of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups [3]
51
/
235
of CHO groups or primary alcohol groups [3]
51
/
245
of keto groups or secondary alcohol groups [3]
51
/
25
of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring [3]
51
/
255
of compounds containing six-membered aromatic rings without ring-splitting [3]
51
/
265
having alkyl side chains which are oxidised to carboxyl groups [3]
51
/
27
with oxides of nitrogen or nitrogen-containing mineral acids [3]
51
/
275
of hydrocarbyl groups [3]
51
/
285
with peroxy-compounds [3]
51
/
29
with halogen-containing compounds which may be formed in situ [3]
51
/
295
with inorganic bases, e.g. by alkali fusion [3]
51
/
305
with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds [3]
51
/
31
of cyclic compounds with ring-splitting [3]
51
/
34
by oxidation with ozone; by hydrolysis of ozonides [3]
51
/
347
by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups [3]
51
/
353
by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton [3]
51
/
36
by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds [3]
51
/
363
by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms [3]
51
/
367
by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form [3]
51
/
373
by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in doubly bound form [3]
51
/
377
by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups [3]
51
/
38
by decarboxylation [3]
51
/
41
Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids or their salts into salts with the same carboxylic acid part (preparation of soap C 11 D) [3]
51
/
42
Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives [3]
51
/
43
by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation [3]
51
/
44
by distillation [3]
51
/
46
by azeotropic distillation [3]
51
/
47
by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption [3]
51
/
48
by liquid-liquid treatment
51
/
487
by treatment giving rise to chemical modification (by chemisorption C 07 C 51/47) [3]
51
/
493
whereby carboxylic acid esters are formed [3]
51
/
50
Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation [3]
51
/
54
Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides (by oxidation C 07 C 51/16)
51
/
56
from organic acids, their salts, or their esters
51
/
567
by reactions not involving the carboxylic acid anhydride group [3]
51
/
573
Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives [3]
51
/
58
Preparation of carboxylic acid halides
51
/
60
by conversion of carboxylic acids or their anhydrides into halides with the same carboxylic acid part [3]
51
/
62
by reactions not involving the carboxylic acid halide group [3]
51
/
64
Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives [3]
