In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"lubricant" or "lubricating composition" includes cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, flushing oils, slushing oils, or the like;
"aliphatic" includes "cycloaliphatic". [4]
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. Thus, a compound having an aromatic ring is classified as aromatic regardless of whether the substituent(s) of interest are on the ring or on an aliphatic part of the molecule. [4]
In this subclass:
metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound;
salts or adducts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salt or adduct, if of interest;
a specified compound, e.g. phenols, acids, substituted by a macromolecular hydrocarbon radical is classified as that compound;
base-materials or thickeners or additives consisting of a mixture for which no specific main group is provided are classified in the most indented group covering all essential constituents of the mixture, for example,
except for aqueous lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water, which are classified separately, classification is made according to the type of ingredient or mixture of types of ingredient (base-material, thickener or additive) which characterises the composition.
Attention is drawn to the fact that a mixture of essential ingredients characterised by only one of its components, rather than by the mixture as a whole, is not classified as a mixture, e.g., a lubricating composition consisting of:
a known base-material and a new additive is classified only in the "additive" part of the classification scheme;
a known base-material with both a thickener and a further additive as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified as a mixture of thickener and additive;
a known base-material with a combination of additives as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified in the appropriate place for the additive mixture. [4]
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) or (3) above, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself. [8]
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) to (4) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms [4]
C10M 105/12
· · ·
monohydroxy [4]
C10M 105/14
· · ·
polyhydroxy [4]
C10M 105/16
· ·
having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring [4]
C10M 105/18
· ·
Ethers, e.g. epoxides [4]
C10M 105/20
· ·
Aldehydes; Ketones [4]
C10M 105/22
· ·
Carboxylic acids or their salts [4]
C10M 105/24
· · ·
having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen [4]
C10M 105/26
· · ·
having more than one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or cycloaliphatic carbon atom [4]
C10M 105/28
· · ·
having only one carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring [4]
C10M 105/30
· · ·
having more than one carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring [4]
C10M 105/32
· ·
Esters [4]
C10M 105/34
· · ·
of monocarboxylic acids [4]
C10M 105/36
· · ·
of polycarboxylic acids [4]
C10M 105/38
· · ·
of polyhydroxy compounds [4]
C10M 105/40
· · ·
containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups [4]
C10M 105/42
· · ·
Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids [4]
C10M 105/44
· · · ·
derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups [4]
C10M 105/46
· · · ·
derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups [4]
C10M 105/48
· · ·
of carbonic acid [4]
C10M 105/50
·
containing halogen [4]
C10M 105/52
· ·
containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only [4]
C10M 105/54
· ·
containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen [4]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 101/00 takes precedence) [4]
C10M 109/02
·
Reaction products [4]
C10M 109/02
Note(s)
When classifying in this group, any reactant of a reaction product which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in this subclass. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution [4]
C10M 121/02
·
Petroleum fractions, e.g. tars [4]
C10M 121/04
·
Reaction products [4]
C10M 121/04
Note(s)
When classifying in this group, any reactant of a reaction product which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in this subclass. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids [4]
C10M 129/80
· · · ·
derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups [4]
C10M 129/82
· · · ·
derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups [4]
C10M 129/84
· · ·
of carbonic acid [4]
C10M 129/86
·
having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms [4]
C10M 129/88
· ·
Hydroxy compounds [4]
C10M 129/90
· · ·
having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms [4]
C10M 129/91
· · ·
having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring [4]
C10M 129/92
· ·
Carboxylic acids [4]
C10M 129/93
· · ·
having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms [4]
C10M 129/94
· · ·
having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring [4]
C10M 129/95
· ·
Esters [4]
P:220
C10M 131/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen [4]
C10M 131/02
·
containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only [4]
C10M 131/04
· ·
aliphatic [4]
C10M 131/06
· ·
aromatic [4]
C10M 131/08
·
containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen [4]
C10M 131/10
· ·
Alcohols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones [4]
C10M 131/12
· ·
Acids; Salts or esters thereof [4]
C10M 131/14
·
Halogenated waxes [4]
P:210
C10M 133/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen [4]
Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation [4]
C10M 143/02
·
Polyethene [4]
C10M 143/04
·
containing propene [4]
C10M 143/06
·
containing butene [4]
C10M 143/08
·
containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms [4]
C10M 143/10
·
containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene [4]
C10M 143/12
·
containing conjugated diene [4]
C10M 143/14
·
containing non-conjugated diene [4]
C10M 143/16
·
containing cycloaliphatic monomer [4]
C10M 143/18
·
Oxidised hydrocarbons, i.e. oxidised subsequent to macromolecular formation [4]
P:150
C10M 145/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen (oxidised hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 143/18) [4]
C10M 145/02
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
C10M 145/04
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehydo, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical [4]
C10M 145/06
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid [4]
C10M 145/08
· · ·
Vinyl esters of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid [4]
C10M 145/10
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate [4]
C10M 145/12
· · ·
monocarboxylic [4]
C10M 145/14
· · · ·
Acrylate; Methacrylate [4]
C10M 145/16
· · ·
polycarboxylic [4]
C10M 145/18
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
C10M 145/20
· ·
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones [4]
C10M 145/22
· ·
Polyesters [4]
C10M 145/24
· ·
Polyethers [4]
C10M 145/26
· · ·
Polyoxyalkylenes [4]
C10M 145/28
· · · ·
of alkylene oxides containing 2 carbon atoms only [4]
C10M 145/30
· · · ·
of alkylene oxides containing 3 carbon atoms only [4]
C10M 145/32
· · · ·
of alkylene oxides containing 4 or more carbon atoms [4]
C10M 145/34
· · · ·
of two or more specified different types [4]
C10M 145/36
· · · ·
etherified [4]
C10M 145/38
· · · ·
esterified [4]
C10M 145/40
·
Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose [4]
P:140
C10M 147/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing halogen [4]
C10M 147/02
·
Monomer containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only [4]
C10M 147/04
·
Monomer containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen [4]
P:130
C10M 149/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen [4]
C10M 149/02
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
C10M 149/04
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group [4]
C10M 149/06
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group [4]
C10M 149/08
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrile group [4]
C10M 149/10
· ·
containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring [4]
C10M 149/12
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
C10M 149/14
· ·
a condensation reaction being involved [4]
C10M 149/16
· · ·
between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone [4]
C10M 149/18
· · ·
Polyamides [4]
C10M 149/20
· · ·
Polyureas [4]
C10M 149/22
· · ·
Polyamines [4]
P:120
C10M 151/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium [4]
C10M 151/02
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
C10M 151/04
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
P:110
C10M 153/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing phosphorus [4]
C10M 153/02
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
C10M 153/04
·
Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [4]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution (carboxylic acids with less than 30 carbon atoms in the chain, of unknown or incompletely defined constitution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 129/56) [4]
C10M 159/02
·
Natural products [4]
C10M 159/04
· ·
Petroleum fractions, e.g. tars, solvents [4]
C10M 159/06
· ·
Waxes, e.g. ozocerite, ceresine, petrolatum, slack-wax [4]
C10M 159/08
· ·
Fatty oils [4]
C10M 159/10
· ·
Rubber [4]
C10M 159/12
·
Reaction products [4]
C10M 159/12
Note(s)
When classifying in this group, any reactant of a reaction product which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in this subclass. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
C10M 159/14
· ·
obtained by Friedel-Crafts condensation [4]
C10M 159/16
· ·
obtained by Mannich reactions [4]
C10M 159/18
· ·
Complexes with metals [4]
C10M 159/20
· ·
Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products [4]
C10M 159/22
· · ·
containing phenol radicals [4]
C10M 159/24
· · ·
containing sulfonic radicals [4]
P:80
C10M 161/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential [4]
P:70
C10M 163/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential [4]
P:60
C10M 165/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential [4]
P:50
C10M 167/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential [4]
C10M 169/00
Mixtures of base-materials, thickeners and additives [4]
P:40
C10M 169/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential [4]
C10M 169/02
·
Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners [4]
C10M 169/04
·
Mixtures of base-materials and additives [4]
C10M 169/06
·
Mixtures of thickeners and additives [4]
C10M 171/00
Compositions characterised by physical properties [4]
Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index [4]
C10M 171/04
·
Specified molecular weight or molecular weight distribution [4]
C10M 171/06
·
Particles of special shape or size [4]
C10M 173/00
Aqueous lubricating compositions [4]
P:20
C10M 173/00
Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water [4]
C10M 173/02
·
not containing mineral or fatty oils [4]
C10M 175/00
Working-up [4]
P:10
C10M 175/00
Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products [4]
C10M 175/02
·
mineral-oil based [4]
C10M 175/04
·
aqueous emulsion based [4]
C10M 175/06
·
by ultrafiltration or osmosis [4]
C10M 177/00
Preparation or after-treatment [4]
P:0
C10M 177/00
Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes [4]