G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G08
SIGNALLING (indicating or display devices per se G09F; transmission of pictures H04N)
 G08B
SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS (signalling arrangements on vehicles B60Q, B62D 41/00; railway signalling systems or devices B61L; on cycles B62J 3/00, B62J 6/00; safes or strong-rooms with alarm devices E05G; signalling or alarm devices in mines E21F 17/00; sensitive measuring elements, see the appropriate subclasses of G01; traffic control systems G08G; visual indicating means G09; sound-producing devices G10; radio or near-field calling systems H04B 5/00, H04B 7/00; selecting arrangements H04Q 7/00, H04Q 9/00; loudspeakers, microphones, gramohpone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers H04R)
 G08B

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers also means for identifying or incapacitating burglars or the like.
  2. This subclass does not cover:
    • the mere provision of an audible or visible signalling device on measuring or switching apparatus;
    • alarm systems for indicating that a specific variable has exceeded, or fallen below, a predetermined value, which are covered by the relevant subclasses of class G01 for the measurement of that variable.
    • alarms for specific processes or types of machines or apparatus, which are covered by the relevant subclasses for the processes, machines, or apparatus.
  3. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "systems" may cover also devices peculiar thereto.
 G08B
Subclass index
SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS
Characterised by the transmission of the signal 1/00
Characterised by the nature of the indication: audible; visible; tactile; combined 3/00; 5/00; 6/00; 7/00
ORDER TELEGRAPHS 9/00
ALARM SYSTEMS
Responsive to an unspecified condition 23/00
Responsive to two or more different conditions 19/00
Responsive to one specified condition: intrusion; fire; other 13/00, 15/00; 17/00; 21/00
With transmission from or to a central station 25/00, 26/00, 27/00
Predictive alarm systems 31/00
CHECKING, MONITORING 29/00
P:160 G08B 1/00
Systems for signalling characterised solely by the form of transmission of the signal
P:150 G08B 3/00
Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems (audible indication of time signals G04B 21/00, G04C 21/00)
P:140 G08B 5/00
Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied (display of time signals G04B 19/00, G04C 17/00, G04C 19/00, G04G 9/00; for display of alphanumeric information G09F; flags, banners G09F)
 G08B 5/22
·  using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
P:130 G08B 6/00
Tactile signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems (indication of time by feeling G04B 25/00; deaf-aid sets H04R 25/00)  [6]
P:120 G08B 7/00
Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B 3/00-G08B 6/00 (combinations of display arrangements with audible advertising G09F 27/00); Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B 3/00-G08B 6/00
P:110 G08B 9/00
Order telegraph apparatus, i.e. means for transmitting one of a finite number of different orders at the discretion of the user, e.g. bridge to engine room orders in ships (signalling devices in mines E21F 17/00)
P:70 G08B 13/00
Burglar, theft, or intruder alarms (vehicle theft alarms B60R 25/10; cycle theft alarms B62H 5/00)
 G08B 13/02
·  Mechanical actuation
 G08B 13/14
·  ·  by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
 G08B 13/16
·  Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid
 G08B 13/18
·  Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
 G08B 13/189
·  ·  using passive radiation detection systems  [5]
 G08B 13/194
·  ·  ·  using image scanning and comparing systems  [5]
 G08B 13/22
·  Electrical actuation
 G08B 13/24
·  ·  by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
P:0 G08B 15/00
Identifying, scaring, or incapacitating burglars, thieves, or intruders, e.g. by explosives (burglar traps, or the like, on safes E05G 5/00)
P:80 G08B 17/00
Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion (temperature-responsive elements G01K)
 G08B 17/02
·  Mechanical actuation of the alarm, e.g. by the breaking of a wire
 G08B 17/04
·  Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of the alarm, e.g. by change of fluid pressure
 G08B 17/06
·  Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch (thermally-operated electric switches per se H01H 37/00)
 G08B 17/08
·  Actuation involving the use of explosive means
 G08B 17/10
·  Actuation by presence of smoke or gases
 G08B 17/103
·  ·  using a light emitting and receiving device  [5]
 G08B 17/12
·  Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infra-red radiation, of ions
P:20 G08B 19/00
Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
P:90 G08B 21/00
Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
P:100 G08B 23/00
Alarms responsive to unspecified undesired or abnormal conditions
P:60 G08B 25/00
Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
 G08B 25/01
·  characterised by the transmission medium  [5]
 G08B 25/08
·  ·  using communication transmission lines (telephonic communication systems combined with alarm systems H04M 11/04)  [5]
 G08B 25/10
·  ·  using wireless transmission systems  [5]
 G08B 25/12
·  Manually actuated calamity alarm transmitting arrangements  [5]
 G08B 25/14
·  Central alarm receiver or annunciator arrangements  [5]
P:50 G08B 26/00
Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
P:40 G08B 27/00
Alarm systems in which the alarm condition is signalled from a central station to a plurality of substations
P:10 G08B 29/00
Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
P:30 G08B 31/00
Predictive alarm systems characterised by extrapolation or other computation using updated historic data  [5]