C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C09
DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
 C09B
ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES; MORDANTS; LAKES (fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound C12P)
 C09B

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place.
  2. Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
    1. liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
    2. treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
    are further classified in subclass C12S.  [5]
 C09B
Subclass index
ANTHRACENE DYES 1/00, 3/00, 5/00, 6/00, 9/00
AZO DYES
Prepared by diazotising and coupling
Monoazo dyes 29/00
Disazo and polyazo dyes 31/00, 33/00, 35/00
by coupling the diazoted amine with itself 37/00
Other azo dyes 39/00
Special methods of performing the coupling reaction 41/00
Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds 43/00
Preparation other than by diazotising and coupling 27/00
Compounds containing onium groups 44/00
Complex metal compounds 45/00
Compounds containing other chromophoric systems 56/00
Other azo dyes 46/00
INDIGOID; DIARYL AND TRIARYL METHANE; OXYKETONE DYES 7/00, 9/00; 11/00; 13/00
ACRIDINE, AZINE, OXAZINE, THIAZINE DYES 15/00 - 21/00
QUINOLINE AND POLYMETHINE DYES 23/00, 25/00
HYDRAZONE, TRIAZENE DYES 26/00
PORPHYRINS, PORPHYRAZINS; SULFUR DYES 47/00; 49/00
QUINACRIDONES 48/00
FORMAZANE DYES; NITRO AND NITROSO DYES; QUINONE IMIDES; AZOMETHINE DYES 50/00; 51/00; 53/00; 55/00
OTHER SYNTHETIC DYES 57/00, 59/00
DYES OF NATURAL ORIGIN 61/00
REACTIVE DYES 62/00
LAKES; MORDANTS; DYESTUFF PREPARATIONS 63/00; 65/00; 67/00
OTHER DYES 69/00
 C09B 1/00 - 
C09B 13/00
Anthracene dyes
P:390 C09B 1/00
Dyes with an anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
P:380 C09B 3/00
Dyes with anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more carbocyclic rings
P:370 C09B 5/00
Dyes with an anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more heterocyclic rings with or without carbocyclic rings
P:400 C09B 6/00
Anthracene dyes not provided for above  [2]
P:360 C09B 7/00
Indigoid dyes
P:350 C09B 9/00
Esters or ester-salts of leuco compounds of vat dyestuffs
P:340 C09B 11/00
Diaryl- or triarylmethane dyes
P:330 C09B 13/00
Oxyketone dyes
 C09B 15/00 - 
C09B 21/00
Acridine, azine, oxazine, or thiazine dyes
P:320 C09B 15/00
Acridine dyes
P:310 C09B 17/00
Azine dyes
P:300 C09B 19/00
Oxazine dyes
P:290 C09B 21/00
Thiazine dyes
 C09B 23/00 - 
C09B 25/00
Quinoline or polymethine dyes
P:280 C09B 23/00
Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
P:270 C09B 25/00
Quinophthalones
   
P:260 C09B 26/00
Hydrazone dyes; Triazene dyes  [3]
 C09B 27/00 - 
C09B 46/00
Azo dyes
 C09B 27/00 - 
C09B 46/00

Note(s)

In groups C09B 27/00-C09B 46/00, arrows in the formulae of the various types of azo dyes indicate which part of an azo dye, prepared by diazotising and coupling, is derived from the diazo component and which part is derived from the coupling component. The arrow is pointing to the part derived from the coupling component.  [4]

P:240 C09B 27/00
Preparations in which the azo group is formed in any way other than by diazotising and coupling
P:220 C09B 29/00
Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
 C09B 29/06
·  from coupling components containing amino as the only directing group
P:210 C09B 31/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the type A B C, A B C D, or the like, prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:200 C09B 33/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the types A K B, A B K C, or the like, prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:190 C09B 35/00
Disazo or polyazo dyes of the type A D B prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:180 C09B 37/00
Azo dyes prepared by coupling the diazotised amine with itself
P:230 C09B 39/00
Other azo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
P:170 C09B 41/00
Special methods of performing the coupling reaction
P:160 C09B 43/00
Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds
P:150 C09B 44/00
Azo dyes containing onium groups  [3]
P:140 C09B 45/00
Complex metal compounds of azo dyes
P:250 C09B 46/00
Azo dyes not provided for in groups C09B 27/00-C09B 45/00  [2]
   
P:130 C09B 47/00
Porphines; Azaporphines
 C09B 47/04
·  Phthalocyanines  [3]
P:120 C09B 48/00
Quinacridones
P:110 C09B 49/00
Sulfur dyes
P:100 C09B 50/00
Formazane dyes; Tetrazolium dyes  [3]
P:90 C09B 51/00
Nitro or nitroso dyes
P:80 C09B 53/00
Quinone imides
P:70 C09B 55/00
Azomethine dyes
P:60 C09B 56/00
Azo dyes containing other chromophoric systems  [3]
P:410 C09B 57/00
Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
P:420 C09B 59/00
Artificial dyes of unknown constitution
P:50 C09B 61/00
Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources
P:40 C09B 62/00
Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves  [3]
 C09B 62/002
·  with the linkage of the reactive group being alternatively specified  [3]
 C09B 62/02
·  with the reactive group directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
 C09B 62/44
·  with the reactive group not directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
 C09B 63/00 - 
C09B 67/00
Lakes; Mordants; Dyestuff preparations
P:30 C09B 63/00
Lakes
P:20 C09B 65/00
Compositions containing mordants (preparation of the mordant compounds C01, C07)
P:10 C09B 67/00
Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing, properties of dyestuffs without chemical reaction, e.g. by treating with solvents; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
   
P:0 C09B 69/00
Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass  [2]