PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G 01 R; mechanical counters having an electrical input G 06 M; information storage devices in general G 11; sample-and-hold arrangements in electric analogue stores G 11 C 27/02; construction of switches involving contact making and breaking for generation of pulses, e.g. by using a moving magnet,
H 01 H; static conversion of electric power H 02 M; generation of oscillations by circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching manner H 03 B; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H 03 C, H 04 L; discriminator circuits involving pulse counting H 03 D; automatic control of generators H 03 L; starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H 03 L
; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H 03 M) [4]
Notes
(1)
This subclass covers:
-
methods, circuits, devices, or apparatus using active elements operating in a discontinuous or switching manner for generating, counting, amplifying, shaping, modulating, demodulating, or otherwise manipulating signals;
-
electronic switching not involving contact-making and braking;
-
logic circuits handling electric pulses.
(2)
In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
-
"active element" exercises control over the conversion of input energy into an oscillation or a discontinuous flow of energy.
(3)
In this subclass, where the claims of a patent document are not limited to a specific circuit element, the document is classified at least according to the elements used in the described embodiment. [6]
3
/
00
Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits (H 03 K 4/00 takes precedence; for digital computers G 06 F 1/025) [5]
3
/
01
•
Details [3]
3
/
011
•
•
Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature [6]
3
/
012
•
•
Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption [6]
3
/
013
•
•
Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference [3]
3
/
014
•
•
Modifications of generator to ensure starting of oscillations [6]
3
/
015
•
•
Modifications of generator to maintain energy constant [6]
3
/
017
•
•
Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses (pulse width modulation H 03 K 7/08) [3]
3
/
02
•
Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses (H 03 K 3/64 to H 03 K 3/84 take precedence)
3
/
021
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of more than one type of element or means, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT [6]
3
/
023
•
•
by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback [3]
3
/
0231
•
•
•
Astable circuits [6]
3
/
0232
•
•
•
Monostable circuits [6]
3
/
0233
•
•
•
Bistable circuits [6]
3
/
0234
•
•
•
Multistable circuits [6]
3
/
027
•
•
by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback [3]
3
/
03
•
•
•
Astable circuits [3]
3
/
033
•
•
•
Monostable circuits [3]
3
/
037
•
•
•
Bistable circuits [3]
3
/
038
•
•
•
Multistable circuits [6]
3
/
04
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback (H 03 K 3/023, H 03 K 3/027 take precedence) [3]
3
/
05
•
•
•
using means other than a transformer for feedback
3
/
06
•
•
•
•
using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
3
/
08
•
•
•
•
•
astable
3
/
09
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stabilisation of output [2]
3
/
10
•
•
•
•
•
monostable
3
/
12
•
•
•
•
•
bistable
3
/
13
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]
using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
3
/
313
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with two electrodes, one or two potential-jump barriers, and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [3]
3
/
315
•
•
•
the devices being tunnel diodes
3
/
33
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect
3
/
335
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect
3
/
35
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region (H 03 K 3/023, H 03 K 3/027 take precedence) [3]
3
/
351
•
•
•
the devices being unijunction transistors (H 03 K 3/352 takes precedence) [3]
3
/
352
•
•
•
the devices being thyristors [3]
3
/
3525
•
•
•
•
Anode gate thyristors or programmable unijunction transistors [6]
3
/
353
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H 03 K 3/023, H 03 K 3/027 take precedence) [2,3]
3
/
354
•
•
•
Astable circuits [3]
3
/
355
•
•
•
Monostable circuits [3]
3
/
356
•
•
•
Bistable circuits [3]
3
/
3562
•
•
•
•
of the master-slave type [6]
3
/
3565
•
•
•
•
Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]
3
/
3568
•
•
•
Multistable circuits [6]
3
/
357
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of bulk negative resistance devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices [2]
3
/
36
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of semiconductors, not otherwise provided for [2]
3
/
37
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes, e.g. astable trigger circuits (H 03 K 3/55 takes precedence)
3
/
38
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices [3]
3
/
40
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of electrochemical cells
3
/
42
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
3
/
43
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of beam deflection tubes
3
/
45
•
•
by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
3
/
47
•
•
•
the devices being parametrons
3
/
49
•
•
•
the devices being ferro-resonant
3
/
51
•
•
•
the devices being multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxors
3
/
53
•
•
by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (H 03 K 3/335 takes precedence)
3
/
537
•
•
•
the switching device being a spark gap [3]
3
/
543
•
•
•
the switching device being a vacuum tube [3]
3
/
55
•
•
•
the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode
3
/
57
•
•
•
the switching device being a semiconductor device
3
/
59
•
•
by the use of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]
3
/
64
•
Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
3
/
66
•
•
by interrupting the output of a generator
3
/
70
•
•
•
time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal
3
/
72
•
•
with means for varying repetition rate of trains
3
/
78
•
Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
