C
SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
 C

Note(s)

  1. In section C, the definitions of groups of chemical elements are as follows:

    Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

    Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 inclusive

    Rare earths: Sc, Y, Lanthanides

    Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 inclusive

    Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W

    Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

    Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

    Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd

    Noble metals: Ag, Au, Platinum group

    Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg

    Heavy metals: metals other than light metals

    Iron group: Fe, Co, Ni

    Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens

    Metals: elements other than non-metals

    Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30 inclusive, 39 to 48 inclusive, 57 to 80 inclusive, 89 upwards

  2. Section C covers:
    1. pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and their methods of preparation;
    2. applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as: glass, ceramics, fertilisers, plastics compositions, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers certain compositions on account of their having particular properties rendering them suitable for certain purposes, as in the case of explosives, dyestuffs, adhesives, lubricants, and detergents;
    3. certain marginal industries, such as the manufacture of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production and refining of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (e.g., brewing and wine-making), the sugar industry;
    4. certain operations or treatments, which are either purely mechanical, e.g., the mechanical treatment of leather and skins, or partly mechanical, e.g., the treatment of water or the prevention of corrosion in general;
    5. metallurgy, ferrous or non-ferrous alloys.
    1. In the case of operations, treatments, products or articles having both a chemical and a non-chemical part or aspect, the general rule is that the chemical part or aspect is covered by section C.
    2. In some of these cases, the chemical part or aspect brings with it a non-chemical one, even though purely mechanical, because this latter aspect either is essential to the operation or treatment or constitutes an important element thereof. It has seemed, in fact, more logical not to dissociate the different parts or aspects of a coherent whole. This is the case for applied chemistry and for the industries, operations and treatments mentioned in Notes (1)(c), (d) and (e). For example, furnaces peculiar to the manufacture of glass are covered by class C03 and not by class F27.
    3. There are, however, some exceptions in which the mechanical (or non-chemical) aspect carries with it the chemical aspect, for example:
    4. In still other cases, the pure chemical aspect is covered by section C and the applied chemical aspect by another section, such as A, B or F, e.g., the use of a substance or composition for:
    5. When the chemical and mechanical aspects are so closely interlocked that a neat and simple division is not possible, or when certain mechanical processes follow as a natural or logical continuation of a chemical treatment, section C may cover, in addition to the chemical aspect, a part only of the mechanical aspect, e.g., after-treatment of artificial stone, covered by class C04. In this latter case, a note or a reference is usually given to make the position clear, even if sometimes the division is rather arbitrary.
  
CHEMISTRY
 C08
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (manufacture or treatment of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons D01)
 C08

Note(s)

  1. Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory activity of compounds or preparations is further classified in subclass A01P[8]
  2. Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:
    1. liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to
    2. treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
    are further classified in subclass C12S.
 C08L
COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (pesticides, herbicides A01N; pharmaceuticals, cosmetics A61K; explosives C06B; compositions based on polymerisable monomers C08F, C08G; paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09; lubricants C10M; detergents C11D; artificial filaments or fibres D01F; textile treating compositions D06)  [2]
 C08L

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "rubber" includes:
      1. natural or conjugated diene rubbers;
      2. rubber in general (for a specific rubber, other than a natural rubber or a conjugated diene rubber, see the group provided for compositions of such macromolecular compounds). [2]
  2. In this subclass:
    1. compositions are classified according to the mutual proportions by weight of only the macromolecular constituents; [2]
    2. compositions are classified according to the macromolecular constituent or constituents present in the highest proportion; if all these constituents are present in equal proportions the composition is classified according to each of these constituents. [2]
  3. Any macromolecular constituent of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Note (2) above, and the use of which is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in this subclass. For example, a composition containing 80 parts polyethene and 20 parts polyvinyl chloride is classified in both groups C08L 23/00 and C08L 27/00, if the use of polyvinyl chloride is determined to be novel and non-obvious. [8]
  4. Any macromolecular constituent of a composition which is not identified by the classification according to Notes (2) or (3) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in this subclass. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
 C08L
Subclass index
Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives 1/00 - 5/00
Compositions of rubbers or of their derivatives 7/00 - 21/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers 23/00 - 57/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers 59/00 - 87/00
Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof 89/00 - 99/00
Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds 101/00
 C08L 1/00 - 
C08L 5/00
Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives  [2]
P:420 C08L 1/00
Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives  [2]
P:410 C08L 3/00
Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products  [2]
P:430 C08L 5/00
Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in group C08L 1/00 or C08L 3/00  [2]
 C08L 7/00 - 
C08L 21/00
Compositions of rubbers or of their derivatives  [2]
P:10 C08L 7/00
Compositions of natural rubber  [2]
P:100 C08L 9/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons  [2]
P:90 C08L 11/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of chloroprene  [2]
P:20 C08L 13/00
Compositions of rubbers containing carboxyl groups  [2]
P:30 C08L 15/00
Compositions of rubber derivatives (C08L 11/00, C08L 13/00 take precedence)  [4]
P:0 C08L 17/00
Compositions of reclaimed rubber  [2]
P:40 C08L 19/00
Compositions of rubbers not provided for in groups C08L 7/00-C08L 17/00  [2]
P:50 C08L 21/00
Compositions of unspecified rubbers  [2]
 C08L 23/00 - 
C08L 57/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [2]
 C08L 23/00 - 
C08L 49/00

Note(s)

  1. In groups C08L 23/00-C08L 49/00, "aliphatic radical" means an acyclic or a non-aromatic carbocyclic carbon skeleton which is considered to be terminated by every bond to: [8]
    1. an element other than carbon; [8]
    2. a carbon atom having a double bond to one atom other than carbon; [8]
    3. an aromatic carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring. [8]
  2. In groups C08L 23/00-C08L 49/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a copolymer is classified according to the major monomeric component. [8]
P:230 C08L 23/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:220 C08L 25/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (C08L 35/00 takes precedence; styrene copolymers with allyl alcohol C08L 29/00; ABS polymers C08L 55/00)  [2]
P:210 C08L 27/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:200 C08L 29/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (vinyl ether copolymers with compounds described in group C08L 35/00)  [2]
P:190 C08L 31/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid (of hydrolysed polymers C08L 29/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:180 C08L 33/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (ABS polymers C08L 55/00)  [2]
P:170 C08L 35/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:150 C08L 37/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a heterocyclic ring containing oxygen (of cyclic esters of polyfunctional acids C08L 31/00; of cyclic anhydrides of unsaturated acids C08L 35/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:140 C08L 39/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:130 C08L 41/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:120 C08L 43/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (of metal salts, e.g. phenolates, alcoholates, see the parent compounds)  [2]
P:160 C08L 45/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic or in a heterocyclic ring system; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (of cyclic esters of polyfunctional acids C08L 31/00; of cyclic anhydrides or imides C08L 35/00)  [2]
P:110 C08L 47/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (C08L 45/00 takes precedence; of conjugated diene rubbers C08L 9/00-C08L 21/00)  [2]
P:80 C08L 49/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:70 C08L 51/00
Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds (for ABS polymers C08L 55/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:60 C08L 53/00
Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:240 C08L 55/00
Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L 23/00-C08L 53/00  [2]
P:250 C08L 57/00
Compositions of unspecified polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [2]
 C08L 59/00 - 
C08L 87/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds  [2]
P:260 C08L 59/00
Compositions of polyacetals; Compositions of derivatives of polyacetals  [2]
P:270 C08L 61/00
Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones (with polyalcohols C08L 59/00; with polynitriles C08L 77/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:280 C08L 63/00
Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins  [2]
 C08L 65/00 - 
C08L 85/00

Note(s)

In groups C08L 65/00-C08L 85/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming two different linkages in the main chain are classified only according to the linkage present in excess.  [2]

P:290 C08L 65/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain (C08L 7/00-C08L 57/00, C08L 61/00 take precedence); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:300 C08L 67/00
Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain (of polyester-amides C08L 77/00; of polyester-imides C08L 79/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:310 C08L 69/00
Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates  [2]
P:320 C08L 71/00
Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain (of polyacetals C08L 59/00; of epoxy resins C08L 63/00; of polythioether-ethers C08L 81/00; of polyethersulfones C08L 81/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:330 C08L 73/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing oxygen or oxygen and carbon in the main chain, not provided for in groups C08L 59/00-C08L 71/00; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:340 C08L 75/00
Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:350 C08L 77/00
Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain (of polyhydrazides C08L 79/00; of polyamide-imides or polyamide acids C08L 79/00); Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:360 C08L 79/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L 61/00-C08L 77/00  [2]
P:370 C08L 81/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:380 C08L 83/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers (block- or graft-copolymers obtained by polymerising a compound having a carbon-to-carbon double bond onto a polysiloxane C08L 51/00, C08L 53/00)  [2]
P:390 C08L 85/00
Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers  [2]
P:400 C08L 87/00
Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds  [2]
 C08L 89/00 - 
C08L 99/00
Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof (of polysaccharides C08L 1/00-C08L 5/00; of natural rubber C08L 7/00)  [2]
P:440 C08L 89/00
Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof (foodstuff preparations A23J 3/00)  [2]
P:450 C08L 91/00
Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof (polishing compositions, ski waxes C09G; soaps, detergent compositions C11D)  [2]
P:460 C08L 93/00
Compositions of natural resins; Compositions of derivatives thereof (French polish C09F; polishing compositions C09G);     [2]
P:470 C08L 95/00
Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch  [2]
P:480 C08L 97/00
Compositions of lignin-containing materials  [2]
P:490 C08L 99/00
Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08L 89/00-C08L 97/00  [2]
   
P:500 C08L 101/00
Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds  [2]