C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C12M-C12Q or C12S, and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. [3,5]
  3. In this subclass, unless specifically provided for, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms. Sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [5]
 C12 - 
C12S

Note(s)

The codes of subclass C12R are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclasses C12C-C12Q or C12S, so as to provide information concerning the micro-organisms used in the processes classified in these subclasses. [3]

 C12C
BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials A23N; pitching or depitching machines, cellar tools C12L; propagating yeasts C12N 1/14; non-beverage ethanolic fermentation C12P 7/06)
 C12C

Note(s)

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass C12R.  [6]

 C12C
Subclass index
RAW MATERIALS FOR PREPARING BEER 1/00, 3/00, 5/00
PREPARATION AND TREATMENT OF WORT; FERMENTATION PROCESSES FOR BEER 7/00, 11/00
SPECIAL BEER12/00
BREWING DEVICES 13/00
P:40 C12C 1/00
Preparation of malt
 C12C 1/02
·  Pretreatment of grains, e.g. washing, steeping
 C12C 1/027
·  Germinating  [6]
 C12C 1/033
·  ·  in boxes or drums  [6]
 C12C 1/047
·  ·  Influencing the germination by chemical or physical means  [6]
 C12C 1/053
·  ·  ·  by irradiation or electric treatment  [6]
 C12C 1/067
·  Drying  [6]
 C12C 1/073
·  ·  Processes or apparatus specially adapted to save or recover energy  [6]
 C12C 1/10
·  ·  Drying on fixed supports
 C12C 1/12
·  ·  Drying on moving supports
 C12C 1/125
·  Continuous or semi-continuous processes for steeping, germinating or drying  [6]
 C12C 1/13
·  ·  with vertical transport of the grains  [6]
 C12C 1/135
·  ·  with horizontal transport of the grains  [6]
 C12C 1/15
·  Grain or malt turning, charging or discharging apparatus  [6]
 C12C 1/16
·  After-treatment of malt, e.g. malt cleaning, detachment of the germ
 C12C 1/18
·  Preparation of malt extract or of special kinds of malt, e.g. caramel, black malt (malt products for use as foodstuffs A23L)
P:50 C12C 3/00
Treatment of hops
 C12C 3/02
·  Drying
 C12C 3/04
·  Conserving; Storing; Packing
 C12C 3/06
·  ·  Powder or pellets from hops  [6]
 C12C 3/08
·  ·  Solvent extracts from hops  [6]
 C12C 3/10
·  ·  ·  using carbon dioxide  [6]
 C12C 3/12
·  ·  Isomerised products from hops  [6]
P:60 C12C 5/00
Other raw materials for the preparation of beer
 C12C 5/02
·  Additives for beer
 C12C 5/04
·  ·  Colouring additives
P:30 C12C 7/00
Preparation of wort (malt extract C12C 1/18)
 C12C 7/01
·  Pretreatment of malt, e.g. malt grinding  [6]
 C12C 7/04
·  Preparation or treatment of the mash
 C12C 7/047
·  ·  part of the mash being unmalted cereal mash  [6]
 C12C 7/053
·  ·  part of the mash being non-cereal material  [6]
 C12C 7/06
·  ·  Mashing apparatus
 C12C 7/14
·  Clarifying wort (Läuterung)
 C12C 7/16
·  ·  by straining
 C12C 7/165
·  ·  ·  in mash filters  [6]
 C12C 7/17
·  ·  ·  in lautertuns  [6]
 C12C 7/175
·  ·  by centrifuging  [6]
 C12C 7/20
·  ·  Boiling the beerwort (brew kettles C12C 13/02)  [6]
 C12C 7/22
·  ·  ·  Processes or apparatus specially adapted to save or recover energy  [6]
 C12C 7/24
·  Clarifying beerwort between hop boiling and cooling  [6]
 C12C 7/26
·  Cooling beerwort; Clarifying beerwort during or after the cooling  [6]
 C12C 7/28
·  After-treatment  [6]
P:20 C12C 11/00
Fermentation processes for beer
 C12C 11/02
·  Pitching yeast
 C12C 11/06
·  Acidifying the wort
 C12C 11/07
·  Continuous fermentation  [6]
 C12C 11/09
·  Fermentation with immobilised yeast  [6]
 C12C 11/11
·  Post fermentation treatments, e.g. carbonation, concentration (C12H takes precedence; containers with means specially adapted for effervescing potable liquids B65D 85/73)  [6]
P:10 C12C 12/00
Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer  [6]
 C12C 12/02
·  Beer with low calorie content (C12C 12/04 takes precedence)  [6]
 C12C 12/04
·  Beer with low alcohol content (removal of alcohol C12H 3/00)  [6]
P:0 C12C 13/00
Brewing devices, not covered by a single group of C12C 1/00-C12C 12/04  [3,6]
 C12C 13/02
·  Brew kettles  [3]
 C12C 13/06
·  ·  heated with fire  [3]
 C12C 13/08
·  ·  with internal heating elements  [6]
 C12C 13/10
·  Home brew equipment  [6]