G
SECTION G — PHYSICS
 G

Note(s)

  1. In this section, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "variable" (as a noun) means a feature or property (e.g., a dimension, a physical condition such as temperature, a quality such as density or colour) which, in respect of a particular entity (e.g., an object, a quantity of a substance, a beam of light) and at a particular instant, is capable of being measured; the variable may change, so that its numerical expression may assume different values at different times, in different conditions or in individual cases, but may be constant in respect of a particular entity in certain conditions or for practical purposes (e.g., the length of a bar may be regarded as constant for many purposes).
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of terms or expressions used, appearing in the notes of several of the classes in this section, in particular those of "measuring" in class G01 and "control" and "regulation" in class G05.
  3. Classification in this section may present more difficulty than in other sections, because the distinction between different fields of use rests to a considerable extent on differences in the intention of the user rather than on any constructional differences or differences in the manner of use, and because the subjects dealt with are often in effect systems or combinations, which have features or parts in common, rather than "things", which are readily distinguishable as a whole. For example, information (e.g., a set of figures) may be displayed for the purpose of education or advertising (G09), for enabling the result of a measurement to be known (G01), for signalling the information to a distant point or for giving information which has been signalled from a distant point (G08). The words used to describe the purpose depend on features that may be irrelevant to the form of the apparatus concerned, for example, such features as the desired effect on the person who sees the display, or whether the display is controlled from a remote point. Again, a device which responds to some change in a condition, e.g., in the pressure of a fluid, may be used, without modification of the device itself, to give information about the pressure (G01L) or about some other condition linked to the pressure (another subclass of class G01, e.g., G01K for temperature), to make a record of the pressure or of its occurrence (G07C), to give an alarm (G08B), or to control another apparatus (G05).

    The classification scheme is intended to enable things of a similar nature (as indicated above) to be classified together. It is therefore particularly necessary for the real nature of any technical subject to be decided before it can be properly classified.

  
INSTRUMENTS
 G06
COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING (score computers for games A63B 71/06, A63D 15/00, A63F 1/00; combinations of writing implements with computing devices B43K 29/00)
 G06

Note(s)

  1. This class covers:
    • simulators which are concerned with the mathematics of computing the existing or anticipated conditions within the real device or system;
    • simulators which demonstrate, by means involving computing, the function of apparatus or of a system, if no provision exists elsewhere;
    • image data processing or generation.
  2. This class does not cover:
    • control functions derived from simulators, in general, which are covered by class G05, although such functions may be covered by the subclass of this class for the device controlled;
    • measurement or analysis of an individual variable to serve as an input to a simulator, which is covered by class G01;
    • simulators regarded as teaching or training devices which is the case if they give perceptible sensations having a likeness to the sensations a student would experience in reality in response to actions taken by him. Such simulators are covered by class G09;
    • components of simulators, if identical with real devices or machines, which are covered by the relevant subclass for these devices or machines (and not by class G09).
  3. In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "data" is used as the synonym of "information". Therefore, the term "information" is not used in subclasses G06C, G06F or G06Q;
    • "calculating or computing" includes, inter alia, operations on numerical values and on data expressed in numerical form. Of these terms "computing" is used throughout the class;
    • "computation" is derived from this interpretation of "computing". In the French language the term "calcul" will serve for either term;
    • "simulator" is a device which may use the same time scale as the real device or operate on an expanded or compressed time scale. In interpreting this term models of real devices to reduced or expanded scales are not regarded as simulators;
    • "record carrier" means a body, such as a cylinder, disc, card, tape, or wire, capable of permanently holding information, which can be read-off by a sensing element movable relative to the recorded information.
  4. Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of section G, especially as regards the definition of the term "variable".
 G06F
ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computers in which a part of the computation is effected hydraulically or pneumatically G06D, optically G06E; computer systems based on specific computational models G06N; impedance networks using digital techniques H03H)
 G06F

Note(s)

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

 G06F
Subclass index
DATA PROCESSING 7/00, 15/00 - 19/00
INPUT, OUTPUT; INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS 3/00; 13/00
ADDRESSING OR ALLOCATION 12/00
CONVERSION; PROGRAMME CONTROL; ERROR DETECTION, MONITORING 5/00; 9/00; 11/00
DETAILS 1/00
SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS 21/00
P:110 G06F 1/00
Details not covered by groups G06F 3/00-G06F 13/00 and G06F 21/00 (architectures of general purpose stored programme computers G06F 15/76)  [1,8]
 G06F 1/02
·  Digital function generators
 G06F 1/04
·  Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
 G06F 1/06
·  ·  Clock generators producing several clock signals  [5]
 G06F 1/08
·  ·  Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency  [5]
 G06F 1/10
·  ·  Distribution of clock signals  [5]
 G06F 1/12
·  ·  Synchronisation of different clock signals  [5]
 G06F 1/14
·  ·  Time supervision arrangements, e.g. real time clock  [5]
 G06F 1/16
·  Constructional details or arrangements (instrument details G12B)  [5]
 G06F 1/18
·  ·  Packaging or power distribution  [5]
 G06F 1/20
·  ·  Cooling means  [5]
 G06F 1/22
·  Means for limiting or controlling the pin/gate ratio  [5]
 G06F 1/24
·  Resetting means (micro-programme loading G06F 9/24; restoration from data faults G06F 11/00)  [5]
 G06F 1/26
·  Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof (for memories G11C)  [5]
 G06F 1/28
·  ·  Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision  [5]
 G06F 1/30
·  ·  Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations (for resetting only G06F 1/24; involving the processing of data-words G06F 11/00)  [5]
 G06F 1/32
·  ·  Means for saving power  [5]
P:90 G06F 3/00
Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements (typewriters B41J; conversion of physical variables F15B 5/00, G01; image acquisition G06T 1/00, G06T 9/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M; transmission of digital information H04L)  [4]
 G06F 3/01
·  Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer (G06F 3/16 takes precedence)  [8]
 G06F 3/02
·  ·  Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials (keyboard switches per se H01H 13/70; electronic switches characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated H03K 17/94)  [3,8]
 G06F 3/023
·  ·  ·  Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes (coding in connection with keyboards or like devices in general H03M 11/00)  [3,8]
 G06F 3/027
·  ·  ·  ·  for insertion of the decimal point  [3,8]
 G06F 3/03
·  ·  Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form  [3,8]
 G06F 3/03

Note(s)

In this group, the first place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, classification is made in the first appropriate place. [8]

 G06F 3/033
·  ·  ·  Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor  [3,8]
 G06F 3/041
·  ·  ·  Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means  [8]
 G06F 3/048
·  ·  Interaction techniques for graphical user interfaces, e.g. interaction with windows, icons or menus  [8]
 G06F 3/05
·  Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time (sample-and-hold arrangements G11C 27/00; sampling per se H03K 17/00; analogue/digital conversion, in general H03M 1/00)
 G06F 3/06
·  Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers
 G06F 3/08
·  ·  from or to individual record carriers, e.g. punched card
 G06F 3/09
·  Digital output to typewriters  [3]
 G06F 3/12
·  Digital output to print unit (digital output to typewriter G06F 3/09; arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data using printers G06K 15/02)
 G06F 3/13
·  Digital output to plotter (arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data using plotters G06K 15/22)  [3]
 G06F 3/14
·  Digital output to display device (arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data G06K 15/00; control of display in general G09G)
 G06F 3/147
·  ·  using display panels  [3]
 G06F 3/153
·  ·  using cathode-ray tubes  [3]
 G06F 3/16
·  Sound input; Sound output (conversion of speech into digital information or vice versa G10L)
 G06F 3/18
·  Digital input from automatic curve follower (automatic curve followers per se G06K 11/00)  [3]
P:80 G06F 5/00
Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled (coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)  [4]
 G06F 5/01
·  for shifting, e.g. justifying, scaling, normalising  [5]
 G06F 5/06
·  for changing the speed of data flow, i.e. speed regularising
P:60 G06F 7/00
Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled (logic circuits H03K 19/00)
 G06F 7/02
·  Comparing digital values (G06F 7/06, G06F 7/38 take precedence; information retrieval G06F 17/30; comparing pulses H03K 5/22)
 G06F 7/06
·  Arrangements for sorting, selecting, merging, or comparing data on individual record carriers (sorting of postal letters B07C; conveying record carriers from one station to another G06K 13/02)
 G06F 7/22
·  Arrangements for sorting or merging computer data on continuous record carriers, e.g. tape, drum, disc
 G06F 7/38
·  Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation  [3]
 G06F 7/40
·  ·  using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay (G06F 7/46 takes precedence)
 G06F 7/46
·  ·  using electromechanical counter-type accumulators
 G06F 7/48
·  ·  using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices  [3]
 G06F 7/58
·  Random or pseudo-random number generators  [3]
 G06F 7/60
·  Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations  [3]
 G06F 7/74
·  Selecting or encoding within a word the position of one or more bits having a specified value, e.g. most or least significant one or zero detection, priority encoders  [8]
 G06F 7/76
·  Arrangements for rearranging, permuting or selecting data according to predetermined rules, independently of the content of the data (according to the content of the data G06F 7/06, G06F 7/22; parallel/series conversion or vice versa H03M 9/00)  [8]
P:20 G06F 9/00
Arrangements for programme control, e.g. control unit (programme control for peripheral devices G06F 13/10)  [4]
 G06F 9/02
·  using wired connections, e.g. plugboard
 G06F 9/04
·  using record carriers containing only programme instructions (G06F 9/06 takes precedence)
 G06F 9/06
·  using stored programme, i.e. using internal store of processing equipment to receive and retain programme
 G06F 9/22
·  ·  Micro-control or micro-programme arrangements  [3]
 G06F 9/24
·  ·  ·  Loading of the micro-programme  [3]
 G06F 9/26
·  ·  ·  Address formation of the next micro-instruction (G06F 9/28 takes precedence)  [3]
 G06F 9/28
·  ·  ·  Enhancement of operational speed, e.g. by using several micro-control devices operating in parallel  [3]
 G06F 9/30
·  ·  Arrangements for executing machine- instructions, e.g. instruction decode (for executing micro-instructions G06F 9/22; for executing subprogrammes G06F 9/40)  [3]
 G06F 9/302
·  ·  ·  Controlling the executing of arithmetic operations  [5]
 G06F 9/305
·  ·  ·  Controlling the executing of logical operations  [5]
 G06F 9/308
·  ·  ·  Controlling single bit operations (G06F 9/305 takes precedence)  [5]
 G06F 9/312
·  ·  ·  Controlling loading, storing or clearing operations  [5]
 G06F 9/315
·  ·  ·  Controlling moving, shifting or rotation operations  [5]
 G06F 9/318
·  ·  ·  with operation extension or modification  [5]
 G06F 9/32
·  ·  ·  Address formation of the next instruction, e.g. incrementing the instruction counter, jump (G06F 9/38 takes precedence; subprogramme jump G06F 9/40)  [3]
 G06F 9/34
·  ·  ·  Addressing or accessing the instruction operand or the result (address translation G06F 12/00)  [3,5]
 G06F 9/38
·  ·  ·  Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline, look ahead  [3]
 G06F 9/40
·  ·  Arrangements for executing subprogrammes, i.e. combinations of several instructions  [3]
 G06F 9/44
·  ·  Arrangements for executing specific programmes  [3]
 G06F 9/445
·  ·  ·  Programme loading or initiating  [5]
 G06F 9/45
·  ·  ·  Compilation or interpretation of high level programme languages  [5]
 G06F 9/455
·  ·  ·  Emulation; Software simulation  [5]
 G06F 9/46
·  ·  Multiprogramming arrangements  [3]
P:10 G06F 11/00
Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring (methods or arrangements for verifying the correctness of marking on a record carrier G06K 5/00; in information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer G11B, e.g. G11B 20/18; in static stores G11C 29/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction, in general H03M 13/00)  [4]
 G06F 11/07
·  Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance  [7]
 G06F 11/08
·  ·  Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
 G06F 11/10
·  ·  ·  Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out nines or elevens
 G06F 11/14
·  ·  Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result (G06F 11/16 takes precedence)  [3]
 G06F 11/16
·  ·  Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware  [3]
 G06F 11/18
·  ·  ·  using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits, e.g. by quadding or by majority decision circuits  [3]
 G06F 11/20
·  ·  ·  using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements  [3]
 G06F 11/22
·  Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing (testing of digital circuits, e.g. of separate computer components, G01R 31/28)  [3]
 G06F 11/24
·  ·  Marginal testing  [3]
 G06F 11/25
·  ·  Testing of logic operation, e.g. by logic analysers  [6]
 G06F 11/26
·  ·  Functional testing  [3]
 G06F 11/263
·  ·  ·  Generation of test inputs, e.g. test vectors, patterns or sequences  [6]
 G06F 11/267
·  ·  ·  Reconfiguring circuits for testing, e.g. LSSD, partitioning  [6]
 G06F 11/27
·  ·  ·  Built-in tests  [6]
 G06F 11/273
·  ·  ·  Tester hardware, i.e. output processing circuits  [6]
 G06F 11/28
·  by checking the correct order of processing (G06F 11/07, G06F 11/22 take precedence; monitoring patterns of pulse trains H03K 5/19)  [3]
 G06F 11/30
·  Monitoring  [3]
 G06F 11/32
·  ·  with visual indication of the functioning of the machine  [3]
 G06F 11/34
·  ·  Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation  [3]
 G06F 11/36
·  Preventing errors by testing or debugging of software  [7]
P:70 G06F 12/00
Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures (information storage in general G11)  [4,5]
 G06F 12/02
·  Addressing or allocation; Relocation (programme address sequencing G06F 9/00; arrangements for selecting an address in a digital store G11C 8/00)  [4]
 G06F 12/04
·  ·  Addressing variable-length words or parts of words  [4]
 G06F 12/06
·  ·  Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, address space extension, memory dedication (G06F 12/08 takes precedence)  [4]
 G06F 12/08
·  ·  in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems  [4]
 G06F 12/10
·  ·  ·  Address translation  [4]
 G06F 12/12
·  ·  ·  Replacement control  [4]
 G06F 12/14
·  Protection against unauthorised use of memory  [4]
 G06F 12/16
·  Protection against loss of memory contents  [4]
P:100 G06F 13/00
Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units (interface circuits for specific input/output devices G06F 3/00; multi-processor systems G06F 15/16; transmission of digital information in general H04L; selecting H04Q)  [4]
 G06F 13/10
·  Programme control for peripheral devices (G06F 13/14-G06F 13/42 take precedence)  [4]
 G06F 13/12
·  ·  using hardware independent of the central processor, e.g. channel or peripheral processor  [4]
 G06F 13/14
·  Handling requests for interconnection or transfer  [4]
 G06F 13/16
·  ·  for access to memory bus (G06F 13/20 takes precedence)  [4]
 G06F 13/20
·  ·  for access to input/output bus  [4]
 G06F 13/36
·  ·  for access to common bus or bus system  [4]
 G06F 13/38
·  Information transfer, e.g. on bus (G06F 13/14 takes precedence)  [4]
 G06F 13/40
·  ·  Bus structure  [4]
 G06F 13/42
·  ·  Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation (synchronisation in transmission of digital information in general H04L 7/00)  [4]
P:50 G06F 15/00
Digital computers in general (details G06F 1/00-G06F 13/00); Data processing equipment in general (neural networks for image data processing G06T)
 G06F 15/02
·  manually operated with input through keyboard and computation using a built-in programme, e.g. pocket calculators
 G06F 15/04
·  programmed simultaneously with the introduction of data to be processed, e.g. on the same record carrier
 G06F 15/08
·  using a plugboard for programming  [5]
 G06F 15/16
·  Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a programme unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programmes (interface circuits for specific input/output devices G06F 3/00; multi-programming arrangements G06F 9/46; transmission of digital information in general H04L, e.g. in computer networks H04L 12/00; selecting H04Q)
 G06F 15/18
·  in which a programme is changed according to experience gained by the computer itself during a complete run; Learning machines (adaptive control systems G05B 13/00)
 G06F 15/76
·  Architectures of general purpose stored programme computers (with programme plugboard G06F 15/08; multicomputers G06F 15/16; general purpose image data processing G06T 1/00)  [5,6]
P:30 G06F 17/00
Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions  [6]
 G06F 17/10
·  Complex mathematical operations  [6]
 G06F 17/11
·  ·  for solving equations  [6]
 G06F 17/14
·  ·  Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations  [6]
 G06F 17/15
·  ·  Correlation function computation  [6]
 G06F 17/16
·  ·  Matrix or vector computation  [6]
 G06F 17/17
·  ·  Function evaluation by approximation methods, e.g. inter- or extrapolation, smoothing, least mean square method (interpolation for numerical control G05B 19/18)  [6]
 G06F 17/18
·  ·  for evaluating statistical data  [6]
 G06F 17/20
·  Handling natural language data (speech analysis or synthesis G10L)  [6]
 G06F 17/21
·  ·  Text processing (G06F 17/27, G06F 17/28 take precedence; systems for composing machines B41B 27/00)  [6]
 G06F 17/22
·  ·  ·  Manipulating or registering by use of codes, e.g. in sequence of text characters  [6]
 G06F 17/24
·  ·  ·  Editing, e.g. insert/delete  [6]
 G06F 17/25
·  ·  ·  Automatic justification  [6]
 G06F 17/26
·  ·  ·  Automatic hyphenation  [6]
 G06F 17/27
·  ·  Automatic analysis, e.g. parsing, orthograph correction  [6]
 G06F 17/28
·  ·  Processing or translating of natural language (G06F 17/27 takes precedence)  [6]
 G06F 17/30
·  Information retrieval; Database structures therefor  [6]
 G06F 17/40
·  Data acquisition and logging (for input to computer G06F 3/00)  [6]
 G06F 17/50
·  Computer-aided design (for the design of test circuits for static stores G11C 29/54)  [6,8]
P:40 G06F 19/00
Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (G06F 17/00 takes precedence; data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q)  [6,8]
 G06F 19/00

Note(s)

This group covers:  [6]

  • special constructions of computers to permit or facilitate use in specific applications;  [6]
  • non-structural adaptations of computers to a specific application, e.g. computing methods.  [6]

P:0 G06F 21/00
Security arrangements for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorised activity (multiprogramming G06F 9/46; protection against unauthorised use of memory G06F 12/14; dispensing apparatus actuated by coded identity card or credit card G07F 7/08; equipment anti-theft monitoring by a central station G08B 26/00; secret or secure communication H04L 9/00; data switching networks H04L 12/00)  [8]