In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. [3,5]
In this subclass, unless specifically provided for, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms. Sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [5]
Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01P. [8]
When classifying in this subclass, classification is also made in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...B01D 15/08 insofar as subject matter of general interest relating to chromatography is concerned. [8]
Processes using, or culture media containing, lower alkanols, i.e. C1 to C6 [3]
C12N 1/34
·
Processes using foam culture [3]
C12N 1/36
·
Adaptation or attenuation of cells [3]
C12N 1/38
·
Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C12N 1/34 takes precedence) [3]
P:60
C12N 3/00
Spore-forming or isolating processes [3]
P:50
C12N 5/00
Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor (plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01H 4/00) [3,5]
C12N 5/02
·
Propagation of single cells or cells in suspension; Maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor [3]
C12N 5/04
·
Plant cells or tissues [5]
C12N 5/06
·
Animal cells or tissues [5]
C12N 5/08
·
Human cells or tissues [5]
C12N 5/10
·
Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material, e.g. virus-transformed cells [5]
C12N 5/12
· ·
Fused cells, e.g. hybridomas [5]
C12N 5/14
· · ·
Plant cells [5]
C12N 5/16
· · ·
Animal cells [5]
C12N 5/18
· · · ·
Murine cells, e.g. mouse cells [5]
C12N 5/20
· · · · ·
one of the fusion partners being a B lymphocyte [5]
C12N 5/22
· · ·
Human cells [5]
C12N 5/24
· · · ·
one of the fusion partners being a B lymphocyte [5]
proenzymes are classified with the corresponding enzymes; [5]
enzymes are generally categorised according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the subgroups below in parenthesis. [3]
C12N 9/02
·
Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase [3]
C12N 9/04
· ·
acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1) [3]
C12N 9/06
· ·
acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7) [3]
C12N 9/08
· ·
acting on hydrogen peroxide as acceptor (1.11) [3]
This group covers processes wherein there is a modification of the genetic material which would not normally occur in nature without intervention of man which produce a change in the gene structure which is passed on to succeeding generations. [3]
C12N 15/01
·
Preparation of mutants without inserting foreign genetic material therein; Screening processes therefor [5]
C12N 15/02
·
Preparation of hybrid cells by fusion of two or more cells, e.g. protoplast fusion [5]
Reoviridae, e.g. rotavirus, bluetongue virus, Colorado tick fever virus [5]
C12N 15/47
· · · · · ·
Rhabdoviridae, e.g. rabies viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus [5]
C12N 15/48
· · · · · ·
Retroviridae, e.g. bovine leukaemia virus, feline leukaemia virus [5]
C12N 15/49
· · · · · · ·
Lentiviridae, e.g. immunodeficiency viruses such as HIV, visna-maedi virus, equine infectious anaemia virus [5]
C12N 15/50
· · · · · ·
Coronaviridae, e.g. infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus [5]
C12N 15/51
· · · · ·
Hepatitis viruses [5]
C12N 15/52
· · ·
Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes [5]
C12N 15/52
Note(s)
In this group:
genes encoding for proenzymes are classified with the corresponding genes encoding enzymes;
enzymes are generally categorised according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the groups below in parenthesis. [5]
C12N 15/53
· · · ·
Oxidoreductases (1) [5]
C12N 15/54
· · · ·
Transferases (2) [5]
C12N 15/55
· · · ·
Hydrolases (3) [5]
C12N 15/56
· · · · ·
acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2), e.g. amylase, galactosidase, lysozyme [5]
C12N 15/57
· · · · ·
acting on peptide bonds (3.4) [5]
C12N 15/58
· · · · · ·
Plasminogen activators, e.g. urokinase, TPA [5]
C12N 15/59
· · · · · ·
Chymosin [5]
C12N 15/60
· · · ·
Lyases (4) [5]
C12N 15/61
· · · ·
Isomerases (5) [5]
C12N 15/62
· · ·
DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins [5]
C12N 15/62
Note(s)
In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
"fusion" means the fusion of two different proteins. [5]
C12N 15/63
· ·
Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression [5]
C12N 15/64
· · ·
General methods for preparing the vector, for introducing it into the cell or for selecting the vector-containing host [5]
General methods for inserting a gene into a vector to form a recombinant vector using cleavage and ligation; Use of non-functional linkers or adaptors, e.g. linkers containing the sequence for a restriction endonuclease [5]
C12N 15/66
Note(s)
In this group, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
"non-functional linkers" means DNA sequences which are used to link DNA sequences and which have no known function of structural gene or regulating function. [5]
C12N 15/67
· · ·
General methods for enhancing the expression [5]
C12N 15/68
· · · ·
Stabilisation of the vector [5]
C12N 15/69
· · · ·
Increasing the copy number of the vector [5]
C12N 15/70
· · ·
Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli [5]
C12N 15/70
Note(s)
This group covers the use of E. coli as host. [5]
Shuttle vectors also replicating in E. coli are classified according to the other host. [5]
C12N 15/71
· · · ·
Expression systems using regulatory sequences derived from the trp-operon [5]
C12N 15/72
· · · ·
Expression systems using regulatory sequences derived from the lac-operon [5]
C12N 15/73
· · · ·
Expression systems using phage lambda regulatory sequences [5]
C12N 15/74
· · ·
Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora [5]
C12N 15/74
Note(s)
This group covers the use of prokaryotes as hosts. [5]
C12N 15/75
· · · ·
for Bacillus [5]
C12N 15/76
· · · ·
for Actinomyces; for Streptomyces [5]
C12N 15/77
· · · ·
for Corynebacterium; for Brevibacterium [5]
C12N 15/78
· · · ·
for Pseudomonas [5]
C12N 15/79
· · ·
Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts [5]
C12N 15/79
Note(s)
This group covers the use of eukaryotes as hosts. [5]
C12N 15/80
· · · ·
for fungi [5]
C12N 15/81
· · · · ·
for yeasts [5]
C12N 15/82
· · · ·
for plant cells [5]
C12N 15/83
· · · · ·
Viral vectors, e.g. cauliflower mosaic virus [5]
C12N 15/84
· · · · ·
Ti-plasmids [5]
C12N 15/85
· · · ·
for animal cells [5]
C12N 15/86
· · · · ·
Viral vectors [5]
C12N 15/861
· · · · · ·
Adenoviral vectors [7]
C12N 15/863
· · · · · ·
Poxviral vectors, e.g. vaccinia virus [7]
C12N 15/864
· · · · · ·
Parvoviral vectors [7]
C12N 15/866
· · · · · ·
Baculoviral vectors [7]
C12N 15/867
· · · · · ·
Retroviral vectors [7]
C12N 15/869
· · · · · ·
Herpesviral vectors [7]
C12N 15/87
· ·
Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation [5]
C12N 15/88
· · ·
using micro-encapsulation, e.g. using liposome vesicle [5]
C12N 15/89
· · ·
using micro-injection [5]
C12N 15/90
· · ·
Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome [5]