IPC 6 English version B01D !A-B01D 24/48

B01D-B01D02448

SECTION B– PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B 01

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general F 27)

B 01 D

SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B 03 B, B 03 D, by pneumatic jigs or tables B 03 B, by other dry methods B 07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B 03 C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B 04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B 30 B 9/02; treatment of water C 02 F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C 02 F 1/42; arrangement or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F 24 F 13/28) [5]

Notes

(1)

This subclass covers:

–

evaporation, distillation, crystallisation, filtration, dust precipitation, gas cleaning, absorption, adsorption;

–

similar processes which are not concerned with, or limited to, separation (except in the case of absorption or adsorption).

(2)

In this subclass, the terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

–

"filtration" and analogous terms include straining solids from fluids;

–

"filter medium" is a porous material or porous arrangement of material used to filter solids from fluids;

–

"filtering element" is a section of filter medium in addition to parts to which the medium is demountably or permanently fixed, including other sections of medium, end caps, peripheral frames or edge strips, but excluding housings;

–

"filter housing" is the fluid-constraining impervious vessel, whether open or closed, which contains, or is adapted to contain, one or more filtering elements or filter media;

–

"filter chamber" is the space within a housing, where filtering elements or filter media are located. Partitions may divide a single housing into a plurality of chambers;

–

"filtering apparatus" consists of filtering elements combined with housings, cleaning arrangements, motor or the like parts, which are characteristic of the particular type of apparatus. Ancillary devices such as pumps or valves are considered part of a filtering apparatus when inside the apparatus. Ancillary devices performing similar or different unit operation such as comminutors, mixers or non-filtering separators, whether or not inside the apparatus, are not considered part of a filtering apparatus. The term does not extend to apparatus, e.g. washing machines, of which the filter forms only a part.

(3)

For apparatus used in drying or evaporation, class F 26 takes precedence over this subclass.

(4)

Group B 01 D 59/00 takes precedence over the other groups of this subclass and over other subclasses.

Evaporating (removal of incrustation B 08 B; preparation of starch C 08 B 30/00; sugar industry C 13; prevention of incrustation C 23 F; drying solid materials or objects by evaporating liquids therefrom F 26)

Evaporators with heating coils

Evaporators with horizontal tubes

Evaporators with vertical tubes

with short tubes (B 01 D 1/12 takes precedence)

with long tubes, e.g. Kestner evaporators (B 01 D 1/12 takes precedence)

and forced circulation

with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid

by spraying (B 01 D 1/22 takes precedence)

to obtain dry solids (B 01 D 1/24 takes precedence)

Sprayers (in general B 05 B)

by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface

to obtain dry solids

Multiple-effect evaporating

with vapour compression

Accessories for evaporators

Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping (gas chromatography B 01 D 15/08; destructive distillation C 10 B; preparation of alcoholic beverages by distillation C 12 G 3/12) [2]

in boilers or stills [2]

pipe stills

Flash distillation [2]

in rotating vessels; Atomisation on rotating discs (B 01 D 3/10 takes precedence)

Vacuum distillation (B 01 D 3/12 takes precedence) [2]

Molecular distillation [2]

Fractional distillation

Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid (packing elements B 01 J 19/30, B 01 J 19/32)

with horizontal bubble plates

Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid

with horizontal sieve plates or grids; Construction of sieve plates or grids

with sloping plates or elements mounted stepwise

Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow pass each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction

Fractionating columns with surface contact and vertical guides, e.g. film action

Fractionating columns with movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused

Other features of fractionating columns

with one or more auxiliary substances

Azeotropic distillation

Steam distillation

Extractive distillation

Regulation; Control

Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation (B 01 D 8/00 takes precedence; condensers F 28 B) [3]

Sublimation (B 01 D 8/00 takes precedence; freeze-drying F 26)

Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase (into single crystals C 30 B 23/00) [2]

Cold traps; Cold baffles (pumps for evacuating by condensing or freezing F 04 B 37/08) [3]

Crystallisation (crystallisation directly from the vapour phase B 01 D 7/02; making single crystals C 30 B)

from solutions

concentrating solutions by removing frozen solvent therefrom

11/

Solvent extraction

11/

of solids

11/

of solutions which are liquid

12/

Displacing liquid, e.g. from wet solids or from dispersions of liquids or from solids in liquids, by means of another liquid

15/

Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with adsorbents (ion exchange processes in general B 01 J; for investigating materials G 01 N 30/00) [4]

15/

with moving adsorbents

15/

with ion-exchange materials as adsorbents

15/

Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography

17/

Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion (devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water, or sewage C 02 F 1/40; cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like materials E 02 B 15/04)

17/

Separation of non-miscible liquids

17/

022

by contact with a preferentially wettable solid [4]

17/

025

by gravity, in a settling tank [4]

17/

028

provided with a set of baffles [4]

17/

032

provided with special equipment for removing at least one of the separated liquids [4]

17/

035

by using gas-bubbles or moving solids introduced into the mixture [4]

17/

038

by centrifugal force (centrifuges B 04 B; cyclones B 04 C) [4]

17/

Breaking emulsions

17/

by chemical treatment [4]

17/

Separation of liquids from each other by electricity

17/

by thermal diffusion [4]

17/

Auxiliary equipment particularly adapted for use with liquid-separating apparatus, e.g. control circuits [4]

19/

Degasification of liquids

19/

Foam dispersion or prevention (during boiling B 01 B 1/02; during fermentation C 12)

19/

by addition of chemical substances

21/

Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation (differential sedimentation B 03 D 3/00; devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material from water, waste water, or sewage C 02 F 1/40)

21/

using flocculating agents (for purifying water C 02 F 1/52; for liquid radioactive waste G 21 F 9/10) [2]

21/

Settling tanks [4]

21/

with moving scrapers

21/

with rotating scrapers

21/

provided with flocculating compartments

21/

Construction of the scrapers or the driving mechanisms for settling tanks

21/

Driving mechanisms

21/

Safety mechanisms

21/

Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks

21/

Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force (centrifuges B 04 B; cyclones B 04 C)

21/

Mechanical auxiliary equipment for acceleration of sedimentation, e.g. by vibrators or the like [4]

21/

Control equipment [4]

21/

Density control of clear liquid or sediment, e.g. optical control [4]

21/

Regulation of feed distribution; Regulation of liquid level [4]

Filtration; Filtering material, regeneration thereof (screens or sieves per se B 07 B 1/00) [2]

24/

Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof (B 01 D 27/02 takes precedence) [5]

Note

In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of group B 01 D 101:00. The indexing codes should be unlinked. [5]

24/

with the filter bed stationary during the filtration [5]

24/

the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls (B 01 D 24/10, B 01 D 24/20 take precedence) [5]

24/

the pervious walls comprising a series of louvres or slots [5]

24/

the filtering material being supported by at least two pervious coaxial walls [5]

24/

the filtering material being held in a closed container [5]

24/

Downward filtration, the filtering material being supported by pervious surfaces (B 01 D 24/18 takes precedence) [5]

24/

Downward filtration, the container having distribution or collection headers or pervious conduits (B 01 D 24/18 takes precedence) [5]

24/

Upward filtration (B 01 D 24/18 takes precedence) [5]

24/

Combined upward and downward filtration [5]

24/

the filtering material being provided in an open container [5]

24/

Downward filtration, the filter material being supported by pervious surfaces [5]

24/

Downward filtration, the container having distribution or collection headers or pervious conduits [5]

24/

Upward filtration [5]

24/

with the filter bed moving during the filtration (with the filter bed fluidised B 01 D 24/36) [5]

24/

Translation [5]

24/

Rotation [5]

24/

with the filtering material and its pervious support moving (tipping buckets, trays or like sections B 01 D 33/327) [5]

24/

with the filter bed fluidised during the filtration (with the filter bed being stationary B 01 D 24/02) [5]

24/

Feed or discharge devices [5]

24/

for feeding [5]

24/

for discharging filtrate [5]

24/

for discharging filter cake, e.g. chutes [5]

24/

Regenerating the filtering material in the filter (B 01 D 24/44 takes precedence) [5]

24/

integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration [5]

B01D 25/00 - B01D 33/82