In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (manufacture or treatment of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D01)
C08
Note(s)
Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01P. [8]
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS (production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C10G 50/00) [2]
C08F
Note(s)
In this subclass, boron or silicon are considered as metals. [2]
In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
"aliphatic radical" means an acyclic or a non-aromatic carbocyclic carbon skeleton which is considered to be terminated by every bond to:
an element other than carbon;
a carbon atom having a double bond to one atom other than carbon;
an aromatic carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a catalyst or a polymer is classified in the last appropriate place. [2]
In this subclass:
macromolecular compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. General processes for the preparation of macromolecular compounds according to more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 2/00-C08F 8/00). Processes for the preparation of macromolecular compounds are also classified in the groups for the types of reactions employed, if of interest; [2]
Homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a ring
Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents [2]
C08F 2/44
·
Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers [2]
C08F 2/46
·
Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation [2]
C08F 2/58
·
Polymerisation initiated by direct application of electric current (electrolytic processes, e.g. electrophoresis, Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C25) [2]
Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond [2]
P:740
C08F 12/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring [2]
P:730
C08F 14/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen [2]
P:720
C08F 16/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical [2]
P:710
C08F 18/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid [2]
P:700
C08F 20/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide, or nitrile thereof [2]
P:690
C08F 22/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof [2]
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen [2]
P:660
C08F 28/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur [2]
P:650
C08F 30/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal (metal salts, e.g. phenolates or alcoholates, see the parent compounds) [2]
P:640
C08F 32/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of cyclic compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system [2]
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 32/00 takes precedence) [2]
P:610
C08F 38/00
Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds [2]
C08F 110/00 - C08F 138/00
Homopolymers [2]
P:600
C08F 110/00
Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond [2]
P:590
C08F 112/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring [2]
P:580
C08F 114/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen [2]
P:570
C08F 116/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical [2]
P:560
C08F 118/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid [2]
P:550
C08F 120/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide, or nitrile thereof [2]
P:540
C08F 122/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof [2]
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen [2]
P:510
C08F 128/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur [2]
P:500
C08F 130/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal (metal salts, e.g. phenolates or alcoholates, see the parent compounds) [2]
P:490
C08F 132/00
Homopolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system [2]
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 132/00 takes precedence) [2]
P:460
C08F 138/00
Homopolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds [2]
Any monomeric components not identified by the classification according to Note (4) after the title of subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F or Note (1) above, and where the use of such monomeric components is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place in groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 210/00-C08F 238/00. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of copolymers using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
P:450
C08F 210/00
Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond [2]
P:440
C08F 212/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring [2]
P:430
C08F 214/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen [2]
P:420
C08F 216/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical [2]
P:410
C08F 218/00
Copolymers having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid [2]
P:400
C08F 220/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide, or nitrile thereof [2]
P:390
C08F 222/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof [2]
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen [2]
P:360
C08F 228/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur [2]
P:350
C08F 230/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal (metal salts, e.g. phenolates or alcoholates, see the parent compounds) [2]
P:340
C08F 232/00
Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system [2]
Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds (Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 232/00 takes precedence) [2]
P:310
C08F 238/00
Copolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds [2]
P:300
C08F 240/00
Copolymers of hydrocarbons and mineral oils, e.g. petroleum resins [2]
P:290
C08F 242/00
Copolymers of drying-oils with other monomers [2]
P:280
C08F 244/00
Coumarone-indene copolymers [2]
P:270
C08F 246/00
Copolymers in which the nature of only the monomers in minority is defined [2]
C08F 251/00 - C08F 292/00
Graft polymers; Polymers crosslinked with unsaturated monomers (graft polymerisation of monomers on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...D06M 14/00) [2]
P:250
C08F 251/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof [2]
P:240
C08F 253/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to natural rubbers or derivatives thereof [2]
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated acids as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 18/00 [2]
P:180
C08F 265/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 20/00 [2]
P:170
C08F 267/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 22/00 [2]
P:160
C08F 269/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of heterocyclic oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 24/00 [2]
P:150
C08F 271/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of nitrogen-containing monomers as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 26/00 [2]
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 30/00 [2]
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 36/00 [2]
P:100
C08F 281/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having carbon-to-carbon triple bonds as defined in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 38/00 [2]
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials [3]
C08F 293/00 - C08F 297/00
Block polymers [2]
P:30
C08F 293/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule (on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C08F 290/00) [2]
P:20
C08F 295/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation using successively different catalyst types without deactivating the intermediate polymer [2]
P:10
C08F 297/00
Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer [2]