B
SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  
SEPARATING; MIXING
 B01 - 
B07

Note(s)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme; they must not be read as modifying in any way the elaborations.

  1. In this sub-section, the separation of different materials, e.g. of different matter, size, or state, is predominantly found in the following subclasses:

    B01D

    B03B, B03C, B03D

    B04B, B04C

    B07B, B07C.

  2. The classifying characteristics of these subclasses are:
    1. the physical state of the matter to be separated;
    2. the principle of the process used;
    3. particular kinds of apparatus.
    The first of these characteristics involves six different aspects, assembled in three groups:
    1. liquid/liquid or liquid/gas and gas/gas;
    2. solid/liquid or solid/gas;
    3. solid/solid.
  3. These subclasses are to be used according to the following general rules:

 B01 - 
B07
Subsection index
LIQUID/LIQUID, LIQUID/GAS OR GAS/GAS SEPARATION
Method
General operationsB01D
by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatusB01D
using magnetic or electrostatic effectB03C
Apparatus
General operationsB01D
by centrifugal force, using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatusB04B, B04C
using magnetic or electrostatic effectB03C
SOLID/LIQUID OR SOLID/GAS SEPARATION
Method
General operationsB01D
by centrifugal forceB01D
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatusB01D
using magnetic or electrostatic effectB03C
Apparatus
General operationsB01D
by centrifugal forceB01D
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatusB04B, B04C
using magnetic or electrostatic effectB03C
SOLID/SOLID SEPARATION
Method
Dry methods
material in bulkB07B
Individual sortingB07C
Screening, sifting, pneumatic sortingB07B
using pneumatic tables or jigsB03B
by magnetic or electrostatic effectB03C
by centrifugal forceB07B
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatusB07B
Wet methods
General operationsB03B
flotation, differential sedimentationB03D
screeningB07B
Combinations Dry methods - wet methodsB03B
Apparatus
Dry methods
material in bulkB07B
Individual sortingB07C
Screening, sifting, pneumatic sortingB07B
using pneumatic tables or jigsB03B
by magnetic or electrostatic effectB03C
by centrifugal forceB07B
using centrifuges or free-vortex apparatusB04B, B04C
Wet methods
General operationsB03B
flotation, differential sedimentationB03D
screeningB07B
Combinations Dry methods - wet methodsB03B
 B01
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general F27)
 B01J
CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS (processes or apparatus for specific applications, see the relevant places for these processes or apparatus, e.g. F26B 3/02)  [2]
 B01J

Note(s)

  1. In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "solid particles" includes such particles whether catalysts, reactants or inert in solid, semi-solid or pasty state;  [2]
    • "fluidised particles" means finely divided solid particles lifted and agitated by a stream of fluid;  [2]
    • "fluidised-bed technique" means fluid-solid contacting technique in which finely divided particles are lifted and agitated by a rising stream of fluid, said stream having such a speed as to form a lower dense phase (the "bed") and an upper dilute fluidised phase of "fluidised particles";  [2]
    • "processes conducted in the presence of solid particles" does not include processes wherein the only solid particles present are formed during the reaction.  [3]
  2. In this subclass, tradenames that are often found in scientific and patent literature have been used in order to define precisely the scope of the groups.  [6]
 B01J
Subclass index
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, OR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS 3/00, 4/00, 6/00, 7/00, 8/00, 19/00
CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVING A GAS 8/00, 10/00, 12/00, 15/00
CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVING A LIQUID 8/00, 10/00, 14/00, 16/00
CATALYSTS
containing elements or inorganic compounds 21/00, 23/00, 27/00
Raney type 25/00
Molecular sieves 29/00
containing hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds 31/00
Catalyst carriers in general 32/00
Preparation 33/00 - 37/00
Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general 38/00
SORBENT, FILTER AID COMPOSITIONS 20/00
ION EXCHANGE PROCESSES 39/00 - 49/00
COLLOID CHEMISTRY 13/00
GRANULATION 2/00
P:210 B01J 2/00
Processes or devices for granulating materials, in general (granulating metals B22F 9/00, slag C04B 5/00, ores or scrap C22B 1/14; mechanical aspects of working of plastics or substances in a plastic state to make granules B29B 9/00; processes for granulating fertilisers characterised by their chemical constitution, see the relevant groups in C05B-C05G; chemical aspects of powdering or granulating of macromolecular substances C08J 3/12); Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic  [4]
 B01J 2/02
·  by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops (evaporating by spraying B01D 1/16)
 B01J 2/10
·  in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances
 B01J 2/12
·  in rotating drums
 B01J 2/14
·  in rotating dishes or pans
 B01J 2/16
·  by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
 B01J 2/20
·  by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
 B01J 2/22
·  by pressing in moulds or between rollers
 B01J 2/28
·  using special binding agents
 B01J 2/30
·  using agents to prevent the granules sticking together; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic  [4]
P:190 B01J 3/00
Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor (apparatus for compacting or sintering of metal powders B22F 3/00; pressure vessels in general F16J 12/00; pressure vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquefied or solidified gases F17C; pressure vessels for nuclear reactors G21C)  [2]
 B01J 3/02
·  Feed or outlet devices therefor
 B01J 3/03
·  Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor  [3]
 B01J 3/04
·  Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves  [2]
 B01J 3/06
·  Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds, dies (B01J 3/04 takes precedence; presses in general B30B)  [2]
P:300 B01J 4/00
Feed devices; Feed or outlet regulating devices (feed or outlet devices for pressure vessels B01J 3/02)
 B01J 4/02
·  for feeding measured quantities of reagents
P:180 B01J 6/00
Calcining; Fusing
P:280 B01J 7/00
Apparatus for generating gases (production of inert gas mixtures B01J 19/14; for generating specific gases, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. C01B, C10J)
P:220 B01J 8/00
Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes (processes or devices for granulating material B01J 2/00; furnaces F27B)  [2]
 B01J 8/02
·  with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds  [2]
 B01J 8/04
·  ·  the fluid passing successively through two or more beds  [2]
 B01J 8/08
·  with moving particles (with fluidised particles B01J 8/18)  [2]
 B01J 8/16
·  with particles being subjected to vibrations or pulsations (B01J 8/24 takes precedence)  [2]
 B01J 8/18
·  with fluidised particles  [2]
 B01J 8/20
·  ·  with liquid as a fluidising medium  [2]
 B01J 8/24
·  ·  according to "fluidised-bed" technique (B01J 8/20 takes precedence; combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles F23C 10/00)  [2]
P:240 B01J 10/00
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor (B01J 19/08 takes precedence; separation, e.g. distillation, also combined with chemical reactions B01D)  [3]
P:230 B01J 12/00
Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (B01J 3/06, B01J 8/00, B01J 19/08 take precedence)  [3]
P:200 B01J 13/00
Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons (use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing or foam producing agents B01F 17/00)
 B01J 13/02
·  Making microcapsules or microballoons
 B01J 13/04
·  ·  by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying  [5]
 B01J 13/06
·  ·  by phase separation  [5]
 B01J 13/20
·  ·  After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening  [5]
P:260 B01J 14/00
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with liquids; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (B01J 8/00, B01J 19/08 take precedence)  [3]
P:250 B01J 15/00
Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (B01J 19/08 takes precedence)  [3]
P:270 B01J 16/00
Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor (B01J 19/08 takes precedence)  [3]
P:290 B01J 19/00
Chemical, physical, or physico-chemical processes in general (physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or fibrous goods made from such materials, see the relevant places for such treatment, e.g. D06M 10/00); Their relevant apparatus (packings, fillings or grids specially adapted for biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage C02F 3/10; splashing boards or grids specially adapted for trickle coolers F28F 25/00)  [3]
 B01J 19/02
·  Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties (refractory details of furnaces F27D)  [3]
 B01J 19/06
·  Solidifying liquids (making micro-capsules B01J 13/02)  [3]
 B01J 19/08
·  Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor (application of shock waves B01J 3/06; generating or handling plasma H05H 1/00)  [3]
 B01J 19/10
·  ·  employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations (for auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned B01D 51/00; for cleaning B08B 3/12)  [3]
 B01J 19/12
·  ·  employing electromagnetic waves  [3]
 B01J 19/14
·  Production of inert gas mixtures; Use of inert gases in general (apparatus for generating gases B01J 7/00; separation of gases or vapours B01D 53/00)  [3]
 B01J 19/16
·  Preventing evaporation or oxidation of non-metallic liquids by applying a floating layer, e.g. of micro-balloons  [3]
 B01J 19/18
·  Stationary reactors having moving elements inside (B01J 19/08, B01J 19/26 take precedence)  [3]
 B01J 19/24
·  Stationary reactors without moving elements inside (B01J 19/08, B01J 19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J 8/02)  [3]
 B01J 19/26
·  Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles  [3]
 B01J 19/28
·  Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums (B01J 19/08 takes precedence; centrifuges B04B; rotary drum furnaces F27B 7/00)  [3]
 B01J 19/30
·  Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer  [5]
 B01J 19/32
·  Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer  [5]
 B01J 20/00 - 
B01J 38/00
Solid sorbent compositions; Filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Catalysts  [3]
 B01J 20/00 - 
B01J 38/00

Note(s)

  1. In groups B01J 20/00-B01J 31/00, metal salts having an anion composed of metal and oxygen only, e.g. molybdates, are considered as chemically bound mixtures of the component metal oxides.    [2,5]
  2. Attention is drawn to the definitions of groups of chemical elements following the title of section C.    [2]
  3. In group B01J 20/00 and in each set of groups B01J 21/00-B01J 31/00 and B01J 32/00-B01J 38/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.    [2,5]
  4. Pure compounds or elements, or their recovery from solid sorbent compositions, filter aid compositions, or catalysts, are classified in the appropriate subclass for chemical compounds or elements. However, when it is explicitly stated that the pure compound or element, in a particular form, is especially useful as a solid sorbent, filter aid, or catalyst, it is further classified in group B01J 20/00 or B01J 35/00.    [2]
P:170 B01J 20/00
Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof (use of solid sorbent compositions in liquid separation B01D 15/00; use of filter aid compositions B01D 37/00; use of sorbent compositions in gas separation B01D 53/02, B01D 53/14)  [3,8]
 B01J 20/02
·  comprising inorganic material  [3]
 B01J 20/04
·  ·  comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium  [3]
 B01J 20/06
·  ·  comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J 20/04  [3]
 B01J 20/10
·  ·  comprising silica or silicate  [3]
 B01J 20/20
·  ·  comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes (active carbon C01B 31/00)  [3]
 B01J 20/22
·  comprising organic material  [3]
 B01J 20/28
·  characterised by their form or physical properties  [3]
 B01J 20/281
·  Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography  [8]
 B01J 20/30
·  Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating  [3]
 B01J 21/00 - 
B01J 38/00

Note(s)

  1. In groups B01J 21/00-B01J 38/00, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "catalyst" covers also a carrier forming part of the catalyst. [2,5]
  2. Classification of the:
    • carriers;
    • forms or physical properties;
    • preparation or activation;
    • regeneration or reactivation
    of catalysts according to more than one of main groups B01J 21/00-B01J 31/00 is made in the following general groups:
P:100 B01J 21/00
Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium  [2]
P:110 B01J 23/00
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J 21/00 (B01J 21/00 takes precedence)  [2]
 B01J 23/02
·  of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium  [2]
 B01J 23/04
·  ·  Alkali metals  [2]
 B01J 23/06
·  of zinc, cadmium or mercury  [2]
 B01J 23/08
·  of gallium, indium or thallium  [2]
 B01J 23/10
·  of rare earths  [2]
 B01J 23/12
·  of actinides  [2]
 B01J 23/14
·  of germanium, tin or lead  [2]
 B01J 23/16
·  of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium  [2]
 B01J 23/38
·  of noble metals  [2]
 B01J 23/40
·  ·  of the platinum group metals  [2]
 B01J 23/42
·  ·  ·  Platinum  [2]
 B01J 23/44
·  ·  ·  Palladium  [2]
 B01J 23/46
·  ·  ·  Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium  [2]
 B01J 23/48
·  ·  Silver or gold  [2]
 B01J 23/54
·  ·  combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J 23/02-B01J 23/16  [2]
 B01J 23/70
·  of the iron group metals or copper  [2]
 B01J 23/72
·  ·  Copper  [2]
 B01J 23/74
·  ·  Iron group metals  [2]
 B01J 23/745
·  ·  ·  Iron  [6]
 B01J 23/75
·  ·  ·  Cobalt  [6]
 B01J 23/755
·  ·  ·  Nickel  [6]
 B01J 23/76
·  ·  combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J 23/02-B01J 23/16  [2]
 B01J 23/89
·  ·  combined with noble metals  [3]
 B01J 23/90
·  Regeneration or reactivation  [2]
P:90 B01J 25/00
Catalysts of the Raney type  [2]
P:80 B01J 27/00
Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds  [4]
 B01J 27/00

Note(s)

Metal catalysts or metal oxide catalysts activated or conditioned by halogens, sulfur or phosphorus, or compounds thereof are classified in the appropriate groups for metal catalysts or metal oxide catalysts.  [2,5]

 B01J 27/02
·  Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof  [4]
 B01J 27/04
·  ·  Sulfides  [2]
 B01J 27/053
·  ·  Sulfates  [4]
 B01J 27/057
·  ·  Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof  [4]
 B01J 27/06
·  Halogens; Compounds thereof  [4]
 B01J 27/14
·  Phosphorus; Compounds thereof  [4]
 B01J 27/20
·  Carbon compounds  [2]
 B01J 27/24
·  Nitrogen compounds  [2]
 B01J 27/28
·  Regeneration or reactivation  [2]
P:70 B01J 29/00
Catalysts comprising molecular sieves  [2]
 B01J 29/00

Note(s)

In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:  [6]

  • "zeolites" means:  [6]
    1. crystalline aluminosilicates with base-exchange and molecular sieve properties, having three dimensional, microporous lattice framework structure of tetrahedral oxide units;  [6]
    2. compounds isomorphous to those of the former category, wherein the aluminium or silicon atoms in the framework are partly or wholly replaced by atoms of other elements, e.g. by gallium, germanium, phosphorus or boron.  [6]

P:60 B01J 31/00
Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds (catalyst compositions used only in polymerisation reactions C08)  [2]
 B01J 31/00

Note(s)

In this group, the presence of water is disregarded for classification purposes.  [2]

 B01J 31/02
·  containing organic compounds or metal hydrides  [2]
 B01J 31/04
·  ·  containing carboxylic acids or their salts  [2]
 B01J 31/06
·  ·  containing polymers  [2]
 B01J 31/12
·  ·  containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides  [2]
 B01J 31/16
·  containing coordination complexes  [2]
 B01J 31/26
·  containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J 31/02-B01J 31/16  [2]
 B01J 31/40
·  Regeneration or reactivation  [2]
 B01J 32/00 - 
B01J 38/00

Note(s)

  1. When classifying in groups B01J 32/00-B01J 38/00, any part of a catalyst that is not identified by this classification, and which itself is determined to be novel and non-obvious, must also be classified in groups B01J 21/00-B01J 31/00. Such a part of a catalyst can be either a single substance or a composition in itself. [6,8]
  2. Any part of a catalyst which is not identified by the classification according to Note (1) above, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified. This can, for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of catalysts using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". [8]
P:160 B01J 32/00
Catalyst carriers in general  [4]
P:150 B01J 33/00
Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating  [2]
P:140 B01J 35/00
Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties  [2]
P:130 B01J 37/00
Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts (protecting by coating B01J 33/00)  [4]
P:120 B01J 38/00
Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general  [4]
 B01J 39/00 - 
B01J 49/00
Ion-exchange (treatment of milk A23C 9/00; separation by ion-exchangers B01D, e.g. separation of liquids by ion-exchange adsorbents B01D 15/04, chromatography involving ion-exchange B01D 15/26; separation of isotopes B01D 59/00; compounds per se, see the relevant classes, e.g. C01, C07, C08; treatment of water C02F 1/42; refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents C10G 25/00; purification of sugar juices C13D 3/00; extraction of sugar from molasses C13J 1/00; extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes C22B 3/00; using ion-exchange for investigating or analysing materials G01N 30/00; treating radioactively contaminated material G21F 9/12)  [3]
 B01J 39/00 - 
B01J 49/00

Note(s)

  1. In groups B01J 39/00-B01J 49/00:
    • ion-exchange covers all processes whereby ions are exchanged between the solid exchanger and the liquid to be treated and wherein the exchanger is not soluble in the liquid to be treated; [3]
    • ion-exchange processes cover also ion-exchange in combination with complex or chelate forming reactions. [3]
  2. In groups B01J 39/00-B01J 49/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [3]
P:50 B01J 39/00
Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties (ion-exchange chromatography processes B01D 15/26)  [3,8]
 B01J 39/26
·  Cation exchangers for chromatographic processes  [8]
P:40 B01J 41/00
Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties (ion-exchange chromatography processes B01D 15/26)  [3,8]
 B01J 41/20
·  Anion exchangers for chromatographic processes  [8]
P:30 B01J 43/00
Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groups; Use of material as amphoteric ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties (ion-exchange chromatography processes B01D 15/26)  [3,8]
P:20 B01J 45/00
Ion-exchange in which a complex or a chelate is formed; Use of material as complex or chelate forming ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the complex or chelate forming ion-exchange properties (ion-exchange chromatography processes B01D 15/26)  [3,8]
P:10 B01J 47/00
Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor (ion-exchange chromatography processes or apparatus B01D 15/08)  [3,8]
P:0 B01J 49/00
Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor (ion-exchange chromatography processes or apparatus B01D 15/08)  [3,8]