C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C12
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
 C12

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C12M-C12Q or C12S, and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [3]
  2. In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms. [3,5]
  3. In this subclass, unless specifically provided for, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms. Sub-cellular parts, unless specifically provided for, are classified with the whole cell. [5]
 C12P
FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE (fermentation processes to form a food composition A21, A23; compounds in general, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C01, C07; brewing of beer C12C; producing vinegar C12J; processes for producing enzymes C12N 9/00; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification C12N 15/00)  [3]
 C12P

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers both major and minor chemical modifications. [3]
  2. Group C12P 1/00 covers processes for producing organic compounds not sufficiently identified to be classified in groups C12P 3/00-C12P 37/00. Compounds identified only by their empirical formulae are not considered to be sufficiently identified. [3]
  3. Attention is drawn to Notes (1) to (3) following the title of class C12[4]
  4. If a particular reaction is considered of interest, it is also classified in the relevant chemical compound class, e.g. C07, C08[3]
  5. In this subclass:
    • metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound.
    • compositions are classified in the relevant compound groups. [3]
 C12P
Subclass index
BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
Inorganic compounds 3/00
Acyclic or carbocyclic organic compounds 5/00 - 15/00
peptides or proteins 21/00
Carotenes 23/00
Tetracyclines 29/00
Prostaglandins 31/00
Steroids 33/00
Heterocyclic organic compounds 17/00
containing saccharide radicals 19/00
Riboflavin 25/00
Giberellin 27/00
Cephalosporin; penicillin 35/00; 37/00
SEPARATION OF OPTICAL ISOMERS 41/00
OTHER PROCESSES FOR BIOSYNTHESIS PREPARATIONS 1/00, 39/00
P:200 C12P 1/00
Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P 3/00-C12P 39/00, by using micro-organisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using micro-organisms or enzymes  [3]
 C12P 1/02
·  by using fungi  [3]
 C12P 1/04
·  by using bacteria  [3]
 C12P 1/06
·  by using actinomycetales  [3]
P:190 C12P 3/00
Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide  [3]
P:180 C12P 5/00
Preparation of hydrocarbons (producing methane by anaerobic treatment of sludge C02F 11/04)  [3]
P:170 C12P 7/00
Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds  [3]
 C12P 7/02
·  containing a hydroxy group  [3]
 C12P 7/24
·  containing a carbonyl group  [3]
 C12P 7/40
·  containing a carboxyl group  [3]
 C12P 7/62
·  Carboxylic acid esters  [3]
 C12P 7/64
·  Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats  [3]
 C12P 7/66
·  containing the quinoid structure  [3]
P:160 C12P 9/00
Preparation of organic compounds containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, S, or halogen  [3]
P:150 C12P 11/00
Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds  [3]
P:140 C12P 13/00
Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds  [3]
P:130 C12P 15/00
Preparation of compounds containing at least three condensed carbocyclic rings  [3]
P:120 C12P 17/00
Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se, or Te as ring hetero atoms (C12P 13/00 takes precedence)  [3]
 C12P 17/02
·  Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms  [3]
 C12P 17/10
·  Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom  [3]
 C12P 17/14
·  Nitrogen or oxygen as hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring  [3]
 C12P 17/16
·  containing two or more hetero rings  [3]
 C12P 17/18
·  containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin  [3]
P:110 C12P 19/00
Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals (ketoaldonic acids C12P 7/40)  [3]
 C12P 19/00

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to Note (3) following the title of subclass C07H, which defines the expression "saccharide radical".  [3]

P:100 C12P 21/00
Preparation of peptides or proteins (single-cell protein C12N 1/00)  [3]
 C12P 21/02
·  having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione  [3]
 C12P 21/04
·  ·  Cyclic or bridged peptides or polypeptides, e.g. bacitracin (cyclised by —S—S— bonds only C12P 21/02)  [3]
 C12P 21/06
·  produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products (preparing foodstuffs by protein hydrolysis A23J 3/00)  [3]
 C12P 21/08
·  Monoclonal antibodies  [5]
P:90 C12P 23/00
Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes (containing hetero-rings C12P 17/00)  [3]
P:80 C12P 25/00
Preparation of compounds containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus, e.g. riboflavin  [3]
P:70 C12P 27/00
Preparation of compounds containing a gibbane ring system, e.g. gibberellin  [3]
P:60 C12P 29/00
Preparation of compounds containing a naphthacene ring system, e.g. tetracycline (C12P 19/00 takes precedence)  [3]
P:50 C12P 31/00
Preparation of compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having at least one oxygen atom directly bound to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly bound to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having at least one oxygen atom bound in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins  [3]
P:40 C12P 33/00
Preparation of steroids  [3]
 C12P 33/00

Note(s)

Attention is drawn to Note (1) following the title of subclass C07J, which explains what is covered by the term "steroids". [3]

P:30 C12P 35/00
Preparation of compounds having a 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring system, e.g. cephalosporin  [3]
P:20 C12P 37/00
Preparation of compounds having a 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring system, e.g. penicillin  [3]
P:10 C12P 39/00
Processes involving micro-organisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously  [3]
P:0 C12P 41/00
Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture  [4]