IPC 6 English version C10G !A-C10G 21/30

C10G-C10G02130

SECTION C– CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C 10

PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C 10 G

CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C 01 B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C 07 C; cracking to cokes C 10 B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES (inhibiting corrosion or incrustation in general C 23 F) [6]

Notes

(1)

In this subclass:

–

groups C 10 G 9/00 to C 10 G 49/00 are limited to one-step processes; [3]

–

combined or multi-step processes are covered by groups C 10 G 51/00 to C 10 G 69/00; [3]

–

refining or recovery of mineral waxes is covered by group C 10 G 73/00. [3]

(2)

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

–

"in the presence of hydrogen" or "in the absence of hydrogen" mean treatments in which hydrogen, in free form or as hydrogen generating compounds, is added, or not added, respectively; [3]

–

"hydrotreatment" is used for conversion processes as defined in group C 10 G 45/00 or group C 10 G 47/00; [3]

–

"hydrocarbon oils" covers mixtures of hydrocarbons such as tar oils or mineral oils. [3]

(3)

In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. [3]

(4)

Processes using enzymes or micro-organisms in order to:

(i)

liberate, separate or purify a pre-existing compound or composition, or to

(ii)

treat textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials

are further classified in subclass C 12 S. [5]

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal (mechanical winning of oil from oil-shales, oil-sand, or the like B 03 B)

by distillation (destructive distillation of oil-shale C 10 B 53/06)

by extraction

by destructive hydrogenation

with moving catalysts

from rubber or rubber waste

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon [5]

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids (production from non-melting solid oxygen-containing carbonaceous materials C 10 G 1/00; preparation of individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C 07 C)

Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas

with solid adsorbents

with liquid absorbents

by cooling or compressing

Distillation of hydrocarbon oils (distillation in general B 01 D)

Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning

De-watering

Vacuum distillation [3]

Azeotropic or extractive distillation (refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents C 10 G 21/00) [3]

Inhibiting corrosion during distillation [3]

Controlling or regulating (controlling or regulating in general G 05) [3]

Cracking in the absence of hydrogen

Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils

in retorts

Retorts

by pressure distillation

Apparatus therefor

Removing incrustation

in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means

Preventing or removing incrustation

Apparatus

Tube furnaces

by heating with electrical means

with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run

with preheated moving solid material

according to the "moving bed" technique

according to the "fluidised bed" technique

by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts

with heated gases or vapours

produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon [2]

by indirect contact with preheated fluid other than hot combustion gases

by passing the material to be cracked in thin streams or as spray on or near continuously heated surfaces

11/

Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils (cracking in direct contact with molten metals or salts C 10 G 9/34)

11/

characterised by the catalyst used

11/

Oxides

11/

Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves [3]

11/

Sulfides

11/

Halides

11/

with stationary catalyst bed

11/

with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid catalysts, e.g. blast and run

11/

with preheated moving solid catalysts

11/

according to the "moving bed" technique

11/

according to the "fluidised bed" technique

11/

by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours

11/

produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked

15/

Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs

15/

by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations [3]

15/

by particle radiation [3]

15/

with gases superheated in an electric arc, e.g. plasma [3]

Refining in the absence of hydrogen

17/

Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge

17/

with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge

17/

Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases

17/

using acids derived from sulfur or acid sludge thereof

17/

using halogen acids or oxyacids of halogen (acids generating halogen C 10 G 27/02) [3]

17/

with acid-forming oxides (refining with CO₂ or SO₂ as a selective solvent C 10 G 21/06)

17/

085

with oleum [3]

17/

with acid salts [3]

17/

095

with "solid acids", e.g. phosphoric acid deposited on a carrier [3]

17/

Recovery of used refining agent

19/

Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment

19/

with aqueous alkaline solutions

19/

containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers

19/

with plumbites or plumbates

19/

067

with molten alkaline material [3]

19/

073

with solid alkaline material [3]

19/

Recovery of used refining agent

21/

Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents (C 10 G 17/00, C 10 G 19/00 take precedence; de-waxing oils C 10 G 73/02)

21/

with two or more solvents, which are introduced or withdrawn separately

21/

by introducing simultaneously at least two immiscible solvents counter-current to each other

21/

characterised by the solvent used

21/

Inorganic compounds only

21/

Sulfur dioxide

21/

Organic compounds only

21/

Hydrocarbons

21/

Oxygen-containing compounds

21/

Halogen-containing compounds

21/

Nitrogen-containing compounds

21/

Compounds containing sulfur, selenium, or tellurium

21/

Phosphorus-containing compounds

21/

Silicon-containing compounds

21/

Organic compounds not provided for in a single one of groups C 10 G 21/14 to C 10 G 21/26 [3]

21/

Recovery of used solvent

21/

Controlling or regulating (controlling or regulating in general G 05) [3]

C10G 25/00 - C10G 45/72