Quinone carboxylic acids (cyclic anhydrides C 07 D) [2]
66
/
02
•
Anthraquinone carboxylic acids [2]
67
/
00
Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
Note
In this group, lactones used as reactants are considered as being esters. [3]
67
/
02
•
by interreacting ester groups, i.e. transesterification
67
/
03
•
by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group [2]
67
/
035
•
by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with saturated hydrocarbons [3]
67
/
04
•
by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [2]
67
/
05
•
•
with oxidation [2,3]
67
/
055
•
•
•
in the presence of platinum group metals or their compounds [3]
67
/
08
•
by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds [2]
67
/
10
•
by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with ester groups or with a carbon-halogen bond (preparation from carboxylic acid halides C 07 C 67/14) [2]
67
/
11
•
•
being mineral ester groups [3]
67
/
12
•
from asymmetrical anhydrides [2]
67
/
14
•
from carboxylic acid halides [2]
67
/
16
•
from carboxylic acids, esters or anhydrides wherein one oxygen atom has been replaced by a sulfur, selenium or tellurium atom [2]
67
/
18
•
by conversion of a group containing nitrogen into an ester group [2]
67
/
20
•
•
from amides or lactams [2]
67
/
22
•
•
from nitriles [2]
67
/
24
•
by reacting carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with a carbon-to-oxygen ether bond, e.g. acetal, tetrahydrofuran [2]
67
/
26
•
•
with an oxirane ring [2]
67
/
27
•
from ortho-esters [3]
67
/
28
•
by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group [2]
67
/
283
•
•
by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [3]
67
/
287
•
•
by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms [3]
67
/
29
•
•
by introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups [3]
67
/
293
•
•
by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton [3]
67
/
297
•
•
by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups [3]
67
/
30
•
by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group [2]
67
/
303
•
•
by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [3]
67
/
307
•
•
by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms [3]
67
/
31
•
•
by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form [3]
67
/
313
•
•
by introduction of doubly bound oxygen containing functional groups, e.g. carboxyl groups [3]
67
/
317
•
•
by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups [3]
67
/
32
•
•
•
Decarboxylation [2,3]
67
/
327
•
•
•
by elimination of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form [3]
67
/
333
•
•
by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton (introduction or elimination of carboxyl groups C 07 C 67/313, C 07 C 67/32) [3]
67
/
34
•
•
•
Migration of groups in the molecule [2,3]
67
/
343
•
•
•
by increase in the number of carbon atoms [3]
67
/
347
•
•
•
•
by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds [3]
groups in the molecule [2,3]
groups between different molecules [3]