In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive
Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At
Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd
Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg
Heavy metals: metals other than light metals
Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens
Metals: elements other than non-metals
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards
Section C covers:
pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C03 and not by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...F27.
There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
Photographic materials and processes, in class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...G03, and, generally, the chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in section D.
In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
"preparation" covers purification, separation, stabilisation or use of additives, unless a separate place is provided therefor. [4]
Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...A01P. [8]
In subclasses Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C-C07K and within each of theses subclasses, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, and with the exception referred to below, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place. For example, 2-butyl-pyridine, which contains an acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring, is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, in subclass Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D. In general, and in the absence of an indication to the contrary (such as groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07C 59/00), the terms "acyclic" and "aliphatic" are used to describe compounds in which there is no ring; and, if a ring were present, the compound would be taken by the "last place" rule to a later group for cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds, if such a group exists. Where a compound or an entire group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system, unless the other form is specifically mentioned earlier in the system.
Chemical compounds and their preparation are classified in the groups for the type of compound prepared. The processes of preparation are also classified in the groups for the types of reaction employed, if of interest. General processes for the preparation of a class of compounds falling into more than one main group are classified in the groups for the processes employed, when such groups exist. The compounds prepared are also classified in the groups for the types of compound prepared, if of interest.
In this class, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, the compounds containing carboxyl or thiocarboxyl groups are classified as the relevant carboxylic or thiocarboxylic acids, unless the "last place rule" (see Note (3), above) dictates otherwise; a carboxyl group being a carbon atom having three bonds, and no more than three, to hetero atoms, other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso groups, with at least one multiple bond to the same hetero atom and a thiocarboxyl group being a carboxyl group having at least one bond to a sulfur atom, e.g. amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids, are classified with the corresponding acids. [5]
In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
"hetero ring" is a ring having at least one halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atom as a ring member; [2]
"bridged" means the presence of at least one fusion other than ortho, peri or spiro; [2]
two rings are "condensed" if they share at least one ring member, i.e. "spiro" and "bridged" are considered as condensed; [2]
"condensed ring system" is a ring system in which all rings are condensed among themselves; [2]
"number of relevant rings" in a condensed ring system equals the number of scissions necessary to convert the ring system into one acyclic chain; [2]
"relevant rings" in a condensed ring system, i.e. the rings which taken together describe all the links between every atom of the ring system, are chosen according to the following criteria consecutively:
In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary:
compounds having only one hetero ring are classified in the last appropriate place in one of the groups Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 203/00-C07D 347/00. The same applies for compounds having more hetero rings covered by the same main group, neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system; [2]
where a compound may exist in tautomeric forms, it is classified as though existing in the form which is classified last in the system. Therefore, double bonds between ring members and non-ring members and double bonds between ring members themselves are considered equivalent in determining the degree of hydrogenation of the ring. Formulae are considered to be written in Kekule form; [2]
hydrocarbon radicals containing a carbocyclic ring and an acyclic chain by which it is linked to the hetero ring and being substituted on both the carbocyclic ring and the acyclic chain by hetero atoms or by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, are classified according to the substituents on the acyclic chain. For example, the compound
Individual components of heterocyclic compounds, such as essential substituents, single hetero rings and single condensed systems, which are considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified according to Note (6). This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of heterocyclic compounds using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members [2]
P:990
C07D 215/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems [2]
P:980
C07D 217/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems [2]
P:970
C07D 219/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems [2]
Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom [2]
C07D 223/00
Note(s)
Hexamethylene imines or 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonanes, having only hydrogen atoms attached to the ring carbon atoms, are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/00. [2]
P:950
C07D 225/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than seven members having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom [2]
C07D 225/00
Note(s)
Polymethyleneimines with at least five ring members and having only hydrogen atoms attached to the ring carbon atoms are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/00. [3]
Polymethyleneimines with at least five ring members and having only hydrogen atoms attached to the ring carbon atoms are classified in group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 295/00. [3]
P:930
C07D 229/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of less than five members having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:920
C07D 231/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings [2]
P:910
C07D 233/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings [2]
P:900
C07D 235/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings [2]
P:890
C07D 237/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings [2]
P:880
C07D 239/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings [2]
P:870
C07D 241/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings [2]
Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 251/00 [2]
Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:630
C07D 293/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and selenium or nitrogen and tellurium, with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as the ring hetero atoms [2]
P:620
C07D 295/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms [2]
C07D 301/00 - C07D 329/00
Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms [2]
P:610
C07D 301/00
Preparation of oxiranes [2]
P:600
C07D 303/00
Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom [2]
P:590
C07D 305/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:580
C07D 307/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom [2]
P:570
C07D 309/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings [2]
P:560
C07D 311/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings [2]
P:550
C07D 313/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom [2]
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom [2]
P:370
C07D 403/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 401/00 [2]
P:340
C07D 405/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [2]
P:350
C07D 407/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 405/00 [2]
P:330
C07D 409/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:320
C07D 411/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:310
C07D 413/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:290
C07D 415/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing the thiamine skeleton [2]
P:300
C07D 417/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 415/00 [2]
P:280
C07D 419/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms [2]
P:270
C07D 421/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms [2]
C07D 451/00 - C07D 519/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing condensed hetero ring systems [2]
Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.02,4] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof [2]
P:210
C07D 453/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids [2]
P:200
C07D 455/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine [2]
P:190
C07D 457/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing indolo [4, 3-f, g] quinoline ring systems, e.g. derivatives of ergoline, of the formula: , e.g. lysergic acid (compounds of the cyclic peptide type derived from ergotamane Fulltext... Hierarchy... Expanded...C07D 519/00) [2]
C07D 457/00
Note(s)
The numbering may be different according to the RING INDEX and given by the formula: . [5]
P:180
C07D 459/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing benz [g] indolo [2, 3-a] quinolizine ring systems, e.g. yohimbine; 16, 18-lactones thereof, e.g. reserpic acid lactone [2]
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula: , e.g. carbacephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring [5]
Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems [2]
P:110
C07D 475/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems [2]
P:100
C07D 477/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula: , e.g. carbapenicillins, thienamycins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring [5]
Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula: [2]
C07D 489/00
Note(s)
The numbering may be different according to the RING INDEX and given by the formula: . [5]
Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula: , e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring [2]
P:30
C07D 501/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula: , e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring [2]
P:20
C07D 503/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-oxa-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula: , e.g. oxapenicillins, clavulanic acid derivatives; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring [6]
P:10
C07D 505/00
Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-oxa-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula: , e.g. oxacephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring [6]
Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms [2]