C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C01
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products C04B 35/00; fermentation or enzyme-using processes for the preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide C12P 3/00; obtaining metal compounds from mixtures, e.g. ores, which are intermediate compounds in a metallurgical process for obtaining a free metal C21B, C22B; production of non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B)
 C01

Note(s)

  1. In subclasses C01B-C01G, and within each of these subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, e.g. potassium permanganate is classified only as a permanganate compound, in subclass C01G[3]
  2. Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass A01P[8]
  3. Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: [5]
    1. liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
    2. treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
    are further classified in subclass C12S[5]
 C01B
NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
 C01B

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, tradenames that are often found in scientific and patent literature have been used in order to define precisely the scope of the groups. [6]
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of section C. [3]
  3. Attention is drawn to Note (1) after class C01, which defines the last place priority rule applied in this class, i.e. in the range of subclasses C01B-C01G and within these subclasses. [8]
  4. Therapeutic activity of compounds is further classified in subclass A61P[7]
 C01B
Subclass index
HYDROGEN; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; WATER; HYDRIDES 3/00; 4/00; 5/00; 6/00
SYNTHESIS GAS 3/00
HALOGENS OR THEIR COMPOUNDS 7/00, 9/00, 11/00
OXYGEN, OXIDES IN GENERAL; PER-COMPOUNDS 13/00; 15/00
SULFUR, COMPOUNDS THEREOF 17/00
NITROGEN, COMPOUNDS THEREOF 21/00
PHOSPHORUS, COMPOUNDS THEREOF 25/00
CARBON, COMPOUNDS THEREOF 31/00
SILICON, COMPOUNDS THEREOF 33/00
SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM; BORON 19/00; 35/00
NOBLE GASES 23/00
COMPOUNDS HAVING MOLECULAR SIEVE PROPERTIES BUT NOT HAVING BASE-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES 37/00
COMPOUNDS HAVING MOLECULAR SIEVE AND BASE-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES 39/00
 C01B 3/00 - 
C01B 6/00
Hydrogen; Hydrides; Water; Synthesis gas from hydrocarbons
P:180 C01B 3/00
Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it (separation of gases by physical means.. B01D); Purification of hydrogen (production of water-gas or synthesis gas from solid carbonaceous material C10J; purifying or modifying the chemical compositions of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide. C10K; production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water C25B 1/00)  [3]
P:170 C01B 4/00
Hydrogen isotopes; Inorganic compounds thereof prepared by isotope exchange, e.g. NH3+D2 NH2D+HD (separation of isotopes B01D 59/00; other chemical reactions to form compounds of hydrogen isotopes, see the relevant groups for hydrogen compounds in class C01)  [2]
P:160 C01B 5/00
Water
P:150 C01B 6/00
Hydrides of metals; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof (higher hydrides of boron, substituted hydrides of boron C01B 35/00)  [2]
 C01B 7/00 - 
C01B 11/00
Halogens; Compounds thereof
P:140 C01B 7/00
Halogens; Halogen acids (oxyacids C01B 11/00)
P:130 C01B 9/00
General methods of preparing halides (particular individual halides, see the relevant groups in subclasses C01B-C01G according to the element combined with the halogen; electrolytic production of inorganic compounds C25B)
P:120 C01B 11/00
Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
 C01B 13/00 - 
C01B 15/00
Oxygen; Oxides or hydroxides in general; Per-compounds
P:110 C01B 13/00
Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
 C01B 13/02
·  Preparation of oxygen (by liquefying F25J)
 C01B 13/08
·  ·  from air with the aid of metal oxides, e.g. barium oxide, manganese oxide
 C01B 13/10
·  Preparation of ozone
 C01B 13/11
·  ·  by electric discharge  [2]
 C01B 13/14
·  Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general (particular individual oxides or hydroxides, see the relevant groups of subclasses C01B-C01G or C25B, according to the element combined with the oxygen or hydroxy group)
 C01B 13/16
·  ·  Purification  [3]
 C01B 13/18
·  ·  by thermal decomposition of compounds, e.g. of salts or hydroxides  [3]
 C01B 13/20
·  ·  by oxidation of elements in the gaseous state; by oxidation or hydrolysis of compounds in the gaseous state  [3]
 C01B 13/32
·  ·  by oxidation or hydrolysis of elements or compounds in the liquid or solid state  [3]
 C01B 13/34
·  ·  by oxidation or hydrolysis of sprayed or atomised solutions  [3]
 C01B 13/36
·  ·  by precipitation reactions in solutions  [3]
P:100 C01B 15/00
Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
   
P:90 C01B 17/00
Sulfur; Compounds thereof (persulfuric acids, persulfates C01B 15/00; metal production pre-treatment roasting processes of ores or scrap to remove sulfur, generating sulfur dioxide C22B 1/00)
P:80 C01B 19/00
Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof (phosphorus compounds C01B 25/00)
P:40 C01B 21/00
Nitrogen; Compounds thereof (preparation from ammonia C01B 3/00; purification or separation of nitrogen by liquefying F25J)
P:30 C01B 23/00
Noble gases; Compounds thereof (liquefying F25J)
P:70 C01B 25/00
Phosphorus; Compounds thereof (C01B 21/00, C01B 23/00 take precedence; peroxyacids of phosphorus or salts thereof C01B 15/00; perphosphates C01B 15/00)  [3]
P:60 C01B 31/00
Carbon; Compounds thereof (C01B 21/00, C01B 23/00 take precedence; percarbonates C01B 15/00; preparation of carbon by using ultra-high pressure B01J 3/06; carbon black C09C 1/44; gas carbon production C10B; carbon crystal growth C30B)  [3]
P:50 C01B 33/00
Silicon; Compounds thereof (C01B 21/00, C01B 23/00 take precedence; persilicates C01B 15/00; carbides C01B 31/00; after-treatment of finely divided silica, neither in sol nor gel form, to enhance pigmenting or filling properties C09C; forming single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure C30B; purification of silicon by zone-melting C30B 13/00)  [3]
P:20 C01B 35/00
Boron; Compounds thereof (monoborane, diborane, metal borohydrides or addition complexes thereof C01B 6/00; perborates C01B 15/00; binary compounds with nitrogen C01B 21/00; phosphides C01B 25/00; carbides C01B 31/00; alloys containing boron C22)  [2]
 C01B 37/00 - 
C01B 39/00
Compounds characterised primarily by their physical or chemical properties, rather than by their chemical constitution  [6]
P:10 C01B 37/00
Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties  [6]
P:0 C01B 39/00
Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination (treatment to modify the sorption properties, e.g. shaping using a binder, B01J 20/10; treatment to modify the catalytic properties, e.g. combination of treatments to make the zeolites appropriate to their use as a catalyst, B01J 29/00; treatment to improve the ion-exchange properties B01J 39/00; regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchange properties B01J 49/00; preparation of stabilised suspensions used in detergents C11D 3/12)  [6]
 C01B 39/00

Note(s)

In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:  [6]

  • "zeolites" means:  [6]
    1. crystalline aluminosilicates with base-exchange and molecular sieve properties, having three dimensional, microporous lattice framework structure of tetrahedral oxide units;  [6]
    2. compounds isomorphous to those of the former category, wherein the aluminium or silicon atoms in the framework are partly or wholly replaced by atoms of other elements, e.g. by gallium, germanium, phosphorus or boron.  [6]