Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
13
/
02
•
Investigating surface tension of liquids
13
/
04
•
Investigating osmotic effects
15
/
00
Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials (identification of micro-organisms C 12 Q) [4]
Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
19
/
04
•
Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
19
/
06
•
Investigating by removing material, e.g. spark-testing
19
/
08
•
Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities (measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces G 01 B 5/28)
19
/
10
•
Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers
21
/
00
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light (G 01 N 3/00 to G 01 N 19/00 take precedence; by investigating a spectrum G 01 J 3/00; measuring stress in general
G 01 L 1/00; optical elements of measuring instruments G 02 B)
21
/
01
•
Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation [3]
21
/
03
•
•
Cuvette constructions [3]
21
/
05
•
•
•
Flow-through cuvettes (G 01 N 21/09 takes precedence; handling fluid samples G 01 N 1/10) [3]
21
/
07
•
•
•
Centrifugal type cuvettes (G 01 N 21/09 takes precedence; centrifuges B 04 B) [3]
21
/
09
•
•
•
adapted to resist hostile environments or corrosive or abrasive materials [3]
21
/
11
•
•
Filling or emptying of cuvettes [3]
21
/
13
•
•
Moving of cuvettes or solid samples to or from the investigating station [3]
21
/
15
•
•
Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path [3]
21
/
17
•
Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated (where the material investigated is optically excited causing a change in wavelength of the incident light G 01 N 21/63) [3]
21
/
19
•
•
Dichroism [3]
21
/
21
•
•
Polarisation-affecting properties (G 01 N 21/19 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
23
•
•
•
Bi-refringence [3]
21
/
25
•
•
Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands [3]
21
/
27
•
•
•
using photo-electric detection (G 01 N 21/31 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
29
•
•
•
using visual detection (G 01 N 21/31 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
31
•
•
•
Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry [3]
21
/
33
•
•
•
•
using ultra-violet light (G 01 N 21/39 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
35
•
•
•
•
using infra-red light (G 01 N 21/39 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
37
•
•
•
•
•
using pneumatic detection [3]
21
/
39
•
•
•
•
using tunable lasers [3]
21
/
41
•
•
Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length (G 01 N 21/21 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
43
•
•
•
by measuring critical angle [3]
21
/
45
•
•
•
using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods [3]
inside a container, e.g. in an ampoule (G 01 N 21/53 takes precedence; checking containers for cleanliness B 08 B 9/46) [3]
21
/
53
•
•
•
•
within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke (alarm devices actuated by smoke G 08 B 17/10) [3]
21
/
55
•
•
Specular reflectivity [3]
21
/
57
•
•
•
Measuring gloss [3]
21
/
59
•
•
Transmissivity (G 01 N 21/25 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
61
•
•
•
Non-dispersive gas analysers [3]
21
/
62
•
Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light [3]
21
/
63
•
•
optically excited [3]
21
/
64
•
•
•
Fluorescence; Phosphorescence [3]
21
/
65
•
•
•
Raman scattering [3]
21
/
66
•
•
electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence [3]
21
/
67
•
•
•
using electric arcs or discharges (spark gaps
H 01 T) [3]
21
/
68
•
•
•
using high frequency electric fields [3]
21
/
69
•
•
•
specially adapted for fluids [3]
21
/
70
•
•
mechanically excited, e.g. triboluminescence [3]
21
/
71
•
•
thermally excited [3]
21
/
72
•
•
•
using flame burners [3]
21
/
73
•
•
•
using plasma burners or torches [3]
21
/
74
•
•
•
using flameless atomising, e.g. graphite furnaces [3]
21
/
75
•
Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated (systems in which material is burnt in a flame or plasma G 01 N 21/72, G 01 N 21/73) [3]
21
/
76
•
•
Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence [3]
21
/
77
•
•
by observing the effect on a chemical indicator [3]
21
/
78
•
•
•
producing a change of colour [3]
21
/
79
•
•
•
•
Photometric titration [3]
21
/
80
•
•
•
•
Indicating pH value [3]
21
/
81
•
•
•
•
Indicating humidity [3]
21
/
82
•
•
•
producing a precipitate or turbidity [3]
21
/
83
•
•
•
•
Turbidimetric titration [3]
21
/
84
•
Systems specially adapted for particular applications [3]
21
/
85
•
•
Investigating moving fluids or granular solids [3]
21
/
86
•
•
Investigating moving sheets (G 01 N 21/89 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
87
•
•
Investigating jewels (G 01 N 21/88 takes precedence) [3]
21
/
88
•
•
Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination [3]
