H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H01
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
 H01

Note(s)

  1. Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art.
  2. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]
 H01S
DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
 H01S

Note(s)

This subclass covers:

  • devices for the generation or amplification, by using stimulated emission, of coherent electromagnetic waves or other forms of wave energy;  [2]
  • such functions as modulating, demodulating, controlling, or stabilising such waves.  [2]

 H01S
Subclass index
MASERS 1/00
SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 5/00
LASERS OTHER THAN SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 3/00
OTHER DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION 4/00
P:20 H01S 1/00
Masers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of electromagnetic waves of wavelength longer than that of infra-red waves
P:10 H01S 3/00
Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves (semiconductor lasers H01S 5/00)
 H01S 3/02
·  Constructional details
 H01S 3/03
·  ·  of gas laser discharge tubes  [2]
 H01S 3/036
·  ·  ·  Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired gas pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering, replenishing; Means for circulating the gas, e.g. for equalising the pressure within the tube (cooling arrangements for gas lasers H01S 3/04; gas dynamic lasers H01S 3/0979)  [5]
 H01S 3/038
·  ·  ·  Electrodes, e.g. special shape, configuration or composition  [5]
 H01S 3/04
·  ·  Cooling arrangements
 H01S 3/05
·  Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
 H01S 3/06
·  ·  Construction or shape of active medium
 H01S 3/08
·  ·  Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof  [2]
 H01S 3/081
·  ·  ·  comprising more than two reflectors  [2]
 H01S 3/086
·  ·  ·  One or more reflectors having variable properties or positions for initial adjustment of the resonator (varying a parameter of the laser output during operation H01S 3/10; stabilisation of the laser output H01S 3/13)  [2]
 H01S 3/09
·  Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
 H01S 3/091
·  ·  using optical pumping  [2]
 H01S 3/0915
·  ·  ·  by incoherent light  [5]
 H01S 3/094
·  ·  ·  by coherent light  [2]
 H01S 3/0941
·  ·  ·  ·  of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode  [6]
 H01S 3/0943
·  ·  ·  ·  of a gas laser  [5]
 H01S 3/0947
·  ·  ·  ·  of an organic dye laser  [5]
 H01S 3/0955
·  ·  using pumping by high energy particles  [5]
 H01S 3/097
·  ·  by gas discharge of a gas laser  [2]
 H01S 3/0971
·  ·  ·  transversely excited (H01S 3/0975 takes precedence)  [5]
 H01S 3/0975
·  ·  ·  using inductive or capacitive excitation  [5]
 H01S 3/0977
·  ·  ·  having auxiliary ionisation means  [5]
 H01S 3/0979
·  ·  ·  Gas dynamic lasers, i.e. with expansion of the laser gas medium to supersonic flow speeds  [5]
 H01S 3/098
·  Mode locking; Mode suppression (mode suppression using a plurality of resonators H01S 3/081)  [2]
 H01S 3/10
·  Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating (mode locking H01S 3/098; controlling of light beams, frequency-changing, non-linear optics, optical logic elements, in general G02F)  [2]
 H01S 3/101
·  ·  Lasers provided with means to change the location from which, or the direction in which, laser radiation is emitted (optical scanning systems in general G02B 26/10; devices or arrangements for the electro-, magneto-, or acousto-optical deflection G02F 1/29)  [2]
 H01S 3/102
·  ·  by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation (H01S 3/13 takes precedence)  [4]
 H01S 3/104
·  ·  ·  in gas lasers  [4]
 H01S 3/105
·  ·  by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity (H01S 3/13 takes precedence)  [4]
 H01S 3/106
·  ·  by controlling a device placed within the cavity (H01S 3/13 takes precedence)  [4]
 H01S 3/108
·  ·  ·  using a non-linear optical device, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin- or Raman-scattering  [4]
 H01S 3/109
·  ·  ·  ·  Frequency multiplying, e.g. harmonic generation  [4]
 H01S 3/11
·  ·  in which the quality factor of the optical resonator is rapidly changed, i.e. giant-pulse technique
 H01S 3/13
·  ·  Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency, amplitude  [2]
 H01S 3/131
·  ·  ·  by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation  [4]
 H01S 3/134
·  ·  ·  ·  in gas lasers  [4]
 H01S 3/14
·  characterised by the material used as the active medium
 H01S 3/16
·  ·  Solid materials
 H01S 3/17
·  ·  ·  amorphous, e.g. glass  [2]
 H01S 3/23
·  Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S 3/02-H01S 3/14, e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media (involving only semiconductor lasers H01S 5/00)  [2,7]
 H01S 3/30
·  using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects  [2]
P:30 H01S 4/00
Devices using stimulated emission of wave energy other than those covered by groups H01S 1/00, H01S 3/00 or H01S 5/00, e.g. phonon maser, gamma maser
P:0 H01S 5/00
Semiconductor lasers  [7]