F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
 F01 - 
F04
Subsection index
MACHINES
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating piston
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01C
liquid onlyF04C
reciprocating piston or other
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01B
liquid onlyF04B
non-positive displacement
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01D
liquid onlyF03B
ENGINES
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating piston
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01C
liquid onlyF03C
reciprocating piston or other
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01B
liquid onlyF03C
non-positive displacement
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01D
liquid onlyF03B
PUMPS
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating pistonF04C
reciprocating piston or otherF04B
non-positive displacementF04D
  
ENGINEERING IN GENERAL
 F16
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
 F16F
SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
 F16F

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers;
    • their arrangement in, or adaptation for, particular apparatus, if not provided for in the subclasses covering said apparatus.  [5]
  2. This subclass does not cover the arrangement or adaptation of springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers in, or for, particular apparatus, if provided for in the subclasses concerning the said apparatus, e.g.
    A47C 23/00-A47C 27/00Spring mattresses 
    A63C 5/075Vibration dampers in skis 
    B60GVehicle suspensions 
    B60R 19/24Mounting of bumpers on vehicles 
    B61FRail vehicle suspensions 
    B61G 11/00Buffers for railway or tramway vehicles 
    B62D 21/15Vehicle chassis frames having impact absorbing means 
    B62J 1/02Resiliently mounted saddles on cycles 
    B62K 21/08Steering dampers 
    B63H 1/15Marine propellers having vibration-damping means 
    B63H 21/30Anti-vibration mounting of marine propulsion plant in ships 
    B64C 25/58Arrangement of shock-absorbers or springs in aeroplane alighting gear 
    B65D 81/02Containers, packing elements or packages with shock-absorbing means 
    D06F 37/20Resilient mountings in washing machines 
    D06F 49/06Resilient mountings in domestic spin-dryers 
    F03G 1/00Spring motors 
    F21V 15/04Resilient mounting of lighting devices 
    F41A 25/00Gun cradles to permit recoil 
    F41B 5/20Vibration dampers for archery bows 
    G01D 11/00Indicating or recording in connection with measuring 
    G01G 21/10Weighing apparatus, e.g. arrangement of shock-absorbers in weighing apparatus 
    G04BClocks, watches 
    G12B 3/08Damping of movements in instruments 
    G21C 7/20Disposition of shock-absorbing devices for displacable control elements in nuclear reactors. 
 F16F
Subclass index
SPRINGS
Friction type; fluid type; magnetic type 1/00, 3/00; 5/00, 9/00; 6/00
VIBRATION-DAMPERS OR SHOCK-ABSORBERS
Friction type; fluid type 7/00, 11/00; 9/00, 11/00
UNITS COMBINING SPRINGS AND VIBRATION-DAMPERS OR SHOCK-ABSORBERS 13/00
SUPPRESSION OF VIBRATION, BALANCING 15/00
P:80 F16F 1/00
Springs (working with fluid F16F 5/00, F16F 9/00)
 F16F 1/02
·  made of steel or other material having low internal friction (F16F 1/36 takes precedence); Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant  [6]
 F16F 1/04
·  ·  Wound springs
 F16F 1/06
·  ·  ·  with turns lying in cylindrical surfaces
 F16F 1/08
·  ·  ·  with turns lying in mainly conical surfaces
 F16F 1/10
·  ·  ·  Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces
 F16F 1/12
·  ·  ·  Attachments or mountings
 F16F 1/13
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising inserts or spacers between the windings for changing the mechanical or physical characteristics of the spring  [6]
 F16F 1/14
·  ·  Torsion springs consisting of bars or tubes
 F16F 1/16
·  ·  ·  Attachments or mountings
 F16F 1/18
·  ·  Leaf springs
 F16F 1/20
·  ·  ·  with layers, e.g. anti-friction layers, or with rollers between the leaves
 F16F 1/22
·  ·  ·  with means for modifying the spring characteristic
 F16F 1/24
·  ·  ·  Lubrication; Covers, e.g. for retaining lubricant
 F16F 1/26
·  ·  ·  Attachments or mountings (B60G 11/10 takes precedence)  [5]
 F16F 1/28
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising cylindrical metal pins pivoted in close-fitting sleeves
 F16F 1/30
·  ·  ·  ·  comprising intermediate pieces made of rubber or similar elastic material
 F16F 1/32
·  ·  Cup springs; Dished disc springs (diaphragms F16J 3/00)
 F16F 1/34
·  ·  Ring springs, i.e. annular bodies deformed radially due to axial load
 F16F 1/36
·  made of plastics, e.g. rubber; made of material having high internal friction
 F16F 1/362
·  ·  made of steel wool or compressed hair  [6]
 F16F 1/364
·  ·  made of cork, wood or the like material  [6]
 F16F 1/366
·  ·  made of fibre reinforced plastics  [6]
 F16F 1/368
·  ·  ·  Leaf springs  [6]
 F16F 1/37
·  ·  of foam-like material, e.g. sponge rubber
 F16F 1/371
·  ·  characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension elements, e.g. for rigidification (F16F 1/366, F16F 1/387 take precedence)  [6]
 F16F 1/373
·  ·  characterised by having a particular shape  [6]
 F16F 1/374
·  ·  ·  having a spherical or the like shape  [6]
 F16F 1/376
·  ·  ·  having projections, studs, serrations or the like on at least one surface (F16F 1/387 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 1/377
·  ·  ·  having holes or openings (F16F 1/387 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 1/379
·  ·  characterised by arrangements for regulating the spring temperature, e.g. by cooling  [6]
 F16F 1/38
·  ·  with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin
 F16F 1/387
·  ·  ·  comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions  [6]
 F16F 1/393
·  ·  ·  with spherical or conical sleeves  [6]
 F16F 1/40
·  ·  consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers
 F16F 1/41
·  ·  ·  the spring consisting of generally conically arranged elements  [6]
 F16F 1/42
·  ·  characterised by the mode of stressing
 F16F 1/44
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in compression
 F16F 1/46
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in tension
 F16F 1/48
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in torsion
 F16F 1/50
·  ·  ·  loaded mainly in shear
 F16F 1/52
·  ·  ·  loaded in combined stresses
 F16F 1/54
·  ·  ·  ·  loaded in compression and shear
P:30 F16F 3/00
Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic (including fluid springs F16F 5/00, F16F 13/00)
 F16F 3/02
·  with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
 F16F 3/04
·  ·  composed only of wound springs
 F16F 3/06
·  ·  ·  of which some are placed around others in such a way that they damp each other by mutual friction
 F16F 3/07
·  ·  combined with chambers filled with gas or liquid
 F16F 3/08
·  with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
 F16F 3/087
·  ·  Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material (F16F 1/40 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 3/093
·  ·  ·  the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber  [6]
 F16F 3/10
·  ·  combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
 F16F 3/12
·  ·  ·  the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring, e.g. being embedded in it  [6]
P:10 F16F 5/00
Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs
P:50 F16F 6/00
Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs
P:70 F16F 7/00
Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers (using fluid F16F 5/00, F16F 9/00; specific for rotary systems F16F 15/10)
 F16F 7/01
·  using friction between loose particles, e.g. sand  [6]
 F16F 7/02
·  with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together (F16F 7/01 takes precedence; one of the members being a spring F16F 13/02)  [6]
 F16F 7/04
·  ·  in the direction of the axis of rotation
 F16F 7/06
·  ·  in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the axis of rotation
 F16F 7/08
·  with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other (F16F 7/01 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 7/09
·  ·  in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type  [6]
 F16F 7/10
·  using inertia effect
 F16F 7/104
·  ·  the inertia member being resiliently mounted  [6]
 F16F 7/108
·  ·  ·  on plastics springs  [6]
 F16F 7/112
·  ·  ·  on fluid springs  [6]
 F16F 7/116
·  ·  ·  on metal springs  [6]
 F16F 7/12
·  using plastic deformation of members
 F16F 7/14
·  of cable-support type, i.e. frictionally-engaged loop-forming cables
P:60 F16F 9/00
Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium (F16F 5/00 takes precedence; connection of valves to inflatable elastic bodies B60C 29/00; door-operating appliances with fluid braking systems E05F)
 F16F 9/02
·  using gas only
 F16F 9/04
·  ·  in a chamber with a flexible wall
 F16F 9/05
·  ·  ·  the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type  [5]
 F16F 9/06
·  using both gas and liquid
 F16F 9/08
·  ·  in a chamber with a flexible wall
 F16F 9/084
·  ·  ·  comprising a gas spring contained within a flexible wall, the wall not being in contact with the damping fluid, i.e. mounted externally on the damper cylinder  [6]
 F16F 9/088
·  ·  ·  comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided within the cylinder on the piston rod of a monotubular damper or within the inner tube of a bitubular damper  [6]
 F16F 9/092
·  ·  ·  comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided between the tubes of a bitubular damper  [6]
 F16F 9/096
·  ·  ·  comprising a hydropneumatic accumulator of the membrane type provided on the upper or the lower end of a damper or separately from or laterally on the damper  [6]
 F16F 9/10
·  using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
 F16F 9/12
·  ·  Devices with one or more rotary vanes turning in the fluid, any throttling effect being immaterial
 F16F 9/14
·  ·  Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
 F16F 9/16
·  ·  ·  involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
 F16F 9/18
·  ·  ·  ·  with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
 F16F 9/19
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with a single cylinder
 F16F 9/20
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder
 F16F 9/22
·  ·  ·  ·  with one or more cylinders, each having a single working space closed by a piston or plunger
 F16F 9/24
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with a single cylinder and a single piston or plunger
 F16F 9/26
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with two cylinders in line and with the two pistons or plungers connected together
 F16F 9/28
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  with two parallel cylinders and with the two pistons or plungers connected together
 F16F 9/30
·  with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium
 F16F 9/32
·  Details
 F16F 9/34
·  ·  Special valve constructions (valves in general F16K); Shape or construction of throttling passages
 F16F 9/342
·  ·  ·  Throttling passages operating with metering pins
 F16F 9/344
·  ·  ·  Vortex flow passages  [6]
 F16F 9/346
·  ·  ·  Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
 F16F 9/348
·  ·  ·  Throttling passages in the form of annular discs operating in opposite directions
 F16F 9/36
·  ·  Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods
 F16F 9/38
·  ·  Covers for protection or appearance
 F16F 9/40
·  ·  Arrangements for preventing froth
 F16F 9/42
·  ·  Cooling arrangements
 F16F 9/43
·  ·  Filling arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas
 F16F 9/44
·  ·  Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction (F16F 9/53, F16F 9/56 take precedence; temperature correction only F16F 9/52)  [5,6]
 F16F 9/46
·  ·  ·  allowing control from a distance
 F16F 9/48
·  ·  Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke (F16F 9/53, F16F 9/56 take precedence)  [5,6]
 F16F 9/49
·  ·  ·  Stops limiting fluid passage, e.g. hydraulic stops
 F16F 9/50
·  ·  Special means providing automatic damping adjustment (F16F 9/53, F16F 9/56 take precedence)  [5,6]
 F16F 9/504
·  ·  ·  Inertia-sensitive means  [6]
 F16F 9/508
·  ·  ·  Means responsive to the velocity of movement of the piston  [6]
 F16F 9/512
·  ·  ·  Means responsive to load action on the damper or fluid pressure in the damper  [6]
 F16F 9/516
·  ·  ·  resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension  [6]
 F16F 9/52
·  ·  ·  in case of change of temperature (combined with external adjustment F16F 9/44)
 F16F 9/53
·  ·  Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically  [5]
 F16F 9/54
·  ·  Arrangements for attachment
 F16F 9/56
·  ·  Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or damper, e.g. at the end of the stroke  [6]
 F16F 9/58
·  ·  Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder (F16F 9/49 takes precedence)  [6]
P:40 F16F 11/00
Vibration-dampers or shock-absorbers working with both friction and a damping fluid
P:20 F16F 13/00
Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs (F16F 5/00 takes precedence)
 F16F 13/02
·  damping by frictional contact between the spring and braking means (frictionally coacting wound springs F16F 3/06)
 F16F 13/04
·  comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper  [6]
 F16F 13/06
·  ·  the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper (F16F 13/26 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/08
·  ·  ·  the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper (F16F 13/20-F16F 13/24 take precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/10
·  ·  ·  ·  the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like (F16F 13/12-F16F 13/18 take precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/12
·  ·  ·  ·  Single chamber dampers (F16F 13/14 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/14
·  ·  ·  ·  Units of the bushing type  [6]
 F16F 13/16
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  specially adapted for receiving axial loads  [6]
 F16F 13/18
·  ·  ·  ·  characterised by the location or the shape of the equilibration chamber, e.g. the equilibration chamber surrounding the plastics spring or being annular (F16F 13/14 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/20
·  ·  ·  characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring (F16F 13/22 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/22
·  ·  ·  characterised by comprising also a dynamic damper (dampers using inertia effect per se F16F 7/10)  [6]
 F16F 13/24
·  ·  ·  the central part of the unit being supported by one element and both extremities of the unit being supported by a single other element, i.e. double acting mounting  [6]
 F16F 13/26
·  ·  characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions  [6]
 F16F 13/28
·  ·  ·  specially adapted for units of the bushing type (F16F 13/30 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 13/30
·  ·  ·  comprising means for varying fluid viscosity, e.g. of magnetic or electrorheological fluids  [6]
P:0 F16F 15/00
Suppression of vibrations in systems (vehicle seat suspension devices B60N 2/50); Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion (testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures G01M 1/00)
 F16F 15/02
·  Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating, systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating system (layered products B32B; suppression of vibration in ships B63)
 F16F 15/023
·  ·  using fluid means  [6]
 F16F 15/027
·  ·  ·  comprising control arrangements  [6]
 F16F 15/03
·  ·  using electromagnetic means (F16F 9/53 takes precedence)  [5]
 F16F 15/04
·  ·  using elastic means (single elements or their attachment F16F 1/00-F16F 13/00)  [2]
 F16F 15/06
·  ·  ·  with metal springs (with rubber springs also F16F 15/08)
 F16F 15/067
·  ·  ·  ·  using only wound springs  [6]
 F16F 15/073
·  ·  ·  ·  using only leaf springs  [6]
 F16F 15/08
·  ·  ·  with rubber springs
 F16F 15/10
·  Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system (by balancing F16F 15/22; with flywheels acting variably or intermittently F16H)
 F16F 15/12
·  ·  using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon (F16F 15/16 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/121
·  ·  ·  using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs (F16F 15/131 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/123
·  ·  ·  ·  Wound springs  [6]
 F16F 15/124
·  ·  ·  ·  Plastics springs, e.g. made of rubber (F16F 15/123 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/126
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  consisting of at least one annular element surrounding the axis of rotation  [6]
 F16F 15/127
·  ·  ·  ·  using plastics springs combined with other types of springs  [6]
 F16F 15/129
·  ·  ·  characterised by friction-damping means (F16F 15/131 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/131
·  ·  ·  the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses  [6]
 F16F 15/133
·  ·  ·  ·  using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs  [6]
 F16F 15/134
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Wound springs  [6]
 F16F 15/136
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  Plastics springs, e.g. made of rubber (F16F 15/134 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/137
·  ·  ·  ·  ·  the elastic members consisting of two or more springs of different types  [6]
 F16F 15/139
·  ·  ·  ·  characterised by friction-damping means  [6]
 F16F 15/14
·  ·  using freely-swinging masses rotating with the system
 F16F 15/16
·  ·  using a fluid (devices connecting input and output members F16D)
 F16F 15/167
·  ·  ·  having an inertia member, e.g. ring  [6]
 F16F 15/173
·  ·  ·  ·  provided within a closed housing  [6]
 F16F 15/18
·  ·  using electric means (dynamo-electric devices H02K)
 F16F 15/20
·  Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by favourable grouping or relative arrangement of the moving members of the system or systems
 F16F 15/22
·  Compensation of inertia forces
 F16F 15/24
·  ·  of crankshaft systems by particular disposition of cranks, pistons, or the like
 F16F 15/26
·  ·  of crankshaft systems using solid masses, other than the ordinary pistons, moving with the system
 F16F 15/28
·  Counterweights; Attaching or mounting same (for roll-type closures E06B 9/62)
 F16F 15/30
·  Flywheels (F16F 15/16 takes precedence; suppression of vibrations in rotating systems using elastic members or friction-damping members moving with the system F16F 15/12; rotary-body aspects in general F16C 13/00, F16C 15/00)  [6]
 F16F 15/305
·  ·  made of plastics, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics (FRP)  [6]
 F16F 15/31
·  ·  characterised by means for varying the moment of inertia  [6]
 F16F 15/315
·  ·  characterised by their supporting arrangement, e.g. mountings, cages, securing inertia member to shaft (F16F 15/31 takes precedence)  [6]
 F16F 15/32
·  Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels  [2,5]
 F16F 15/34
·  ·  Fastening arrangements therefor  [5]
 F16F 15/36
·  ·  operating automatically  [5]