IPC 6 English version C22B !A-C22B 13/10

C22-C22B01310

SECTION C– CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C 22

METALLURGY (of iron C 21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS (general methods or devices for heat treatment of ferrous or non-ferrous metals or alloys C 21 D; production of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C 25)

C 22 B

PRODUCTION OR REFINING OF METALS (making metallic powder or suspensions thereof B 22 F 9/00; electrolytic C 25); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

Notes

(1)

In this subclass, groups for obtaining metals include obtaining the metals by non-metallurgical processes, and obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes. Thus, for example, group C 22 B 11/00 covers the production of silver by reduction of ammoniacal silver oxide in solution, and group C 22 B 17/00 covers the production of cadmium oxide by a metallurgical process. Furthermore, although compounds of arsenic and antimony are classified in C 01 G, production of the elements themselves is covered by C 22 B, as well as the production of their compounds by metallurgical processes.

(2)

Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:

(i)

liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to

(ii)

treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials

are further classified in subclass C 12 S. [5]

Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap (furnaces, sintering apparatus F 27 B)

Roasting processes (C 22 B 1/16 takes precedence)

Blast roasting

Sulfating roasting

Chloridising roasting

in fluidised form

Removing sulfur, phosphorus or arsenic, other than by roasting [2]

Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating

Sintering; Agglomerating

in sinter pots

in sintering machines with movable grates

212

in tunnel furnaces [2]

214

in shaft furnaces [2]

216

in rotary furnaces [2]

in other sintering apparatus

Binding; Briquetting

242

with binders [2]

243

inorganic [2]

244

organic [2]

245

with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates [2]

248

of metal scrap or alloys [2]

Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores

Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes [5]

Notes

(1)

In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes relating to the metals obtained. The indexing codes, which are chosen from the main groups (only) of groups C 22 B 11/00 to C 22 B 25/00, from group C 22 B 19/34 or from any of the groups C 22 B 26/00 to C 22 B 61/00, have the same numbers as the classification symbols, but a colon is used instead of the oblique stroke, and should be unlinked. [5]

(2)

Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Guide which sets forth the rules concerning the application and presentation of the different types of indexing code. [6]

Apparatus therefor

by leaching (C 22 B 3/18 takes precedence) [5]

in inorganic acid solutions [5]

Sulfuric acid [5]

Hydrochloric acid [5]

in inorganic alkaline solutions [5]

containing ammonia or ammonium salts [5]

in organic solutions [5]

with the aid of micro-organisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae [5]

Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C 22 B 3/18 takes precedence) [5]

by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means (C 22 B 3/26 takes precedence) [5]

by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins [5]

by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds [5]

Note

In groups C 22 B 3/28 to C 22 B 3/40 :

(a)

in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compounds are classified in the last appropriate place;

(b)

when two or more compounds are used successively, each compound is classified as such;

(c)

mixtures containing two or more compounds covered individually by the same one of groups C 22 B 3/28 to C 22 B 3/38, are classified only in that group. [5]

Amines [5]

Oximes [5]

Carboxylic acids [5]

containing sulfur [5]

Heterocyclic compounds (C 22 B 3/34 takes precedence) [5]

containing phosphorus [5]

Mixtures [5]

by ion-exchange extraction [5]

by chemical processes (C 22 B 3/26, C 22 B 3/42 take precedence) [5]

by substitution, e.g. by cementation [5]

Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys (general methods of refining or remelting metals C 22 B 9/00; obtaining iron or steel C 21 B, C 21 C) [2]

Light metals [2]

Heavy metals [2]

Alloys [2]

Apparatus (electric heating elements H 05 B) [2]

General processes of reducing to metals

Dry processes

by aluminium, other metals, or silicon

by carbides or the like

by sulfides; Roasting reaction processes

by solid carbonaceous reducing agents

by gases

fluidised material

with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced

Reducing step-by-step

from metal carbonyls

Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof

Working-up flue dust

Working-up slag

General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals

Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling or supersonic wave action

Refining by applying a vacuum [3]

Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing [3]

with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor (C 22 B 9/18 takes precedence) [3]

Refining in the solid state

Remelting metals (liquating C 22 B 9/02) [3]

Electroslag remelting [3]

187

Apparatus therefor, e.g. furnaces [5]

193

Moulds, bottom plates or starter plates [5]

Arc remelting [3]

Apparatus therefor [5]

with heating by wave energy or particle radiation [3]

11/

Obtaining noble metals

11/

by dry processes

11/

Chloridising

11/

by cyaniding

11/

by amalgamating

11/

Apparatus therefor

13/

Obtaining lead

13/

by dry processes

13/

Refining

13/

Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. by Parkes process

13/

Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process

C22B 15/00 - C22B 61/00