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SECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C 01

 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products C 04 B 35/00; fermentation or enzyme-using processes for the preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide C 12 P 3/00; obtaining metal compounds from mixtures, e.g. ores, which are intermediate compounds in a metallurgical process for obtaining a free metal C 21 B, C 22 B; production of non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C 25 B)

C 01 B

 NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF

C 01 C

 AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF (salts of oxyacids of halogens C 01 B 11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C 01 B 15/00; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C 01 B 17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C 01 B 19/00; azides C 01 B 21/08; metal amides C 01 B 21/092; nitrites C 01 B 21/50; phosphides C 01 B 25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C 01 B 25/16; compounds containing silicon C 01 B 33/00; compounds containing boron C 01 B 35/00)

C 01 D

 COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM (metal hydrides C 01 B 6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C 01 B 11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C 01 B 15/00; sulfides or polysulfides C 01 B 17/22; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C 01 B 17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C 01 B 19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C 01 B 21/06; azides C 01 B 21/08; metal amides C 01 B 21/092; nitrites C 01 B 21/50; phosphides C 01 B 25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C 01 B 25/16; carbides C 01 B 31/30; compounds containing silicon C 01 B 33/00; compounds containing boron C 01 B 35/00; cyanides C 01 C 3/08; salts of cyanic acid C 01 C 3/14; salts of cyanamide C 01 C 3/16; thiocyanates C 01 C 3/20)

C 01 F

 COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS (metal hydrides C 01 B 6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C 01 B 11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C 01 B 15/00; sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium C 01 B 17/42; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C 01 B 17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C 01 B 19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C 01 B 21/06; azides C 01 B 21/08; metal amides C 01 B 21/092; nitrites C 01 B 21/50; phosphides C 01 B 25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C 01 B 25/16; carbides C 01 B 31/30; compounds containing silicon C 01 B 33/00; compounds containing boron C 01 B 35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C 01 B 37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C 01 B 39/00; cyanides C 01 C 3/08; salts of cyanic acid C 01 C 3/14; salts of cyanamide C 01 C 3/16; thiocyanates C 01 C 3/20)

C 01 G

 COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 01 D OR C 01 F (metal hydrides C 01 B 6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C 01 B 11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C 01 B 15/00; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C 01 B 17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C 01 B 19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C 01 B 21/06; azides C 01 B 21/08; metal amides C 01 B 21/092; nitrites C 01 B 21/50; phosphides C 01 B 25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C 01 B 25/16; carbides C 01 B 31/30; compounds containing silicon C 01 B 33/00; compounds containing boron C 01 B 35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C 01 B 37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C 01 B 39/00; cyanides C 01 C 3/08; salts of cyanic acid C 01 C 3/14; salts of cyanamide C 01 C 3/16; thiocyanates C 01 C 3/20)

C 02

 TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (settling tanks, filtering, e.g. sand filters or screening devices, B 01 D)

C 02 F

 TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B 01 D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B 63 J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C 23 F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G 21 F 9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) [3]

C 03

 GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL

C 03 B

 MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES

C 03 C

 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES, OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS

C 04

 CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES (alloys based on refractory metals C 22 C) [4]

C 04 B

 LIME; MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C 03 C 10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE [4]

C 05

 FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF (processes or devices for granulating materials, in general B 01 J 2/00; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials C 09 K 17/00) [4]

C 05 B

 PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS

C 05 C

 NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS

C 05 D

 INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 05 B, C 05 C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE

C 05 F

 ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 05 B, C 05 C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE

C 05 G

 MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C 05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS (organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia, or the like C 05 F 11/08; organic fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones C 05 F 11/10); FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM [4]

C 06

 EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES

C 06 B

 EXPLOSIVE OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS (blasting F 42 D); MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES (compounds in general C 01, C 07 or C 08) [2]

C 06 C

 DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES (ammunition fuzes F 42 C); CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS [2]

C 06 D

 MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)(fuels C 10) [2]

C 06 F

 MATCHES; MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES

C 07

 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof C 01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds C 01 B 33/44; macromolecular compounds C 08; dyes C 09; fermentation products C 12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture C 12 P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C 25 B 3/00, C 25 B 7/00) [2]

C 07 B

 GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR (preparation of carboxylic acid esters by telomerisation C 07 C 67/47; telomerisation C 08 F)

C 07 C

 ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

C 07 D

 HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS [2]

C 07 F

 ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC, OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM, OR TELLURIUM (metal-containing porphyrins C 07 D 487/22)

C 07 G

 COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION

C 07 H

 SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS (derivatives of aldonic or saccharic acids C 07 C, C 07 D; aldonic acids, saccharic acids C 07 C 59/105, C 07 C 59/285; cyanohydrins C 07 C 255/16; glycals C 07 D ; compounds of unknown constitution C 07 G; polysaccharides, derivatives thereof C 08 B; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification C 12 N 15/00; sugar industry C 13) [2]

C 07 J

 STEROIDS (seco-steroids C 07 C) [2]

C 07 K

 PEPTIDES (peptides in foodstuffs A 23, e.g. obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs A 23 J; preparations for medicinal purposes A 61 K; peptides containing [beta]-lactam rings C 07 D; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, C 07 D; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type C 07 D 519/02; macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units in their molecules, i.e. when the preparation does not provide for a specific, but for a random sequence of the amino acid units, homopolyamides and block copolyamides derived from amino acids C 08 G 69/00; macromolecular products derived from proteins C 08 H 1/00; preparation of glue or gelatine C 09 H; single cell proteins, enzymes C 12 N; genetic engineering processes for obtaining peptides C 12 N 15/00; compositions for measuring or testing processes involving enzymes C 12 Q; investigation or analysis of biological material G 01 N 33/00) [4]

C 07 M

 INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C 07 B TO C 07 K, RELATING TO SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS [6]

C 08

 ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON (manufacture or treatment of artificial threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons D 01)

C 08 B

 POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF (polysaccharides containing less than six saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages C 07 H; fermentation or enzyme-using processes C 12 P 19/00; sugar industry C 13; production of cellulose D 21) [4]

C 08 C

 TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS

C 08 F

 MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS (production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation, C 10 G 50/00) [2]

C 08 G

 MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS [2]

C 08 H

 DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (polysaccharides C 08 B; natural rubber C 08 C)

C 08 J

 WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 08 B, C 08 C, C 08 F, C 08 G(mechanical aspects B 29; layered products, manufacture thereof B 32 B; treatment of macromolecular material specially adapted to enhance its filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone C 04 B 16/04, C 04 B 18/20, C 04 B 20/00 ; treatment of textiles D 06) [2]

C 08 K

 USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS (pesticides, herbicides A 01 N; pharmaceuticals, cosmetics A 61 K; explosives C 06 B; paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C 09; lubricants C 10 M; detergents C 11 D; artificial filaments or fibres D 01 F; textile treating compositions D 06) [2]

C 08 L

 COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (pesticides, herbicides A 01 N; pharmaceuticals, cosmetics A 61 K; explosives C 06 B; paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C 09; lubricants C 10 M; detergents C 11 D; artificial filaments or fibres D 01 F; textile treating compositions D 06) [2]

C 09

 DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITIONS; MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS

C 09 B

 ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES; MORDANTS; LAKES (fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound C 12 P)

C 09 C

 TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES (preparation of inorganic compounds or non-metallic elements C 01; treatment of materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone C 04 B 14/00, C 04 B 18/00, C 04 B 20/00 ); PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK [4]

C 09 D

 COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES, LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A 61 K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B 05 D; staining wood B 27 K 5/02; polymers in general C 08 F, C 08 G; organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes, mordants or lakes, per se, C 09 B; treatment of inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers used as pigments or fillers C 09 C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C 09 F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C 09 G; preparation of glue or gelatine C 09 H; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C 09 J; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C 25 D; textile-treating compositions D 06; paper-making D 21; conductors, insulators H 01 B) [5]

C 09 F

 NATURAL RESINS; FRENCH POLISH; DRYING-OILS; DRIERS (SICCATIVES); TURPENTINE

C 09 G

 POLISHING COMPOSITIONS OTHER THAN FRENCH POLISH; SKI WAXES

C 09 H

 PREPARATION OF GLUE OR GELATINE

C 09 J

 ADHESIVES; ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL (NON-MECHANICAL PART); ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES (surgical adhesives A 61 L 25/00; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general B 05 D; adhesives on the basis of non specified organic macromolecular compounds used as bonding agents in layered products B 32 B; polymers in general C 08 F, C 08 G; production of multi-layer textile fabrics D 06 M 17/00) [5]

C 09 K

 MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE

C 10

 PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C 10 B

 DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS (cracking oils C 10 G; underground gasification of minerals E 21 B 43/295) [5]

C 10 C

 WORKING-UP TAR, PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID (compositions of bituminous materials C 08 L 95/00; carbon filaments by decomposition of organic filaments D 01 F 9/14)

C 10 F

 DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT [5]

C 10 G

 CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C 01 B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C 07 C; cracking to cokes C 10 B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES (inhibiting corrosion or incrustation in general C 23 F) [6]

C 10 H

 PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY WET METHODS (purification of acetylene C 07 C 11/24) [5]

C 10 J

 PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C 01 B; underground gasification of minerals E 21 B 43/295); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES [5]

C 10 K

 PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE

C 10 L

 FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (fuels for generating pressure gas, e.g. for rockets, C 06 D 5/00; candles C 11 C; nuclear fuel G 21 C 3/00); NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C 10 G, C 10 K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRE-LIGHTERS [5]

C 10 M

 LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well-drilling compositions C 09 K 7/00); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B 22 C 3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B 29 C 33/56, for glass C 03 B 40/02; textile lubricating compositions D 06 M 11/00, D 06 M 13/00, D 06 M 15/00; use of particular substances in particular apparatus or conditions, see F 16 N or the relevant groups for the application, e.g. A 21 D 8/08, B 21 C 9/00, H 01 B 3/18; immersion oils for microscopy G 02 B 21/33) [4]

C 10 N

 INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C 10 M [4]

C 11

 ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES (edible oil or fat compositions A 23)

C 11 B

 PRODUCING (pressing, extraction), REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES (e.g. lanolin), FATTY OILS OR WAXES, INCLUDING EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES (drying-oils C 09 F)

C 11 C

 FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM

C 11 D

 DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS (preparations specially adapted for washing the hair A 61 K 7/075; special washing compositions for cleaning semi-permeable membranes B 01 D 65/06); USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL

C 12

 BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

C 12 C

 BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials A 23 N; pitching or depitching machines, cellar tools C 12 L; propagating yeasts C 12 N 1/14; non-beverage ethanolic fermentation C 12 P 7/06)

C 12 F

 RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; DENATURING OF, OR DENATURED, ALCOHOL [6]

C 12 G

 WINE; OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION THEREOF (beer C 12 C)

C 12 H

 PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION, AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES OR REMOVAL OF ALCOHOL THEREFROM (deacidifying wine C 12 G 1/10; preventing winestone precipitation C 12 G 1/12; simulation ageing by flavouring C 12 G 3/06) [6]

C 12 J

 VINEGAR; ITS PREPARATION

C 12 L

 PITCHING OR DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS (cleaning of casks B 08 B 9/00)

C 12 M

 APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY (installations for fermenting manure A 01 C 3/02; preservation of living parts of humans or animals A 01 N 1/02; physical or chemical apparatus in general B 01; brewing apparatus C 12 C; fermentation apparatus for wine C 12 G; apparatus for preparing vinegar C 12 J 1/10) [3]

C 12 N

 MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, micro-organisms or animal material A 01 N 63/00; food compositions A 21, A 23; medicinal preparations A 61 K; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A 61 L; fertilisers C 05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS (preservation of living parts of humans or animals A 01 N 1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C 12 Q) [3]

C 12 P

 FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE (fermentation processes to form a food composition A 21, A 23; compounds in general, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C 01, C 07; brewing of beer C 12 C; producing vinegar C 12 J; processes for producing enzymes C 12 N 9/00; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification C 12 N 15/00) [3]

C 12 Q

 MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS (immunoassay G 01 N 33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES [3]

C 12 R

 INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C 12 C TO C 12 Q OR C 12 S, RELATING TO MICRO-ORGANISMS [3]

C 12 S

 PROCESSES USING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS TO LIBERATE, SEPARATE OR PURIFY A PRE-EXISTING COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION (biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage C 02 F 3/00, of sludge C 02 F 11/02; processes using enzymes or micro-organisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture C 12 P 41/00); PROCESSES USING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS TO TREAT TEXTILES OR TO CLEAN SOLID SURFACES OF MATERIALS [5]

C 13

 SUGAR INDUSTRY (polysaccharides, e.g. starch, derivatives thereof C 08 B; malt C 12 C) [4]

C 13 C

 CUTTING MILLS; SHREDDING KNIVES; PULP PRESSES

C 13 D

 PRODUCTION OR PURIFICATION OF SUGAR JUICES

C 13 F

 PREPARATION OR PROCESSING OF RAW SUGAR, SUGAR, OR SYRUP

C 13 G

 EVAPORATION APPARATUS; BOILING PANS

C 13 H

 CUTTING MACHINES FOR SUGAR; COMBINED CUTTING, SORTING AND PACKING MACHINES FOR SUGAR

C 13 J

 EXTRACTION OF SUGAR FROM MOLASSES

C 13 K

 GLUCOSE; INVERT SUGAR; LACTOSE; MALTOSE; SYNTHESIS OF SUGARS BY HYDROLYSIS OF DI- OR POLYSACCHARIDES (carbohydrate syrups in foods or foodstuffs A 23 L 1/09; chemical synthesis other than by hydrolysis of di- or polysaccharides C 07 H; fermentation or enzyme-using processes C 12 P 19/00)

C 14

 SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER

C 14 B

 MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES, OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES (making leather substitutes B 29, D 06 N; making articles from leather B 68 F; mechanical cleaning of hides or the like D 06 G; artificial leather D 06 N)

C 14 C

 CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING (dyeing or bleaching of leather or furs D 06)

C 21

 METALLURGY OF IRON

C 21 B

 MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL (preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap C 22 B 1/00; electric heating H 05 B)

C 21 C

 PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL (refining or remelting metals in general C 22 B 9/00); TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS

C 21 D

 MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE BY DECARBURISATION, TEMPERING, OR OTHER TREATMENTS (cementation by diffusion processes C 23 C; surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C 23 and at least one process covered by this subclass C 23 F 17/00; unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid materials C 30 B)

C 22

 METALLURGY (of iron C 21); FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS (general methods or devices for heat treatment of ferrous or non-ferrous metals or alloys C 21 D; production of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C 25)

C 22 B

 PRODUCTION OR REFINING OF METALS (making metallic powder or suspensions thereof B 22 F 9/00; electrolytic C 25); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

C 22 C

 ALLOYS (flints C 06 C 15/00; treatment of alloys C 21 D, C 22 F)

C 22 F

 CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS (surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C 23 and at least one process covered by this subclass C 23 F 17/00)

C 22 K

 INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C 21 D, C 22 C OR C 22 F, RELATING TO CHANGING THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLOYS [6]

C 23

 COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL (by metallising textiles D 06 M 11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D 06 Q 1/04); CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (for specific applications, see the relevant places, e.g. for manufacturing resistors H 01 C 17/06); INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL (treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C 25 D, C 25 F) [2]

C 23 C

 COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general B 05; making metal-coated products by extrusion B 21 C 23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B 21 D 39/00, B 23 K; working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current on a workpiece using an electrode B 23 H; metallising of glass C 03 C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C 04 B 41/00; paints, varnishes, laquers C 09 D; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C 23 D; inhibiting corrosion of metallic material or incrustation in general C 23 F; single-crystal film growth C 30 B; manufacture of semiconductor devices H 01 L; manufacture of printed circuits H 05 K) [4]

C 23 D

 ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS (chemical composition of the enamels C 03 C)

C 23 F

 NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACES (working of metal by electro-erosion B 23 H; desurfacing by applying flames B 23 K 7/00; working metal by laser beam B 23 K 26/00; producing decorative effects by removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching, B 44 C 1/22 ; electrolytic etching or polishing C 25 F); INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL; INHIBITING INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C 23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C 21 D OR C 22 F OR CLASS C 25 (inhibition or prevention of corrosion or incrustation during processing of hydrocarbons C 10 G 7/10, C 10 G 9/16 , C 10 G 75/00) [4]

C 23 G

 CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS (polishing compositions C 09 G; detergents in general C 11 D)

C 25

 ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR (electrodialysis, electro-osmosis, separation of liquids by electricity B 01 D; working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current B 23 H; treatment of water, waste water or sewage by electrochemical methods C 02 F 1/46; surface treatment of metallic material or coating involving at least one process provided for in class C 23 and at least one process covered by this class C 23 C 28/00, C 23 F 17/00; anodic or cathodic protection C 23 F; single-crystal growth C 30 B ; metallising textiles D 06 M 11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D 06 Q 1/04; electrochemical methods of analysis G 01 N; electrochemical measuring, indicating or recording devices G 01 R; electrolytic circuit elements, e.g. capacitors, H 01 G; electrochemical current or voltage generators H 01 M) [4]

C 25 B

 ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON- METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR [2]

C 25 C

 PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR [2]

C 25 D

 PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING (decorating textiles by metallising D 06 Q 1/04; manufacturing printed circuits by metal deposition H 05 K 3/18); JOINING WORKPIECES BY ELECTROLYSIS; APPARATUS THEREFOR [2,6]

C 25 F

 PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR [2]

C 30

 CRYSTAL GROWTH (separation by crystallisation in general B 01 D 9/00) [3]

C 30 B

 SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH (by using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds B 01 J 3/06); UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL (zone-refining of metals or alloys C 22 B); PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE (casting of metals, casting of other substances by the same processes or devices B 22 D; working of plastics B 29; modifying the physical structure of metals or alloys C 21 D, C 22 F); SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE (for producing semiconductor devices or parts thereof H 01 L); APPARATUS THEREFOR [3]