F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
 F01 - 
F04
Subsection index
MACHINES
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating piston
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01C
liquid onlyF04C
reciprocating piston or other
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01B
liquid onlyF04B
non-positive displacement
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01D
liquid onlyF03B
ENGINES
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating piston
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01C
liquid onlyF03C
reciprocating piston or other
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01B
liquid onlyF03C
non-positive displacement
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01D
liquid onlyF03B
PUMPS
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating pistonF04C
reciprocating piston or otherF04B
non-positive displacementF04D
  
ENGINEERING IN GENERAL
 F16
ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
 F16L
PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
 F16L

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "pipe" means a conduit of closed cross-section, which is specially adapted to convey fluids, materials or objects;
    • "hose" means a pipe, as defined above, which has flexibility as an essential characteristic.  [5]
  2. Attention is drawn to the following places:
    A61M 39/00Tube connectors, tube couplings or branch units, specially adapted for medical use 
    B05B 1/14Perforated pipes 
    B63B 35/00Pipe-laying vessels 
    B64D 39/00Adaptation of hose constructions for refuelling aircraft during flight 
    B67D 5/36Arrangements of hoses in apparatus for transferring liquids, e.g. fuel, from bulk to vehicles or portable containers 
    E01D 19/00Fastening of pipes or cables to bridges 
    E03BWater supply installations 
    E03D 11/00Means for connecting water-closet bowls to the flushing pipe 
    E03D 11/00Siphons for water-closets 
    E03F 3/04Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers 
    E04D 13/04Down pipes for roof drainage; Clamping means therefor 
    E04F 17/00Vertical ducts, channels in buildings, e.g. chimneys 
    E21F 1/00Air ducts for ventilation of mines or tunnels; Connections therefor 
    E21F 17/00Suspension devices for tubes or the like in mines or tunnels 
    F01NGas flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines 
    F16N 21/00Conduits, junctions for lubrication systems 
    F17C 3/00Thermal insulation of vessels not under pressure for storing liquified or solidified gases, e.g. Dewar flask 
    F22B 37/00Water tubes of steam boilers 
    F23J 13/00Joints, connections for chimneys or flues 
    F24H 9/12Connecting circulation pipes to heaters 
    F28F 9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers 
    G21C 15/00Structural association of coolant tubes with headers or other pipes in nuclear reactors 
    H02G 3/04Protective tubing or conduits for electric cables 
    H02G 3/30Installations of electric cables or lines on walls, floors or ceilings  [7] 
    H02G 3/36Installations of electric cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings  [7] 
 F16L
Subclass index
LAYING OR RECLAIMING PIPES 1/00
SUPPORTING 3/00, 5/00, 7/00
PIPES 9/00, 11/00
PIPE JOINTS
Constructional kinds
non-disconnectable 13/00
screw-threaded 15/00
with separate joints: pressing member; sleeve or socket; flanged joints 19/00; 21/00; 23/00
bends or siphons 43/00
other joints 25/00
Functional kinds
with self-tightening sealings 17/00
adjustable or allowing movement 27/00
with fluid cut-off means 29/00
of quick-acting type 37/00
for double-walled or multi-channel pipes 39/00
branching pipes, joining pipes to walls 41/00
special for hoses 31/00, 33/00, 35/00
special for pipes: of plastics; of brittle material 47/00; 49/00
PIPING UNITS
Cleaning features 45/00
Compensation devices 51/00
Heating or cooling 53/00
Accessories 55/00
PROTECTION: AGAINST DAMAGE; CORROSION OR INCRUSTATION; THERMAL INSULATION 57/00; 58/00; 59/00
P:10 F16L 1/00
Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water (soldering or welding B23K; lifting-gear and load-engaging elements B66; hydraulic installations, soil drainage E02B; excavations or underwater constructions E02D; machines for digging trenches in combination with pipe-assembly E02F; laying sewer pipes E03F 3/00; in earth boreholes or wells E21B; tunnelling E21D; laying electric, or combined optical and electric, cables H02G; making special pipe joints, see the relevant groups for the joints)  [2,5,6]
 F16L 1/024
·  Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground (F16L 1/12 takes precedence)  [5]
 F16L 1/026
·  ·  in or on a frozen surface  [6]
 F16L 1/028
·  ·  in the ground (F16L 1/026 takes precedence)  [5,6]
 F16L 1/06
·  ·  Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors  [5]
 F16L 1/12
·  Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water (buoyant hoses F16L 11/12)  [5]
 F16L 1/26
·  Repairing or joining pipes on or under water (buoyant hoses F16L 11/12; joints per se F16L 13/00-F16L 49/00)  [5]
P:280 F16L 3/00
Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets (anchors for holding pipes on or under the ground F16L 1/06; noise absorbers in the form of specially adapted hangers or supports F16L 55/02; arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies F16L 59/12)  [5,7]
 F16L 3/01
·  for supporting or guiding the pipes, cables or protective tubing, between relatively movable points, e.g. movable channels (hauling- or hoisting-chains with arrangements for holding electric cables, hoses or the like F16G 13/00)  [5]
 F16L 3/02
·  partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing (bands or chains F16L 3/14)
 F16L 3/08
·  substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
 F16L 3/10
·  ·  divided, i.e. with two members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing
 F16L 3/12
·  ·  comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
 F16L 3/14
·  Hangers in the form of bands or chains
 F16L 3/16
·  with special provision allowing movement of the pipe (F16L 3/01 takes precedence; supporting pipes or cables inside other pipes or sleeves F16L 7/00)  [5]
 F16L 3/22
·  specially adapted for supporting a number of parallel pipes at intervals  [6]
 F16L 3/24
·  with special member for attachment to profiled girders
P:290 F16L 5/00
Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions (installations of electric cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings H02G 3/22)
 F16L 5/02
·  Sealing
P:240 F16L 7/00
Supporting pipes or cables inside other pipes or sleeves, e.g. for enabling pipes or cables to be inserted or withdrawn from under roads or railways without interruption of traffic (sleeves for supporting pipes, cables or protective tubing, between relatively movable points F16L 3/01)  [5]
 F16L 9/00 - 
F16L 11/00
Pipes
P:270 F16L 9/00
Rigid pipes (finned metal pipes F28F)
 F16L 9/18
·  Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies (joints therefor F16L 39/00)
P:260 F16L 11/00
Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes (hose-like supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, between relatively movable points F16L 3/01; suction-cleaner hoses A47L 9/24)  [5]
 F16L 11/04
·  made of rubber or flexible plastics
 F16L 11/08
·  ·  with reinforcements embedded in the wall (F16L 11/11 takes precedence)  [2]
 F16L 11/11
·  ·  with corrugated wall  [2]
 F16L 11/12
·  ·  with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting (F16L 11/11 takes precedence)  [2]
 F16L 13/00 - 
F16L 49/00
Pipe joints; Hose nipples (special adaptations of pipe joints for use with water-closet bowls E03D 11/00)  [2]
P:200 F16L 13/00
Non-disconnectable pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints (joints for rigid pipes of plastics F16L 47/00)
 F16L 13/007
·  specially adapted for joining pipes of dissimilar materials  [5]
 F16L 13/14
·  made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling
P:190 F16L 15/00
Screw-threaded joints (casing joints used in deep-drilling E21B 17/02; joints sealed primarily by means other than engagement of screw-threads, see the relevant groups characterised by the sealing arrangements); Forms of screw-threads for such joints
P:170 F16L 17/00
Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure (compensating devices F16L 51/00)
P:180 F16L 19/00
Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on, or into, one of the joint parts (F16L 17/00 takes precedence; if using bolts or equivalent connecting means F16L 23/00; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L 47/00)
 F16L 19/02
·  Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member
P:210 F16L 21/00
Joints with sleeve or socket (F16L 13/00, F16L 17/00, F16L 19/00 take precedence; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L 47/00; specially adapted for pipes of brittle material F16L 49/00)
 F16L 21/02
·  with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings (F16L 21/06, F16L 21/08 take precedence; if adjustability is essential F16L 27/00)
 F16L 21/06
·  with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe ends (flanged joints F16L 23/00; couplings of the quick-acting type F16L 37/00)
 F16L 21/08
·  with additional locking means (F16L 21/06 takes precedence; couplings of the quick-acting type F16L 37/00)
P:220 F16L 23/00
Flanged joints (F16L 13/00, F16L 17/00, F16L 19/00 take precedence; adjustable joints F16L 27/00; for hoses F16L 33/00; couplings of the quick-acting type F16L 37/00; for double-walled or multi-channel pipes, or pipe assemblies F16L 39/00; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L 47/00; specially adapted for pipes of brittle material F16L 49/00)
P:230 F16L 25/00
Construction or details of pipe joints not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F16L 13/00-F16L 23/00 (adjustable or allowing movement F16L 27/00; with fluid cut-off means F16L 29/00; quick-acting F16L 37/00; for double-walled or multi-channel pipes F16L 39/00; connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L 47/00; specially adapted for pipes of brittle material F16L 49/00)
P:120 F16L 27/00
Adjustable joints; Joints allowing movement (of the quick-acting type F16L 37/00; for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies F16L 39/00; swivel joints in hose lines used for flushing boreholes E21B 21/00)  [5]
 F16L 27/02
·  Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
 F16L 27/12
·  allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment or movement (by use of screw-thread F16L 15/00)
P:130 F16L 29/00
Joints with fluid cut-off means (quick-acting joints with cut-off means F16L 37/28)
P:100 F16L 31/00
Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves (F16L 33/00 takes precedence)
P:90 F16L 33/00
Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members (hand tools for inserting fittings into hoses B25B 27/02); Rigid hose-connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses (connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics F16L 47/00)
 F16L 33/01 - 
F16L 33/34

Note(s)

Groups F16L 33/01 and F16L 33/26 take precedence over other subgroups [7]

 F16L 33/01
·  specially adapted for hoses having a multi-layer wall  [2]
 F16L 33/02
·  Hose-clips
 F16L 33/16
·  with sealing or securing means using fluid pressure
 F16L 33/18
·  characterised by the use of additional sealing means
 F16L 33/20
·  Undivided rings, sleeves, or like members contracted on the hose or expanded inside the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members
 F16L 33/22
·  with means not mentioned in the preceding groups for gripping the hose between inner and outer parts
 F16L 33/24
·  with parts screwed directly on or into the hose (F16L 33/22 takes precedence)
 F16L 33/26
·  specially adapted for hoses made of metal
 F16L 33/28
·  for hoses with one end terminating in a radial flange or collar  [5]
 F16L 33/30
·  comprising parts inside the hoses only (F16L 33/24 takes precedence)  [7]
 F16L 33/32
·  comprising parts outside the hoses only (F16L 33/24 takes precedence)  [7]
 F16L 33/34
·  with bonding obtained by vulcanisation, gluing, melting, or the like  [7]
P:80 F16L 35/00
Special arrangements used in connection with end fittings of hoses, e.g. safety or protecting devices
P:110 F16L 37/00
Couplings of the quick-acting type (radially-binding sleeves F16L 17/00, F16L 21/06; connecting hoses to rigid members F16L 33/00; connections made automatically when vehicles are brought together B60D, B61G; specially adapted for lubricating devices F16N 21/00)
 F16L 37/28
·  with fluid cut-off means
P:140 F16L 39/00
Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
P:150 F16L 41/00
Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls (F16L 39/00 takes precedence; connections not designed for conveying fluid F16B 9/00; joints suitable for connecting together pipe ends, see the relevant groups)
 F16L 41/02
·  Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
 F16L 41/08
·  Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of a wall or to the axis of another pipe (F16L 41/02 takes precedence)  [2]
P:160 F16L 43/00
Bends; Siphons (with cleaning apertures F16L 45/00; siphons for water-closets E03D 11/00; siphons in general F04F 10/00)
P:250 F16L 45/00
Pipe units with cleaning aperture and closure therefor
P:60 F16L 47/00
Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics (packing, for joints, adapted to sealing by fluid pressure F16L 17/00)
 F16L 47/02
·  Welded joints; Adhesive joints
P:70 F16L 49/00
Connecting arrangements, e.g. joints, specially adapted for pipes of brittle material, e.g. glass, earthenware
   
P:40 F16L 51/00
Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines (telescopic pipes F16L 27/12)
P:50 F16L 53/00
Heating or cooling pipes or pipe systems (preventing freezing of pipes, thawing frozen pipes E03B 7/00; pipe-line systems, pipe-lines F17D)
P:300 F16L 55/00
Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems (F16L 1/00-F16L 53/00, F16L 57/00, F16L 59/00 take precedence; repairing or joining pipes on or under water F16L 1/26; nozzles B05B; cleaning of pipes B08B 9/02, e.g. removal of blockages B08B 9/02; devices for preventing bursting of water pipes by freezing E03B 7/00; for domestic plumbing installations E03C 1/00; arrangements for sealing leaky tubes or conduits of heat-exchangers F28F 11/00)
 F16L 55/02
·  Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers (in valves F16K 47/00)
 F16L 55/04
·  Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
 F16L 55/07
·  Arrangement or mounting of devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating or draining (arrangement of draining devices in water-supply systems E03B 7/00; apparatus for draining F16K, F16T; venting or aerating devices per se F16K 24/00)  [2]
 F16L 55/09
·  Air-conditioning, e.g. de-watering, in pneumatic systems (in general F24)
 F16L 55/10
·  Means for stopping flow in pipes or hoses (F16L 29/00, F16L 37/28 take precedence; for covering leaks F16L 55/16; valves F16K)  [1,7]
 F16L 55/16
·  Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders  [1,7]
 F16L 55/162
·  ·  from inside the pipe (specially adapted for bends, branch units, branching pipes, or the like F16L 55/16)  [5,7]
 F16L 55/18
·  Appliances for use in repairing pipes (F16L 55/10 takes precedence)
 F16L 55/24
·  Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers
 F16L 55/26
·  Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means (tunnel railway systems B61B 13/10; conveying articles through pipes or tubes, e.g. tube mail systems, B65G 51/00)  [5]
 F16L 55/26

Note(s)

Pigs or moles specially adapted for particular applications are classified in the relevant places for the applications, e.g.

P:20 F16L 57/00
Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves F16L 7/00; used in connection with end fittings of hoses F16L 35/00; protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation F16L 58/00; protection thereof during transport B65D, e.g. B65D 59/00)
P:30 F16L 58/00
Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation (supporting of pipes inside other pipes or sleeves F16L 7/00; compound tubes F16L 9/00; cleaning pipes or tubes B08B 9/02)
 F16L 58/02
·  by means of internal or external coatings (coatings for thermal insulation F16L 59/00; methods or machines for applying coatings, see the relevant places, e.g. B28B 21/00)  [2]
P:0 F16L 59/00
Thermal insulation in general (heat, sound insulation in buildings E04B; heat insulation of steam engines F01B 31/00; heat insulation in rotary piston machines or engines F01C 21/00; heat insulation of pumps F04C 29/04; thermal insulation of pressure vessels F17C 1/00; vessels not under pressure, with provision for insulation F17C 3/00)
 F16L 59/02
·  Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials (chemical aspects, see the relevant classes)
 F16L 59/04
·  Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool
 F16L 59/06
·  Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
 F16L 59/08
·  Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
 F16L 59/10
·  Bandages or covers for the protection of the insulation, e.g. against the influence of the environment or against mechanical damage (integral with insulating materials F16L 59/02)
 F16L 59/12
·  Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies