H
SECTION H — ELECTRICITY
 H

Note(s)

These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.

  1. Section H covers:
    1. basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
    2. generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
    3. applied electricity, which covers:
      1. general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
      2. some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
        1. electric light sources, including lasers;
        2. electric X-ray technique;
        3. electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
    4. basic electronic circuits and their control;
    5. radio or electric communication technique;
    6. the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
  2. In this section, the following general rules apply:
    1. Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
    2. The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
      1. the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
      2. the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
      3. the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
      4. the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
      5. the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
    3. All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
  3. In this section, the following special cases occur:
    1. Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
    2. In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
    3. In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclass F21V, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by the various subclasses of class F21;
    4. As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.

 H01
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
 H01

Note(s)

  1. Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art.
  2. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems". [7]
 H01Q
AERIALS (microwave radiators for near-field therapeutic treatment A61N 5/02; apparatus for testing aerials or for measuring aerial characteristics G01R; waveguides H01P; radiators or aerials for microwave heating H05B 6/72)
 H01Q

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • in addition to the primary active radiating elements,
      1. secondary devices for absorbing or for modifying the direction or polarisation of waves radiated from aerials, and
      2. combinations with auxiliary devices such as earthing switches, lead-in devices, and lightning protectors;
    • both transmitting and receiving aerials.  [3]
  2. This subclass does not cover devices of the waveguide type, such as resonators or lines, not designed as radiating elements, which are covered by subclass H01P.
  3. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "active radiating element" covers corresponding parts of a receiving aerial.  [3]
 H01Q
Subclass index
TYPES OF AERIALS
Loop type 7/00
Waveguide type 13/00
Other type: short; long 9/00; 11/00
DEVICES FOR INFLUENCING RADIATED WAVES
Quasi-optical; absorbing 15/00; 17/00
COMBINATIONS OF PRIMARY ACTIVE ELEMENTS WITH SECONDARY DEVICES 19/00
COMBINATIONS OF AERIALS WITH ACTIVE CIRCUITS OR CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 23/00
ARRANGEMENTS PROVIDING MORE THAN ONE RADIATION PATTERN 25/00
AERIAL ARRAYS OR SYSTEMS 21/00
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS
Details; orientation; simultaneity 1/00; 3/00; 5/00
P:120 H01Q 1/00
Details of, or arrangements associated with, aerials (arrangements for varying orientation of directional pattern H01Q 3/00)
 H01Q 1/00

Note(s)

  1. This group covers only:
    • structural details or features of aerials not dependent on electric operation;
    • structural details or features applicable to more than one type of aerial or aerial element.
  2. Structural details or features described with reference to, or clearly applicable only to, aerials or aerial elements of a particular type are classified in the group appropriate to that type.
 H01Q 1/02
·  Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out
 H01Q 1/08
·  Means for collapsing aerials or parts thereof (collapsible loop aerials H01Q 7/00; collapsible H-aerials or Yagi aerials H01Q 19/00)
 H01Q 1/12
·  Supports; Mounting means (supporting conductors in general H02G 7/00)
 H01Q 1/14
·  ·  for wire or other non-rigid radiating elements
 H01Q 1/18
·  ·  Means for stabilising aerials on an unstable platform
 H01Q 1/20
·  ·  Resilient mountings
 H01Q 1/22
·  ·  by structural association with other equipment or articles
 H01Q 1/24
·  ·  ·  with receiving set
 H01Q 1/27
·  Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies (H01Q 1/08, H01Q 1/12, H01Q 1/18 take precedence)  [3]
 H01Q 1/32
·  ·  Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles (telescopic elements H01Q 1/08; resilient mountings for aerials H01Q 1/20)  [3]
 H01Q 1/36
·  Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella (H01Q 1/08, H01Q 1/14 take precedence)
 H01Q 1/38
·  ·  formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support (conductors in general H01B 5/14)
 H01Q 1/42
·  Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
 H01Q 1/44
·  using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an aerial (H01Q 1/27 takes precedence)
 H01Q 1/50
·  Structural association of aerials with earthing switches, lead-in devices, or lightning protectors (lead-in devices H01B; lightning protectors, switches H01H)
P:0 H01Q 3/00
Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an aerial or aerial system
 H01Q 3/02
·  using mechanical movement of aerial or aerial system as a whole
 H01Q 3/08
·  ·  for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
 H01Q 3/22
·  varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
 H01Q 3/24
·  varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
 H01Q 3/26
·  varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture (H01Q 3/22, H01Q 3/24 take precedence)
 H01Q 3/28
·  ·  varying the amplitude  [3]
 H01Q 3/30
·  ·  varying the phase  [3]
P:10 H01Q 5/00
Arrangements for simultaneous operation of aerials on two or more different wavebands (length of elements adjustable H01Q 9/04; combinations of separate active aerial units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system H01Q 21/30)  [3]
P:70 H01Q 7/00
Loop aerials with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
P:80 H01Q 9/00
Electrically-short aerials having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements (loop aerials H01Q 7/00; waveguide horns or mouths H01Q 13/00; slot aerials H01Q 13/00; combinations of active elements with secondary devices to give desired directional characteristic H01Q 19/00; combinations of two or more active elements H01Q 21/00)
 H01Q 9/04
·  Resonant aerials (telescopic elements H01Q 1/08)
P:90 H01Q 11/00
Electrically-long aerials having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements (leaky-waveguide aerials, slot aerials H01Q 13/00; combinations of active elements with secondary devices to give desired directional characteristic H01Q 19/00; aerial arrays or systems H01Q 21/00)
P:60 H01Q 13/00
Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot aerials; Leaky-waveguide aerials; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave (multimode aerials H01Q 25/00)
 H01Q 13/08
·  Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
 H01Q 13/10
·  Resonant slot aerials
 H01Q 13/20
·  Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line aerials; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
P:110 H01Q 15/00
Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction, or polarisation of waves radiated from an aerial, e.g. quasi-optical devices (variable for purpose of altering directivity H01Q 3/00; arrangements of such devices for guiding waves H01P 3/00; variable for purpose of modulation H03C 7/00)
 H01Q 15/14
·  Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
P:40 H01Q 17/00
Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an aerial; Combinations of such devices with active aerial elements or systems
P:50 H01Q 19/00
Combinations of primary active aerial elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the aerial a desired directional characteristic
 H01Q 19/10
·  using reflecting surfaces
P:30 H01Q 21/00
Aerial arrays or systems (producing a beam the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of which can be changed or varied H01Q 3/00; electrically-long aerials H01Q 11/00)
 H01Q 21/06
·  Arrays of individually energised aerial units similarly polarised and spaced apart
 H01Q 21/08
·  ·  the units being spaced along, or adjacent to, a rectilinear path
 H01Q 21/20
·  ·  the units being spaced along, or adjacent to, a curvilinear path
 H01Q 21/22
·  ·  Aerial units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array, binomial array
 H01Q 21/24
·  Combinations of aerial units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
 H01Q 21/30
·  Combinations of separate aerial units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
P:100 H01Q 23/00
Aerials with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them  [3]
 H01Q 23/00

Note(s)

  1. This group covers only such combinations in which the type of aerial or aerial element is immaterial.  [3]
  2. Combinations with a particular type of aerial are classified in the group appropriate to that type.  [3]
P:20 H01Q 25/00
Aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiating patterns (arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q 3/00)  [3]