(0)XF:0/0:

(0)XF:0/0:

SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

F 01

MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (combustion engines F 02; machines for liquids F 03, F 04); ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES

MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES (of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F 01 C; of non-positive-displacement type F 01 D; internal-combustion aspects of reciprocating-piston engines F 02 B 57/00, F 02 B 59/00; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F 16 C; flywheels F 16 F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F 16 H; pistons, piston-rods, cylinders, for engines in general F 16 J)

ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES (internal-combustion aspects F 02 B 53/00, F 02 B 55/00)

NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F 03; non-positive-displacement pumps F 04 D)

STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES (gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F 02; steam generation F 22; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G 21 D)

CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES (valves in general F 16 K)

LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (lubricating in general F 16 N); LUBRICATING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING [2]

GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B 60 K 13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F 02 M 35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G 10 K 11/16)

COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with cooling of propulsion units in vehicles B 60 K 11/00; heat exchange in general, radiators F 28)

F 02

COMBUSTION ENGINES (cyclically operating valves therefor, lubricating, exhausting, or silencing engines F 01); HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (internal-combustion turbines F 02 C; plants in which engines use combustion products F 02 C, F 02 G)

GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F 01 D; jet-propulsion plants F 02 K; construction of compressors or fans F 04; gas-turbine combustion chambers F 23 R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F 25 B 11/00; using gas-turbine plants in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes)

CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings for automatically controlling vehicle speed B 60 K 31/00; cyclically operating valves for combustion engines F 01 L; controlling combustion engine lubrication F 01 M; cooling internal-combustion engines F 01 P; supplying combustion engines with combustible mixtures or constituents thereof, e.g. carburettors, injection pumps, F 02 M; starting of combustion engines F 02 N; controlling of ignition F 02 P; controlling gas-turbine plants, jet-propulsion plants, or combustion-product engine plants, see the relevant subclasses for these plants) [4]

CYLINDERS, PISTONS, OR CASINGS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston internal-combustion engines F 02 B; specially adapted for gas-turbine plants F 02 C; specially adapted for jet-propulsion plants F 02 K) [2]

HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS (steam engine plants, special vapour plants, plants operating on either hot gas or combustion-product gases together with other fluid F 01 K; gas-turbine plants F 02 C; jet-propulsion plants F 02 K); USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in land vehicles or vehicles in general B 60 K; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in waterborne vessels B 63 H; controlling aircraft attitude, flight direction, or altitude by jet reaction B 64 C; arrangement or mounting of jet-propulsion plants in aircraft B 64 D; plants characterised by the power of the working fluid being divided between jet propulsion and another form of propulsion, e.g. propeller, F 02 B, F 02 C; features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants, air intakes or fuel supply control of air-breathing jet-propulsion plants F 02 C)

SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF (charging such engines F 02 B)

STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES (starting of free-piston combustion-engines F 02 B 71/02; starting of gas-turbine plants F 02 C 7/26); STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES (specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F 02 B 53/12; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F 23 Q; measuring of physical variables in general G 01; controlling in general G 05; data processing in general G 06; electrical components in general, see section H; sparking plugs H 01 T)

F 03

MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (for liquids and elastic fluids F 01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F 04); WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, OR MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (machines or engines for liquids and elastic fluids F 01; positive-displacement engines for liquids F 03 C; positive-displacement machines for liquids F 04)

POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS (positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids F 01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F 04; fluid-pressure actuators F 15 B; fluid gearing F 16 H)

WIND MOTORS

SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA, OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER-PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (arrangements in connection with power supply in vehicles from force of nature B 60 K 16/00; electric propulsion with power supply in vehicles from force of nature B 60 L 8/00)

PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (from combustion products F 02 K)

F 04

POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS (portable fire extinguishers with manually-operated pumps A 62 C 11/00, with power-driven pumps A 62 C 25/00; charging or scavenging combustion engines by pumps F 02 B; engine fuel-injection pumps F 02 M; ion pumps H 01 J 41/12; electrodynamic pumps H 02 K 44/02)

POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS (machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F 04 C; non-positive-displacement pumps F 04 D; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped F 04 F; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F 16 C; flywheels F 16 F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F 16 H; pistons, piston-rods, cylinders, in general F 16 J)

ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS (engines F 03 C); ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED (containers or packages with special means for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure B 65 D 83/14); SIPHONS [2]

F 15

FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL

SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (motors, turbines, compressors, blowers, pumps F 01 to F 04; fluid dynamics F 15 D; fluid clutches or brakes F 16 D; fluid springs F 16 F; fluid gearing F 16 H; pistons, cylinders, packing F 16 J; valves, taps, cocks, actuating-floats F 16 K; safety valves with auxiliary fluid operation of the main valve F 16 K 17/10; fluid-operating means for valves F 16 K 31/12; pipes, pipe joints F 16 L; lubricating F 16 N)

FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES (transducers F 15 B 5/00; fluid dynamics in general F 15 D; computers comprising fluid elements G 06 D, G 06 G)

FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS (fluid-circuit elements F 15 C)

F 16

ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING

SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OF CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS [5]

COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES [2]

SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION

BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR

PISTONS; CYLINDERS; PRESSURE VESSELS IN GENERAL; SEALINGS

VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING

PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

FRAMES, CASINGS, OR BEDS, OF ENGINES OR OTHER MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO AN ENGINE, MACHINE, OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS OR SUPPORTS

LUBRICATING

SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL

CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL

STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS

F 17

STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS (water supply E 03 B)

GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY (self-acting gas cut-off devices A 47 J 27/62, G 05 D; flame traps A 62 C 4/00; gas mixers B 01 F, F 16 K 11/00, G 05 D 11/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E 04 H 7/00; gas compressors F 04; valves F 16 K; damping pulsations in valves or pipes F 16 K, F 16 L; pipes F 16 L; stopping devices for gas mains F 16 L 55/10; vessels adapted for storing compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases F 17 C; gas distribution systems F 17 D 1/04; detecting leakage F 17 D 5/02, G 01 M; supervising or alarm devices F 17 D 5/02, G 08 B; control of combustion in burners F 23 N; gas flow or pressure regulators G 05 D)

VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES (storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B 65 G 5/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E 04 H 7/00; variable-capacity gas-holders F 17 B; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F 25)

PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES (pumps or compressors F 04; fluid dynamics F 15 D; valves or the like F 16 K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F 16 L; steam traps or the like F 16 T; fluid-pressure electric cables H 01 B 9/06)

F 21

LIGHTING (electric aspects or elements, see section H, e.g. electric light sources H 01 J, H 01 K, H 05 B)

MANTLES; OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION (arrangements thereof F 21 V 36/00; burners F 23 D)

LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES

NON-PORTABLE BEAM LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS (signal lighting devices F 21 Q)

NON-PORTABLE DEVICES OR SYSTEMS FOR FLOOD-LIGHTING BUILDINGS, LIGHTING FOUNTAINS, LIGHTING STAGES, OR FESTIVAL LIGHTING (beam lighting devices F 21 M; decorative lighting devices for domestic use F 21 S)

NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES FOR SIGNALLING (burners, combustion apparatus F 23; signalling arrangements or devices, other than lamps or shutters therefor, G 08 B) [4]

NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION

F 22

STEAM GENERATION (chemical or physical apparatus for generating gases B 01 J; chemical generation of gas, e.g. under pressure, Section C; removal of combustion products or residues, e.g. cleaning of the combustion contaminated surfaces of tubes of boilers, F 23 J; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F 23 R; water heaters not for steam generation F 24 H, F 28; cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers, F 28 G)

METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS (steam engine plants where engine aspects predominate F 01 K; domestic central-heating systems using steam F 24 D; heat exchange or heat transfer in general F 28; generation of vapour in the cores of nuclear reactors G 21)

PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER; FEED-WATER SUPPLY; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL; CIRCULATING WATER WITHIN BOILERS (chemical treatment of water, e.g. purification, C 02 F; enclosed heat-exchange apparatus in general F 28 D; controlling in general G 05)

SUPERHEATING OF STEAM (steam-separating arrangements in boilers F 22 B 37/26)

F 23

COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for lump and another kind of fuel simultaneously or alternatively F 23 C 1/00; combustion in fluidised beds F 23 C 11/02; burning of low-grade fuel F 23 G; grates F 23 H; feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus F 23 K; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for F 23 M; domestic apparatus F 24; central heating boilers F 24 D; package boilers F 24 H)

COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING FLUENT FUEL (combustion apparatus for solid fuel only F 23 B; burners F 23 D; constructional details of combustion chambers not otherwise provided for F 23 M; combustion chambers for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F 23 R)

BURNERS (generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F 23 R)

CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE BY COMBUSTION

GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES

REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (precipitating dust from flue gases B 01 D; composition of fuels C 10; combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F 23 G 7/06)

FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS (regulating or controlling combustion F 23 N)

AIR SUPPLY; DRAUGHT-INDUCING; SUPPLYING NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID OR GAS (air-supply arrangements for fluent fuels F 23 C; dampers or throat restrictors for open fire-places F 24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts F 24)

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (construction or support of tube walls for steam boilers F 22 B; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F 23 R)

REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION (regulating in general G 05)

IGNITION (devices for igniting matches A 24 F; explosive or thermic compositions C 06 B; chemical igniters C 06 C; devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines, except glowing plugs, F 02 P); EXTINGUISHING DEVICES

GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (chemical aspects of gas production C 06 D 5/00; gas-turbine plants characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant F 02 C 3/14; arrangement of afterburners in jet-propulsion plants F 02 K 3/10; combustion chambers of rocket engine plants F 02 K 9/00; using such products for specific purposes, see the relevant classes for the purposes)

F 24

HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING (protecting plants by heating in gardens, orchards, or forests A 01 G 13/06; baking ovens and apparatus A 21 B; cooking devices other than ranges A 47 J; forging B 21 J, B 21 K; specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant subclasses of classes B 60 to B 64; combustion apparatus in general F 23; drying F 26 B; ovens in general F 27; electric heating elements or arrangements H 05 B)

F 24 B

DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES [6]

OTHER DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (radiator stoves of the fluid-circulating type F 24 H)

DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR (preventing corrosion C 23 F; water supply in general E 03; using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plants for heating purposes F 01 K 17/02; steam traps F 16 T; domestic stoves or ranges F 24 B, F 24 C; water or air heaters having heat generating means F 24 H; combined heating and refrigeration systems F 25 B; heat exchange apparatus or elements F 28; removing furring F 28 G)

AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING (devices for ventilating greenhouses A 01 G; animal husbandry A 01 K, e.g. controlling humidity in incubators A 01 K 41/04; disinfecting or sterilising of air A 61 L; devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms or for ventilating gasproof shelters A 62 B; filtering, washing or drying of gases B 01 D; mixing gases with vapours or liquids in general B 01 F 3/00; spraying B 05 B, B 05 D; removing dirt or fumes from areas where they are produced B 08 B 15/00; ventilation, air-conditioning, or cooling, specially adapted for vehicles, see the relevant vehicle places, e.g. B 60 H, B 61 D 27/00; production of ozone C 01 B 13/10; chimneys or flues E 04 F 17/02, E 04 H 12/28, F 23 J 11/00, F 23 L 17/02; air ducts or conduits E 04 F 17/04, F 16 L; ventilation in doors or windows E 06 B 7/02; fans, blowers F 04; noise-absorbing in pipes or pipe systems F 16 L; tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts F 23 L; cooling F 25; details of heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus, of general application F 28 F; apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. the atmosphere, H 01 T 23/00)

FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, IN GENERAL (tube furnaces for thermal non-catalytic cracking C 10 G 9/20; devices, e.g. valves, for venting and aerating enclosures F 16 K 24/00; steam traps or like apparatus F 16 T; steam generation F 22; combustion apparatus F 23; domestic stoves or ranges F 24 B, F 24 C; domestic- or space-heating systems F 24 D; furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts F 27; heat-exchangers F 28; electric heating elements or arrangements H 05 B)

PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (engines or other mechanisms for producing mechanical power from heat, see the relevant classes, e.g. F 03 G for using natural heat)

F 25

REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES

REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS, OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (pumps, compressors F 04; use of heat pumps for domestic or space-heating or for domestic hot-water supply F 24 D; air-conditioning, air-humidification F 24 F; fluid heaters using heat pumps F 24 H)

PRODUCTION, WORKING, STORING, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ICE (frozen sweets, including ice-cream, their production A 23 G 9/00; concentrating solutions by removing frozen solvents B 01 D 9/04; purification of water by freezing C 02 F 1/22; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F 25 B; solidification of gases or gaseous mixtures F 25 J; freeze-drying F 26 B) [2]

REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT COVERED BY ANY OTHER SUBCLASS (refrigerated showcases A 47 F 3/04; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use A 47 J 41/00; refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate subclasses of classes B 60 to B 64; containers with thermal insulation in general B 65 D 81/38; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases F 17 C; air-conditioning or air-humidification F 24 F; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F 25 B; cooling of instruments or comparable apparatus without refrigeration G 12 B; cooling of engines or pumps, see the relevant classes)

LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION, OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT (cryogenic pumps F 04 B 37/08; gas storage vessels, gas-holders F 17; filling vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases F 17 C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F 25 B)

F 26

DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM (racks for drying fruit or vegetables A 01 F 25/12; drying foodstuffs A 23; drying hair A 45 D 20/00; body-drying implements A 47 K 10/00 ; drying household articles A 47 L; drying gases or vapours B 01 D; chemical or physical processes for dewatering or like separating liquids from solids B 01 D 43/00; centrifugal apparatus B 04; drying ceramics C 04 B 33/30; drying yarns or fabrics in association with some other form of treatment D 06 C; drying frames for laundry without heating or positive air circulation, domestic laundry-or spin-driers, wringing or hot pressing laundry D 06 F; furnaces, kilns, ovens F 27)

F 27

FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS (specially adapted for a purpose covered by a single other class and specifically mentioned in that class, see the class in question, e.g. bakery ovens A 21 B, glass melting furnaces C 03 B, coke or gas-making apparatus C 10 B, C 10 J, apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons C 10 G, blast furnaces C 21 B, converters for making steel C 21 C, furnaces for heat treatment of metal C 21 D; furnaces for electroslag or arc remelting of metals C 22 B 9/00; enamelling ovens C 23 D; combustion apparatus F 23; electric heating H 05 B) [4]

FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS

DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE (combustion apparatus F 23)

F 28

HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL (arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F 24 F 13/30)

STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS (condensation of vapours B 01 D 5/00; condensation during pretreatment of gases prior to electrostatic precipitation of dispersed particles B 03 C 3/014; steam engine plants having condensers F 01 K; liquefaction of gases F 25 J; details of heat-exchange or heat-transfer arrangements of general application F 28 F)

HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION (safety devices in general F 16 P; fluid heaters having heat generating means F 24 H; with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media F 28 D 15/00 to F 28 D 19/00; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F 28 F)

HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F 24 H; furnaces F 27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F 28 F); HEAT STORAGE PLANTS OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL [4]

DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water or air traps, air venting F 16)

CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OF BOILERS (cleaning pipes or tubes in general B 08 B 9/02; devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals, or sludge from boilers while the boiler is in operation, or which remain in position while the boiler is in operation, or are specifically adapted to boilers without any other utility F 22 B 37/48; removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues F 23 J; removing ice from heat-exchange apparatus F 28 F 17/00)

F 41

FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE [5]

WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (projectiles for fishing, e.g. fish-spears, A 01 K 81/00; sports implements for throwing A 63 B 65/00, e.g. boomerangs A 63 B 65/08; stationary apparatus for projecting sports balls, e.g. tennis balls, A 63 B 69/40; throwing or slinging toys A 63 H 33/18, knives, axes B 26 B; projectiles or missiles other than those incorporating springs as projecting means F 42 B 6/00)

SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES (functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F 41 A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F 41 B); ACCESSORIES THEREFOR [5]

APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS (smallarms F 41 C); LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS (functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F 41 A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F 41 B) [5]

WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING (optical aspects thereof G 02 B)

ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL

TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS

F 42

AMMUNITION; BLASTING

EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING; FIREWORKS; AMMUNITION (explosive compositions C 06 B; fuzes F 42 C; blasting F 42 D) [2,5]

AMMUNITION FUZES (blasting cartridge initiators F 42 B 3/10; chemical aspects C 06 C); ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR (filling fuzes F 42 B 33/02; fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes F 42 B 33/04; containers for fuzes F 42 B 39/30) [5]

BLASTING (fuses, e.g. fuse cords, C 06 C 5/00; blasting cartridges F 42 B 3/00)