| IPC 7 English version |
| C22-C22B01310 |
C22B 15/00 - C22B 61/00  |
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| SECTION C – CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY |
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| C 22 | METALLURGY (of iron C21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS (general methods or devices for heat treatment of ferrous or non-ferrous metals or alloys C21D; production of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25) |
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| C 22 B | PRODUCTION OR REFINING OF METALS (making metallic powder or suspensions thereof B22F 9/00; electrolytic C25); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS |
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| Notes |
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| (1) | In this subclass, groups for obtaining metals include obtaining the metals by non-metallurgical processes, and obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes. Thus, for example, group C22B 11/00 covers the production of silver by reduction of ammoniacal silver oxide in solution, and group C22B 17/00 covers the production of cadmium oxide by a metallurgical process. Furthermore, although compounds of arsenic and antimony are classified in C01G, production of the elements themselves is covered by C22B, as well as the production of their compounds by metallurgical processes. |
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| (2) | Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: |
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| (i) | liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to |
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| (ii) | treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials |
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| are further classified in subclass C12S. [5] |
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| Subclass Index |
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| PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS |
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| PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING METALS |
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| REFINING OR REMELTING METALS |
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| OBTAINING SPECIFIC METALS |
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1/ | 00 | Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap (furnaces, sintering apparatus F27B) |
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1/ | 02 | . | Roasting processes (C22B 1/16 takes precedence) |
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1/ | 04 | . | . | Blast roasting |
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1/ | 06 | . | . | Sulfating roasting |
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1/ | 08 | . | . | Chloridising roasting |
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1/ | 10 | . | . | in fluidised form |
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1/ | 11 | . | Removing sulfur, phosphorus or arsenic, other than by roasting [2] |
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1/ | 14 | . | Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating |
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1/ | 16 | . | . | Sintering; Agglomerating |
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1/ | 18 | . | . | . | in sinter pots |
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1/ | 20 | . | . | . | in sintering machines with movable grates |
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1/ | 212 | . | . | . | in tunnel furnaces [2] |
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1/ | 214 | . | . | . | in shaft furnaces [2] |
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1/ | 216 | . | . | . | in rotary furnaces [2] |
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1/ | 22 | . | . | . | in other sintering apparatus |
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1/ | 24 | . | . | Binding; Briquetting |
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1/ | 242 | . | . | . | with binders [2] |
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1/ | 243 | . | . | . | . | inorganic [2] |
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1/ | 244 | . | . | . | . | organic [2] |
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1/ | 245 | . | . | . | . | . | with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates [2] |
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1/ | 248 | . | . | . | of metal scrap or alloys [2] |
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1/ | 26 | . | Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores |
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3/ | 00 | Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes [5] |
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| Notes |
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| (1) | In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to the metals obtained. The indexing codes, which are chosen from the main groups (only) of groups C22B 11/00 to C22B 25/00, from group C22B 19/34 or from any of the groups C22B 26/00 to C22B 61/00, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be unlinked. [5] |
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| (2) | Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [6] |
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3/ | 02 | . | Apparatus therefor |
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3/ | 04 | . | by leaching (C22B 3/18 takes precedence) [5] |
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3/ | 06 | . | . | in inorganic acid solutions [5] |
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3/ | 08 | . | . | . | Sulfuric acid [5] |
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3/ | 10 | . | . | . | Hydrochloric acid [5] |
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3/ | 12 | . | . | in inorganic alkaline solutions [5] |
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3/ | 14 | . | . | . | containing ammonia or ammonium salts [5] |
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3/ | 16 | . | . | in organic solutions [5] |
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3/ | 18 | . | with the aid of micro-organisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae [5] |
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3/ | 20 | . | Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 3/18 takes precedence) [5] |
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3/ | 22 | . | . | by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means (C22B 3/26 takes precedence) [5] |
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3/ | 24 | . | . | . | by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins [5] |
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3/ | 26 | . | . | by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds [5] |
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| Note |
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| In groups C22B 3/28 to C22B 3/40 : |
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| (a) | in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compounds are classified in the last appropriate place; |
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| (b) | when two or more compounds are used successively, each compound is classified as such; |
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| (c) | mixtures containing two or more compounds covered individually by the same one of groups C22B 3/28 to C22B 3/38, are classified only in that group. [5] |
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3/ | 28 | . | . | . | Amines [5] |
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3/ | 30 | . | . | . | Oximes [5] |
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3/ | 32 | . | . | . | Carboxylic acids [5] |
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3/ | 34 | . | . | . | containing sulfur [5] |
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3/ | 36 | . | . | . | Heterocyclic compounds (C22B 3/34 takes precedence) [5] |
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3/ | 38 | . | . | . | containing phosphorus [5] |
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3/ | 40 | . | . | . | Mixtures [5] |
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3/ | 42 | . | . | by ion-exchange extraction [5] |
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3/ | 44 | . | . | by chemical processes (C22B 3/26, C22B 3/42 take precedence) [5] |
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3/ | 46 | . | . | . | by substitution, e.g. by cementation [5] |
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4/ | 00 | Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys (general methods of refining or remelting metals C22B 9/00; obtaining iron or steel C21B, C21C) [2] |
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4/ | 02 | . | Light metals [2] |
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4/ | 04 | . | Heavy metals [2] |
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4/ | 06 | . | Alloys [2] |
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4/ | 08 | . | Apparatus (electric heating elements H05B) [2] |
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5/ | 00 | General processes of reducing to metals |
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5/ | 02 | . | Dry processes |
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5/ | 04 | . | . | by aluminium, other metals, or silicon |
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5/ | 06 | . | . | by carbides or the like |
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5/ | 08 | . | . | by sulfides; Roasting reaction processes |
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5/ | 10 | . | . | by solid carbonaceous reducing agents |
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5/ | 12 | . | . | by gases |
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5/ | 14 | . | . | . | fluidised material |
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5/ | 16 | . | . | with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced |
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5/ | 18 | . | . | Reducing step-by-step |
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5/ | 20 | . | . | from metal carbonyls |
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7/ | 00 | Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof |
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7/ | 02 | . | Working-up flue dust |
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7/ | 04 | . | Working-up slag |
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9/ | 00 | General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals |
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9/ | 02 | . | Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling or supersonic wave action |
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9/ | 04 | . | Refining by applying a vacuum [3] |
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9/ | 05 | . | Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing [3] |
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9/ | 10 | . | with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor (C22B 9/18 takes precedence) [3] |
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9/ | 14 | . | Refining in the solid state |
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9/ | 16 | . | Remelting metals (liquating C22B 9/02) [3] |
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9/ | 18 | . | . | Electroslag remelting [3] |
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9/ | 187 | . | . | . | Apparatus therefor, e.g. furnaces [5] |
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9/ | 193 | . | . | . | . | Moulds, bottom plates or starter plates [5] |
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9/ | 20 | . | . | Arc remelting [3] |
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9/ | 21 | . | . | . | Apparatus therefor [5] |
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9/ | 22 | . | . | with heating by wave energy or particle radiation [3] |
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11/ | 00 | Obtaining noble metals |
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11/ | 02 | . | by dry processes |
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11/ | 06 | . | Chloridising |
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11/ | 08 | . | by cyaniding |
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11/ | 10 | . | by amalgamating |
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11/ | 12 | . | . | Apparatus therefor |
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13/ | 00 | Obtaining lead |
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13/ | 02 | . | by dry processes |
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13/ | 06 | . | Refining |
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13/ | 08 | . | . | Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. by Parkes process |
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13/ | 10 | . | . | Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process |
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 | C22B 15/00 - C22B 61/00 |
