In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"lubricant" or "lubricating composition" includes cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, flushing oils, slushing oils, or the like;
"aliphatic" includes "cycloaliphatic". [4]
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. Thus, a compound having an aromatic ring is classified as aromatic regardless of whether the substituent(s) of interest are on the ring or on an aliphatic part of the molecule. [4]
In this subclass:
metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound;
salts or adducts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salt or adduct, if of interest;
a specified compound, e.g. phenols, acids, substituted by a macromolecular hydrocarbon radical is classified as that compound;
base-materials or thickeners or additives consisting of a mixture for which no specific main group is provided are classified in the most indented group covering all essential constituents of the mixture, for example,
except for aqueous lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water, which are classified separately, classification is made according to the type of ingredient or mixture of types of ingredient (base-material, thickener or additive) which characterises the composition.
Attention is drawn to the fact that a mixture of essential ingredients characterised by only one of its components, rather than by the mixture as a whole, is not classified as a mixture, e.g., a lubricating composition consisting of:
a known base-material and a new additive is classified only in the "additive" part of the classification scheme;
a known base-material with both a thickener and a further additive as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified as a mixture of thickener and additive;
a known base-material with a combination of additives as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified in the appropriate place for the additive mixture. [4]
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) or (3) above, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself. [8]
Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) to (4) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound [4]
P:340
C10M 107/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound [4]
P:380
C10M 109/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 101/00 takes precedence) [4]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material (aqueous lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 173/00) [4]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen [4]
P:220
C10M 131/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen [4]
P:210
C10M 133/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen (polyalkylene polyamines with eleven or more monomer units Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 149/00) [4]
P:200
C10M 135/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium [4]
P:190
C10M 137/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus [4]
Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation [4]
P:150
C10M 145/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen (oxidised hydrocarbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 143/00) [4]
P:140
C10M 147/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing halogen [4]
P:130
C10M 149/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen [4]
P:120
C10M 151/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium [4]
P:110
C10M 153/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing phosphorus [4]
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution (carboxylic acids with less than 30 carbon atoms in the chain, of unknown or incompletely defined constitution Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10M 129/00) [4]
P:80
C10M 161/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential [4]
P:70
C10M 163/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential [4]
P:60
C10M 165/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential [4]
P:50
C10M 167/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential [4]
C10M 169/00
Mixtures of base-materials, thickeners and additives [4]
P:40
C10M 169/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential [4]
C10M 171/00
Compositions characterised by physical properties [4]
Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water [4]
C10M 173/02
·
not containing mineral or fatty oils [4]
C10M 175/00
Working-up [4]
P:10
C10M 175/00
Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products [4]
C10M 177/00
Preparation or after-treatment [4]
P:0
C10M 177/00
Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes [4]