C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C10
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
 C10M
LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well drilling compositions C09K 8/02); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B22C 3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B29C 33/56, for glass C03B 40/00; textile lubricating compositions D06M 11/00, D06M 13/00, D06M 15/00; use of particular substances in particular apparatus or conditions, see F16N or the relevant groups for the application, e.g. A21D 8/00, B21C 9/00, H01B 3/18; immersion oils for microscopy G02B 21/33)  [4]
 C10M

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "lubricant" or "lubricating composition" includes cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metal drawing compositions, flushing oils, slushing oils, or the like;
    • "aliphatic" includes "cycloaliphatic". [4]
  2. In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. Thus, a compound having an aromatic ring is classified as aromatic regardless of whether the substituent(s) of interest are on the ring or on an aliphatic part of the molecule. [4]
  3. In this subclass:
    1. metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified as that compound;
    2. salts or adducts formed between two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salt or adduct, if of interest;
    3. a specified compound, e.g. phenols, acids, substituted by a macromolecular hydrocarbon radical is classified as that compound;
    4. base-materials or thickeners or additives consisting of a mixture for which no specific main group is provided are classified in the most indented group covering all essential constituents of the mixture, for example,
    5. except for aqueous lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water, which are classified separately, classification is made according to the type of ingredient or mixture of types of ingredient (base-material, thickener or additive) which characterises the composition.

      Attention is drawn to the fact that a mixture of essential ingredients characterised by only one of its components, rather than by the mixture as a whole, is not classified as a mixture, e.g., a lubricating composition consisting of:

      • a known base-material and a new additive is classified only in the "additive" part of the classification scheme;
      • a known base-material with both a thickener and a further additive as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified as a mixture of thickener and additive;
      • a known base-material with a combination of additives as essential ingredients, which may be individually known or not, is classified in the appropriate place for the additive mixture. [4]

  4. Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) or (3) above, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in the last appropriate place. The part can be either a single ingredient or a composition in itself. [8]
  5. Any part of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) to (4) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in the last appropriate place. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
 C10M
Subclass index
BASE-MATERIALS
Mineral or fatty oils 101/00
Inorganic materials 103/00
Non-macromolecular organic compounds 105/00
Macromolecular compounds 107/00
Compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution 109/00
Mixtures 111/00, 169/00
THICKENERS
Inorganic materials 113/00
Non-macromolecular organic compounds 115/00, 117/00
Macromolecular compounds 119/00
Compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution 121/00
Mixtures 123/00, 169/00
ADDITIVES
Inorganic materials 125/00
Non-macromolecular organic compounds 127/00 - 139/00
Macromolecular compounds 143/00 - 155/00
Compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution 159/00
Mixtures 141/00, 157/00, 161/00 - 169/00
COMPOSITIONS CHARACTERISED BY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 171/00
AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS 173/00
WORKING-UP 175/00
PREPARATION OR AFTER TREATMENT 177/00
 C10M 101/00 - 
C10M 111/00
Base-materials  [4]
P:370 C10M 101/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil (containing more than 10% water C10M 173/00)  [4]
P:360 C10M 103/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material (containing more than 10% water C10M 173/00)  [4]
P:350 C10M 105/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound  [4]
P:340 C10M 107/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound  [4]
P:380 C10M 109/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution (C10M 101/00 takes precedence)  [4]
P:330 C10M 111/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M 101/00-C10M 109/00, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
 C10M 113/00 - 
C10M 123/00
Thickeners  [4]
 C10M 113/00 - 
C10M 123/00

Note(s)

In groups C10M 113/00-C10M 123/00, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

P:320 C10M 113/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being an inorganic material  [4]
P:310 C10M 115/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof  [4]
P:300 C10M 117/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof  [4]
P:290 C10M 119/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound  [4]
P:280 C10M 121/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution  [4]
P:270 C10M 123/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M 113/00-C10M 121/00, each of these compounds being essential (inorganic materials coated with organic compounds C10M 113/00)  [4]
 C10M 125/00 - 
C10M 167/00
Additives  [4]
P:260 C10M 125/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material (aqueous lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water C10M 173/00)  [4]
P:240 C10M 127/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non-macromolecular hydrocarbon (petroleum fractions C10M 159/00)  [4]
P:230 C10M 129/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen  [4]
P:220 C10M 131/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen  [4]
P:210 C10M 133/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen (polyalkylene polyamines with eleven or more monomer units C10M 149/00)  [4]
P:200 C10M 135/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium  [4]
P:190 C10M 137/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus  [4]
P:250 C10M 139/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M 127/00-C10M 137/00  [4]
P:180 C10M 141/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M 125/00-C10M 139/00, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
P:160 C10M 143/00
Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation  [4]
P:150 C10M 145/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen (oxidised hydrocarbons C10M 143/00)  [4]
P:140 C10M 147/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing halogen  [4]
P:130 C10M 149/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen  [4]
P:120 C10M 151/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium  [4]
P:110 C10M 153/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing phosphorus  [4]
P:170 C10M 155/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M 143/00-C10M 153/00  [4]
P:100 C10M 157/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M 143/00-C10M 155/00, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
P:90 C10M 159/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution (carboxylic acids with less than 30 carbon atoms in the chain, of unknown or incompletely defined constitution C10M 129/00)  [4]
P:80 C10M 161/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
P:70 C10M 163/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
P:60 C10M 165/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
P:50 C10M 167/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
 C10M 169/00
Mixtures of base-materials, thickeners and additives  [4]
P:40 C10M 169/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential  [4]
 C10M 171/00
Compositions characterised by physical properties  [4]
P:30 C10M 171/00
Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated (chemically defined ingredients C10M 101/00-C10M 169/00; petroleum fractions C10M 101/00, C10M 121/00, C10M 159/00)  [4]
 C10M 173/00
Aqueous lubricating compositions  [4]
P:20 C10M 173/00
Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water  [4]
 C10M 173/02
·  not containing mineral or fatty oils  [4]
 C10M 175/00
Working-up  [4]
P:10 C10M 175/00
Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products  [4]
 C10M 177/00
Preparation or after-treatment  [4]
P:0 C10M 177/00
Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes  [4]