In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. [3,5]
In this subclass, unless specifically provided for, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms. Sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [5]
Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats [3]
C12P 7/66
·
containing the quinoid structure [3]
P:160
C12P 9/00
Preparation of organic compounds containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, S, or halogen [3]
P:150
C12P 11/00
Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds [3]
P:140
C12P 13/00
Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds [3]
using surfactants, fatty acids or fatty acid esters, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group or a carboxyl ester group [3]
Attention is drawn to Note (3) following the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07H, which defines the expression "saccharide radical". [3]
Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds [3]
C12P 19/06
· ·
Xanthan, i.e. Xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides [3]
C12P 19/08
· ·
Dextran [3]
C12P 19/10
· ·
Pullulan [3]
C12P 19/12
·
Disaccharides [3]
C12P 19/14
·
produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase [3]
C12P 19/16
·
produced by the action of an alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, e.g. amylose, debranched amylopectin (non-biological hydrolysis of starch Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08B 30/00) [3]
C12P 19/18
·
produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins [3]
C12P 19/20
·
produced by the action of an exo-1, 4 alpha-glucosidase, e.g. dextrose [3]
C12P 19/22
·
produced by the action of a beta-amylase, e.g. maltose [3]
C12P 19/24
·
produced by the action of an isomerase, e.g. fructose [3]
C12P 19/26
·
Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates [3]
C12P 19/28
· ·
N-glycosides [3]
C12P 19/30
· · ·
Nucleotides [3]
C12P 19/32
· · · ·
having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same-ring, e.g. purine nucleotides, nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide [3]
C12P 19/34
· · · ·
Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides [3]
C12P 19/36
· · · ·
Dinucleotides, e.g. nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate [3]
C12P 19/38
· · ·
Nucleosides [3]
C12P 19/40
· · · ·
having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleosides [3]
C12P 19/42
· · ·
Cobalamins, i.e. vitamin B12, LLD factor [3]
C12P 19/44
·
Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides [3]
C12P 19/46
· ·
having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical bound to a cyclohexyl radical, e.g. kasugamycin [3]
C12P 19/48
· · ·
the cyclohexyl radical being substituted by two or more nitrogen atoms, e.g. destomycin, neamin [3]
C12P 19/50
· · · ·
having two saccharide radicals bound through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbon atoms of the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. ambutyrosin, ribostamycin [3]
C12P 19/52
· · · · ·
containing three or more saccharide radicals, e.g. neomycin, lividomycin [3]
C12P 19/54
· · ·
the cyclohexyl radical being bound directly to a nitrogen atom of two or more radicals, e.g. streptomycin [3]
C12P 19/56
· ·
having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound to a condensed ring system having three or more carbocyclic rings, e.g. daunomycin, adriamycin [3]
C12P 19/58
· ·
having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound through only acyclic carbon atoms to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. bleomycin, phleomycin [3]
C12P 19/60
· ·
having an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly bound to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring or a condensed ring system containing a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin [3]
C12P 19/62
· · ·
the hetero ring having eight or more ring members and only oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. erythromycin, spiramycin, nystatin [3]
Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes (containing hetero-rings Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12P 17/00) [3]
P:80
C12P 25/00
Preparation of compounds containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus, e.g. riboflavin [3]
P:70
C12P 27/00
Preparation of compounds containing a gibbane ring system, e.g. gibberellin [3]
Preparation of compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having at least one oxygen atom directly bound to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly bound to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having at least one oxygen atom bound in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins [3]
P:40
C12P 33/00
Preparation of steroids [3]
C12P 33/00
Note(s)
Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07J, which explains what is covered by the term "steroids". [3]
"acting", "forming", "hydroxylating", "dehydroxylating" or "dehydrogenating" means the action of a micro-organism or enzyme rather than other chemical action. [3]
C12P 33/02
·
Dehydrogenating; Dehydroxylating [3]
C12P 33/04
· ·
Forming an aryl ring from A ring [3]
C12P 33/06
·
Hydroxylating [3]
C12P 33/08
· ·
at 11 position [3]
C12P 33/10
· · ·
at 11alpha-position [3]
C12P 33/12
·
Acting on D ring [3]
C12P 33/14
· ·
Hydroxylating at 16 position [3]
C12P 33/16
· ·
Acting at 17 position [3]
C12P 33/18
· · ·
Hydroxylating at 17 position [3]
C12P 33/20
·
containing heterocyclic rings [3]
P:30
C12P 35/00
Preparation of compounds having a 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring system, e.g. cephalosporin [3]
C12P 35/02
·
by desacylation of the substituent in the 7 position [3]
C12P 35/04
·
by acylation of the substituent in the 7 position [3]
C12P 35/06
·
Cephalosporin C; Derivatives thereof [3]
C12P 35/08
·
disubstituted in the 7 position [3]
P:20
C12P 37/00
Preparation of compounds having a 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring system, e.g. penicillin [3]
C12P 37/02
·
in presence of phenylacetic acid or phenylacetamide or their derivatives [3]
C12P 37/04
·
by acylation of the substituent in the 6 position [3]
C12P 37/06
·
by desacylation of the substituent in the 6 position [3]
P:10
C12P 39/00
Processes involving micro-organisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously [3]
P:0
C12P 41/00
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture [4]