<titlePart> <text>SECTION F <emdash/> MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>WEAPONS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>BLASTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>LIGHTING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>HEATING</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>FURNACES</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>KILNS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>OVENS</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>RETORTS</text> <entryReference>specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned in that class, <u>see</u> the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens <sref ref="A21B"/>, glass melting furnaces <sref ref="C03B"/>, coke or gas-making<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">apparatus</GREF><sref ref="C10B"/>, <sref ref="C10J"/>,<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">apparatus</GREF> for cracking hydrocarbons<sref ref="C10G"/>, blast furnaces <sref ref="C21B"/>, converters for making steel <sref ref="C21C"/>, furnaces for heat<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="TREATMENT">treatment</GREF> of metal<sref ref="C21D"/></entryReference> <entryReference>furnaces for electroslag or arc remelting of metals <sref ref="C22B0009000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>enamelling ovens <sref ref="C23D"/></entryReference> <entryReference>combustion<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">apparatus</GREF><sref ref="F23"/></entryReference> <entryReference>electric heating <sref ref="H05B"/></entryReference> </titlePart> This class covers: furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sinteringapparatus and other similarapparatus for heattreatment ofmaterials or articles, and details or accessories therefor, in general; thearrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces. This class does not cover: combustionapparatusper se, i.e.apparatus for direct combination of oxygen gas and a burnable substance; electrical heating elements per se; processes carried on within the furnaces. In this class, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "furnaces" covers kilns, ovens, or retorts. <titlePart> <text>DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE</text> <entryReference>combustion<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">apparatus</GREF><sref ref="F23"/></entryReference> </titlePart> Attention is drawn to the references and Notes following the title of class and Note(3) of section H. <titlePart> <text>Casings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Linings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Walls</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roofs</text> <entryReference>refractory<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">materials</GREF><sref ref="C04B"/></entryReference> <entryReference>firebridges for combustion chambers <sref ref="F23M0003000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Crowns</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Roofs</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>characterised by the form of the bricks or blocks used</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Composite bricks or blocks</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Bricks or blocks with internal reinforcement or metal backing</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Monolithic linings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Supports therefor</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>incorporating cooling arrangements</text> <entryReference>constructions of tube assemblies in general <sref ref="F28"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Supports for linings</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F27D0001100000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Making or repairing linings</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Door frames</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Doors, lids, removable covers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Charging</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Discharging</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Manipulation of charge</text> <entryReference>conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for <sref ref="B65G0049000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>moving charge through a furnace <sref ref="F27B0009140000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Skids or tracks for heavy objects</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Ram or pusher<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">apparatus</GREF></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Charging or discharging machines on travelling carriages</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Screw feeders</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Screw dischargers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Charging directly from hoppers or shoots</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Charging or discharging liquid or molten<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Tapping equipment</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Equipment for removing slag</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F27D0003180000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Charging particulate<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF> using a fluid carrier</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace</text> <entryReference>travelling or movable supports <sref ref="F27D0003120000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F27D0007020000"/> takes precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein</text> <entryReference><sref ref="F27D0001000000"/>, <sref ref="F27D0003000000"/> take precedence</entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="ARRANGEMENT_OF">Arrangement of</GREF> elements for electric heating in or on furnaces</text> <entryReference>electric heating <u>per se</u><sref ref="H05B"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Ohmic resistance heating</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with direct passage of current through the<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF> being heated</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Induction heating, i.e. in which the<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF> being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Disposition of electrodes</text> <entryReference>automatic control of temperature <sref ref="G05D0023000000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>electric discharge<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">apparatus</GREF><sref ref="H01T"/></entryReference> <entryReference><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="ARRANGEMENTS_FOR">arrangements for</GREF> feeding or guiding electrodes<sref ref="H05B0007100000"/></entryReference> <entryReference>automatic control of power by positioning of electrodes <sref ref="H05B0007144000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF> being heated</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="APPARATU">Apparatus</GREF> for preheating charges</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="ARRANGEMENTS_FOR">Arrangements for</GREF> preheating charges</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="HANDLING">Handling</GREF> or treating discharged<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF></text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Supports or receiving chambers therefor</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Cooling</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangement for using waste heat</text> <entryReference>heat-exchangers <u>per se</u><sref ref="F28"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases</text> <entryReference>removing fumes in general <sref ref="B08B0015000000"/></entryReference> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="ARRANGEMENT_OF">Arrangement of</GREF> controlling devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="ARRANGEMENT_OF">Arrangement of</GREF> monitoring devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements of safety devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Observation or illuminating devices</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Arrangements of indicators or alarms</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Details or accessories not covered by any other group of this subclass</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Devices for removing incrustations</text> </titlePart> <titlePart> <text>Stirring devices for molten<NBSP/><GREF GLOBAL="" REFID="MATERIAL">material</GREF></text> <entryReference>mixing in general <sref ref="B01F"/></entryReference> </titlePart>