| IPC 7 English version |
| C10G-C10G02130 |
C10G 25/00 - C10G 45/72  |
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| SECTION C – CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY |
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| C 10 | PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT |
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| C 10 G | CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES (inhibiting corrosion or incrustation in general C23F) [6] |
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| Notes |
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| (1) | In this subclass: |
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| – | groups C10G 9/00 to C10G 49/00 are limited to one-step processes; [3] |
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| – | combined or multi-step processes are covered by groups C10G 51/00 to C10G 69/00; [3] |
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| – | refining or recovery of mineral waxes is covered by group C10G 73/00. [3] |
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| (2) | In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: |
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| – | "in the presence of hydrogen" or "in the absence of hydrogen" mean treatments in which hydrogen, in free form or as hydrogen generating compounds, is added, or not added, respectively; [3] |
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| – | "hydrotreatment" is used for conversion processes as defined in group C10G 45/00 or group C10G 47/00; [3] |
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| – | "hydrocarbon oils" covers mixtures of hydrocarbons such as tar oils or mineral oils. [3] |
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| (3) | In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [3] |
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| (4) | Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to: |
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| (i) | liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to |
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| (ii) | treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials |
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| are further classified in subclass C12S. [5] |
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| Subclass Index |
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| PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES |
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| DISTILLATION OF HYDROCARBON OILS |
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| CRACKING |
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| REFINING HYDROCARBON OILS |
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| by treatment with acids, with alkalis |
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| by extraction with solvents or adsorptive solids |
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| by reaction with hydrogen, by oxidation or by other chemical reaction |
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| Other processes |
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| REFORMING |
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| MULTI-STEP PROCESSES |
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| OTHER PROCESSES |
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| TREATING MINERAL WAXES |
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| INHIBITING CORROSION |
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1/ | 00 | Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal (mechanical winning of oil from oil-shales, oil-sand, or the like B03B) |
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1/ | 02 | . | by distillation (destructive distillation of oil-shale C10B 53/06) |
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1/ | 04 | . | by extraction |
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1/ | 06 | . | by destructive hydrogenation |
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1/ | 08 | . | . | with moving catalysts |
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1/ | 10 | . | from rubber or rubber waste |
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2/ | 00 | Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon [5] |
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3/ | 00 | Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids (production from non-melting solid oxygen-containing carbonaceous materials C10G 1/00; preparation of individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C) |
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5/ | 00 | Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas |
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5/ | 02 | . | with solid adsorbents |
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5/ | 04 | . | with liquid absorbents |
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5/ | 06 | . | by cooling or compressing |
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7/ | 00 | Distillation of hydrocarbon oils (distillation in general B01D) |
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7/ | 02 | . | Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning |
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7/ | 04 | . | De-watering |
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7/ | 06 | . | Vacuum distillation [3] |
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7/ | 08 | . | Azeotropic or extractive distillation (refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents C10G 21/00) [3] |
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7/ | 10 | . | Inhibiting corrosion during distillation [3] |
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7/ | 12 | . | Controlling or regulating (controlling or regulating in general G05) [3] |
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| Cracking in the absence of hydrogen |
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9/ | 00 | Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils |
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9/ | 02 | . | in retorts |
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9/ | 04 | . | . | Retorts |
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9/ | 06 | . | by pressure distillation |
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9/ | 08 | . | . | Apparatus therefor |
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9/ | 12 | . | . | . | Removing incrustation |
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9/ | 14 | . | in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means |
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9/ | 16 | . | . | Preventing or removing incrustation |
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9/ | 18 | . | . | Apparatus |
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9/ | 20 | . | . | . | Tube furnaces |
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9/ | 24 | . | by heating with electrical means |
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9/ | 26 | . | with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run |
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9/ | 28 | . | with preheated moving solid material |
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9/ | 30 | . | . | according to the "moving bed" technique |
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9/ | 32 | . | . | according to the "fluidised bed" technique |
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9/ | 34 | . | by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts |
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9/ | 36 | . | . | with heated gases or vapours |
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9/ | 38 | . | . | . | produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon [2] |
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9/ | 40 | . | by indirect contact with preheated fluid other than hot combustion gases |
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9/ | 42 | . | by passing the material to be cracked in thin streams or as spray on or near continuously heated surfaces |
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11/ | 00 | Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils (cracking in direct contact with molten metals or salts C10G 9/34) |
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11/ | 02 | . | characterised by the catalyst used |
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11/ | 04 | . | . | Oxides |
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11/ | 05 | . | . | . | Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves [3] |
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11/ | 06 | . | . | Sulfides |
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11/ | 08 | . | . | Halides |
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11/ | 10 | . | with stationary catalyst bed |
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11/ | 12 | . | with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid catalysts, e.g. blast and run |
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11/ | 14 | . | with preheated moving solid catalysts |
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11/ | 16 | . | . | according to the "moving bed" technique |
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11/ | 18 | . | . | according to the "fluidised bed" technique |
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11/ | 20 | . | by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours |
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11/ | 22 | . | . | produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked |
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15/ | 00 | Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs |
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15/ | 08 | . | by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations [3] |
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15/ | 10 | . | by particle radiation [3] |
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15/ | 12 | . | with gases superheated in an electric arc, e.g. plasma [3] |
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| Refining in the absence of hydrogen |
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17/ | 00 | Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge |
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17/ | 02 | . | with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge |
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17/ | 04 | . | . | Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases |
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17/ | 06 | . | . | . | using acids derived from sulfur or acid sludge thereof |
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17/ | 07 | . | . | . | using halogen acids or oxyacids of halogen (acids generating halogen C10G 27/02) [3] |
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17/ | 08 | . | with acid-forming oxides (refining with CO2 or SO2 as a selective solvent C10G 21/06) |
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17/ | 085 | . | . | with oleum [3] |
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17/ | 09 | . | with acid salts [3] |
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17/ | 095 | . | with "solid acids", e.g. phosphoric acid deposited on a carrier [3] |
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17/ | 10 | . | Recovery of used refining agent |
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19/ | 00 | Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment |
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19/ | 02 | . | with aqueous alkaline solutions |
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19/ | 04 | . | . | containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers |
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19/ | 06 | . | . | with plumbites or plumbates |
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19/ | 067 | . | with molten alkaline material [3] |
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19/ | 073 | . | with solid alkaline material [3] |
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19/ | 08 | . | Recovery of used refining agent |
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21/ | 00 | Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents (C10G 17/00, C10G 19/00 take precedence; de-waxing oils C10G 73/02) |
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21/ | 02 | . | with two or more solvents, which are introduced or withdrawn separately |
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21/ | 04 | . | . | by introducing simultaneously at least two immiscible solvents counter-current to each other |
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21/ | 06 | . | characterised by the solvent used |
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21/ | 08 | . | . | Inorganic compounds only |
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21/ | 10 | . | . | . | Sulfur dioxide |
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21/ | 12 | . | . | Organic compounds only |
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21/ | 14 | . | . | . | Hydrocarbons |
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21/ | 16 | . | . | . | Oxygen-containing compounds |
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21/ | 18 | . | . | . | Halogen-containing compounds |
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21/ | 20 | . | . | . | Nitrogen-containing compounds |
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21/ | 22 | . | . | . | Compounds containing sulfur, selenium, or tellurium |
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21/ | 24 | . | . | . | Phosphorus-containing compounds |
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21/ | 26 | . | . | . | Silicon-containing compounds |
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21/ | 27 | . | . | . | Organic compounds not provided for in a single one of groups C10G 21/14 to C10G 21/26 [3] |
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21/ | 28 | . | Recovery of used solvent |
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21/ | 30 | . | Controlling or regulating (controlling or regulating in general G05) [3] |
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 | C10G 25/00 - C10G 45/72 |
