F
SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  
ENGINES OR PUMPS
 F01 - 
F04

Note(s)

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)

The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

  1. In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.
  2. In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;
    • "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. Thus, this term includes fans or blowers;
    • "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;
    • "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa;
    • "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa;
    • "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;
    • "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear;
    • "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;
    • "movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;
    • "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;
    • "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;
    • "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;
    • "cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;
    • "main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;
    • "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;
    • "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump and the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid may be in a gaseous state, i.e., compressible, or liquid. In the former case coexistence of two states is possible;
    • "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;
    • "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".
  3. In this subsection:
  4. For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:
    • the principle which resides in their elaboration,
    • the classifying characteristics which they call for, and
    • their complementarity.
      1. Principle

        This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here.

        Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass.

        Subclasses F01B, F03B, F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned.

        This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses.

        Thus, subclass F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses F04B, F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass F03C.

      2. Characteristics
        1. The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible:

          Machines; engines; pumps.

        2. As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera. These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus:

          Positive displacement; non-positive displacement.

        3. The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus:

          Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind.

        4. Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely:

          Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid.

      3. Complementarity

        This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid.

        The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the subsection index below.

It is seen from this index that:

 F01 - 
F04
Subsection index
MACHINES
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating piston
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01C
liquid onlyF04C
reciprocating piston or other
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01B
liquid onlyF04B
non-positive displacement
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01D
liquid onlyF03B
ENGINES
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating piston
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01C
liquid onlyF03C
reciprocating piston or other
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01B
liquid onlyF03C
non-positive displacement
liquid and elastic fluid or elastic fluidF01D
liquid onlyF03B
PUMPS
positive displacement
rotary or oscillating pistonF04C
reciprocating piston or otherF04B
non-positive displacementF04D
 F01
MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines F02; machines for liquids F03, F04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
 F01C
ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES (internal-combustion aspects F02B 53/00, F02B 55/00)
 F01C

Note(s)

  1. This subclass covers:
    • rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam;
    • rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for liquids and elastic fluids;
    • rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for elastic fluids;
    • rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for liquids and elastic fluids.
  2. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "rotary-piston machine" includes the German expressions "Drehkolbenmaschinen", "Kreiskolbenmaschinen", and "Umlaufkolbenmaschinen".
  3. Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "rotary-piston machine", "oscillating-piston machine", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents" and "internal-axis".
 F01C
Subclass index
MACHINES OR ENGINES
With rotary pistons 1/00 - 7/00
With oscillating pistons 9/00
Control; monitoring; safety arrangements 20/00
COMBINATIONS OR ADAPTATIONS OF MACHINES OR ENGINES 11/00, 13/00
DRIVE OF CO-OPERATING MEMBERS; SEALING ARRANGEMENTS 17/00; 19/00
OTHER DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES 21/00
P:70 F01C 1/00
Rotary-piston machines or engines (with axes of co-operating members non-parallel F01C 3/00; with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable F01C 5/00; with fluid ring or the like F01C 7/00; rotary-piston machines or engines in which the working fluid is exclusively displaced by, or exclusively displaces, one or more reciprocating pistons F01B 13/00)
 F01C 1/02 - 
F01C 1/24

Note(s)

Group F01C 1/30 takes precedence over groups F01C 1/02-F01C 1/24.

 F01C 1/02
·  of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
 F01C 1/04
·  ·  of internal-axis type
 F01C 1/06
·  ·  of other than internal-axis type (F01C 1/063 takes precedence)
 F01C 1/063
·  ·  with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them  [3]
 F01C 1/067
·  ·  ·  having cam-and-follower type drive  [3]
 F01C 1/07
·  ·  ·  having crankshaft-and-connecting-rod type drive  [3]
 F01C 1/073
·  ·  ·  having pawl-and-ratchet type drive  [3]
 F01C 1/077
·  ·  ·  having toothed-gearing type drive  [3]
 F01C 1/08
·  of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
 F01C 1/10
·  ·  of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
 F01C 1/107
·  ·  ·  with helical teeth  [3]
 F01C 1/113
·  ·  ·  the inner member carrying rollers intermeshing with the outer member  [3]
 F01C 1/12
·  ·  of other than internal-axis type
 F01C 1/14
·  ·  ·  with toothed rotary pistons
 F01C 1/16
·  ·  ·  ·  with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
 F01C 1/18
·  ·  ·  ·  with similar tooth forms (F01C 1/16 takes precedence)
 F01C 1/20
·  ·  ·  ·  with dissimilar tooth forms (F01C 1/16 takes precedence)
 F01C 1/22
·  of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member
 F01C 1/24
·  of counter-engagement type, i.e. the movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement being in opposite directions
 F01C 1/26
·  ·  of internal-axis type
 F01C 1/28
·  ·  of other than internal-axis type
 F01C 1/30
·  having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F01C 1/02, F01C 1/08, F01C 1/22, F01C 1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
 F01C 1/32
·  ·  having both the movement defined in group F01C 1/02 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
 F01C 1/324
·  ·  ·  with vanes hinged to the inner member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member  [3]
 F01C 1/328
·  ·  ·  ·  and hinged to the outer member  [3]
 F01C 1/332
·  ·  ·  with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the inner member  [3]
 F01C 1/336
·  ·  ·  ·  and hinged to the inner member  [3]
 F01C 1/34
·  ·  having the movement defined in group F01C 1/08 or F01C 1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
 F01C 1/344
·  ·  ·  with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member  [3]
 F01C 1/348
·  ·  ·  ·  the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member  [3]
 F01C 1/352
·  ·  ·  ·  the vanes being pivoted on the axis of the outer member  [3]
 F01C 1/356
·  ·  ·  with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member  [3]
 F01C 1/36
·  ·  having both the movements defined in groups F01C 1/22 and F01C 1/24
 F01C 1/38
·  ·  having the movement defined in group F01C 1/02 and having a hinged member (F01C 1/32 takes precedence)  [3]
 F01C 1/39
·  ·  ·  with vanes hinged to the inner as well as to the outer member  [3]
 F01C 1/40
·  ·  having the movement defined in group F01C 1/08 or F01C 1/22 and having a hinged member
 F01C 1/44
·  ·  ·  with vanes hinged to the inner member  [3]
 F01C 1/46
·  ·  ·  with vanes hinged to the outer member  [3]
P:40 F01C 3/00
Rotary-piston machines or engines with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members (with the working-chamber walls being at least partly resiliently deformable F01C 5/00)
 F01C 3/02
·  the axes being arranged at an angle of 90°
 F01C 3/04
·  ·  with axially-sliding vanes
 F01C 3/06
·  the axes being arranged otherwise than at an angle of 90°
 F01C 3/08
·  ·  of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
P:50 F01C 5/00
Rotary-piston machines or engines with the working-chamber walls at least partly resiliently deformable
 F01C 5/02
·  the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the inner member, e.g. of a rotary piston
 F01C 5/04
·  the resiliently-deformable wall being part of the outer member, e.g. of a housing
 F01C 5/06
·  the resiliently-deformable wall being a separate member
 F01C 5/08
·  ·  of tubular form, e.g. hose
P:60 F01C 7/00
Rotary-piston machines or engines with fluid ring or the like
P:30 F01C 9/00
Oscillating-piston machines or engines
P:20 F01C 11/00
Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type (F01C 13/00 takes precedence; combinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H)
P:10 F01C 13/00
Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for these devices)
 F01C 13/02
·  for driving hand-held tools or the like
 F01C 13/04
·  for driving pumps or compressors
P:80 F01C 17/00
Arrangements for drive of co-operating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing
 F01C 17/02
·  of toothed-gearing type (F01C 1/077 takes precedence)  [3]
 F01C 17/04
·  of cam-and-follower type (F01C 1/067 takes precedence)  [3]
 F01C 17/06
·  using cranks, universal joints, or similar elements (F01C 1/07 takes precedence)  [3]
P:90 F01C 19/00
Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines (sealings in general F16J)
 F01C 19/02
·  Radially-movable sealings for working fluids
 F01C 19/04
·  ·  of rigid material
 F01C 19/06
·  ·  of resilient material
 F01C 19/08
·  Axially-movable sealings for working fluids
 F01C 19/10
·  Sealings for working fluids between radially and axially movable parts
 F01C 19/12
·  for other than working fluid
P:0 F01C 20/00
Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines  [8]
 F01C 20/02
·  specially adapted for several machines or engines connected in series or in parallel  [8]
 F01C 20/04
·  specially adapted for reversible machines or engines  [8]
 F01C 20/06
·  specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation  [8]
 F01C 20/08
·  characterised by varying the rotational speed  [8]
 F01C 20/10
·  characterised by changing the positions of the inlet or outlet openings with respect to the working chamber  [8]
 F01C 20/12
·  ·  using sliding valves  [8]
 F01C 20/14
·  ·  using rotating valves  [8]
 F01C 20/16
·  ·  using lift valves  [8]
 F01C 20/18
·  characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber (by changing the positions of inlet or outlet openings F01C 20/10)  [8]
 F01C 20/20
·  ·  by changing the form of the inner or outer contour of the working chamber  [8]
 F01C 20/22
·  ·  by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members  [8]
 F01C 20/24
·  characterised by using valves regulating pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves (F01C 20/10 takes precedence)  [8]
 F01C 20/26
·  ·  using bypass channels  [8]
 F01C 20/28
·  Safety arrangements; Monitoring  [8]
P:100 F01C 21/00
Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in groups F01C 1/00-F01C 20/00
 F01C 21/02
·  Arrangements of bearings (bearing constructions F16C)
 F01C 21/04
·  Lubrication (of machines or engines in general F01M)
 F01C 21/06
·  Heating; Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heat insulation (heat insulation in general F16L)
 F01C 21/08
·  Rotary pistons (reciprocating pistons in general F16J)
 F01C 21/10
·  Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings (casings for rotary engines or machines in general F16M)
 F01C 21/12
( transferred to F01C 20/00, F01C 21/18 )
 F01C 21/14
( transferred to F01C 20/00 )
 F01C 21/16
( transferred to F01C 20/00 )
 F01C 21/18
·  Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet  [8]