C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C03
GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
 C03B
MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
 C03B
Subclass index
MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Processes before melting 1/00, 3/00
Melting processes 5/00, 7/00
Other processes 8/00
SHAPING
Blowing 9/00
Pressing 11/00
Rolling 13/00
Other methods 15/00 - 21/00
Manufacture of fibres or filaments 37/00
Transporting during manufacture 35/00
Preventing glass adhesion 40/00
Production of quartz or fused silica articles 20/00
AFTER-TREATMENTS
Thermic treatment 25/00, 29/00, 32/00
Tempering 27/00
Severing 23/00, 33/00
Re-forming 23/00, 31/00
of fibres or filaments 37/10
 C03B 1/00 - 
C03B 7/00
Melting the raw material
P:220 C03B 1/00
Preparing the batches (chemical compositions C03C)
P:210 C03B 3/00
Charging the melting furnaces
P:200 C03B 5/00
Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
P:190 C03B 7/00
Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob
   
P:180 C03B 8/00
Production of glass by other processes than melting processes (C03B 37/014 takes precedence; preparation of finely divided silica, in general C01B 33/00)  [4]
 C03B 8/02
·  by liquid phase reaction processes  [4]
 C03B 9/00 - 
C03B 21/00
Shaping of glass (manufacture of fibres C03B 37/00)
P:130 C03B 9/00
Blowing glass; Production of hollow glass articles
P:150 C03B 11/00
Pressing glass
 C03B 11/02
·  in machines with rotary tables
 C03B 11/04
·  in machines with moulds fed by suction
 C03B 11/05
·  in machines with reciprocating moulds  [3]
 C03B 11/06
·  Construction of plunger or mould
 C03B 11/12
·  Cooling, heating, or insulating the plunger, the mould, or the glass-pressing machine (C03B 9/00 takes precedence)  [3]
 C03B 11/14
·  with metal inserts
 C03B 11/16
·  Gearing or controlling mechanisms specially adapted for glass presses
P:160 C03B 13/00
Rolling glass
P:110 C03B 15/00
Drawing glass upwardly from the melt
P:120 C03B 17/00
Forming glass by flowing out, pushing-out, or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
P:140 C03B 18/00
Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid (changing the surface of the glass ribbon, when forming sheets, by chemical methods or chemical aspects of multilayer, coloured or armoured glass sheets C03C)
P:170 C03B 19/00
Other methods of shaping glass (manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags C03B 37/00)
 C03B 19/06
·  by sintering (production of quartz or fused silica articles C03B 20/00)  [2]
 C03B 19/12
·  by liquid-phase reaction processes  [5]
P:20 C03B 20/00
Processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles  [3]
P:100 C03B 21/00
Severing glass sheets, tubes, or rods while still plastic (means for cutting the hot glass in blowing machines, for fusing, burning-off or edge-melting combined with glass-blowing machines C03B 9/00)
   
P:30 C03B 23/00
Re-forming shaped glass (manufacture of glass fibres or filaments, from reheated softened tubes or rods, by drawing C03B 37/02; re-forming fibres or filaments C03B 37/10)
 C03B 23/02
·  Re-forming glass sheets
 C03B 25/00 - 
C03B 35/00
After-treatment of glass product (of fibres C03B 37/10)
P:80 C03B 25/00
Annealing glass products
P:70 C03B 27/00
Tempering glass products
 C03B 27/004
·  by bringing the hot glass product in contact with a solid cooling surface, e.g. sand grains  [5]
 C03B 27/008
·  by using heat of sublimation of solid particles  [5]
P:60 C03B 29/00
Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
P:50 C03B 31/00
Manufacture of rippled or crackled glass
P:90 C03B 32/00
Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups C03B 25/00-C03B 31/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities  [2]
P:40 C03B 33/00
Severing cooled glass (severing glass fibres C03B 37/10)
P:230 C03B 35/00
Transporting of glass products during their manufacture (conveying systems for fragile sheets, e.g. glass, B65G 49/05)  [2]
   
P:10 C03B 37/00
Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
 C03B 37/005
·  Manufacture of flakes  [5]
 C03B 37/01
·  Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments  [3]
 C03B 37/012
·  ·  Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments  [4]
 C03B 37/014
·  ·  ·  made entirely or partially by chemical means  [4]
 C03B 37/016
·  ·  ·  ·  by a liquid phase reaction process, e.g. through a gel phase  [4]
 C03B 37/018
·  ·  ·  ·  by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by chemical vapour deposition (C03B 37/016 takes precedence; surface treatment of glass by coating with glass C03C 17/02)  [4]
 C03B 37/02
·  ·  by drawing or extruding (C03B 37/04 takes precedence)  [3]
 C03B 37/04
·  ·  by using centrifugal force  [3]
 C03B 37/075
·  Manufacture of fibres or filaments consisting of different sorts of glass or characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres, undulated fibres (C03B 37/02 takes precedence)  [3,4]
 C03B 37/10
·  Non-chemical treatment (C03C 25/00 takes precedence; yarns or threads D02; woven fabrics D03; non-woven fabrics D04; cutting or severing light guides G02B 6/25; fusion-splicing of light guides G02B 6/255; treatment of light guides to shape optical elements G02B 6/287)
P:0 C03B 40/00
Preventing adhesion between glass and glass or between glass and the means used to shape it  [3]