
·  ·  Esters of carboxylic acids with amino alcohols; Esters of amino carboxylic acids with alcohols
 C11D 1/48
·  ·  N-containing polycondensation products
 C11D 1/50
·  ·  Derivatives of urea, thiourea, cyanamide, guanidine or urethanes
 C11D 1/52
·  ·  Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides (C11D 3/07 takes precedence)
 C11D 1/54
·  ·  Hydrazides of carboxylic acids
 C11D 1/56
·  ·  containing nitro or nitroso groups
 C11D 1/58
·  ·  Heterocyclic compounds
 C11D 1/60
·  ·  Sulfonium or phosphonium compounds
 C11D 1/62
·  ·  Quaternary ammonium compounds
 C11D 1/64
·  ·  of unknown constitution
 C11D 1/645
·  ·  Mixtures of compounds all of which are cationic
 C11D 1/65
·  ·  Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
 C11D 1/655
·  ·  ·  of sulfonated products with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids (C11D 3/066 takes precedence)
 C11D 1/66
·  Non-ionic compounds
 C11D 1/68
·  ·  Alcohols; Oxidation products of paraffin wax, other than acids
 C11D 1/70
·  ·  Phenols
 C11D 1/72
·  ·  Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols (C11D 3/075 takes precedence)
 C11D 1/722
·  ·  Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes having mixed oxyalkylene groups  [2]
 C11D 1/74
·  ·  Carboxylates or sulfonates of polyoxyalkylene glycols
 C11D 1/75
·  ·  Amino oxides  [2]
 C11D 1/755
·  ·  Sulfoxides  [2]
 C11D 1/76
·  ·  Synthetic resins containing no nitrogen
 C11D 1/78
·  ·  Neutral esters of acids of phosphorus
 C11D 1/79
·  ·  Phosphine oxides  [2]
 C11D 1/80
·  ·  Derivatives of lignin containing no sulfo- or sulfate groups
 C11D 1/82
·  ·  Compounds containing silicon
 C11D 1/825
·  ·  Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-anionic
 C11D 1/83
·  ·  Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
 C11D 1/831
·  ·  ·  of sulfonates with ethers of polyoxyalkylenes without phosphates
 C11D 1/835
·  ·  Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
 C11D 1/86
·  Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
 C11D 1/88
·  Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds  [2]
 C11D 1/90
·  ·  Betaines  [2]
 C11D 1/92
·  ·  Sulfobetaines  [2]
 C11D 1/94
·  ·  Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds  [2]
P:60 C11D 3/00
Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D 1/00
 C11D 3/02 - 
C11D 3/39

Note(s)

In groups C11D 3/02-C11D 3/39, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.  [2]

 C11D 3/02
·  Inorganic compounds
 C11D 3/04
·  ·  Water-soluble compounds
 C11D 3/06
·  ·  ·  Phosphates, including polyphosphates
 C11D 3/065
·  ·  ·  ·  in admixture with sulfonated products
 C11D 3/066
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  and with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids
 C11D 3/07
·  ·  ·  ·  in a mixture with alkylolamides of carbocyclic acids
 C11D 3/075
·  ·  ·  ·  in admixture with ethers of polyoxyalkylenes
 C11D 3/08
·  ·  ·  Silicates
 C11D 3/10
·  ·  ·  Carbonates
 C11D 3/12
·  ·  Water-insoluble compounds
 C11D 3/14
·  ·  ·  Pigments; Fillers; Abrasives
 C11D 3/16
·  Organic compounds
 C11D 3/18
·  ·  Hydrocarbons
 C11D 3/20
·  ·  containing oxygen
 C11D 3/22
·  ·  ·  Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
 C11D 3/24
·  ·  containing halogen
 C11D 3/26
·  ·  containing nitrogen
 C11D 3/28
·  ·  ·  Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring
 C11D 3/30
·  ·  ·  Amines; Substituted amines
 C11D 3/32
·  ·  ·  Amides; Substituted amides
 C11D 3/33
·  ·  ·  Amino carboxylic acids  [2]
 C11D 3/34
·  ·  containing sulfur
 C11D 3/36
·  ·  containing phosphorus
 C11D 3/37
·  ·  Polymers  [2]
 C11D 3/38
·  ·  Products with no well-defined composition
 C11D 3/382
·  ·  ·  Vegetable products, e.g. soya meal, wood flour, sawdust  [2]
 C11D 3/384
·  ·  ·  Animal products  [2]
 C11D 3/386
·  ·  ·  Preparations containing enzymes  [2]
 C11D 3/39
·  Organic or inorganic per-compounds  [2]
 C11D 3/395
·  Bleaching agents  [2]
 C11D 3/40
·  Dyes  [2]
 C11D 3/42
·  ·  Brightening agents  [2]
 C11D 3/43
·  Solvents  [2]
 C11D 3/44
·  ·  Mixed solvents
 C11D 3/46
·  Superfatting agents  [2]
 C11D 3/48
·  Medicinal or disinfecting agents  [2]
 C11D 3/50
·  Perfumes  [2]
 C11D 3/60
·  Mixtures of compounding ingredients  [2]
   
P:70 C11D 7/00
Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
 C11D 7/02 - 
C11D 7/22

Note(s)

In groups C11D 7/02-C11D 7/22, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

 C11D 7/02
·  Inorganic compounds
 C11D 7/04
·  ·  Water-soluble compounds
 C11D 7/06
·  ·  ·  Hydroxides
 C11D 7/08
·  ·  ·  Acids
 C11D 7/10
·  ·  ·  Salts
 C11D 7/12
·  ·  ·  ·  Carbonates
 C11D 7/14
·  ·  ·  ·  Silicates
 C11D 7/16
·  ·  ·  ·  Phosphates including polyphosphates
 C11D 7/18
·  ·  Peroxides; Persalts
 C11D 7/20
·  ·  Water-insoluble oxides
 C11D 7/22
·  Organic compounds
 C11D 7/24
·  ·  Hydrocarbons
 C11D 7/26
·  ·  containing oxygen
 C11D 7/28
·  ·  containing halogen
 C11D 7/30
·  ·  ·  Halogenated hydrocarbons
 C11D 7/32
·  ·  containing nitrogen
 C11D 7/34
·  ·  containing sulfur
 C11D 7/36
·  ·  containing phosphorus
 C11D 7/38
·  ·  Per-compounds
 C11D 7/40
·  ·  Products in which the composition is not well defined
 C11D 7/42
·  ·  ·  Preparations containing enzymes
 C11D 7/44
·  ·  ·  Vegetable products (C11D 7/42 takes precedence)
 C11D 7/46
·  ·  ·  Animal products (C11D 7/42 takes precedence)
 C11D 7/50
·  Solvents  [2]
 C11D 7/52
·  ·  combined with promoters  [2]
 C11D 7/54
·  Bleaching agents  [2]
 C11D 7/56
·  ·  combined with phosphates  [2]
 C11D 7/60
·  Mixtures of non-surface-active compounds  [2]
 C11D 9/00
Soap Detergents
P:40 C11D 9/00
Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap (compositions containing resin soap C11D 15/04)
 C11D 9/02
·  on alkali or ammonium soaps
 C11D 9/04
·  containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
 C11D 9/06 - 
C11D 9/42

Note(s)

In groups C11D 9/06-C11D 9/42, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.

 C11D 9/06
·  ·  Inorganic compounds
 C11D 9/08
·  ·  ·  Water-soluble compounds
 C11D 9/10
·  ·  ·  ·  Salts
 C11D 9/12
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Carbonates
 C11D 9/14
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Phosphates; Polyphosphates
 C11D 9/16
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Borates
 C11D 9/18
·  ·  ·  Water-insoluble compounds
 C11D 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  Pigments; Fillers; Abrasives
 C11D 9/22
·  ·  Organic compounds
 C11D 9/24
·  ·  ·  Hydrocarbons
 C11D 9/26
·  ·  ·  containing oxygen
 C11D 9/28
·  ·  ·  containing halogen
 C11D 9/30
·  ·  ·  containing nitrogen
 C11D 9/32
·  ·  ·  containing sulfur
 C11D 9/34
·  ·  ·  containing phosphorus
 C11D 9/36
·  ·  ·  containing silicon
 C11D 9/38
·  ·  ·  Products in which the composition is not well defined
 C11D 9/40
·  ·  ·  Proteins
 C11D 9/42
·  ·  Per-compounds
 C11D 9/44
·  ·  Perfumes; Colouring materials; Brightening agents
 C11D 9/48
·  ·  Superfatting agents
 C11D 9/50
·  ·  Medicinal or disinfecting agents
 C11D 9/60
·  ·  Mixtures of compounding ingredients  [2]
   
P:20 C11D 10/00
Compositions of detergents, not provided for by any single one of main groups C11D 1/00-C11D 9/00  [2]
 C11D 10/02
·  based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap and non-surface-active compounds  [2]
 C11D 10/04
·  based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap  [2]
 C11D 10/06
·  based on mixtures of non-surface-active compounds and soap  [2]
P:30 C11D 11/00
Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
 C11D 11/02
·  Preparation in the form of powder by spray-drying
 C11D 11/04
·  by chemical means, e.g. sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
 C11D 13/00 - 
C11D 15/00
Soap or soap-making; Resin soaps
P:90 C11D 13/00
Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor (resin soap C11D 15/00)
 C11D 13/02
·  Boiling soap; Refining
 C11D 13/04
·  ·  Continuous methods therefor
 C11D 13/06
·  ·  Bleaching of soap or soap solutions
 C11D 13/08
·  Colouring or perfuming
 C11D 13/10
·  Mixing; Kneading
 C11D 13/12
·  Cooling (C11D 13/14 takes precedence)
 C11D 13/14
·  Shaping
 C11D 13/16
·  ·  in moulds
 C11D 13/18
·  ·  by extrusion or by pressing
 C11D 13/20
·  ·  in the form of small particles, e.g. powder, flakes (by slicing C11D 13/24)
 C11D 13/22
·  Cutting
 C11D 13/24
·  ·  Slicing soap on the cooling drum
 C11D 13/26
·  Drying (drying ovens F27)
 C11D 13/28
·  Embossing; Polishing
 C11D 13/30
·  Recovery of soap, e.g. from spent solutions
P:80 C11D 15/00
Manufacture of resin soap or soaps derived from naphthenic acids; Compositions
 C11D 15/02
·  Apparatus therefor
 C11D 15/04
·  Compositions containing resin soap or soap derived from naphthenic acids
   
P:10 C11D 17/00
Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties (shaping soap C11D 13/14)
 C11D 17/02
·  Floating bodies of detergents
 C11D 17/04
·  combined with or containing other objects
 C11D 17/06
·  Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
 C11D 17/08
·  Liquid soap; capsuled
P:0 C11D 19/00
Recovery of glycerol from a saponification liquor (refining glycerol C07C 31/22)